CN110343040B - Method for preparing chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid - Google Patents

Method for preparing chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid Download PDF

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CN110343040B
CN110343040B CN201810281350.8A CN201810281350A CN110343040B CN 110343040 B CN110343040 B CN 110343040B CN 201810281350 A CN201810281350 A CN 201810281350A CN 110343040 B CN110343040 B CN 110343040B
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胡向平
陈松
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid, belonging to the field of organic synthesis. The invention relates to a method for synthesizing chiral first chrysanthemic acid by asymmetric cyclopropanation reaction of 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 4-hexadiene and ethyl diazoacetate, and hydrolyzing the chiral first chrysanthemic acid. The chiral copper catalyst is prepared with copper salt and chiral tridentate P, N, N-ligand in situ in various polar and non-polar solvents. The invention can conveniently synthesize the chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid, and the enantiomeric excess percentage of the chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid is as high as 95%. The method has the characteristics of simple operation, easily obtained raw materials, wide application range of the substrate, high enantioselectivity and the like.

Description

Method for preparing chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of organic synthesis, and particularly relates to a method for preparing chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid.
Background
Chiral chrysanthemic acid is an important organic synthesis intermediate, and can be used for preparing various natural and non-natural compounds with biological activity. In recent years, organic chemists at home and abroad make a lot of work on preparing chiral chrysanthemic acid by regulating and controlling asymmetric cyclopropanation reaction through synthesizing chiral ligands with different skeletons, and have achieved great success.
Nozaki catalyzed the asymmetric cyclopropanation of styrene and diazoacetic acid ester by a catalyst formed from Schiff's base and a transition metal as early as 1966, to obtain ee values of 10% (cis-) and 6% (trans-). This reaction tells one that: the chiral ligand in the transition metal complex can induce the latent chiral substrate to generate a chiral product with a specific configuration in a catalytic reaction, thereby solving the sequence of asymmetric reaction. In 1999 Dyker et al synthesized C with cyclohexanediamine as chiral source and nitroxide of 4, 6-di-tert-butyl-2-pyridylaldehyde2The axi-symmetric Salen-like ligand is complexed with CuCl to catalyze the cyclopropanation reaction of styrene and ethyl diazoacetate, and the results that the ee value of the cis enantiomer is 21 percent and the ee value of the trans enantiomer is 15 percent are obtained. However, these systems have problems such as low reactivity, severe reaction conditions, high ligand cost and the like, and therefore, it is of great importance to develop a method for asymmetric cyclopropanation with cheap, high activity and high stereoselectivity for ligand synthesis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for synthesizing chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid by copper-catalyzed reaction of 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 4-hexadiene and ethyl diazoacetate through asymmetric cyclopropanation. The method has the characteristics of easily obtained raw materials, simple operation, high enantioselectivity and the like.
The invention provides a method for preparing chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid, which comprises the following steps: in the presence of an alkali additive, a chiral copper catalyst catalyzes 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 4-hexadiene and ethyl diazoacetate to synthesize the compound through asymmetric cyclopropanation reaction in a reaction medium, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of chiral copper catalyst: under the protection of nitrogen, copper salt and P, N, N-ligand are stirred in a reaction medium for 0.5 to 2 hours according to the molar ratio of 1:0.1 to 10 to prepare a chiral copper catalyst;
(2) preparation of chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid: dissolving 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 4-hexadiene and an alkali additive in a reaction medium, then adding the chiral copper catalyst prepared in the step (1) into the solution, and stirring and reacting for 1-12 hours at room temperature; dropwise adding ethyl diazoacetate at constant speed for 1-12 hours; after the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure, the chiral first chrysanthemic acid is evaporated in vacuum and hydrolyzed to obtain chiral trans first chrysanthemic acid;
the molar ratio of the chiral copper catalyst to ethyl diazoacetate is 0.001-1: 1;
the molar ratio of the alkali additive to ethyl diazoacetate is 0.001-1: 1;
the molar ratio of the 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 4-hexadiene to ethyl diazoacetate is 1-5: 1.
The reaction medium is at least one of methanol, ethanol, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and ethyl acetate.
The chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid has one of the following structures:
Figure BDA0001614739670000021
the copper salt is hydrated copper acetate, hydrated copper sulfate, anhydrous copper acetate, anhydrous copper sulfate, copper triflate, copper chloride, cuprous acetate, cuprous chloride, cuprous iodide, cuprous perchlorate, copper triflate, Cu (CH)3CN)4BF4、Cu(CH3CN)4ClO4At least one of (1). Preferably hydrated copper acetate, trifluomethane sulfonate, Cu (CH)3CN)4BF4、Cu(CH3CN)4ClO4At least one of (1).
The structural formula of the chiral P, N, N-ligand is as follows:
Figure BDA0001614739670000031
in the formula: r3，R4Is alkyl in H, C1-C10, cycloalkyl in C3-C8, phenyl and substituted phenyl or benzyl and substituted benzyl;
R5，R6is H, halogen, alkyl and cycloalkyl, phenyl and substituted phenyl, alkoxy, phenoxy, acyl or nitro;
R7is alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl and substituted phenyl, naphthyl and substituted naphthyl or a five-membered or six-membered heterocyclic aromatic group containing one or more oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms.
The base additive is various inorganic bases or organic bases, preferably N, N-diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine, DBU, K3PO4、K2CO3、Cs2CO3、Na2CO3Or NaHCO3。
The catalytic reaction conditions in the step (2) are preferably as follows: the temperature is 25 ℃; the reaction medium is dichloroethane; the pressure is normal pressure; the time period required was 12 hours.
The molar ratio of the chiral copper catalyst to ethyl diazoacetate is preferably 0.001-0.1: 1;
the molar ratio of the alkali additive to ethyl diazoacetate is preferably 0.001 to 0.1: 1;
the molar ratio of the 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 4-hexadiene to ethyl diazoacetate is preferably 1-5: 1;
the reaction equation of the invention is as follows:
Figure BDA0001614739670000032
the invention has the following advantages:
1. the starting materials are cheap and easy to obtain.
2. The chiral ligand is simple and convenient to synthesize, the catalyst is cheap and easy to obtain, and the dosage is small.
3. Good reaction activity and high stereoselectivity.
4. Compared with the traditional method, the method can synthesize the chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid more conveniently.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a GC spectrum of trans-first chrysanthemic acid.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the invention thereto. NMR was measured by Bruker 400M NMR. GC analysis was determined by Agilent 7890 series gas chromatography under the following column conditions: agilent 19091J-413: 30m 320 μm 0.25 μm at 325 ℃, column front pressure: 9.8764mp (flow rate 1.5ml/min) injection port temperature: 250 degrees, detector temperature: 250 ℃ and column temperature, constant temperature 140 ℃ and keeping for 120 minutes.
Example 1
Cu(OAc)2.H2O and L-1-1 are used as catalysts to catalyze the reaction.
Wherein the structural formula of the chiral ligand L-1-1 is as follows:
Figure BDA0001614739670000041
adding Cu (OAc)2.H2O (0.1mmol, 1mol per thousand) and chiral ligand L-1-1(0.001mol, 5 mol%), adding 1.0 ml dichloroethane under the protection of nitrogen, and stirring at room temperature for 1 hour.
The stirred solution of the catalyst was added to 10.0 ml of a mixed solution of 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 4-hexadiene (0.22mol,2.2equiv) and N, N-diisopropylethylamine (0.1mmol, 1mol ‰) under nitrogen protection, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 0.5 hour. Ethyl diazoacetate (0.1mol) is added dropwise at a constant speed, and after the dropwise addition is completed within 3 hours, the mixture is stirred for 0.5 hour. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and the chiral first pyrethrin was distilled by a mechanical pump. 15.2 g are obtained, yield 67.8%. Cis/trans 25/75. Taking 10 g of pyrethrin, adding 50 ml of ethanol and 20 ml of water, adding 10 g of sodium hydroxide, heating and refluxing for reaction for 2 hours, evaporating ethanol, adding 50 ml of toluene to obtain 7.35 g of chiral first chrysanthemic acid, wherein the hydrolysis yield is 98 percent, and the ee is 90 percent.
