CN110340470B - Stray corrosion ice layer inhibition method in electrochemical machining - Google Patents
Stray corrosion ice layer inhibition method in electrochemical machining Download PDFInfo
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- CN110340470B CN110340470B CN201910505580.2A CN201910505580A CN110340470B CN 110340470 B CN110340470 B CN 110340470B CN 201910505580 A CN201910505580 A CN 201910505580A CN 110340470 B CN110340470 B CN 110340470B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 91
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/10—Supply or regeneration of working media
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for inhibiting stray corrosion ice layers in electrochemical machining, which belongs to the technical field of electrochemical machining, and utilizes a low-temperature environment to reduce the stray current scattering corrosion effect on a non-machined surface of a workpiece in the machining process by covering the ice layer on the non-machined surface of the workpiece, thereby improving the quality of the machined surface of the workpiece. The invention comprises the following steps: (1) preparing an ice layer insulation protective film on the surface of a workpiece to be processed; (2) keeping the working environment at low temperature, and carrying out electrochemical machining on the surface to be machined through a machining channel; (3) and after the processing is finished, the processing environment temperature is increased, and the workpiece is taken down after the ice layer is melted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical machining, and particularly relates to a method for inhibiting a stray corrosion ice layer in electrochemical machining.
Background
The electrochemical machining technology is a machining method for realizing rapid removal of metal materials based on an electrochemical anodic dissolution principle. Compared with the traditional mechanical processing mode, the processing method is non-contact processing, has the advantages of high speed, good processing surface quality, no tool loss, no residual stress, no plastic deformation and the like, and can be used for processing difficult-to-process materials and workpieces with complex shapes in batches. However, the electric field and the flow field cannot be constrained in the expected processing area in the processing process, so that the non-processing area of the workpiece is easily subjected to the stray corrosion action of stray current, and the surface quality and the precision of the workpiece are affected.
Stray corrosion is a common problem in electrolytic machining and becomes an important factor for restricting the precision of electrolytic machining, and the current method for reducing the stray corrosion mainly comprises the steps of insulating the side wall of a tool electrode, adopting passive electrolyte (such as low-concentration composite electrolyte), gas-mixed electrolytic machining and the like.
The side wall is insulated, and insulating substances are coated on the side wall of the electrode, so that only the end part of the electrode participates in electrochemical dissolution of a workpiece, the stray corrosion of the side wall of the workpiece and the secondary processing of a processed surface are effectively avoided, but the side wall insulation mode is not suitable for controlling the end surface stray corrosion, the end surface of the electrode gradually moves towards the surface of the workpiece when the processing is started, and the stray corrosion can be generated on the surface of the workpiece by stray current.
The passive electrolyte has strong activation effect, low viscosity and low sensitivity to a flow field, can reduce stray corrosion to a non-machined surface, improves the machining precision, is well applied to low-concentration composite electrolyte in electrolysis-electric spark composite machining, but is not suitable for pure electrolytic machining, greatly reduces the electrolysis speed under the low-concentration electrolyte and reduces the machining efficiency.
The mixed gas electrolytic machining reduces the local conductivity of the electrolyte through the expansion of the volume of the side wall channel, reduces the material removal rate, improves the leveling capability of the machining process, improves the machining precision and reduces the stray corrosion of the side wall. However, the design of the gas-liquid mixing device is complex, the quality of the side wall of the workpiece is mainly improved by gas-mixed electrolytic machining, the quality of the end face of the workpiece is not affected, and the problem of stray corrosion of the non-machined surface of the workpiece cannot be solved.
CN105033371A patent No. 11/2015 discloses a method for preventing electrochemical stray corrosion for electric machining, which applies an ac auxiliary power supply with positive and negative symmetry between a tool electrode and a workpiece at the initial stage of machining, so that ions and electrons in electrolyte between the two electrodes "vibrate" back and forth in a small range, and the movement of ions in the moving process of the tool electrode is reduced, thereby reducing the stray corrosion of non-machined areas on the surface of the workpiece. However, the effect of the ac auxiliary power supply on the protection of the raw surface is unknown in this method, and this method lacks stability and predictability in comparison with the insulation treatment.
