CN110333016A - Stress sensing device and demodulation method based on Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer - Google Patents
Stress sensing device and demodulation method based on Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L11/00—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00
- G01L11/02—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00 by optical means
- G01L11/025—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00 by optical means using a pressure-sensitive optical fibre
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Abstract
The present disclosure proposes stress sensing device and demodulation method based on Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer, sequentially connected wideband light source, Sagnac interferometer, fiber mode interferometers, signal processing unit；Wherein, the fiber mode interferometer is made of incident single mode optical fiber, less fundamental mode optical fibre, outgoing single mode optical fiber, and Sagnac interferometer realizes optical vernier effect as sensing interferometer, the two cascade as reference interferometer, fiber mode interferometer；The envelope numerical value change of Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer is observed by signal processing unit, realizes sensing and demodulating.The disclosure utilizes the polarization insensitive characteristic of less fundamental mode optical fibre, and can avoid sensor is influenced by the extraneous perturbation such as small air-flow, micro-vibration；It realizes sensing and demodulating by observing the envelope numerical value change of Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer using optical vernier effect, has the characteristics that prepare simple, low in cost, high sensitivity.
Description
Technical field
This disclosure relates to technical field of optical fiber sensing, more particularly to the stress sensing based on Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer
Device and demodulation method.
Background technique
The effect that can not be despised is played in fields, fibre optical sensors such as circumference security protection, building condition monitorings.Pass through sight
The real-time measurement of the physical quantitys such as temperature, stress, magnetic field may be implemented in the variation of light signal intensity, phase or wavelength, has spirit
The features such as sensitivity height, electromagnetism interference, reusable.
In existing patent, CN201810417535.7 proposes the temperature based on less fundamental mode optical fibre and fiber bragg grating and splits
Sensor is stitched, the variation of extraneous parameter to be measured is read by spectral drift, but the sensitivity that the sensor is able to achieve is unable to satisfy
The demand of hypersensitivity application scenarios.
CN201520569981.1 proposes a kind of temperature sensing device based on micro-nano fiber Mach-Zehnder interference,
Sensitivity is improved by introducing the micro-nano fiber formed after fused biconical taper, but uses Mach-Zehnder structure and to sense
Device is influenced vulnerable to microvibration, increases systematic error.
In order to further increase the sensitivity of fibre optical sensor, the fibre optical sensor based on optical vernier effect is mentioned in succession
Out.Sensors with auxiliary electrode generally comprises a sensing interferometer and a reference interferometer, and sensing interferometer is by external environment parameter
It influences, spectrum modulated by parameter to be measured, and reference interferometer is by external environment parameter influence, and spectrum is fixed.If sensing is dry
The free sound interval range of interferometer is FSR1, the free sound interval range of reference interferometer is FSR2, then the envelope for cascading spectrum has:
For the fibre optical sensor based on optical vernier effect, the usually wave crest by observation cascade spectrum or trough drift
In-migration realizes sensing and demodulating.
CN201710982677.3 proposes a kind of Sagnac ring and the concatenated spectrographic detection temperature sensor of FP chamber, can be real
Existing highly sensitive temperature measurement.
CN201711315562.5 proposes a kind of optical fiber FP baroceptor with optical vernier effect, passes through cascade
Two FP chambers realize air pressure sensing.
But used FP chamber manufacturing process is cumbersome in the sensor.In addition, about answering using optical vernier effect
Force snesor report is very few.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this specification embodiment is to provide the stress sensing device based on Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer, has
High sensitivity, not vulnerable to extraneous microvibration etc. influence, make simple strain gauge equipment.
This specification embodiment provides the stress sensing device based on Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer, passes through following technology
Scheme is realized:
It include: sequentially connected wideband light source, Sagnac interferometer, fiber mode interferometer, signal processing unit；
Wherein, the fiber mode interferometer is made of incident single mode optical fiber, less fundamental mode optical fibre, outgoing single mode optical fiber, incident
The output end of single mode optical fiber is connected by way of axile displacement welding with one end of less fundamental mode optical fibre, and the other end of less fundamental mode optical fibre is logical
The mode for crossing axial face welding is connected with the input terminal of outgoing single mode optical fiber；Sagnac interferometer is as reference interferometer, light
Fine mode interferometer realizes optical vernier effect as sensing interferometer, the two cascade；It is observed and being mixed by signal processing unit
The envelope numerical value change of cascaded optical fiber interferometer realizes sensing and demodulating.
Further technical solution, it is described incidence single mode optical fiber output end by way of axile displacement welding with few mould
One end of optical fiber is connected, wherein axile displacement offset is between 5 microns to 15 microns.
