CN110331257B - Design method of side-blowing air gun parameters in AOD refining process - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a design method of side-blowing air gun parameters in an AOD refining process, and belongs to the technical field of molten steel refining. The technical scheme is as follows: controlling the air supply intensity of the side blowing gun to be 1.0-1.5m for cultivation/t/min; after determining the maximum flow of the side blowing gun, the specific calculation method is as follows: firstly, determining the pressure and the flow rate after the valve of the central pipe, and then selecting the number of the side blowing guns and the inner diameter of the central copper pipe to ensure that the side blowing guns meet the requirement of maximum flow; and selecting a side blowing gun protective gas cooling mode, and the width and the area of the circular seam. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the service life of the AOD furnace is prolonged, the AOD smelting period is shortened, and the consumption of AOD fuel ferrosilicon, slag lime and fluorite is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a design method of side-blowing air gun parameters in an AOD refining process, and belongs to the technical field of molten steel refining.
Background
The AOD refining process is characterized in that mixed gas of oxygen and inert gas (argon and nitrogen) is directly blown into a molten pool (below the liquid level) from the side surface of a furnace body through an air gun for refining, an adopted annular air gun (spray gun) is important equipment of the AOD refining process, the center of the annular air gun is a central copper pipe, an annular cooling circular seam is formed between the central copper pipe and an outer sleeve, and the air gun is uniformly cooled by uniformly distributing protective air flows Ar and N2 of the side air gun, so that the phenomenon that refractory materials around the air gun are seriously melted and damaged to stop the furnace due to the damage of the individual air gun is avoided; the inner diameter parameter of the central copper tube determines the maximum gas supply intensity (O2 + inert gas Ar, N2) required by smelting. The air gun in the prior art is unreasonable in parameter design, easily causes the refractory material around the air gun to be damaged by melting, has long smelting period and large heat loss, and causes the consumption of fuel ferrosilicon and slag lime to be increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a design method of side-blowing air gun parameters in an AOD refining process, which improves the furnace life of the AOD, shortens the smelting period of the AOD, reduces the consumption of ferrosilicon and slag materials of lime and fluorite of AOD fuel, and solves the technical problems in the prior art
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a design method for side-blown air gun parameters in an AOD refining process comprises the following steps:
selection of air supply intensity of the side blowing gun: controlling the air supply intensity of the side blowing gun to be 1.0-1.5m for cultivation/t/min;
selecting the number of the side blowing guns and the inner diameter of the central copper tube:
after determining the maximum flow of the side blowing gun, the specific calculation method is as follows: firstly, determining the pressure and the flow velocity after the valve of the central pipe, and then selecting the number of the side blowing guns and the inner diameter of the central copper pipe to ensure that the side blowing guns meet the requirement of maximum flow:
Q=D/2/1000×D/2/1000×3.14×10×P×U×N×60
q, maximum flow of central air flow of multiple air guns (m/min)
D, inner diameter of central copper pipe (mm)
P is the air flow entering the central tube and adjusting the pressure (MPa) behind the valve
U is the air flow entering the central tube and the flow velocity (m/s) after the valve is adjusted by the central tube
N number of side blowing guns
Thirdly, the cooling mode of the protective gas of the side blowing gun and the width and the area of the circular seam are as follows:
A. the cooling control system of each air gun is independently controlled and is provided with an independent regulating valve, so that the cooling air quantity entering each air gun is absolutely ensured to be absolutely the same, and uneven cooling is avoided, thus the uniform erosion of AOD refractory materials can be ensured, and the furnace shutdown caused by local damage is avoided;
B. width and area of cooling gas ring
Cooling gas circumferential seam width: d/h is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, wherein: d: wall thickness (mm) of the central copper tube; h, cooling gas circular seam width (mm);
cooling gas circular seam area: S/F is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, wherein: s is the cross section (mm) of the central copper tube; f: cross section of circular seam (mm).