Patent CN106041235A filed on 26 th of 2016 discloses a trailing type auxiliary anode wire cutting processing system and method, which installs an insoluble auxiliary anode moving with the tool electrode in the wire cutting processing area, and applies a potential higher than the working voltage on the auxiliary anode, so as to effectively suppress the stray corrosion phenomenon in the non-processing area near the workpiece processing area.
Patent CN106216784A, 12/14/2016, discloses a method for protecting the unmachined surface in electrochemical or spark-electrochemical machining. According to the method, the double-sided conductive metal foil tape is adhered to the surface of a workpiece to be processed, the tool electrode directly performs discharge processing on the surface of the workpiece adhered with the double-sided conductive metal foil tape, stray current on the surface of the workpiece is transferred to the surface of the double-sided conductive metal foil tape, and the surface of the workpiece is protected. However, the acrylic adhesive used in the method is not easily removed in the subsequent cleaning, and the electrode may penetrate the conductive adhesive tape to cause a certain loss.
Patent CN106270842A of 1/4/2017 discloses a processing device and method for inhibiting stray corrosion of micro electrochemical processing, wherein an insulating cover is arranged on the periphery of a processing electrode, and processing control is realized through a vertical and three-dimensional displacement table, so that stray corrosion on the surface of a cavity can be inhibited, adverse effects on processing of a milling side wall caused by adopting a fixed insulating layer on the side wall of the electrode in the past can be avoided, and the insulating cover provided by the method needs to be customized according to different shapes and sizes of the electrode.
Patent CN104801801B on 3/1/2017 discloses a method and a device for machining auxiliary micro-holes by freezing based on a low-temperature environment.
Patent CN108817582A on 11/16/2018 discloses a device for cathode insulation in electrolytic machining, and the invention prepares a super-hydrophobic microstructure on a position of a cathode surface needing insulation to realize selective insulation, so that an electric field is restricted in a machining area, stray corrosion and side wall taper are reduced, and machining efficiency and precision are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a stray corrosion ice layer inhibition method in electrochemical machining, which reduces the stray current stray corrosion effect on a non-machined surface of a workpiece in the machining process by covering the ice layer on the non-machined surface of the workpiece in a low-temperature environment and improves the quality of the machined surface of the workpiece.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for suppressing stray corrosion ice layer in electrochemical machining comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an ice layer insulation protective film on the surface of a workpiece to be processed;
(2) keeping the working environment at low temperature, and carrying out electrochemical machining on the surface to be machined through a machining channel;
(3) and after the processing is finished, the processing environment temperature is increased, and the workpiece is taken down after the ice layer is melted.
In the above steps, the thickness of the ice layer insulation protective film in step (1) is 2 mm-5 mm, the ice layer insulation protective film adopts low temperature implementation measures, and the annular mold is utilized to directly make ice on the surface of the workpiece, or a formable ice layer with a processing channel is prepared in advance, and the ice layer and the workpiece are frozen in a low temperature environment; the liquid used for preparing the ice layer protective film has the conductivity of 0.3 to 2 mu S/cm, and the liquid is deionized water or working liquid; the annular die material is stainless steel or epoxy resin with low temperature resistance of-50 ℃ to 0 ℃; the refrigeration mode of the low-temperature environment is substance phase change refrigeration, vapor compression refrigeration, adiabatic bleed refrigeration or semiconductor refrigeration; and (3) the processing channel in the step (2) is formed by locally dissolving the ice layer by utilizing the heat and the pressure of flushing liquid in the tube electrode in the electrochemical processing.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a method for inhibiting stray corrosion ice layer in electrochemical machining, which comprises covering an ice layer on the surface of a workpiece, locally dissolving the ice layer by a tube electrode through an internal flushing liquid to form a feed channel, covering and insulating the surface outside the feed channel by the ice layer, carrying out electrochemical machining on the surface of the workpiece by a tool electrode, because the ice layer insulation flow field and the electric field can not influence the non-processing surface, the stray corrosion at the non-processing surface is well controlled, the orifice quality and the precision are improved, the refrigeration is kept in the processing process, the ice layer is ensured to be tightly and firmly contacted with the surface of the workpiece, meanwhile, the diameter of a feeding channel formed by dissolving an ice layer by the inner flushing liquid is controlled to be proper, so that the working liquid can normally flow out from a gap between the channel and an electrode, the ice layer can be always covered on the non-processing surface, and the diameter of the continuous cooling channel cannot be expanded in the processing process.
