CN110342694A - 一种电镀废水的处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种电镀废水的处理方法，目的是对电镀废水进行有效的破络处理。其中，废水储存槽(1)连接循环泵(2)，循环泵连接流量计(3)，通过导管连接电化学微滤反应器(4)，电化学微滤反应器(4)中不锈钢微滤滤芯作为阳极(5)，辅助电极作为阴极(6)，电极外接导线连接直流电源(7)，处理后出水进入过滤分离器(8)。本发明处理电镀废水，实现电镀废水中金属离子络合物的破络，具有明显的经济、社会和环境效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于废水处理领域，具体涉及一种电镀废水的处理方法。
背景技术
电镀废水的来源包括镀件清洗水和废电镀液，以及冲刷车间地面，刷洗极板洗水，通风设备冷凝水，以及由于镀槽渗漏或操作管理不当造成的“跑、冒、滴、漏”的各种槽液和排水。电镀废水的水质、水量与电镀生产的工艺条件、生产负荷、操作管理与用水方式等因素有关。电镀废水的水质复杂，成分不易控制，其中含有铬、镉、镍、铜、锌、金、银等重金属离子和氰化物等，有些属于致癌、致畸、致突变的剧毒物质。重金属难以生物降解且易被生物吸收富集，毒性具有持续性，是一类极具潜在危害的污染物，如不治理必将对生态环境及人体健康造成严重的威胁。传统电镀废水的处理方法，如化学沉淀和离子交换等，不仅存在二次污染问题，而且对后处理技术要求高，进一步增加处理成本。
电化学法在废水处理技术中是一种“环境友好”的工艺，主要原理是通过电化学法产生的电子与废水中污染物成份的离子发生反应，且处理后不会产生二次污染,其具有以下特点：
(1)电子只在电极及废水组分之间进行转移和传递，不需另外添加氧化还原剂，避免了引入其他化学物质而造成的二次污染问题；
(2)反应迅速，对废水处理色度去除率高，产泥量少；
(3)操作条件温和，在常温常压下即可进行，管理方便，易于实现自动化；
(4)对于污染物种类和浓度变化范围大的废水，可通过对电流和电压的调节进行控制，来保证出水水质达标；
(5)反应效率高，处理的时间短，反应装置简单，设备占地面积小，建造成本不大；
(6)不仅可以作为单独处理，又可以与其他处理方法结合，例如作为前处理，通过将生物毒性污染物或难降解有机物转化为易于生物降解的物质，从而提高废水的可生物降解性，利于之后的生化处理；
(7)处理过程中的电耗大，可溶性电极材料消耗量较大，电极材料容易被腐蚀。
因此，随着电力工业的迅速发展，电能成本逐渐降低，和一些新工艺的不断研发，电化学发处理废水在绿色工艺方面极具潜力，可望得到广泛应用。
电化学法处理电镀废水，在电极附近产生氧化还原反应，废水中的污染物被氧化还原，能净化废水。电解法处理使用的是低压直流电源，操作简易，管理方便，具有良好的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术存在的不足，提供一种新型有效的电镀废水的处理方法。该方法不仅操作简单方便，而且容易控制。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：将电镀废水置于废水存储槽中，通过循环泵和流量计调节处理流量，电镀废水从中心进入柱形电化学微滤反应器，通过将电能转化成化学能使电极附近产生氧化还原反应，废水中的污染物被去除，去除废水中污染物而净化废水。
一种电镀废水的处理方法，其特征在于，待处理电镀废水液置于废水储存槽(1)中，依次通过循环泵(2)和流量计(3)，进入电化学微滤反应器(4)；电化学微滤反应器(4)中不锈钢微滤滤芯作为阳极(5)，辅助电极作为阴极(6)；电极外接导线连接直流电源(7)，处理后出水进入过滤分离器(8)。
所述的阳极(5)为不锈钢微滤滤芯。
所述的阳极(5)和阴极(6)的极间距为0.5-5.0cm。
所述的直流电源(7)正极连接不锈钢微滤滤芯的阳极(5)，负极连接阴极(6)。
积极有益效果：本发明结合电解法和膜分离法的优点，通过使用不锈钢微滤滤芯作为电极材料，发明一种高效节能的处理电镀废水的电化学微滤技术方法，处理效果好，且电耗少。
附图说明
图1为本发明的系统结构示意图；
图中为：包括废水储存槽1，循环泵2，流量计3，电化学微滤反应器4，阳极5，阴极6，直流电源7，过滤分离器8。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明作进一步的说明：如图1所示，一种电镀废水的处理方法，其特征在于，包括废水储存槽1，循环泵2，流量计3，电化学微滤反应器4，阳极5，阴极6，直流电源7，过滤分离器8。
电镀废水置于废水存储槽1中，通过循环泵2和流量计3调节处理流量，电镀废水从中心进入电化学微滤反应器4，通过外接电源7的微滤不锈钢的阳极5和阴极6的电解作用使电极附近产生氧化还原反应，废水中的污染物被去除。
所述的阳极(5)为不锈钢微滤滤芯。
所述的阳极(5)和阴极(6)的极间距为0.5-5.0cm。
所述的直流电源(7)正极连接不锈钢微滤滤芯的阳极(5)，负极连接阴极(6)。
实施例
设置直流电源输出电压为8V，循环泵流量设置为0.5L/min，处理时间为30min，使用此处理电镀废水的方法，COD去除率可达95.8％。通过能耗计算，该电化学微滤反应器处理1m3电镀废水的耗电量为3.3kW·h。
Claims (4)
1.一种电镀废水的处理方法，其特征在于，待处理电镀废水液置于废水储存槽(1)中，依次通过循环泵(2)和流量计(3)，进入电化学微滤反应器(4)；电化学微滤反应器(4)中不锈钢微滤滤芯作为阳极(5)，辅助电极作为阴极(6)；电极外接导线连接直流电源(7)，处理后出水进入过滤分离器(8)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种电镀废水的处理方法，其特征在于：阳极(5)为不锈钢微滤滤芯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种电镀废水的处理方法，其特征在于：阳极(5)和阴极(6)的极间距为0.5-5.0cm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种电镀废水的处理方法，其特征在于：直流电源(7)正极连接不锈钢微滤滤芯的阳极(5)，负极连接阴极(6)。
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| CN113463133A (zh) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-10-01 | 华中师范大学 | 电化学装置及其应用、以及回收工业废水中金属的方法 |
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