CN110330105B - 一种改变人工湿地填料污染累积的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种改变人工湿地填料污染累积的方法，属于环保工程领域。利用活性炭为湿地填料，搭建一个微生物燃料电池与人工湿地耦合的装置，池塘污水采用间歇式的方式从装置顶部进入人工湿地。利用钛网集中收集电子的特性，使其作为电子收集体将活性炭填料阴极包裹住，稳定运行一段时间后将靠近水面的活性炭和靠近底部钛网的活性炭取出进行比表面积和生物量测试，分析人工湿地内填料污染的累积分布情况。本发明能够在产电和处理污水的同时，利用钛网收集电子产生的电场作用，改变污染物质在人工湿地内的累积情况。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环保工程领域，涉及一种人工湿地水处理过程中改变填料污染累积的方法。
背景技术
人工湿地是利用土壤、人工介质、植物、微生物的物理、化学和生物的三重协同作用对污水进行处理的一种技术。人工湿地具有投资少、能耗低、管理方便等优点，已经被广泛应用于污水处理和环境改善等方面。但是随着人工湿地的运行，填料间隙之间会逐渐积累固体悬浮物和新生长的微生物，如果维护不当，很容易产生淤积、堵塞现象，使湿地处理效果和运行寿命降低，并且基质的吸附能力通常会趋于饱和也会影响湿地的处理效果。
中国专利申请号为CN201710350173.X的专利申请文件公开了一种利用生物电化学原理缓解人工湿地填料污染的方法，该方法构建了生物电化学辅助型人工湿地系统，采油污水采用连续升流的方式通过容积为2.3L的小型系统，通过测定活性炭比表面积来分析填料污染变化情况，该方法是在容积仅有2.3L的连续流小型系统中缓解人工湿地填料污染，且并未区分填料污染状况中的生物和非生物影响。
发明内容
针对现有人工湿地内填料不同位置污染物累积的问题，本发明提供了一种改变人工湿地填料污染累积的方法，该方法充分利用了钛网集中收集电子的特性，将活性炭填料用钛网包裹，利用电场的作用，改变了活性炭间隙污染物的累积分布情况，对靠近钛网的填料起到了的保护作用。
为了解决上述问题，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种改变人工湿地填料污染累积的方法，该方法基于构建的微生物燃料电池和人工湿地的耦合系统实现，耦合系统包括阳极、电子收集填料阴极、挺水湿地植物和外电路。所述的阳极为石墨板1，埋于沸石2内。所述的电子收集填料阴极为钛网5，钛网5为顶部开口的方形结构，位于沸石2上方，将填料层包裹住。所述的填料层内填充直径为4-6mm的柱状活性炭3颗粒。在填料层中间位置放置内部填充活性炭颗粒的钛网管4，用于取样测定污染情况；填料层上方种植挺水湿地植物。所述的挺水湿地植物为粉绿狐尾藻6。所述的外电路用钛丝连接，将阴阳极相连，负载1000欧姆的电阻7形成闭合回路。钛丝通过硅胶管包裹，防止与钛网接触造成短路。
该方法基于上述系统实现，利用微生物燃料电池改变人工湿地填料污染累积，包括以下步骤：
第一步，构建微生物燃料电池与人工湿地的耦合系统
在米级尺度上，构建微生物燃料电池与人工湿地的耦合系统，用池塘水对耦合系统进行接种，使石墨板1上附着微生物形成产电生物膜。池塘水采用间歇式的方式从装置顶部进入耦合系统，污水先经过活性炭填料层3，较大的悬浮颗粒被吸附截留，再经过钛网5，然后经过沸石层到达阳极，溶解性的有机物主要在阳极被产电微生物降解并产生电子和质子。电子通过外电路传输到阴极，质子经过沸石到达阴极与电子和氧气结合形成水，完成阴极还原反应。27天后出现最大电压450mV，并且耦合系统可以稳定运行，说明产电生物膜形成，耦合系统启动成功。用万用表每天测定电阻两端的电压，每隔三天测量一次水质变化。
第二步，耦合系统的稳定运行及活性炭样品测定
