CN110332888A - A kind of rock mass discontinuity spatial position measuring device and measurement method - Google Patents
A kind of rock mass discontinuity spatial position measuring device and measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110332888A CN110332888A CN201910614690.2A CN201910614690A CN110332888A CN 110332888 A CN110332888 A CN 110332888A CN 201910614690 A CN201910614690 A CN 201910614690A CN 110332888 A CN110332888 A CN 110332888A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to engineering geologic investigation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of rock mass discontinuity spatial position measuring device and measurement method.Apparatus of the present invention include: tripod, precision level, accurate compass, disk, micro-distancer.The method of the present invention includes the following steps: to choose suitable survey station first, then disk measuring table is assembled, disk is adjusted horizontal, fixed point on disk is directed toward magnetic north direction, on measure center and disk on point to the structural plane of two central angles in 90 ° 6 not conllinear dew points distance, then the rectangular space coordinate for calculating not collinear points on structural plane, is finally fitted the plane equation of structural plane.Apparatus of the present invention are easy, it is easy to operate efficiently, be convenient for in-site measurement, there is good engineer application meaning.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to engineering geologic investigation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of rock mass discontinuity spatial position measuring device
And measurement method.
Background technique
In geotechnical engineerings fields such as mining, tunnel excavation, radioactive waste repository research and development, rock mass structure EDS maps
Situation is one of principal element of engineering stability.Three-dimensional fracture network modeling technique and rock mass discontinuity investigation need to obtain knot
The spatial position in structure face or occurrence.Rock mass discontinuity measurement method mainly has scan line method, window statistic law, drilling orientation to take at present
Core method, photogrammetry, 3 D laser scanning method etc..Scan line method and window statistic law are by tape measure and compass contact measurement knot
Structure face, it is this method low efficiency, time-consuming and the structural plane for being difficult to contact can not be measured.Drilling orientation core sample method passes through to measurement rock
Cored structure face obtains occurrence, and this method accuracy is lower, measurement range is limited.Photogrammetry and 3 D laser scanning method are all logical
Cross untouchable high precision mapping, photographic equipment, complicated for operation, the heavy valuableness of equipment.Therefore one kind is researched and developed to be simple and efficient, just
The rock mass discontinuity spatial position measuring device and measurement method measured on site has important engineer application meaning.
Summary of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that:
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of rock mass discontinuity spatial position measuring device and measurement side
Method, measuring device is simple and direct, is easy to carry about with one, and measurement method is simple, is not necessarily to contact structures face, it is easy to accomplish, it is high-efficient, be able to solve
The big problem of traditional structure face investigation method low efficiency, cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
A kind of rock mass discontinuity spatial position measuring device, comprising: tripod, precision level, accurate compass, circle
Disk, micro-distancer；Disk bottom surface the center point is connect with tripod；Disk upper surface is provided with level meter placing groove and compass is put
Slot is set, precision level and accurate compass are individually positioned in level meter placing groove and compass placing groove；Circle disk center O and
Surface, 3 positions O, N, E are respectively fixedly installed with micro-distancer to two point N, E labels on it on circumference.
The center of circle of central angle described N, E in 90 °, compass placing groove is located on the line of point N and circle disk center.
The beam emissions end of the micro-distancer emits light beam, and tapered head end is fixedly mounted on 3 points of O, N, E on disk.
A kind of rock mass discontinuity method for measuring spatial location, includes the following steps:
Step 1: suitable first survey station is chosen；
Step 2: installation disk measuring table；
Step 3: disk measuring table is adjusted, separate space rectangular coordinate system is established；
Step 4: the distance of 6 not conllinear dew points on O, N, E to structural plane is measured respectively；
Step 5: the rectangular space coordinate of not collinear points on structural plane is calculated；
Step 6: it is fitted the plane equation of structural plane；
Step 7: step 4 is repeated to step 6, measures the plane equation in other structures face within the scope of survey station.
In the step 1, to consider the intervisibility situation of structural plane trace and survey station on rock mass, rangefinder light cannot be influenced
The transmitting and receiving of beam, are easy to fixed tripod.
In the step 2, disk is installed on tripod, level meter and compass be individually placed to level meter placing groove and
Compass placing groove is placed in first survey station position.
In the step 3, disc level, compass is set to be directed toward disk N point, and establish by adjusting tripod and disk
One using O as the center of circle, ON is positive direction of the x-axis, and OE is the rectangular coordinate system in space of positive direction of the y-axis.