First pyrethrin nuclear magnetic data is as follows:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)：δ4.96-4.89(m,1H),4.19-4.02(m,2H),2.04(dd,J＝7.6,5.7Hz,1H),1.86(t,J＝8.6Hz,1H),1.75-1.69(m,6H),1.31-1.22(m,6H),1.1(s,3H).
first chrysanthemic acid nuclear magnetic data are as follows:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)：δ5.07-4.72(m,1H),2.10(dd,J＝7.5,5.6Hz,1H),1.96(t,J＝8.6Hz,1H),1.70(dd,J＝5.9，3.1Hz,3H),1.34-1.11(m,6H).
the GC spectrum of trans-first chrysanthemic acid is shown in figure 1.
Example 2
Cs2CO3As a base to prepare chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid.
The base N, N-diisopropylethylamine of example 1 was substituted with Cs2CO3Instead, the rest is the same as example 1. The chiral first chrysanthemic acid was obtained by reaction in a yield of 65.2%, and hydrolyzed to obtain chiral first chrysanthemic acid, whose nmr data and GC spectrum of the trans first chrysanthemic acid were similar to those of example 1, and calculated in a yield of 98.1% and 89% ee.
Example 3
K3PO4As a base to prepare chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid.
The base N, N-diisopropylethylamine from example 1 was substituted with K3PO4Instead, the rest is the same as example 1. The chiral first chrysanthemic acid was obtained by reaction in 69.1% yield and hydrolyzed in a similar manner as in example 1 with respect to NMR data and GC spectrum of the trans first chrysanthemic acid, and calculated in 98.3% yield and 88% ee.
Example 4
Cu(CF3SO3)2And L-1-1 is used as a catalyst to catalyze the reaction to generate a productFirst chrysanthemic acid.
Cu (OAc) in example 22·H2Replacement of O by Cu (CF)3SO3)2. The same as example 2, chiral pyrethrin was obtained with a yield of 71%, and hydrolyzed to chiral chrysanthemic acid, which was calculated to have a yield of 98.5% and a calculated yield of 92% ee using nuclear magnetic resonance data and a GC spectrum of trans chrysanthemic acid similar to example 1.
Example 5
Cu(CH3CN)4BF4And L-1-1 is used as a catalyst to catalyze the reaction to generate chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid.
Cu (OAc) in example 22·H2Replacement of O by Cu (CH)3CN)4BF4. The same as example 2, chiral pyrethrin was obtained with a yield of 71%, and hydrolyzed to chiral chrysanthemic acid, which was calculated to have a yield of 98.3 and 95% ee with nmr data and GC spectrum of trans chrysanthemic acid similar to example 1.
Example 6
Cu(CH3CN)4ClO4And L-1-1 is used as a catalyst to react to generate chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid.
Cu (OAc) in example 22·H2Replacement of O by Cu (CH)3CN)4ClO4Otherwise, as in example 2, chiral pyrethrin was obtained with a yield of 69%, and hydrolyzed to obtain chiral chrysanthemic acid, whose NMR data and GC spectrum of trans chrysanthemic acid were similar to those of example 1, and calculated to be 98.6% yield and 91% ee.
Example 7
Cu(CH3CN)4BF4And L-1-1 is used as a catalyst to catalyze the reaction to generate chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid.
Cu (OAc) in example 32·H2Replacement of O by Cu (CH)3CN)4BF4. The remainder of the procedure was as in example 3, giving chiral pyrethrin in a yield of 73%, hydrolysis to chiral chrysanthemic acid, nmr data and GC-spectrum of trans chrysanthemic acid similar to example 1, calculated as 98.3 yield with 95% ee.
Example 8
Cu(CH3CN)4ClO4And L-1-1 is used as a catalyst to react to generate chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid.
Cu (OAc) in example 32·H2Replacement of O by Cu (CH)3CN)4ClO4Otherwise, as in example 3, chiral pyrethrin was obtained in a yield of 68%, and hydrolyzed to chiral chrysanthemic acid, which was calculated to have a 98.4% yield and 90% ee by nuclear magnetic resonance data and a GC spectrum of trans chrysanthemic acid similar to those of example 1.
Example 9
Cu(CF3SO3)2And L-1-2 as a catalyst to produce chiral first chrysanthemic acid.