Cover the ice sheet and can not lead to the fact physics or chemical influence to the workpiece surface at workpiece surface, compare with the mode of coating insulating material or inlaying the non-machined surface of metal material protection, the ice sheet preparation is simple quick, it is convenient to get rid of, only need promote ambient temperature and let the ice sheet melt can get rid of, can not lead to the fact physical injuries such as mar, extrusion to the part surface simultaneously, save processing aftertreatment time, machining efficiency is improved, it is water to melt the back simultaneously ice, can not lead to the fact the influence to the environment, green.
The insulation mode of covering the ice layer on the surface of the workpiece is suitable for electrolytic machining, electric spark machining and electrolytic electric spark composite machining, and the phenomenon that the side wall cannot be electrolyzed can not be caused when the non-machined surface is directly insulated. For the electric spark electrolysis combined machining, the recast layer after the electric spark machining is removed by the side wall of the tool electrode through electrolysis, so the insulation mode of the side wall of the tool electrode is not suitable, and the insulation protection of the non-machined surface is more ideal.
The diameter of a channel formed by locally dissolving an ice layer is controlled by using flushing heat and flushing pressure in a tube electrode, a main shaft controls a tool electrode to feed through the channel to carry out processes such as electrolysis, electric spark, electrolytic electric spark combined machining and the like on the surface of a workpiece, the preparation of the ice layer is not influenced by the difference of the sizes of the electrodes, and the stray corrosion of the ice layer on the non-machined surface can be inhibited by using the method for the electrochemical machining of the tube electrode with any size.
An ice layer with a machining channel is prefabricated according to the shape of a tool electrode by a pre-ice making method, the tool electrode is controlled by a main shaft to feed and directly pass through the channel to perform processes such as electrolysis, electric spark and electrolytic electric spark combined machining on the surface of a workpiece, and the non-machining surface of the workpiece is insulated due to the covering of the ice layer and is not influenced by stray current. The method can be used for inhibiting the stray corrosion of the non-processing surface of the workpiece by the ice layer in the electrochemical processing of tool electrodes with any shape and size.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a channel formed by partial dissolution of an ice layer by a liquid flushing in a tool electrode after direct ice making on the surface of a workpiece by using an annular mold according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the pre-form ice making of the present invention with direct feeding of the tool electrodes;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the process of the present invention;
in the figure, 1 is a working fluid, 2 is a tool electrode, 3 is a nozzle, 4 is a refrigerant, 5 is a workpiece to be processed, 6 is ice, 7 is a pulse power supply, 8 is an annular die, 9 is a processed product, 10 is a pre-made ice layer, and 11 is a processing channel.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
example 1
(1) Uniformly dipping a small amount of deionized water on the lower edge of the annular mold 8, and then attaching the lower edge of the annular mold to the surface to be processed of the workpiece 5;
(2) by adopting a low-temperature implementation measure, the nozzle 3 continuously sprays the refrigerating substance 4 to cool the region of the workpiece to be processed, so that the deionized water between the lower edge of the annular mold 8 and the surface of the workpiece 5 is solidified and frozen, and the lower edge of the annular mold 8 is tightly attached to the surface of the workpiece 5;
(3) slowly pouring a proper amount of deionized water into a container formed by the annular mold 8 and the surface of the workpiece 5 in a low-temperature environment, freezing the deionized water in the container, naturally freezing the deionized water together with the surface to be processed of the workpiece 5 and forming an ice layer insulation protective film 6 with a certain thickness, wherein the deionized water has a connection strength;
(4) connecting a workpiece 5 with the anode of a pulse power supply 7, connecting a tool electrode 2 with the cathode of the pulse power supply 7, supplying working fluid 1 in a tube electrode flushing manner, driving the tool electrode 2 to move under the driving of a feeding mechanism, controlling the temperature of the working fluid 1 by a temperature controller, locally melting an ice layer by the heat of the flushing fluid in the tool electrode and the pressure of the flushing fluid to form a processing channel, then performing electrochemical processing, discharging a product 9 in the processing process smoothly, and well protecting the non-processing surface of the workpiece 5 due to the existence of an ice layer insulation 6;
(5) after the machining is finished, the temperature of the machining environment is increased, and the workpiece 5 is taken down after the ice layer melts.