In the step 4, the tapered end of rangefinder is separately fixed at the position O, N, E, rotation rangefinder divergent-ray measure O,
N, on E to structural plane 6 not conllinear dew points distance.
In the step 5, the space of measuring point on structural plane is calculated using geometrical principles such as three cosine laws, the cosine laws
Rectangular co-ordinate；Formula are as follows:
Wherein x is the x coordinate of measuring point, unit dm；Y is the y-coordinate of measuring point, unit dm；Z is the z coordinate of measuring point, single
Position is dm；S is distance of the center of circle O to measuring point, unit dm；L is distance of the point E to measuring point, unit dm；M is point N to measuring point
Distance, unit dm.
In the step 7, the coordinate fitting that structural plane is surveyed six points using matlab software is obtained at a plane
Obtain plane equation:
Ax+By+Cz+D=0
Wherein A, B, C, D are equation parameter, and A, B, C are not 0 simultaneously.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
A kind of rock mass discontinuity spatial position measuring device provided by the invention and measurement method, measuring device are simple and direct, easy
In carrying, measurement method is simple, is not necessarily to contact structures face, it is easy to accomplish, it is high-efficient, be able to solve traditional structure face investigation method
The big problem of low efficiency, cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of rock mass discontinuity spatial position measuring schematic device provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is measuring device disk platform schematic top plan view of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the rangefinder schematic diagram that the present invention designs.
Wherein: 1 being tripod, 2 be precision level, 3 be accurate compass, 4 be disk, 5 be micro-distancer frame, 6
For on structural plane measuring point, 7 be level meter placing groove, 8 be compass placing groove, 9 be beam emissions end, 10 be tapered head end.
Specific embodiment
In the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments to a kind of rock mass discontinuity spatial position measuring device provided by the invention
It is described in further detail with measurement method.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of rock mass discontinuity spatial position measuring device, comprising: tripod 1, precision level 2, essence
Close compass 3, disk 4, micro-distancer 5；4 bottom surface the center point of disk is connect with tripod 1；
As shown in Fig. 2, the radius of disk 4 is 10cm, two point N, E labels surface on it, N, E on center of circle O and circumference
Central angle in 90 °, 4 upper surface of disk are provided with level meter placing groove 7 and compass placing groove 8, and precision level 2 and precision refer to
Compass 3 is individually positioned in level meter placing groove 7 and compass placing groove 8, and the center of circle of compass placing groove 8 is located at point N and circle
On the line in 4 center of circle of disk；O, 3 positions N, E are respectively fixedly installed with micro-distancer 5；
As shown in figure 3, the beam emissions end 9 of micro-distancer 5 emits light beam, tapered head end 10 is fixedly mounted on disk
O, 3 points of N, E.
A kind of rock mass discontinuity method for measuring spatial location, includes the following steps:
Step 1: suitable first survey station is chosen；The intervisibility situation for considering structural plane trace and survey station on rock mass, cannot influence
The transmitting and receiving of rangefinder beam, are easy to fixed tripod 1.
Step 2: installation disk measuring table；Disk 4 is installed on tripod 1, level meter 2 and compass 3 are individually placed to
In disc slots 7,8, it is placed in first survey station position.
Step 3: disk measuring table is adjusted, separate space rectangular coordinate system is established；By adjusting tripod 1 and disk 4
So that the level of disk 4, compass 3 is directed toward disk N point, and establish one using O as the center of circle, ON is positive direction of the x-axis, and OE is that y-axis is square
To rectangular coordinate system in space.
Step 4: the distance of 6 not conllinear dew points on O, N, E to structural plane is measured respectively；The tapered end 10 of rangefinder is divided
It is not fixed on the position O, N, E, rotation rangefinder divergent-ray measures the distance of six not conllinear dew points on O, N, E to structural plane
S, m, l.
Step 5: the rectangular space coordinate of not collinear points on structural plane is calculated；It is several using three cosine laws, the cosine law etc.
What principle calculates the rectangular space coordinate (x, y, z) of measuring point on structural plane.Formula are as follows:
Wherein x is the x coordinate of measuring point, unit dm；Y is the y-coordinate of measuring point, unit dm；Z is the z coordinate of measuring point, single
Position is dm；S is distance of the center of circle O to measuring point, unit dm；L is distance of the point E to measuring point, unit dm；M is point N to measuring point
Distance, unit dm.
