CN110333507A - Multiple-input multiple-output synthetic aperture radar image-forming method - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/42—Diversity systems specially adapted for radar
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Abstract
A kind of multiple-input multiple-output synthetic aperture radar image-forming method, comprising: setting parameter；According to the orientation transmitting antenna number, the orthogonal multi-dimensional waveform encoded signal of respective numbers is determined；According to distance to subband number, transmitted waveform of the distance to array element is determined；Transmit a signal to scene to be imaged；For the signal after object to be imaged reflection, receiving module receives the signal, and is transmitted to processing system and is sampled；Based on the signal sampled, by airspace filter, multiple distances are separated to the reflection echo of subband；By frequency domain filtering, the multiple distance is further separated to the reflection echo of subband, promotes those distances to the isolation between subband signal；Distance after separation is demodulated to the reflection echo of subband, to obtain the corresponding reception echo of each orientation transmitting antenna；It is received back Pohle to described and is imaged with multiple-input multiple-output synthetic aperture radar image-forming method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electronic information technology Radar Technology field, more particularly to it is a kind of based on multi-dimensional waveform encoded signal and
Receive and dispatch multiple-input multiple-output synthetic aperture radar (the Multi-input Multi-output Synthetic of digital Wave beam forming
Aperture Radar, MIMO-SAR) imaging method.
Background technique
Synthetic aperture radar (Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR) is as a kind of round-the-clock, round-the-clock, high score
The active microwave imaging radar of resolution, has the advantages of detection systems such as visible light, infrared hardly match, detects in military affairs
It examines, the numerous areas such as disaster monitoring, mapping, ocean research, resource exploration are widely applied.The basic principle is that sharp
With one big antenna of relative motion dummy synthesis between the antenna and target of orientation small-bore, to obtain higher side
Position is to resolution ratio.
For traditional synthetic aperture radar, to increase and survey and draw the area that breadth then needs to reduce antenna, and antenna area
The gain of antenna will be reduced by reducing, and so that power and aperture product is become smaller, imaging capability is deteriorated.In addition to this, high azimuth resolution is wanted
SAR system pulse recurrence frequency with higher is sought, and high pulse repetition frequency then will lead to the increase of pulse blind area, further limit
Mapping breadth is made.So single-channel SAR and single-shot receive SAR more and are unable to satisfy growing mapping demand, and multiple-input multiple-output
The multiple channels and big antenna area that synthetic aperture radar (MIMO-SAR) provides, can satisfy can increase antenna area,
It is able to maintain the demand of big mapping breadth again；And Doppler's resolution of system can be improved in the multiple displaced phase centers of orientation
Power, to relax the limitation of pulse recurrence frequency.
MIMO-SAR emits multiple orthogonal waveforms by orientation and receives simultaneously, to realize in multiple equivalent phases
The heart, wherein orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-linear frequency modulation (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing-
Chirp, OFDM-chirp) signal is a kind of efficient coding mode.And OFDM-chirp signal due to its own it is intrinsic away from
From fuzzy characteristic, surveying and drawing bandwidth must be limited within maximum unam, can not really realize that high score wide cut is surveyed and drawn.
It can adjust the distance to obscure using the digital beam-forming technology of receiving end and be inhibited, but signal-to-noise ratio can be sacrificed, lead to not
Further range of lift to mapping bandwidth.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problems to be solved
The invention proposes a kind of multiple-input multiple-output synthetic aperture radar image-forming methods, at least partly to solve in existing method
Mapping breadth caused by existing antenna area is small is small, and gain is low, imaging capability, and the coding staff that tradition MIMO-SAR is used
Formula OFDM-chirp, OFDM-chirp can not really realize the problem of high score wide cut mapping.
(2) technical solution
In one aspect of the invention, a kind of multiple-input multiple-output synthetic aperture radar image-forming method, comprising:
Parameter is set, and the parameter includes orientation transmitting antenna number, distance to subband number, distance to array element
Several and orientation receiving antenna number；
According to the orientation transmitting antenna number, the orthogonal multi-dimensional waveform encoded signal of respective numbers is determined；
According to distance to subband number, transmitted waveform of the distance to array element is determined；
Scene to be imaged is transmitted a signal to according to the encoded signal and transmitted waveform；
Receive the signal through object to be imaged reflection after signal and sampled；
Based on the signal sampled, by airspace filter, multiple distances are separated to the reflection echo of subband；
By frequency domain filtering, the multiple distance is further separated to the reflection echo of subband, promoted those distances to
Isolation between subband signal；
Distance after separation is demodulated to the reflection echo of subband, so that it is corresponding to obtain each orientation transmitting antenna
Reception echo；
It is received back Pohle to described and is imaged with multiple-input multiple-output synthetic aperture radar image-forming method.