Further technical solution, the free sound interval range of the Sagnac interferometer are FSRSI, fiber mode interferometer
Free sound interval range be FSRFMI；
FSRSI/FSRFMI=1.1, FSRSI/FSRFMI=1.2, FSRSI/FSRFMI=2.1, FSRSI/FSRFMI=0.9 or
FSRSI/FSRFMI=0.6.
This specification embodiment provides the demodulation method of the stress sensing device based on Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer, leads to
Cross following technical scheme realization:
Sagnac interferometer is realized as reference interferometer, fiber mode interferometer as sensing interferometer, the two cascade
Optical vernier effect；
The free sound interval range of Sagnac interferometer is FSRSI, the free sound interval range of fiber mode interferometer is FSRFMI,
The envelope that spectrum is cascaded under original state is FSREnvelope, have:
Wherein λ is incident optical signal wavelength, Δ neffFor the effective refractive index between different mode in fiber mode interferometer
Difference, L are less fundamental mode optical fibre length；
When fiber mode interferometer is by stress, the presence of elasto-optical effect leads to different moulds in fiber mode interferometer
Effective refractive index difference between formula is led to the free sound interval range and cascade spectrum of fiber mode interferometer by stress modulation
For envelope by stress modulation, sensing and demodulating is can be realized in the envelope numerical value change by observing Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the disclosure is:
The disclosure utilizes the polarization insensitive characteristic of less fundamental mode optical fibre, and it is outer by small air-flow, micro-vibration etc. to can avoid sensor
The influence of boundary's perturbation；It realizes and passes by observing the envelope numerical value change of Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer using optical vernier effect
Sense demodulation, has the characteristics that prepare simple, low in cost, high sensitivity.
Detailed description of the invention
The Figure of description for constituting a part of this disclosure is used to provide further understanding of the disclosure, and the disclosure is shown
Meaning property embodiment and its explanation do not constitute the improper restriction to the disclosure for explaining the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of stress sensing device of the embodiment of the present disclosure based on Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer；
Fig. 2 is the fiber mode interferometer structure schematic diagram that the embodiment of the present disclosure provides；
Fig. 3 is the interferometer spectral schematic that the embodiment of the present disclosure provides；
In figure: 1, wideband light source 1；2, Sagnac interferometer；3, fiber mode interferometer；4, signal processing unit；31, enter
Penetrate single mode optical fiber；32, less fundamental mode optical fibre；33, it is emitted single mode optical fiber；34, axile displacement offset.
Specific embodiment
It is noted that following detailed description is all illustrative, it is intended to provide further instruction to the disclosure.Unless another
It indicates, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with disclosure person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the disclosure.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singular
Also it is intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " packet
Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or their combination.
Examples of implementation one
The sensor based on optical vernier effect occurred in the past is mostly temperature sensor, but less fundamental mode optical fibre is to temperature
Sensitivity is not high, so having carried out sensing measurement and analysis to stress using less fundamental mode optical fibre in this application.
This embodiment disclose the stress sensing devices based on Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer, dry based on Mixed cascading optical fiber
The stress sensing device and demodulation method of interferometer, stress sensing device structural schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1, include wideband light source 1,
Sagnac interferometer 2, fiber mode interferometer 3, signal processing unit 4, the output end and Sagnac interferometer 2 of wideband light source 1
Input terminal be connected, the output end of Sagnac interferometer 2 is connected with the input terminal of fiber mode interferometer 3, fiber mode interfere
The output end of instrument 3 is connected with the input terminal of signal processing unit 4.
When it is implemented, wideband light source 1 is used to provide the optical signal in broadband range.
Sagnac interferometer 2 is used as reference interferometer, it will be appreciated that for the main shaft on vernier caliper, its transmission spectrum is fixed
Constant.
Fiber mode interferometer 3 is used as sensing interferometer, is influenced by parameter to be measured (such as temperature, stress), it
Transmission spectrum can be with stress variation.
Signal processing unit 4 is differentiated for receiving optical signal and reads Sagnac interferometer 2 and fiber mode interferometer 3
The free sound interval range (FSR) of the envelope of spectrum after cascade realizes the measurement to parameter to be measured with this.
In specific embodiment, referring to shown in attached drawing 2, fiber mode interferometer 3 is by incident single mode optical fiber 31, less fundamental mode optical fibre
32, outgoing single mode optical fiber 33 is constituted, and the output end of incident single mode optical fiber 31 is by way of axile displacement welding and less fundamental mode optical fibre
32 end a is connected, and axile displacement offset 34 is 5 microns, and the end b of less fundamental mode optical fibre 32 is by way of axial face welding and out
The input terminal for penetrating single mode optical fiber 33 is connected, specific as shown in Figure 2；Sagnac interferometer 2 is used as reference interferometer, and fiber mode is dry
Interferometer 3 is used as sensing interferometer, and the two cascade realizes that optical vernier effect, the free sound interval range of Sagnac interferometer are
FSRSI, the free sound interval range of fiber mode interferometer is FSRFMI, meet FSRSI/FSRFMI=1.1；Pass through signal processing list
Member 4 observes the envelope numerical value change of Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer, realizes sensing and demodulating.