The structural formula of L-1-2 is as follows:
Figure BDA0001614739670000071
cu (OAc) in example 22·H2Replacement of O by Cu (CF)3SO3)2. The same as example 2, chiral pyrethrin was obtained with a yield of 71%, and hydrolyzed to chiral chrysanthemic acid, which was calculated to have a yield of 98.5% and a calculated yield of 92% ee using nuclear magnetic resonance data and a GC spectrum of trans chrysanthemic acid similar to example 1.
Example 10
Cu(CH3CN)4BF4And L-1-2 is used as a catalyst to catalyze the reaction to generate chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid.
Cu (OAc) in example 22·H2Replacement of O by Cu (CH)3CN)4BF4. The same as example 2, chiral pyrethrin was obtained with a yield of 71%, and hydrolyzed to chiral chrysanthemic acid, which was calculated to have a yield of 98.3 and 95% ee with nmr data and GC spectrum of trans chrysanthemic acid similar to example 1.
Example 11
Cu(CH3CN)4ClO4And L-1-3 as a catalyst to generate chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid.
The structural formula of L-1-3 is as follows:
Figure BDA0001614739670000072
cu (OAc) in example 22·H2Replacement of O by Cu (CH)3CN)4ClO4Otherwise, as in example 2, chiral bifenthrin was obtained in 69% yield, chiral bifenthrin was obtained by hydrolysis in 98.6% yield and 91% ee.
Example 12
Cu(CH3CN)4BF4And L-1-3 is used as a catalyst to catalyze the reaction to generate chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid.
Cu (OAc) in example 32·H2Replacement of O by Cu (CH)3CN)4BF4. The remainder of the procedure was as in example 3, giving chiral pyrethrin in a yield of 73%, hydrolysis to chiral chrysanthemic acid, nmr data and GC-spectrum of trans chrysanthemic acid similar to example 1, calculated as 98.3 yield with 95% ee.
Example 13
Cu(CH3CN)4ClO4And L-1-3 as a catalyst to generate chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid.
Cu (OAc) in example 32·H2Replacement of O by Cu (CH)3CN)4ClO4Otherwise, as in example 3, chiral pyrethrin was obtained in a yield of 68%, and hydrolyzed to chiral chrysanthemic acid, which was calculated to have a 98.4% yield and 90% ee by nuclear magnetic resonance data and a GC spectrum of trans chrysanthemic acid similar to those of example 1.
Example 14
The solvent dichloroethane in example 2 was replaced with ethyl acetate. The same as example 2, chiral pyrethrin was obtained with a yield of 69%, and hydrolyzed to obtain chiral chrysanthemic acid, whose nmr data and GC spectrum of trans chrysanthemic acid were similar to example 1, and calculated with a yield of 96.5% and 89% ee.
Example 15
The solvent dichloroethane in example 3 was replaced with ethyl acetate. The same as example 3, chiral pyrethrin was obtained with a yield of 67%, and hydrolyzed to chiral chrysanthemic acid, which was calculated to have a yield of 95.5% and 88% ee with nuclear magnetic resonance data and a GC spectrum of trans chrysanthemic acid similar to example 1.
Example 16
The solvent dichloroethane in example 9 was replaced with ethyl acetate. The rest of the procedure is the same as example 9, obtaining chiral first chrysanthemic acid with a yield of 72%, hydrolyzing to obtain chiral first chrysanthemic acid, wherein the nuclear magnetic resonance data and the GC spectrogram of trans first chrysanthemic acid are similar to those of example 1, and the calculated yield is 97.5%, and 93% ee.
Example 17
The solvent dichloroethane in example 2 was replaced by dichloromethane. The same as example 2 gave chiral pyrethrin in a yield of 73%, and hydrolyzed chiral chrysanthemic acid, whose nmr data and GC spectrum of trans chrysanthemic acid were similar to example 1, calculated in a yield of 98.5% and 93% ee.
Example 18
The solvent dichloroethane in example 12 was replaced with ethyl acetate. The remainder of the procedure was as in example 12, giving chiral pyrethrin in a yield of 65%, hydrolysis to chiral chrysanthemic acid, nmr data and GC-spectrum of trans chrysanthemic acid similar to example 1, calculated as 92.5% yield with 84% ee.
Example 19
The solvent dichloroethane in example 12 was replaced by dichloromethane. The same as example 12 gave chiral pyrethrin in a yield of 68.8%, and hydrolyzed chiral chrysanthemic acid, which had nmr data and a GC spectrum of trans chrysanthemic acid similar to example 1, and was calculated to give a yield of 96.5% and 89% ee.