Length selection of the side blowing gun: the length of the air gun is selected mainly according to the length of the AOD molten pool brick. Individual steelworks intentionally lengthen the furnace in order to increase the campaign, but generally do not achieve the desired results. The reason is that after the air gun is lengthened, if the pressure in front of the valve is not obviously improved, the pressure at the outlet of the air gun cannot meet the requirement, so that the air flow is intermittently sprayed, and the air gun cannot be effectively protected; according to the data, the pressure at the circular seam gas outlet is not lower than 1.9 times of the ambient pressure, otherwise, intermittent gas flow occurs. If the pressure before the valve is increased, the energy consumption of the gas is increased, the cost is increased, and therefore, the length is not increased at all, and the design parameters are mainly started.
Selection requirements for side-blowing guns:
A. the maximum inner diameter of the central copper pipe of the single air gun is not more than 18mm, otherwise, the air flow is easy to directly penetrate through a molten pool, and the gas utilization rate is reduced; meanwhile, the refractory material opposite to the air gun is easily damaged;
B. the number of air guns is generally 3, 5, 7 and 9, so that the arrangement of the air guns and the stirring of a molten pool are facilitated;
C. entering central tube gas flow, and calculating the pressure after adjusting the valve according to 1.4-1.5 MPa; the pressure before the valve is ensured to be more than 2.0MPa and not less than 1.6MPa, so that the pressure at the central airflow outlet of the side blowing gun is not less than 0.3MPa and the gun cannot be blocked;
D. entering the central pipe gas flow, wherein the flow rate can be calculated according to 120 and 130m/s after the valve is adjusted; the gas flow rate before the valve is designed to be 50 m/s.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the smelting period is shortened: especially for long-flow stainless steel factories. For example, 200 series stainless steel is produced by a blast furnace and an AOD furnace, or 300 series stainless steel is produced by a submerged arc furnace and the AOD furnace. The production characteristics are uninterrupted, the production processes can not be disconnected due to local process restriction, and the processes belong to large-scale production processes and are not equal to a short-process production mode of an electric furnace and an AOD furnace. Therefore, the production rhythm of the AOD must have certain flexibility to meet the production requirement. In the design of the side blowing gun, a certain space must be left. Although the AOD top lance also has certain influence on the smelting period, the top lance is only used in the main blowing oxygen supply stage, and is not generally put into use in the later stage of smelting, and the main link which can restrict the smelting period is later stage decarburization, so that the design of the side blowing lance is very important. The design parameters of the air gun are mainly reflected in the design of the inner diameter of the central copper pipe and the selection of the count;
2. improving the AOD furnace life: at present, the AOD furnace age is generally lower in China, the AOD furnace age with the nominal capacity of less than 100 tons is generally 80-90 furnaces, and the AOD furnace age with the nominal capacity of 100 tons is also 120-130 furnaces, and the AOD furnace age with the nominal capacity of 100 tons is rarely more than 200 furnaces for larger furnaces. Under the circumstances like this, can cause frequently to change the furnace body, restrict the effective performance of complete flow, that is to say that production efficiency is lower, and workman intensity of labour is big. In order to improve the service life of the AOD, in terms of the parameters and layout design of the air guns, separate control should be performed on each air gun protection air flow, that is, a gas flow regulating valve is respectively configured to achieve uniform distribution of the protection air flow on each air gun. The service life of the AOD is low in China, and the main reason is that independent control is not available. The second is the width and area design of the circumferential seam, although this is not the primary reason. The pressure before the valve must be ensured, and if the pressure before the protective air valve cannot be ensured, the protective air flow is intermittently sprayed; if the oxygen pressure is low, the oxygen jet core section at the outlet is shortened, and the oxygen reaction area is concentrated at the refractory material around the air gun, so that the local refractory material is seriously melted and damaged;
3. the AOD smelting cost is reduced: the effective control of the smelting period can obviously reduce the heat loss and reduce the consumption of ferrosilicon fuel, slag lime and fluorite. According to the measurement and calculation of a 60-ton AOD furnace, the smelting time is shortened by 10 minutes, the temperature reduction per minute is calculated according to 6 degrees, about 1 percent of chromium oxidation can be reduced, 5 kilograms of ferrosilicon, 20 kilograms of lime and 3 kilograms of fluorite can be saved per ton of steel, and the benefit is considerable.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
A design method for side-blown air gun parameters in an AOD refining process comprises the following steps:
selection of air supply intensity of the side blowing gun: and controlling the air supply intensity of the side blowing gun to be 1.0-1.5m for cultivation/t/min.