耦合系统启动成功后，每隔7-10天补充一次池塘污水，使水面到达初始水面。该装置未设置排水口，水量减少以蒸发为主。系统运行4个月后，将钛网管内底层即靠近钛网位置和近表层即靠近水面位置的活性炭样品取出，进行比表面积和生物量测定，得到人工湿地内污染物质的累积分布情况。
本发明的有益效果为：本发明充分利用了钛网集中收集电子的特性，将活性炭填料用钛网包裹，利用电场的作用，改变了人工湿地内污染物质的累积分布情况，对靠近钛网的填料起到了的保护作用。
附图说明
图1是本发明的微生物燃料电池与人工湿地耦合系统的结构示意图。
图2是本发明的对照组人工湿地装置结构示意图。
图中：1石墨板，2沸石，3活性炭，4钛网管，5钛网，6粉绿狐尾藻，7电阻。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进一步说明。
实施例1
一种改变人工湿地填料污染累积的方法，该方法首先构建了微生物燃料电池与人工湿地耦合系统，所述装置在米级尺度上构建，包括阳极、电子收集填料阴极、挺水湿地植物和外电路。如图1所示，所述的阳极为石墨板1，埋于沸石2内。所述的电子收集填料阴极为钛网5，钛网5为顶部开口的方形结构，位于沸石2上方，将填料层包裹住。所述的填料层内填充直径为4-6mm的柱状活性炭3颗粒。在填料层中间位置放置内部填充活性炭颗粒的钛网管4，用于取样测定污染情况。所述的挺水湿地植物为粉绿狐尾藻6。所述的外电路用钛丝连接，将阴阳极相连，负载1000欧姆的电阻7形成闭合回路。钛丝通过硅胶管包裹，防止与钛网接触造成短路。用池塘水对耦合系统进行接种，使石墨板1上附着微生物形成产电生物膜。池塘水采用间歇式的方式从装置顶部进入耦合系统，污水先经过活性炭填料层3，较大的悬浮颗粒被吸附截留，再经过钛网5，然后经过沸石层到达阳极，溶解性的有机物主要在阳极被产电微生物降解并产生电子和质子。电子通过外电路传输到阴极，质子经过沸石到达阴极与电子和氧气结合形成水，完成阴极还原反应。27天后出现最大电压450mV，并且耦合系统可以稳定运行，说明产电生物膜形成，耦合系统启动成功。用万用表每天测量电阻两端的电压，每隔7-10天补充一次池塘污水，使水面到达初始水面。该装置未设置排水口，水量减少以蒸发为主。系统运行4个月后，将钛网管内底层即靠近钛网位置和近表层即靠近水面位置的活性炭样品取出，进行比表面积和生物量测定，得到人工湿地内污染物质的累积分布情况。
对照例1
对照组人工湿地系统结构与耦合系统结构和尺寸相同，但人工湿地系统不形成闭合回路(模拟真实的环境)。人工湿地装置包括阳极、电子收集填料阴极和挺水湿地植物。如图2所示，所述的阳极为石墨板1，埋于沸石2内。所述的电子收集填料阴极为钛网5，钛网5为顶部开口的方形结构，位于沸石2上方，将填料层包裹住。所述的填料层内填充直径为4-6mm的柱状活性炭3颗粒。在填料层中间位置放置内部填充活性炭颗粒的钛网管4，用于取样测定污染情况。所述的挺水湿地植物为粉绿狐尾藻6。用池塘水对人工湿地装置进行接种，使石墨板1上附着微生物形成生物膜。池塘水采用间歇式的方式从装置顶部进入耦合系统，污水先经过活性炭填料层3，较大的悬浮颗粒被吸附截留，再经过钛网5，然后经过沸石层到达阳极。每隔7-10天补充一次池塘污水，使水面到达初始水面。该装置未设置排水口，水量减少以蒸发为主。系统运行4个月后，将钛网管内底层即靠近钛网位置和近表层即靠近水面位置的活性炭样品取出，进行比表面积和生物量测定，得到人工湿地内污染物质的累积分布情况。
分析结论