In further embodiment, the orthogonal multi-dimensional waveform encoded signal is orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-linear frequency modulation letter
Number, expression formula are as follows:
Wherein,For linear FM signal, rect () is rectangular window function, value
It is 1 in [0,1] section, is 0 in other sections,Indicate Kronecker product, krFor the frequency modulation rate of linear FM signal, T is indicated
The period of single linear FM signal, M are orthogonal multi-dimensional waveform encoded signal number, and the meaning of the expression formula is linearly to adjust
Frequency signal is modulated by OFDM, becomes M orthogonal waveforms, and pass through M different orientation transmitting antenna transmittings.
In further embodiment, the distance is not overlapped to sub-bands of frequencies range.
In further embodiment, transmitted waveform expression formula of the distance to array element are as follows:
Wherein, N is distance to subband number；
fi, i=1,2 ..., N are distance to subband center frequency；
λi, i=1,2 ..., N distance is to the corresponding wavelength of subband center frequency；
L is distance to element number of array；
D is distance to array element spacing；
SaFor orthogonal multi-dimensional waveform encoded signal；
θci, i=1,2..., N is angle of the distance to subband wave beam and aerial array normal orientation；
Sofi, i=1,2 ..., N are distance to the corresponding transmitting signal of subband.
In further embodiment, each distance obtains normalization antenna direction after synthesizing to the transmitted waveform of array element
Figure, expression formula are as follows:
Wherein, d is distance to array element spacing；
L is distance to element number of array；
θci, i=1,2..., N is angle of the distance to subband wave beam and orientation transmitting antenna array normal orientation；
λi, i=1,2 ..., N distance is to the corresponding wavelength of subband center frequency.
In further embodiment, the airspace filter is that each distance received is weighted processing to array element, from
And the signal of corresponding beam position is obtained, weighting matrix expression formula are as follows:
D is distance to array element spacing；
L is distance to element number of array；
θci, i=1,2..., N is angle of the distance to subband wave beam and orientation transmitting antenna array normal orientation；
λi, i=1,2 ..., N distance is to the corresponding wavelength of subband center frequency.
Each distance received is expressed after airspace filter to array element signals are as follows:
[sr] indicates reception signal of the distance to array element；
Sri, i=1,2..., N indicate each distance to the echo after sub-band filter.
In further embodiment, expression formula of the distance to subband signal after the frequency domain filtering are as follows:
SRi=IFFT (FFT (Sri)·Hi)
FFT () indicates Fourier transformation；
IFFT () indicates inverse Fourier transform；
Wherein, HiFor distance to subband center frequency be fiBandpass filter.
In further embodiment, the distance by after separation is demodulated to the reflection echo of subband, comprising: will be empty
Signal after domain filtering and frequency domain filtering carries out Fourier transformation, according to the characteristic that OFDM-chirp is modulated, in frequency domain to signal
It is extracted, thus the reception signal of each orientation transmitting antenna after being demodulated.
In further embodiment, the multiple-input multiple-output synthetic aperture radar algorithm include range-doppler algorithm,
Chirp Scaling algorithm or ω k algorithm.
(3) beneficial effect
The present invention is based on orientation multi-dimensional waveform encoded signal and digital beam-forming technology is received and dispatched, orientation is using more
Waveform coding signal is tieed up, distance receives and dispatches digital beam-forming technology, increasing while meeting orientation high-resolution to use
The detection efficient of synthetic aperture radar can be improved to mapping bandwidth in big distance.
The present invention, which utilizes, is based on orientation multi-dimensional waveform encoded signal, such as OFDM-chirp signal, can satisfy MIMO-
The orthogonal demand of SAR orientation signal；But tradition OFDM-chirp signal has its intrinsic range ambiguity characteristic, and only
The demand of high s/n ratio in practice is unable to satisfy using digital beam-forming technology, so the present invention proposes a kind of distance to transmitting-receiving
Digital beam forming technique may be implemented big antenna area while observe wide swath, increases under conditions of high signal/noise ratio
Wide swath breadth.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of multiple-input multiple-output synthetic aperture radar image-forming method of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the MIMO-SAR schematic diagram that the hair of method orientation 48 is received in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the actual measurement SAR imaging results of In Zhuhai Region.
Fig. 4 A is the result figure directly using echo-signal imaging.
Fig. 4 B is that only receiving end uses digital beam forming method imaging results figure.
