CN110333559B - Quick rate determining method and device for skip type rain gauge - Google Patents

Quick rate determining method and device for skip type rain gauge Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110333559B
CN110333559B CN201910686888.1A CN201910686888A CN110333559B CN 110333559 B CN110333559 B CN 110333559B CN 201910686888 A CN201910686888 A CN 201910686888A CN 110333559 B CN110333559 B CN 110333559B
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rain gauge
peristaltic pump
rain
type rain
tipping
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CN110333559A (en
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廖爱民
刘九夫
廖敏涵
王妞
李薛刚
姜广旭
郑锦涛
马涛
刘宏伟
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Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute of National Energy Administration Ministry of Transport Ministry of Water Resources
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Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute of National Energy Administration Ministry of Transport Ministry of Water Resources
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01WMETEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00Meteorology
    • G01W1/18Testing or calibrating meteorological apparatus
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a rapid rate determining method and device for a skip type rain gauge, and belongs to the technical fields of meteorology and hydrology. The quick calibrating device of the tipping bucket type rain gauge mainly comprises a tipping bucket type rain gauge (1) to be calibrated, a fixed rain intensity peristaltic pump (2), an acceleration peristaltic pump (3), a counter (4), an electronic balance (5), a water supply bottle (6) and a controller (7). The controller (7) is connected with the constant-rain strong peristaltic pump (2), the acceleration peristaltic pump (3), the counter (4) and the electronic balance (5) through a communication line (8); the counter (4) is connected with the tipping bucket type rain gauge (1) through a lead (9) and is provided with a corresponding calibrating method. Compared with the existing tipping bucket rain gauge calibrating method, the time of 1/2 to 3/4 can be saved, and the tipping bucket rain gauge calibrating efficiency can be greatly improved. The method and the device can be used for efficiently determining the tipping bucket type rain gauge, and have good application value in the application of the meteorological industry and the hydrology industry.

Description

Quick rate determining method and device for skip type rain gauge
Technical Field
The invention relates to a calibrating method and a calibrating device for a skip type rain gauge, in particular to a rapid calibrating method and a rapid calibrating device for a skip type rain gauge, belonging to the technical fields of meteorology and hydrology.
Background art scene
Rainfall is a factor of routine monitoring in meteorological and hydrologic research. The most common use of skip type rain gauge is to measure the rainfall, but the skip type use needs to be calibrated after a period of time, and generally needs to be carried out at least once in one year. In order to more accurately characterize the rain intensity-error characteristics of a skip-type rain gauge, multiple calibration needs to be performed under multiple different rain intensities, which is a time-consuming task. Therefore, a quick rate determination method and a quick rate determination device are needed to efficiently complete calibration of the tipping bucket type rain gauge, and the method and the device have good application value in the application of the weather and hydrology industries.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problem of how to quickly fix a tipping bucket type rain gauge.
The invention aims to provide a rapid rate determining method and device for a skip type rain gauge aiming at the situation, so that weather and hydrologic monitoring personnel can rapidly rate the skip type rain gauge.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the quick calibrating device of the tipping bucket type rain gauge mainly comprises a tipping bucket type rain gauge (1) to be calibrated, a fixed rain intensity peristaltic pump (2), an acceleration peristaltic pump (3), a counter (4), an electronic balance (5), a water supply bottle (6) and a controller (7). The controller (7) can adopt a notebook computer, a desktop computer or a singlechip. The controller (7) is connected with the constant-rain strong peristaltic pump (2), the acceleration peristaltic pump (3) and the counter (4) through communication lines; the counter (4) is connected with the tipping bucket type rain gauge (1) through a lead (9).
The water supply bottle (6) is placed on an electronic balance (5), the electronic balance (5) can record the starting and ending mass of the water supply bottle, data are transmitted to a controller (7), and the controller (7) calculates the total water quantity injected into the tipping bucket rain gauge (1) in a calibration process.
The peristaltic pump (2) is used for simulating a constant rain intensity rainfall process, different flow rates can be set for simulating different rain intensities (such as 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 1, 2, 4mm/min and the like), and water of the water supply bottle (6) is injected into the tipping-bucket rain gauge (1) through the peristaltic pump pipe (10) at a fixed flow rate.