In the examples of implementation, axile displacement welding is carried out, the striped of the interference spectrum of fiber mode interferometer 3 can be made
Contrast is bigger, can more clearly differentiate the FSR of spectral envelope after cascade.If not carrying out axile displacement welding, striped
The general 3-5dB of contrast.After dislocation welding, fringe contrast up to 10dB or more, specific value by dislocation welding distance and
Incident single mode optical fiber 31, less fundamental mode optical fibre 32, the parameter decision for being emitted single mode optical fiber 33.
In the examples of implementation, the end b of less fundamental mode optical fibre 32 by way of axial face welding with outgoing single mode optical fiber 33
Input terminal be connected, face welding be in order to reduce loss.Because the fibre core of two sections of optical fiber is not aligned with when dislocation welding,
The power of optical signal can decline, if two sections of very possible power losses of whole dislocation weldings, so that not observing spectrum.
In specific embodiment, incident single mode optical fiber 31, less fundamental mode optical fibre 32, outgoing single mode optical fiber 33 are all Jie for transmitting light
Matter, wherein incident single mode optical fiber 31 and outgoing single mode optical fiber 33 only transmit basic mode, less fundamental mode optical fibre 32 not only can transmit basic mode also
High-order mode can be transmitted.These three are combined in sequence, the basic mode in incident single mode optical fiber 31 can be made in few mould light
It is different that the transmission of high-order mode, high-order mode and basic mode in less fundamental mode optical fibre 32 is inspired in fibre 32, so working as high-order mode and base
Mould can observe the interference phenomenon of light when being all transferred in outgoing single mode optical fiber 33.Principle can refer to paper: Zheng
J,Pei L,Ning T,et al.Matching optimization for SFS-structured interferometers
with step-index fibers[J].Optics express,2018,26(7):9182。
In another examples of implementation, axile displacement offset 34 is 7 microns, FSRSI/FSRFMI=1.2.
In another examples of implementation, axile displacement offset 34 is 9 microns, FSRSI/FSRFMI=2.1.
In another examples of implementation, axile displacement offset 34 is 9 microns, FSRSI/FSRFMI=2.1.
In another examples of implementation, axile displacement offset 34 is 15 microns, FSRSI/FSRFMI=0.9.
In another examples of implementation, axile displacement offset 34 is 10 microns, FSRSI/FSRFMI=0.6.
In another examples of implementation, axile displacement offset 34 is 11 microns, FSRSI/FSRFMI=0.6.
In above-described embodiment, as long as FSRSI/FSRFMIRatio can be obvious in the range of 0.5-2 sight
The cursor effect of cascade spectrum is measured, for ratio closer to 1, the envelope for cascading spectrum is bigger, the amplification factor of last sensitivity
Also bigger.
The disclosure sensing device has the simple feature of high sensitivity, preparation method.In addition, utilizing the inclined of less fundamental mode optical fibre
It shakes insensitive characteristic, can avoid sensor is influenced by the extraneous perturbation such as small air-flow, micro-vibration.
Examples of implementation two
The demodulation method of stress sensing device based on Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer, the free sound interval of Sagnac interferometer
Range is FSRSI, the free sound interval range of fiber mode interferometer is FSRFMI, the envelope that spectrum is cascaded under original state is
FSREnvelope, have:
Wherein, λ is incident optical signal wavelength, Δ neffFor effective refraction between different mode in fiber mode interferometer
Rate is poor, and L is less fundamental mode optical fibre length.
When fiber mode interferometer is by stress, the presence of elasto-optical effect leads to different moulds in fiber mode interferometer
Effective refractive index difference between formula is led to the free sound interval range and cascade spectrum of fiber mode interferometer by stress modulation
Envelope is by stress modulation.Sensing and demodulating can be realized in envelope numerical value change by observing Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer.
Received Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer is optical signal.Firstly, reading two interferometer (Sagnac interferometers 2；Light
Fine mode interferometer 3) the later spectrum of cascade, it is that have a periodic envelope, similar to Figure 3.Sagnac interference
Instrument 2 is it can be seen that this spectrum has many peaks, but the amplitude at each peak is different, and two the smallest peaks of amplitude is taken to be considered as cascade
The trough (position of white line is two troughs in Fig. 3) of envelope, light after the wavelength subtraction of two adjacent troughs is just cascaded
The free sound interval range (FSR) of spectrum envelope.FSR is obtained to be equivalent to obtain stress information.