Example 20.
Cu(OAc)2.H2O and L-1-1 are used as catalysts to catalyze the reaction.
Adding Cu (OAc)2.H2O (0.1mmol) and chiral ligand L-1-1(0.1mmol), adding 1.0 ml dichloroethane under the protection of nitrogen, and stirring at room temperature for 1 hour.
The stirred solution of the catalyst was added to 10.0 ml of a mixed solution of 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 4-hexadiene (0.1mol,1equiv) and N, N-diisopropylethylamine (0.1mmol, 1mol ‰) under nitrogen protection, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 0.5 hour. Ethyl diazoacetate (0.1mol) is added dropwise at a constant speed, and after 5 hours of dropping, the mixture is stirred for 0.5 hour. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and the chiral first pyrethrin was distilled by a mechanical pump. 14.5 g are obtained, yield 64.7%. Cis/trans 25/75. Taking 10 g of pyrethrin, adding 50 ml of ethanol and 20 ml of water, adding 10 g of sodium hydroxide, heating and refluxing for 2 hours, evaporating ethanol, adding 50 ml of toluene to obtain 7.35 g of chiral first chrysanthemic acid, wherein the nuclear magnetic resonance data and the GC spectrogram of the trans first chrysanthemic acid are similar to those of example 1, and the hydrolysis yield is calculated to be 98 percent, and the ee is calculated to be 90 percent.

Claims (6)

1. A method for preparing chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the presence of an alkali additive, catalyzing asymmetric cyclopropanation reaction of 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 4-hexadiene and ethyl diazoacetate in a reaction medium by a chiral copper catalyst to synthesize chiral first pyrethrin, and hydrolyzing to generate chiral trans first chrysanthemic acid, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of chiral copper catalyst: under the protection of nitrogen, copper salt and chiral P, N, N-ligand are stirred in a reaction medium for 0.5 to 2 hours according to the molar ratio of 1:0.1 to 10 to prepare a chiral copper catalyst; the chiral P, N, N-ligand has the following structure:
Figure FDA0003276084380000011
(2) preparation of chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid: dissolving 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 4-hexadiene and an alkali additive in a reaction medium, then adding the chiral copper catalyst prepared in the step (1) into the solution, and stirring and reacting for 1-12 hours at room temperature; dropwise adding ethyl diazoacetate at constant speed for 1-12 hours; after the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure, the chiral first chrysanthemic acid is evaporated in vacuum and hydrolyzed to obtain chiral trans first chrysanthemic acid;
the molar ratio of the chiral copper catalyst to the ethyl diazoacetate in the step (2) is 0.0001-1: 1; the molar ratio of the alkali additive to the ethyl diazoacetate is 0.0001-1: 1;
the molar ratio of the 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 4-hexadiene to ethyl diazoacetate is 1-5: 1;
the reaction medium is dichloromethane, dichloroethane or ethyl acetate.
2. A process for the preparation of chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid according to claim 1, wherein: the chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid has one of the following two structures:
Figure FDA0003276084380000012
。
Figure FDA0003276084380000021
3. a process for the preparation of chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid according to claim 1, wherein: the copper salt is hydrated copper acetate, hydrated copper sulfate, anhydrous copper acetate, anhydrous copper sulfate, copper triflate, copper chloride, cuprous acetate, cuprous chloride, cuprous iodide, cuprous perchlorate, copper triflate, Cu (CH)3CN)4BF4Or Cu (CH)3CN)4ClO4One or more than two of them.
4. A process for the preparation of chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid according to claim 1, wherein: the alkali additive is one or more than two of various inorganic alkali or organic alkali.
5. A process for the preparation of chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid according to claim 4, wherein: the alkali additive is N, N-diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine, DBU and K3PO4、K2CO3、Cs2CO3、Na2CO3Or NaHCO3One or more than two of them.
6. A process for the preparation of chiral trans-first chrysanthemic acid according to claim 1, wherein: the catalytic reaction conditions in the step (2) are as follows: the temperature is 25 ℃; the reaction medium is dichloroethane; the pressure is normal pressure; the time period required was 2 hours.
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