The output type counter (4) can preset target times N, and generally divides the target times by the sensing quantity h (mm) of the tipping bucket type rain gauge, so that N is sequentially 100, 50, 20 and 10 for the tipping bucket type rain gauges with sensing quantities of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mm. The counter (4) is connected with the tipping-bucket type rain gauge (1) through a lead (9) and is connected with the controller (7) through a communication line, so that the controller can obtain the turning times of the tipping-bucket type rain gauge (1) in real time, when the turning times reach N, the rain intensity peristaltic pump (2) is immediately controlled to stop supplying water to the tipping-bucket type rain gauge (1), and then a rainfall simulation process is finished.
In the calibration process, when the value of the counter (4) is increased by 1 and is smaller than N, the accelerating peristaltic pump (3) is started to extract a certain accelerating water quantity V (1/2 to 3/4 of single bucket water quantity can be taken) from the water supply bottle (5) and rapidly inject the water quantity V into the tipping bucket rain gauge (1), and the flow can be 4mm/min. For large skip with sensing capacity of 0.5 and 1mm, V can be 3/4 x 31.42mL; for small skips with a sensing of 0.1 and 2mm, V may be 1/2 x 31.42ml because of the sensitivity of the skips. Because the metering errors of different rain intensities to the skip type rain gauge occur in a short process from the start of the skip to the horizontal, and the water injection of the accelerating peristaltic pump (3) into the skip does not occur in the process, the accelerating peristaltic pump (3) can play a role in accelerating the calibration while the calibration result (namely the rain intensity-metering error relation) of the skip type rain gauge is not influenced.
The invention provides a rapid rate determination method of a skip rain gauge, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one, calculating the theoretical single-bucket water quantity of the skip type rain gauge according to the sensing quantity h of the skip type rain gauge (1), wherein the standard opening area S of the skip type rain gauge in China is 314.2cm 2 Theoretical single bucket volumes v0=3.142, 6.284, 15.71 and 31.42cm for tipping bucket type rain gauges corresponding to h=0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1mm sensing volumes, respectively 3
And step two, according to the requirement of 10mm of the total simulated rainfall, the turning target times N of the tipping bucket type rain gauge corresponding to the sensing quantities of h=0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1mm are respectively 100, 50, 20 and 10 times. A preset target number of times of the counter (4) is set.
Calculating the flow Q=i.31.42 (mL/min) of the fixed-rain intensity peristaltic pump (2) according to the rain intensity i=0.1 mm/min to be simulated, setting the output flow of the fixed-rain intensity peristaltic pump (2), and starting the fixed-rain intensity peristaltic pump (2) to supply water to the tipping bucket rain gauge (1).
And step four, in the calibration process, when the value of the counter (4) is increased by 1 and is smaller than N, the accelerating peristaltic pump (3) is started to extract the accelerating water quantity V (1/2 to 3/4 of single bucket water quantity can be taken) from the water supply bottle (5), the accelerating water quantity V is injected into the tipping bucket rain gauge (1) at the speed of 4mm/min until the output type counter (4) reaches the preset target times, and one-time rainfall simulation is finished. The controller (7) receives the initial mass M1 and the end mass M2 of the electronic balance (5), and calculates the measurement error e= [ N.h.31.42- (M1-M2) ]/(M1-M2) 100% of the tipping bucket rain gauge (1) at the rain intensity of 0.1 mm/min.
And fifthly, repeating the steps three and four times (generally not less than 3) to obtain the metering error of the tipping bucket rain gauge (1) in which the rain intensity is repeated n times at 0.1 mm/min.
Step six, setting the simulated rain intensity i=0.2, 0.4, 1, 2 and 4mm/min, and repeating the steps three to five to obtain the metering error of the skip type rain gauge (1) which is repeated for n times under different simulated rain intensities.
And seventhly, taking the simulated rain intensity as an x-axis and the corresponding metering error as a y-axis, and making a rain intensity-metering error curve of the tipping bucket type rain gauge (1).
The beneficial effects are that:
compared with the existing tipping bucket rain gauge calibrating method, the calibrating method not only can obtain calibrating results consistent with the conventional method, but also can save 1/2 to 3/4 of time, can greatly improve the efficiency of calibrating the tipping bucket rain gauge, and saves a great amount of time for rain gauge calibrating personnel or scientific research personnel.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a rain intensity-metering error curve of example 1.