Step 6: it is fitted the plane equation of structural plane；The coordinate that structural plane surveys six points is intended using matlab software
A plane is synthesized, plane equation is obtained:
Ax+By+Cz+D=0
Wherein A, B, C, D are equation parameter, and A, B, C are not 0 simultaneously.
Step 7: step 4 is repeated to step 6, measures the plane equation in other structures face within the scope of survey station.
The present invention is explained in detail above in conjunction with drawings and examples, above-described embodiment be one of the invention preferably
Technical solution, but the present invention is not limited to above-described embodiments, within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art,
It can be with various changes can be made without departing from the purpose of the present invention.The content being not described in detail in the present invention can be with
Using the prior art.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of rock mass discontinuity spatial position measuring device, it is characterised in that: include: that tripod, precision level, precision refer to
Compass, disk, micro-distancer；Disk bottom surface the center point is connect with tripod；Disk upper surface be provided with level meter placing groove and
Compass placing groove, precision level and accurate compass are individually positioned in level meter placing groove and compass placing groove；Circle
Surface, 3 positions O, N, E are respectively fixedly installed with micro-distancer to two point N, E labels on it on disk center of circle O and circumference.
2. a kind of rock mass discontinuity spatial position measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described N, E at
The center of circle of 90 ° of central angle, compass placing groove is located on the line of point N and circle disk center.
3. a kind of rock mass discontinuity spatial position measuring device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the accurate survey
The beam emissions end of distance meter emits light beam, and tapered head end is fixedly mounted on 3 points of O, N, E on disk.
4. a kind of rock mass discontinuity method for measuring spatial location, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
Step 1: suitable first survey station is chosen；
Step 2: installation disk measuring table；
Step 3: disk measuring table is adjusted, separate space rectangular coordinate system is established；
Step 4: the distance of 6 not conllinear dew points on O, N, E to structural plane is measured respectively；
Step 5: the rectangular space coordinate of not collinear points on structural plane is calculated；
Step 6: it is fitted the plane equation of structural plane；
Step 7: step 4 is repeated to step 6, measures the plane equation in other structures face within the scope of survey station.
5. a kind of rock mass discontinuity method for measuring spatial location according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the step 1
In, to consider the intervisibility situation of structural plane trace and survey station on rock mass, the transmitting and receiving of rangefinder beam cannot be influenced, be easy to
Fixed tripod.
6. a kind of rock mass discontinuity method for measuring spatial location according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the step 2
In, disk is installed on tripod, level meter and compass are individually placed to level meter placing groove and compass placing groove, are placed in
First survey station position.
7. a kind of rock mass discontinuity method for measuring spatial location according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the step 3
In, so that disc level, compass is directed toward disk N point by adjusting tripod and disk, and establish one using O as the center of circle, ON x
Axis positive direction, OE are the rectangular coordinate system in space of positive direction of the y-axis.
8. a kind of rock mass discontinuity method for measuring spatial location according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the step 4
In, the tapered end of rangefinder is separately fixed at the position O, N, E, and rotation rangefinder divergent-ray measures on O, N, E to structural plane 6 not
The distance of conllinear dew point.
9. a kind of rock mass discontinuity method for measuring spatial location according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: the step 5
In, the rectangular space coordinate of measuring point on structural plane is calculated using geometrical principles such as three cosine laws, the cosine laws；Formula are as follows:
Wherein x is the x coordinate of measuring point, unit dm；Y is the y-coordinate of measuring point, unit dm；Z is the z coordinate of measuring point, and unit is
dm；S is distance of the center of circle O to measuring point, unit dm；L is distance of the point E to measuring point, unit dm；M be point N to measuring point away from
From unit dm.
10. a kind of rock mass discontinuity method for measuring spatial location according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: the step
In seven, the coordinate fitting that structural plane is surveyed six points using matlab software obtains plane equation at a plane:
Ax+By+Cz+D=0
Wherein A, B, C, D are equation parameter, and A, B, C are not 0 simultaneously.
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| CN201910614690.2A CN110332888A (en) | 2019-07-09 | 2019-07-09 | A kind of rock mass discontinuity spatial position measuring device and measurement method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114858140A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-08-05 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Point cloud coordinate transformation method and device for deep-buried tunnel structural surface based on target device |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN114858140A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-08-05 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Point cloud coordinate transformation method and device for deep-buried tunnel structural surface based on target device |
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