In the above steps, the temperature controller of the working fluid is continuously adjustable, and the diameter of the channel formed by melting the ice layer can be controlled by controlling the temperature of the flushing fluid in the electrode.
The low-temperature environment is formed by a refrigeration component and a working fluid temperature controller.
The liquid used for preparing the ice layer is deionized water, the conductivity is 2 mu S/cm, and the annular die is made of stainless steel; the low temperature range is-50 to 0 ℃; the thickness of the ice layer protective film is 2mm according to specific processing conditions; the refrigeration mode of the low-temperature environment is substance phase-change refrigeration.
Example 2
(1) Directly freezing and connecting the pre-formed ice layer 10 with the surface of the workpiece 5 under a low-temperature environment by using the pre-formed ice layer 10 with the processing channel 11;
(2) connecting a workpiece 5 with the anode of a pulse power supply 7, connecting a tool electrode 2 with the cathode of the pulse power supply 7, supplying working fluid 1 in a tube electrode flushing manner, driving the tool electrode 2 to move under the driving of a feeding mechanism, controlling the temperature of the working fluid 1 by a temperature controller, locally melting an ice layer by the heat of the flushing fluid in the tool electrode and the pressure of the flushing fluid to form a processing channel, then performing electrochemical processing, discharging a product 9 in the processing process smoothly, and well protecting the non-processing surface of the workpiece 5 due to the existence of an ice layer insulation 6;
(3) after the machining is finished, the temperature of the machining environment is increased, and the workpiece 5 is taken down after the ice layer melts.
In the above steps, the low-temperature environment is formed by a refrigeration component and a working fluid temperature controller; the liquid used for preparing the ice layer is deionized water, the conductivity is 0.3 mu S/cm, and the thickness of the ice layer protective film is 5mm according to specific processing conditions; the refrigeration mode of the low-temperature environment is vapor compression refrigeration.
Example 3
(1) Uniformly dipping a small amount of working liquid on the lower edge of the annular die 8 and attaching the working liquid to the surface to be processed of the workpiece 5;
(2) by adopting low-temperature implementation measures, the nozzle 3 continuously sprays the refrigerating substance 4 to cool the region to be processed of the workpiece, so that the working liquid between the lower edge of the annular die 8 and the surface of the workpiece 5 is solidified and frozen, and the lower edge of the annular die 8 is tightly attached to the surface of the workpiece 5;
(3) slowly pouring a proper amount of working solution into a container formed by the annular mold 8 and the surface of the workpiece 5 in a low-temperature environment, freezing the working solution in the container, and naturally freezing the working solution together with the surface to be processed of the workpiece 5 with connection strength to form an ice layer insulation protective film 6 with a certain thickness;
(4) connecting a workpiece 5 with the anode of a pulse power supply 7, connecting a tool electrode 2 with the cathode of the pulse power supply 7, supplying working fluid 1 in a tube electrode flushing manner, driving the tool electrode 2 to move under the driving of a feeding mechanism, controlling the temperature of the working fluid 1 by a temperature controller, locally melting an ice layer by the heat of the flushing fluid in the tool electrode and the pressure of the flushing fluid to form a processing channel, then performing electrochemical processing, discharging a product 9 in the processing process smoothly, and well protecting the non-processing surface of the workpiece 5 due to the existence of an ice layer insulation 6;
(5) after the machining is finished, the temperature of the machining environment is increased, and the workpiece 5 is taken down after the ice layer melts.
In the above steps, the temperature controller of the working fluid is continuously adjustable, and the diameter of the channel formed by melting the ice layer can be controlled by controlling the temperature of the flushing fluid in the electrode.
The low-temperature environment is formed by a refrigeration component and a working fluid temperature controller.
The liquid used for making the ice layer is working liquid, and the material of the annular mould is epoxy resin; the low temperature range is-50 to 0 ℃; the thickness of the ice layer protective film is 3mm according to specific processing conditions; the refrigeration mode of the low-temperature environment is heat insulation air discharge refrigeration.