The whole process flow layout is particularly required to be considered, and the production capacity of an electric furnace, a blast furnace, an ore-smelting furnace and a continuous casting machine matched with the AOD furnace is related. If a fast paced production is desired, the upper limit for the intensity of the gas supply can be selected, whereas the lower limit can be selected.
Selecting the number of the side blowing guns and the inner diameter of the central copper tube:
after determining the maximum flow of the side blowing gun, the specific calculation method is as follows: firstly, determining the pressure and the flow velocity after the valve of the central pipe, and then selecting the number of the side blowing guns and the inner diameter of the central copper pipe to ensure that the side blowing guns meet the requirement of maximum flow:
Q=D/2/1000×D/2/1000×3.14×10×P×U×N×60
q, maximum flow of central air flow of multiple air guns (m/min)
D, inner diameter of central copper pipe (mm)
P is the air flow entering the central tube and adjusting the pressure (MPa) behind the valve
U is the air flow entering the central tube and the flow velocity (m/s) after the valve is adjusted by the central tube
N number of side blowing guns
The requirement for the side blowing gun is as follows:
A. the maximum inner diameter of the central copper pipe of the single air gun is not more than 18mm, otherwise, the air flow is easy to directly penetrate through a molten pool, and the gas utilization rate is reduced; meanwhile, the refractory material opposite to the air gun is easily damaged;
B. the number of air guns is generally 3, 5, 7 and 9, so that the arrangement of the air guns and the stirring of a molten pool are facilitated;
C. entering central tube gas flow, and calculating the pressure after adjusting the valve according to 1.4-1.5 MPa; the pressure before the valve is ensured to be more than 2.0MPa and not less than 1.6MPa, so that the pressure at the central airflow outlet of the side blowing gun is not less than 0.3MPa and the gun cannot be blocked;
D. entering the central pipe gas flow, wherein the flow rate can be calculated according to 120 and 130m/s after the valve is adjusted; the gas flow rate before the valve is designed to be 50 m/s;
thirdly, the cooling mode of the protective gas of the side blowing gun and the width and the area of the circular seam are as follows:
the uniform cooling of cooling gas is important for effectively protecting side-blown air guns and prolonging the service life of a furnace lining, the protective gas (Ar/N) is important for uniformly cooling the central air flow (O2), and one important reason that the domestic AOD furnace life is too low is the non-uniform cooling of a plurality of side-blown air guns, the cooling of individual air guns is excessive, the cooling of local air guns is weak, and further refractory materials in a local air gun area are seriously washed by high-temperature oxygen, so that the furnace is forced to be shut down. For enterprises producing stainless steel in a long flow, frequent furnace body replacement is caused, so that the production order is difficult to organize, and the labor intensity of workers is increased.
The discovery after serious contrastive analysis, the air gun cooling of most of domestic enterprises adopts the cooling of many air guns of a governing valve overall control, can cause the air gun cooling inhomogeneous like this, and its principle is because every air gun behind the governing valve of control cooling gas, its pipeline overall arrangement must have pressure loss's difference, leads to actually getting into the coolant pressure of each air gun entrance, flow distribution inequality, therefore has formed refrigerated inhomogeneous.
A. The cooling control system of each air gun adopts an independent control method and is provided with an independent regulating valve, so that the cooling air quantity entering each air gun is absolutely ensured to be absolutely the same, uneven cooling is avoided, uniform erosion of AOD refractory materials can be ensured, and shutdown caused by local damage is avoided. The main reason for the low AOD furnace life is the melting loss of the refractory material in the air gun area, and the furnace life is expected to be greatly improved as long as the air gun area can be effectively controlled.
B. Width and area of cooling gas ring
Cooling gas circumferential seam width: d/h is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, wherein: d: wall thickness (mm) of the central copper tube; h, cooling gas circular seam width (mm);
cooling gas circular seam area: S/F is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, wherein: s is the cross section (mm) of the central copper tube; f: cross section of circular seam (mm);
the width and the area of the circular seam are small, so that the cooling is weak; the width and the area are bigger than normal, can cause the waste of cooling gas to and the cooling is excessive, hinder the efflux of oxygen and spout into, can lead to the back of oxygen to spout into under the severe condition, directly erode the resistant material around the spray gun.