In the figure: 1-a skip type rain gauge; 2-a peristaltic pump for determining rain intensity; 3-an accelerating peristaltic pump; 4-a counter; 5-an electronic balance; 6-water supply bottle; 7-a controller; 8-communication lines; 9-conducting wires; 10-peristaltic pump tube.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings.
Examples:
the quick calibration device of the tipping bucket type rain gauge mainly comprises a tipping bucket type rain gauge 1 to be calibrated, a rain-setting peristaltic pump 2, an acceleration peristaltic pump 3, a counter 4, an electronic balance 5, a water supply bottle 6 and a controller 7, wherein the controller 7 is connected with the rain-setting peristaltic pump 2, the acceleration peristaltic pump 3, the counter 4 and the electronic balance 5 through communication lines 8; the counter 4 is connected with the tipping-bucket type rain gauge 1 through a lead 9, the water supply bottle 6 is placed on an electronic balance 5, the electronic balance 5 can record the starting and ending quality of the water supply bottle and transmit data to the controller 7, the controller 7 calculates the total water quantity injected into the tipping-bucket type rain gauge 1 in a rate setting process, the peristaltic pump 2 is used for simulating a constant rain intensity rainfall process, the water of the water supply bottle 6 is injected into the tipping-bucket type rain gauge 1 through a peristaltic pump pipe 10 at a fixed flow rate, the output type counter 4 can preset target times N, the sensing quantity h mm of the tipping-bucket type rain gauge divided by 10mm is taken, the counter 4 is connected with the tipping-bucket type rain gauge 1 through the lead 9 and is connected with the controller 7 through a communication line 8, the controller 7 can obtain the turning times of the tipping-bucket type rain gauge 1 in real time, and when the turning times reach N, the peristaltic pump 2 is immediately controlled to stop supplying water to the tipping-bucket type rain gauge 1, and a simulated rainfall process is ended; in the calibration process, when the value of the counter 4 is increased by 1 and is smaller than N, the accelerating peristaltic pump 3 starts to pump a certain accelerating water quantity V from the water supply bottle 6 and inject the water into the skip type rain gauge 1 at a flow rate of 2-8 mm/min.
The peristaltic pump 2 can set different flow rates to simulate different rain intensities, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 1, 2 or 4mm/min.
For skip rain gauges with sensing of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1mm, N is 100, 50, 20 and 10 in order.
The accelerating water volume V is taken to be 1/2 to 3/4 of the single bucket water volume, and is rapidly injected into the tipping bucket rain gauge 1, and the flow can be 4-8mm/min.
The measuring range of the electronic balance 5 is 3000-5000mL, and the resolution is 0.01g; the water storage cylinders 6 on the electronic balance 5 are all required to be provided with covers with holes, so that the influence of evaporation on verification is reduced.
The controller 7 can control the flow and the switch of the constant rain intensity peristaltic pump 2 and the acceleration peristaltic pump 3.
The controller 7 may record the digital changes of the counter 4 and control the switching of the peristaltic pump 3 accordingly.