Example 4
(1) Directly freezing and connecting the pre-formed ice layer 10 with the surface of the workpiece 5 under a low-temperature environment by using the pre-formed ice layer 10 with the processing channel 11;
(2) connecting a workpiece 5 with the anode of a pulse power supply 7, connecting a tool electrode 2 with the cathode of the pulse power supply 7, supplying working fluid 1 in a tube electrode flushing manner, driving the tool electrode 2 to move under the driving of a feeding mechanism, controlling the temperature of the working fluid 1 by a temperature controller, locally melting an ice layer by the heat of the flushing fluid in the tool electrode and the pressure of the flushing fluid to form a processing channel, then performing electrochemical processing, discharging a product 9 in the processing process smoothly, and well protecting the non-processing surface of the workpiece 5 due to the existence of an ice layer insulation 6;
(3) after the machining is finished, the temperature of the machining environment is increased, and the workpiece 5 is taken down after the ice layer melts.
In the above steps, the low-temperature environment is formed by a refrigeration component and a working fluid temperature controller; the liquid used for the ice layer is working liquid, and the thickness of the ice layer protective film is 4mm according to specific processing conditions; the refrigeration mode of the low-temperature environment is semiconductor refrigeration.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for suppressing stray corrosion ice layer in electrochemical machining is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing an ice layer insulation protective film on the surface of a workpiece to be processed, wherein the ice layer insulation protective film adopts low-temperature implementation measures, directly ice is made on the surface of the workpiece by using an annular mould, or a formed ice layer with a processing channel is prepared in advance, and the ice layer and the workpiece are frozen in a low-temperature environment;
(2) keeping the working environment at low temperature, and carrying out electrochemical machining on the surface to be machined through a machining channel;
(3) after the processing is finished, the temperature of the working environment is increased, and the workpiece is taken down after the ice layer insulating protective film is melted.
2. The method for suppressing stray corrosion ice layer in electrochemical machining according to claim 1, wherein said machining passage in step (2) is formed by locally dissolving the ice layer insulation protection film by using heat and pressure of a flushing liquid in a tube electrode in electrochemical machining.
3. The method for suppressing stray corrosion ice layer in electrochemical machining according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the ice layer insulating protective film in step (1) is 2mm to 5 mm.
4. The method for suppressing stray corrosion of ice layer in electrochemical machining according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the liquid used for preparing said ice layer insulation protective film has an electrical conductivity of 0.3 μ S/cm to 2 μ S/cm.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the liquid is deionized water or a working liquid.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the material of the annular mold is stainless steel or epoxy resin resistant to low temperatures of-50 ℃ to 0 ℃.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the low-temperature environment is a phase-change refrigeration system, a vapor compression refrigeration system, an adiabatic bleed refrigeration system, or a semiconductor refrigeration system.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000218438A (en) * | 1999-01-26 | 2000-08-08 | Mitsutoyo Corp | Electric discharge machine |
| US6569300B1 (en) * | 2000-02-15 | 2003-05-27 | T. A. Caid Industries Inc. | Steel-clad cathode for electrolytic refining of copper |
| CN104801801A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-07-29 | 南京航空航天大学 | Freezing-assisted micro-hole processing method and freezing-assisted micro-hole processing device based on low-temperature environment |
| CN106216784A (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2016-12-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | The guard method of green surface in a kind of electrochemistry or electric spark/electrochemical copolymerization processing |
| CN107584179A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-01-16 | 武汉大学 | A kind of electrolysis micromachining device of trickle silk part micro shaping |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000218438A (en) * | 1999-01-26 | 2000-08-08 | Mitsutoyo Corp | Electric discharge machine |
| US6569300B1 (en) * | 2000-02-15 | 2003-05-27 | T. A. Caid Industries Inc. | Steel-clad cathode for electrolytic refining of copper |
| CN104801801A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-07-29 | 南京航空航天大学 | Freezing-assisted micro-hole processing method and freezing-assisted micro-hole processing device based on low-temperature environment |
| CN106216784A (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2016-12-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | The guard method of green surface in a kind of electrochemistry or electric spark/electrochemical copolymerization processing |
| CN107584179A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-01-16 | 武汉大学 | A kind of electrolysis micromachining device of trickle silk part micro shaping |
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