Length selection of side-blowing gun
The length of the air gun is selected mainly according to the length of the AOD molten pool brick. Individual steelworks intentionally lengthen the furnace in order to increase the campaign, but generally do not achieve the desired results. The reason is that after the air gun is lengthened, if the pressure in front of the valve is not obviously improved, the pressure at the outlet of the air gun cannot meet the requirement, so that the air flow is intermittently sprayed, and the air gun cannot be effectively protected; according to the data, the pressure at the circular seam gas outlet is not lower than 1.9 times of the ambient pressure, otherwise, intermittent gas flow occurs. If the pressure before the valve is increased, the energy consumption of the gas is increased, the cost is increased, and therefore, the length is not increased at all, and the design parameters are mainly started.
The first embodiment is as follows: a10-ton AOD furnace in a certain factory adopts 3 copper pipes with the inner diameter D of 8mm, the wall thickness D of the copper pipes of 1mm, the width h of a circular seam of 0.5mm, the oxygen supply intensity of 10m for carrying out cultivation/division, the pressure before a valve requires 1.6MPa, the pressure after the valve requires 1.0MPa, the air gun cooling adopts a single regulating valve to intensively control the body grabbing structure of three air guns, and the furnace age is about 30 furnaces generally. The following results are obtained through calculation and analysis:
50.24mm of cross-sectional area S of the central tube; the cross-sectional area F of the circular seam is 16.49 mm; S/F =3.05 d/h = 2.0;
in the use process, the refractory material in the local air gun area is frequently seriously damaged by melting, and the reason is that the local air gun is seriously insufficiently cooled because a cooling system adopts a single regulating valve for centralized control; secondly, because the width of the circular seam is 0.5mm, the supporting point of the outer layer stainless steel tube is not easy to control in the gun manufacturing process, and the deviation is easy to occur, so that the uneven cooling is caused.
By adopting the invention, two spray guns with the inner diameter of the copper pipe of 10-11mm are used, and the technical problem is solved.
Example two: a20-ton AOD furnace in a certain factory is characterized in that 3 copper pipes with the inner diameter D of 14mm, the wall thickness D of 1.5mm, the width h of a circular seam of 1.0mm and the oxygen supply intensity of 30m are adopted for side blowing air guns of the AOD furnace, the pressure before a valve is required to be 1.8MPa, the pressure after the valve is 0.80-1.0MPa, a single regulating valve is adopted for cooling the air guns to intensively control the body grabbing structure of three air guns, and the furnace life of the AOD furnace is about 30-40 furnaces generally. The following results are obtained through calculation and analysis: 153.86mm as the cross-sectional area S of the central tube; 56.52mm as the cross-sectional area F of the circular seam; S/F =2.72 d/h = 1.5;
the selection of cooling parameters meets the requirements, and mainly the selection of the inner diameter of a central copper pipe is larger, so that the pressure behind a valve is obviously lower, the core section of airflow at the outlet of an air gun is shortened, and an oxygen reaction zone is concentrated in a refractory material area around the air gun, so that the furnace life is lower; and meanwhile, the problem of uneven cooling of a local air gun also exists.
By adopting the invention, three air guns with the inner diameter of the copper pipe being 11-12mm are selected, thus solving the technical problem.
Example three: a side blowing air gun of a 60-ton AOD furnace of a certain factory adopts a body grabbing structure that 3 copper pipes with the inner diameter D of 16mm, the wall thickness D of 1.0mm, the width h of a circular seam of 1.0mm, the oxygen supply intensity is 60m, the pressure before a valve is required to be 2.0MPa, the pressure after the valve is 1.3-1.5MPa, the cooling of the air gun is dispersedly controlled, and the cooling of each air gun is respectively cooled by an independently controlled regulating valve, and the furnace age is about 100 furnaces generally. The following results are obtained through calculation and analysis:
200.96mm as the cross-sectional area S of the central tube; 59.66mm as the cross-sectional area F of the circular seam; S/F =3.37 d/h =1.0
Although the cooling strength seems to be weak, the cooling system is independently controlled, and the distribution of cooling gas in each air gun is absolutely uniform, so that each air gun can be uniformly cooled, and the serious melting loss of local refractory materials due to uneven cooling is avoided. The defects are that the inner diameter of the central pipe is larger, the nominal capacity of the furnace is smaller, and the opposite refractory materials of the air gun are easy to be melted and damaged.