Fig. 4 C is method imaging results figure in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is the comparison diagram of method and conventional method in terms of signal-to-noise ratio in Fig. 1.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference
Attached drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
The invention proposes a kind of multiple-input multiple-output synthetic aperture radar image-forming method, Fig. 1 is that the embodiment of the present invention is a kind of more
The hair flow charts for receiving synthetic aperture radar imaging method more, as shown in Figure 1, comprising:
Step A: setting parameter, the parameter include orientation transmitting antenna number M, distance to subband number N and connect
Receive antenna number P；Wherein, Fig. 2 is the MIMO-SAR schematic diagram that the hair of method orientation 48 is received in Fig. 1, as shown in Fig. 2, in this hair
In bright example embodiment, orientation transmitting antenna M is 4, and distance is 4 to subband N, and orientation receiving antenna P is 8
MIMO-SAR imaging method, in other embodiments of the invention, the value of M, N and the P meet M >=2, N >=2, P >=2.
Step B: according to the orientation transmitting antenna number M, the orthogonal multi-dimensional waveform encoded signal of respective numbers is determined；
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the number M of orthogonal multi-dimensional waveform encoded signal is 4；
According to OFDM-chirp signal generator matrix:
As orientation transmitting antenna M=4, emit time-domain signal form are as follows:
Wherein krIndicate frequency modulation rate, T is the pulse length of the linear FM signal of modulation, and transmitting signal pulsewidth is 4T.It is right
The frequency domain presentation answered are as follows:
By frequency-domain expression it is found that it is completely orthogonal, the corresponding frequency point of extraction when demodulation that 4 road signals are in frequency domain
Information can recover corresponding transmitting signal completely.
Step C: according to distance to subband number N, transmitted waveform of the designed distance to each array element；
As N=4, centre frequency is respectively fi, i=1,2 ..., N, corresponding wavelength is λi, i=1,2 ..., N,
Antenna along distance to element number of array be L, array element spacing be d, corresponding orthogonal waveforms encoded signal be Sa, then distance is to realization
Multiple sub-band divisions can use following manner:
Distance can be indicated to the transmitting signal of each array element are as follows:
The normalization antenna radiation pattern of synthesis can indicate are as follows:
Step D: transmitting module transmits a signal to object to be imaged according to the encoded signal and transmitted waveform；
Step E: for the signal after object to be imaged reflection, receiving module receives the signal, and is transmitted to processing system
It is sampled；
Step F: processing system is based on the signal sampled, by airspace filter, by multiple distances being reflected back to subband
Wavelength-division from；
The mode of airspace filter is that L array element received signal is weighted processing, is referred to obtain corresponding wave beam
To signal.Corresponding weighting matrix can indicate are as follows:
Assuming that the reception signal of each array element is srm, then pass through the later signal of airspace filter are as follows:
Step G: processing system is further separated the multiple distance to the reflection echo of subband by frequency domain filtering,
Those distances are promoted to the isolation between subband signal；
The signal later to airspace filter makees frequency domain filtering, obtained signal are as follows:
SRi=IFFT (FFT (Sri)·Hi)
Wherein FFT () indicates Fourier transformation；
IFFT () indicates inverse Fourier transform；
HiIt is f for center frequencyiBandpass filter.Its bandpass range should be slightly bigger than the bandwidth of signal without regard to hair
Raw aliasing.
Step H: processing system demodulates the distance after separation to the reflection echo of subband, to obtain each orientation
To the corresponding reception echo of transmitting antenna；
Due to the corresponding frequency domain presentation of transmitting signal are as follows:
So to signal SR is receivediAfter carrying out FFT, then carries out the extraction of the corresponding frequency point of frequency domain and can demodulate correspondence
Orientation orthogonal signalling.
Step I: processing system is received back Pohle and is imaged with traditional MIMO-SAR imaging method to described；In this hair
In bright example embodiment, the algorithm that the MIMO-SAR is used includes range-doppler algorithm, Chirp Scaling algorithm
Or ω k algorithm.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, also pass through emulation data verification the present embodiment MIMO-SAR imaging method
Validity.
Fig. 3 is the SAR imaging results of In Zhuhai Region actual measurement；Fig. 4 A is the result figure directly using echo-signal imaging；Figure
4B is that only receiving end uses digital beam forming method imaging results figure；Fig. 4 C is using the method for the present invention result figure；From figure
As can be seen that apparent using method imaging results of the invention, imaging effect is more preferable.