The using method of the tipping bucket type rain gauge calibrating device comprises the following steps:
step one, calculating theoretical single-bucket water quantity of the skip type rain gauge according to the sensing quantity h of the skip type rain gauge 1, wherein the standard opening area S of the skip type rain gauge in China is 314.2cm 2 Theoretical single bucket volumes v0=3.142, 6.284, 15.71 and 31.42cm for tipping bucket type rain gauges corresponding to h=0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1mm sensing volumes, respectively 3
Step two, according to the requirement of simulating 10mm of the total rainfall, the turning target times N of the tipping bucket type rain gauge corresponding to h=0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1mm sensing quantity are respectively 100, 50, 20 and 10 times, and the preset target times of the counter 4 are set;
step three, calculating the flow Q=i.31.42 mL/min of the fixed-rain intensity peristaltic pump 2 according to the rain intensity i=0.1 mm/min to be simulated, setting the output flow of the fixed-rain intensity peristaltic pump 2, and starting the fixed-rain intensity peristaltic pump 2 to supply water to the skip type rain gauge 1;
step four, in the calibration process, when the value of the counter 4 is increased by 1 and is smaller than N, the accelerating peristaltic pump 3 starts to extract the accelerating water volume V from the water supply bottle 5 to take 1/2 to 3/4 of single bucket water volume, and the water volume V is injected into the tipping bucket rain gauge 1 at the speed of 4mm/min until the output type counter 4 reaches the preset target times, and one-time rainfall simulation is finished; the controller 7 receives the initial mass M1 and the end mass M2 of the electronic balance 5, and calculates a measurement error e= [ Nh ] 31.42- (M1-M2) ]/(M1-M2) 100% of the tipping bucket rain gauge 1 at the rain intensity of 0.1 mm/min;
step five, repeating the step three and the step four for n times, wherein n is more than or equal to 3, so as to obtain a metering error of the tipping bucket rain gauge 1 in which the rain intensity is repeated for n times at 0.1 mm/min;
step six, setting simulation rain intensity i=0.2, 0.4, 1, 2 and 4mm/min, and repeating the steps three to five to obtain metering errors of the skip type rain gauge 1 which are repeated n times under different simulation rain intensities;
and seventhly, taking the simulated rain intensity as an x-axis and the corresponding metering error as a y-axis, and making a rain intensity-metering error curve of the tipping bucket type rain gauge 1.
The rain intensity-measuring error curve shown in figure 2 can be obtained by adopting the method and the device to respectively rate the rain intensity of JDZ01, JDZ02, JDZ05, JDZ10 and other rain gauges developed by Nanjing hydrologic automatic research institute to be 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1mm, the water injection quantity is 10mm, the rain intensity of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 1, 2 and 4mm/min and the like is simulated, the rain intensity-measuring error curve is shown in figure 2, and compared with the time used by the conventional method, the method can save at least 1/2 to 3/4 time, and greatly improve the efficiency of the tipping bucket rain intensity calibration.
TABLE 1 time required for calibrating JDZ01, JDZ02 using 10mm rainfall
TABLE 2 time required for calibrating JDZ05, JDZ10 using 10mm rainfall
The invention is not limited to the specific technical scheme described in the above embodiments, and all technical schemes formed by adopting equivalent substitution are the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A calibrating method of a quick calibrating device of a skip type rain gauge is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the quick calibration device of the tipping bucket type rain gauge mainly comprises a tipping bucket type rain gauge (1) to be calibrated, a rain-intensity peristaltic pump (2), an acceleration peristaltic pump (3), a counter (4), an electronic balance (5), a water supply bottle (6) and a controller (7), wherein the controller (7) is connected with the rain-intensity peristaltic pump (2), the acceleration peristaltic pump (3), the counter (4) and the electronic balance (5) through communication lines (8); the counter (4) is connected with the tipping-bucket type rain gauge (1) through a lead (9) and is connected with the controller (7) through a communication line (8), the water supply bottle (6) is placed on an electronic balance (5), the electronic balance (5) can record the starting and ending mass of the water supply bottle and transmit data to the controller (7), the controller (7) calculates the total water quantity injected into the tipping-bucket type rain gauge (1) in a rate-determining process, the peristaltic pump (2) is used for simulating a constant rain intensity rainfall process, the peristaltic pump pipe (10) is used for injecting water for the water supply bottle (6) into the tipping-bucket type rain gauge (1) in a fixed flow rate, the counter (4) can preset target times N, N to be divided by the sensing quantity h mm of the tipping-bucket type rain gauge, the controller (7) can obtain the turning times of the tipping-bucket type rain gauge (1) in real time, and immediately control the rain intensity peristaltic pump (2) to stop to simulate the tipping-bucket type rain gauge (1) when the turning times reach N; in the calibration process, when the value of the counter (4) is increased by 1 and is smaller than N, the accelerating peristaltic pump (3) is started to extract a certain accelerating water quantity V from the water supply bottle (6) and quickly inject the water quantity V into the tipping bucket rain gauge (1) at the flow rate of 2-8 mm/min;