Exist in existing patent using be that the drift of the single trough of envelope carries out the reading of parameter to be measured, amplification factor isAnd this embodiment example, it is the FSR for reading envelope, amplification factor is much higher than M.And existing patent to spectrum into
Row Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtained frequency spectrum have 3 cluster frequency contents, then obtain cascade vernier in progress inverse Fourier transform
The envelope of spectrum；And apply not needing to carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), directly cascade vernier spectrum is read out and data
It extracts, specific processing mode is different.
It is understood that in the description of this specification, reference term " embodiment ", " another embodiment ", " other
The description of embodiment " or " first embodiment~N embodiment " etc. means specific spy described in conjunction with this embodiment or example
Sign, structure, material or feature are included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.In the present specification, to above-mentioned
The schematic representation of term may not refer to the same embodiment or example.Moreover, the specific features of description, structure, material
The characteristics of can be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more of the embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is merely preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, are not limited to the disclosure, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the disclosure can have various modifications and variations.It is all within the spirit and principle of the disclosure, it is made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the protection scope of the disclosure.
Claims (7)
1. the stress sensing device based on Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer, characterized in that include: sequentially connected wideband light source,
Sagnac interferometer, fiber mode interferometer, signal processing unit；
Wherein, the fiber mode interferometer is made of incident single mode optical fiber, less fundamental mode optical fibre, outgoing single mode optical fiber, incident single mode
The output end of optical fiber is connected by way of axile displacement welding with one end of less fundamental mode optical fibre, and the other end of less fundamental mode optical fibre passes through axis
It is connected to the mode of face welding with the input terminal of outgoing single mode optical fiber；Sagnac interferometer is as reference interferometer, optical fiber mode
Formula interferometer realizes optical vernier effect as sensing interferometer, the two cascade；Mixed cascading is observed by signal processing unit
The envelope numerical value change of fibre optic interferometer realizes sensing and demodulating.
2. the stress sensing device as described in claim 1 based on Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer, characterized in that the incidence
The output end of single mode optical fiber is connected by way of axile displacement welding with one end of less fundamental mode optical fibre, wherein axile displacement offset
Amount is between 5 microns to 15 microns.
3. the stress sensing device as described in claim 1 based on Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer, characterized in that the incidence
Single mode optical fiber, less fundamental mode optical fibre, outgoing single mode optical fiber are all the media for transmitting light, wherein incident single mode optical fiber and outgoing single mode optical fiber
Basic mode is only transmitted, less fundamental mode optical fibre, which can not only transmit basic mode, can also transmit high-order mode.
4. the stress sensing device as claimed in claim 3 based on Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer, characterized in that will be incident single
Mode fiber, less fundamental mode optical fibre, outgoing single mode optical fiber combine in sequence, and the basic mode in incident single mode optical fiber can be made in few mould
High-order mode is inspired in optical fiber, the transmission of high-order mode and basic mode in less fundamental mode optical fibre is different, so working as high-order mode and basic mode
The interference phenomenon of light can be observed when being all transferred in outgoing single mode optical fiber.
5. the stress sensing device as described in claim 1 based on Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer, characterized in that the optical fiber
The fringe contrast numerical value of the interference spectrum of mode interferometer by the distance of dislocation welding and incident single mode optical fiber, less fundamental mode optical fibre, go out
The parameter for penetrating single mode optical fiber determines.
6. the stress sensing device as described in claim 1 based on Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer, characterized in that described
The free sound interval range of Sagnac interferometer is FSRSI, the free sound interval range of fiber mode interferometer is FSRFMI；
FSRSI/FSRFMI=1.1, FSRSI/FSRFMI=1.2, FSRSI/FSRFMI=2.1, FSRSI/FSRFMI=0.9 or FSRSI/
FSRFMI=0.6.
7. the demodulation method of the stress sensing device based on Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer, characterized in that
Sagnac interferometer realizes optics as sensing interferometer, the two cascade as reference interferometer, fiber mode interferometer
Cursor effect；
The free sound interval range of Sagnac interferometer is FSRSI, the free sound interval range of fiber mode interferometer is FSRFMI, initially
The envelope that spectrum is cascaded under state is FSREnvelope, have:
Wherein λ is incident optical signal wavelength, Δ neffEffective refractive index between different mode in fiber mode interferometer is poor, L
For less fundamental mode optical fibre length；
When fiber mode interferometer is by stress, the presence of elasto-optical effect cause in fiber mode interferometer different mode it
Between effective refractive index difference by stress modulation, and then cause fiber mode interferometer free sound interval range and cascade spectral envelope
By stress modulation, sensing and demodulating is can be realized in the envelope numerical value change by observing Mixed cascading fibre optic interferometer.
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