Fig. 5 is the comparison diagram of method and conventional method in terms of signal-to-noise ratio in Fig. 1, when signal-to-noise ratio increases with mapping breadth
Variation tendency.In the case where most very much not signal-to-noise ratio is 30dB within blurred bandwidth, with the increase of mapping breadth, the present invention
Method signal-to-noise ratio decrease speed well below using conventional method signal-to-noise ratio decrease speed.It can be seen that method of the invention
Have greatly improved in terms of signal-to-noise ratio compared to conventional method.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out further in detail the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
Describe in detail bright, it should be understood that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, it is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in protection of the invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of multiple-input multiple-output synthetic aperture radar image-forming method, comprising:
Parameter is set, the parameter includes orientation transmitting antenna number, distance to subband number, distance to element number of array, with
And orientation receiving antenna number；
According to the orientation transmitting antenna number, the orthogonal multi-dimensional waveform encoded signal of respective numbers is determined；
According to distance to subband number, transmitted waveform of the distance to array element is determined；
Scene to be imaged is transmitted a signal to according to the encoded signal and transmitted waveform；
Receive the signal through object to be imaged reflection after signal and sampled；
Based on the signal sampled, by airspace filter, multiple distances are separated to the reflection echo of subband；
By frequency domain filtering, the multiple distance is further separated to the reflection echo of subband, promotes those distances to subband
Isolation between signal；
Distance after separation is demodulated to the reflection echo of subband, to obtain that each orientation transmitting antenna is corresponding to be connect
Withdraw wave；
It is received back Pohle to described and is imaged with multiple-input multiple-output synthetic aperture radar image-forming method.
2. imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the orthogonal multi-dimensional waveform encoded signal is orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
With-linear FM signal, expression formula are as follows:
Wherein,For linear FM signal, rect () is rectangular window function, value [0,
1] section is 1, is 0 in other sections,Indicate Kronecker product, krFor the frequency modulation rate of linear FM signal, T indicates single line
Property FM signal period, M be orthogonal multi-dimensional waveform encoded signal number.
3. imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the distance is not overlapped to sub-bands of frequencies range.
4. imaging method according to claim 3, wherein transmitted waveform expression formula of the distance to array element are as follows:
Wherein, N is distance to subband number；
fi, i=1,2 ..., N are distance to subband center frequency；
λi, i=1,2 ..., N distance is to the corresponding wavelength of subband center frequency；
L is distance to element number of array；
D is distance to array element spacing
SaFor orthogonal multi-dimensional waveform encoded signal；
θci, i=1,2..., N is angle of the distance to subband wave beam and aerial array normal orientation；
Safi, i=1,2 ..., N are distance to the corresponding transmitting signal of subband.
5. imaging method according to claim 4, wherein each distance is returned after synthesizing to the transmitted waveform of array element
One changes antenna radiation pattern, expression formula are as follows:
D is distance to array element spacing；
L is distance to element number of array；
θci, i=1,2..., N is angle of the distance to subband wave beam and orientation transmitting antenna array normal orientation；
λi, i=1,2 ..., N distance is to the corresponding wavelength of subband center frequency.
6. imaging method according to claim 5, wherein the airspace filter be will each distance that receive to array element into
Row weighting processing, so that the signal of corresponding beam position is obtained, weighting matrix expression formula are as follows:
D is distance to array element spacing；
L is distance to element number of array；
θci, i=1,2..., N is angle of the distance to subband wave beam and orientation transmitting antenna array normal orientation；
λi, i=1,2 ..., N distance is to the corresponding wavelength of subband center frequency.Each distance received is to array element signals by empty
It is expressed after the filtering of domain are as follows:
Sri=[sr1 sr2 ... srL]Vi T。
[sr] indicates reception signal of the distance to array element；
Sri, i=1,2..., N indicate each distance to the echo after sub-band filter.
7. imaging method according to claim 4, wherein expression formula of the distance to subband signal after the frequency domain filtering
Are as follows:
SRi=IFFT (FFT (Sri)·Hi)
FFT () indicates Fourier transformation；
IFFT () indicates inverse Fourier transform；
Wherein, HiFor distance to subband center frequency be fiBandpass filter.
8. imaging method described in claim 1, wherein the distance by after separation is solved to the reflection echo of subband
It adjusts, comprising:
Signal after airspace filter and frequency domain filtering is subjected to Fourier transformation, according to the characteristic that OFDM-chirp is modulated, in frequency
Signal is extracted in domain, thus the reception signal of each orientation transmitting antenna after being demodulated.
9. imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the multiple-input multiple-output synthetic aperture radar algorithm includes distance-
Range and Doppler, Chirp Scaling algorithm or ω k algorithm.
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| CN111580077A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-25 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三研究所 | Early warning equipment and method for detecting small target sonar |
| CN112180367A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-01-05 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Echo separation method, device and terminal of multi-input multi-output synthetic aperture radar |
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