By adopting the invention, the spray gun structure with 5 copper pipes and 13mm inner diameter is adopted, thus solving the problems.
Claims (2)
1. A design method for side-blown air gun parameters in an AOD refining process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selection of air supply intensity of the side blowing gun: controlling the air supply intensity of the side blowing gun to be 1.0-1.5m for cultivation/t/min;
selecting the number of the side blowing guns and the inner diameter of the central copper tube:
after determining the maximum flow of the side blowing gun, the specific calculation method is as follows: firstly, determining the pressure and the flow velocity after the valve of the central pipe, and then selecting the number of the side blowing guns and the inner diameter of the central copper pipe to ensure that the side blowing guns meet the requirement of maximum flow:
Q=D/2/1000×D/2/1000×3.14×10×P×U×N×60
q, maximum flow of central airflow of multiple air guns, m/min
D, the inner diameter of the central copper pipe is mm
P is the gas flow entering the central tube and regulating the pressure behind the valve, MPa
U is the flow rate in m/s after entering the central tube and adjusting the valve
N is the number of side-blowing guns;
thirdly, the cooling mode of the protective gas of the side blowing gun and the width and the area of the circular seam are as follows:
A. the cooling control system of each air gun is independently controlled and is provided with an independent regulating valve, so that the cooling air quantity entering each air gun is absolutely ensured to be absolutely the same, and uneven cooling is avoided, thus ensuring the uniform erosion of AOD refractory materials and avoiding furnace shutdown caused by local damage;
B. width and area of cooling gas ring
Cooling gas circumferential seam width: d/h is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, wherein: d: the wall thickness of the central copper pipe is mm; h, cooling the gas ring seam with the width of mm;
cooling gas circular seam area: S/F is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, wherein: s, cross section of the central copper pipe is mm; f: cross section of circular seam, mm has been transferred to.
2. The method for designing parameters of a side-blowing lance in an AOD refining process according to claim 1, wherein the selection of the side-blowing lance requires:
A. the maximum inner diameter of the central copper pipe of the single air gun is not more than 18mm, otherwise, the air flow is easy to directly penetrate through a molten pool, and the gas utilization rate is reduced; meanwhile, the refractory material opposite to the air gun is easily damaged;
B. the number of air guns is 3, 5, 7 and 9, so that the arrangement of the air guns and the stirring of a molten pool are facilitated;
C. entering central tube gas flow, and calculating the pressure after adjusting a valve according to 1.4-1.5 MPa; the pressure before the valve is ensured to be more than 2.0MPa and not less than 1.6MPa, so that the pressure at the central airflow outlet of the side blowing gun is not less than 0.3MPa and the gun cannot be blocked;
D. entering the central pipe gas flow, and calculating the flow rate after adjusting the valve according to 120 and 130 m/s; the gas flow rate before the valve is designed to be 50 m/s.
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| US4405365A (en) * | 1982-08-30 | 1983-09-20 | Pennsylvania Engineering Corporation | Method for the fabrication of special steels in metallurgical vessels |
| CN101838719A (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2010-09-22 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Air flow adjustment method of air gun for controlling accretion oxide of AOD furnace |
| CN103014238B (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2014-06-04 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | AOD converter side blowing gun pipeline system flow control method |
| CN202989202U (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-06-12 | 广东华鳌合金新材料有限公司 | Improved gas supply gun for AOD (argon oxygen decarburization) furnace |
| CN104152634B (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2016-01-20 | 邢台钢铁有限责任公司 | The stable control method of temperature in AOD furnace smelting process |
| CN107908202A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-04-13 | 中冶华天南京电气工程技术有限公司 | A kind of AOD furnace cross air blasting gun pipe ring stitches flow control methods |
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