the using method of the tipping bucket type rain gauge calibrating device comprises the following steps:
step one, calculating the theoretical single-bucket water quantity of the skip type rain gauge according to the sensing quantity h of the skip type rain gauge (1), wherein the standard opening area S of the skip type rain gauge in China is 314.2cm 2 Theoretical single bucket volumes v0=3.142, 6.284, 15.71 and 31.42cm for tipping bucket type rain gauges corresponding to h=0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1mm sensing volumes, respectively 3
Step two, according to the requirement of simulating 10mm of the total rainfall, the turning target times N of the tipping bucket type rain gauge corresponding to h=0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1mm sensing quantity are respectively 100, 50, 20 and 10 times, and the preset target times of a counter (4) are set;
calculating the flow Q=i.31.42 (mL/min) of the fixed-rain intensity peristaltic pump (2) according to the rain intensity i=0.1 mm/min to be simulated, setting the output flow of the fixed-rain intensity peristaltic pump (2), and starting the fixed-rain intensity peristaltic pump (2) to supply water to the tipping bucket rain gauge (1);
step four, in the calibration process, when the value of the counter (4) is increased by 1 and is smaller than N, the accelerating peristaltic pump (3) is started to extract the accelerating water quantity V from the water supply bottle (5), wherein the V can take 1/2 to 3/4 of single bucket water quantity, the water quantity V is injected into the tipping bucket rain gauge (1) at the speed of 2-8mm/min until the output counter (4) reaches the preset target times, and one-time rainfall simulation is finished; the controller (7) receives an initial mass M1 and an end mass M2 of the electronic balance (5), and calculates a measurement error e= [ N.h.31.42- (M1-M2) ]/(M1-M2) 100% of the tipping bucket rain gauge (1) at the rain intensity of 0.1 mm/min;
step five, repeating the step three and the step four for n times, wherein n is more than or equal to 3, so as to obtain a metering error of the tipping bucket rain gauge (1) in which the rain intensity is repeated for n times at 0.1 mm/min;
step six, setting simulated rain intensity i=0.2, 0.4, 1, 2 and 4mm/min, and repeating the steps three to five to obtain metering errors of the skip type rain gauge (1) which are repeated n times under different simulated rain intensities;
and seventhly, taking the simulated rain intensity as an x-axis and the corresponding metering error as a y-axis, and making a rain intensity-metering error curve of the tipping bucket type rain gauge (1).
2. The calibration method of the rapid calibration device of the skip type rain gauge according to claim 1, wherein: the peristaltic pump (2) can set different flow rates to simulate different rain intensities, and the flow rates are 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 1, 2 or 4mm/min.
3. The calibration method of the rapid calibration device of the skip type rain gauge according to claim 1, wherein: for a skip rain gauge with a sensing of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 or 1mm, N is 100, 50, 20 or 10 in order.
4. The calibration method of the rapid calibration device of the skip type rain gauge according to claim 1, wherein: the accelerating water volume V is taken to be 1/2 to 3/4 of the single bucket water volume, and is rapidly injected into the tipping bucket rain gauge (1), and the flow can be 4-8mm/min.
5. The calibration method of the rapid calibration device of the skip type rain gauge according to claim 1, wherein: the measuring range of the electronic balance (5) is 3000-5000mL, and the resolution is 0.01g; the water supply bottle (6) on the electronic balance (5) needs to be provided with a cover with holes, so that the influence of evaporation on verification is reduced.
6. The calibration method of the rapid calibration device of the skip type rain gauge according to claim 1, wherein: the controller (7) can control the flow and the switch of the constant-rain strong peristaltic pump (2) and the acceleration peristaltic pump (3).
7. The calibration method of the rapid calibration device of the skip type rain gauge according to claim 1, wherein: the controller (7) can record the digital change of the counter (4) and control the on-off of the peristaltic pump (3) according to the digital change.
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CN112747807B (en) * 2020-12-29 2024-03-19 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 Calibrating method and device of skip bucket flowmeter

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CN103245980A (en) * 2012-02-10 2013-08-14 王学永 Portable rain gauge calibration system
CN109239813A (en) * 2018-10-12 2019-01-18 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 The more meter characteristic calibration methods and device of tipping-bucket rain-gauge
CN210051915U (en) * 2019-07-29 2020-02-11 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 Rapid calibration device of tipping bucket type rain gauge

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20080097503A (en) * 2007-05-02 2008-11-06 한국표준과학연구원 Calibration method of rain gauges
CN103245980A (en) * 2012-02-10 2013-08-14 王学永 Portable rain gauge calibration system
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