池塘水的COD浓度为132mg/L，氨氮，硝氮，亚硝氮和总磷的浓度分别是0.01mg/L、0.46mg/L、0.21mg/L和0.03mg/L，随着反应器的运行，主要污染物质逐渐被降解。运行4个月后，对照组的人工湿地系统和实施例1的耦合系统活性炭样品用全自动物理吸附仪测试其比表面积，得到对照组中人工湿地的近表层和底层活性炭比表面积分别为819.0±12.5m2/g和810.6±4.0m2/g，实施例1中微生物燃料电池与人工湿地耦合系统中近表层和底层活性炭比表面积分别为749.5±2.1m2/g和928.4±12.0m2/g。比表面积越大，填料孔隙内污染物质越少。通过对比可以看出实施例1的耦合系统底层活性炭比表面积要比对照组的人工湿地系统底层比表面积大，说明耦合系统填料底层污染物质要比人工湿地系统少。实施例1的耦合系统近表层活性炭比表面积要比对照组的人工湿地系统近表层比表面积小，说明实施例1的耦合系统填料近表层污染物质比对照组的人工湿地系统多。
在对照组的人工湿地系统内，污染物质在填料近表层和底层填料内累积分布较均匀，而在实施例1的耦合系统内，污染物质主要在近表层填料内累积，底层填料内较少。这是因为在实施例1的耦合系统内，钛网将活性炭填料包裹住并且集中收集电子，与带负电荷的悬浮颗粒和微生物产生斥力，改变了污染物质的累积分布情况。在阴极区不同高度位置斥力不同，对靠近钛网填料内的污染物质斥力最大，污染物质累积最少，因此对此处填料起到了一定程度的保护作用。
对填料表面的生物量进行分析，可以得到实施例1的耦合系统近表层和底层填料的生物量分别是0.021ng/g和0.010ng/g。对照组的人工湿地系统近表层和底层填料的生物量分别是0.048ng/g和0.026ng/g，可以看出耦合系统内生物量累积少，并且在人工湿地系统和耦合系统内底层填料的生物累积要小于近表层填料的生物量累积。两个系统均无排水口，能量进入系统后进行累积。耦合系统与人工湿地系统相比，部分能量以电能的形式输出，因此能量累积减少，生物量累积更少。也就是说，采用本发明的方法，形成闭合回路后，能够在产电和处理污水的同时，利用钛网收集电子产生的电场作用，改变污染物质在人工湿地内的累积情况。
以上所述实施例仅表达本发明的实施方式，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利的范围的限制，应当指出，对于本领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种改变人工湿地填料污染累积的方法，其特征在于，首先构建微生物燃料电池和人工湿地的耦合系统，耦合系统包括阳极、电子收集填料阴极、挺水湿地植物和外电路；所述的阳极为石墨板(1)，埋于沸石(2)内；所述的电子收集填料阴极为钛网(5)，钛网(5)为顶部开口的方形结构，位于沸石(2)上方，将填料层包裹住；所述的填料层内填充柱状活性炭(3)颗粒；在填料层中间位置放置内部填充活性炭颗粒的钛网管(4)，用于取样测定污染情况，填料层上方种植挺水湿地植物；所述的外电路用钛丝连接，将阴阳极相连，负载电阻(7)形成闭合回路；
该方法基于上述耦合系统实现，利用微生物燃料电池改变人工湿地填料污染累积，包括以下步骤：
第一步，构建微生物燃料电池与人工湿地的耦合系统，并启动耦合系统
构建微生物燃料电池与人工湿地的耦合装置，用池塘水对耦合装置进行接种，使石墨板(1)上附着微生物形成产电生物膜；池塘水采用间歇式的方式从装置顶部进入耦合装置，污水先经过活性炭填料层，吸附截留悬浮颗粒，再经过钛网(5)，然后经过沸石层到达阳极，溶解性的有机物主要在阳极被产电微生物降解并产生电子和质子；电子通过外电路传输到阴极，质子经过沸石到达阴极与电子和氧气结合形成水，完成阴极还原反应；
待出现最大电压，并且耦合装置可以稳定运行时，说明产电生物膜形成，耦合系统启动成功；每天测定电阻两端的电压，并每隔三天测量一次水质变化；
第二步，耦合系统的稳定运行及活性炭样品测定
耦合系统启动成功后，每隔7-10天补充一次池塘污水，使水面到达初始水面；该装置未设置排水口，水量减少以蒸发为主；系统运行一段时间后，将钛网管内底层即靠近钛网位置和近表层即靠近水面位置的活性炭样品取出，进行比表面积和生物量测定，得到人工湿地内污染物质的累积分布情况；采用能够在产电和处理污水的同时，利用钛网收集电子产生的电场作用，改变污染物质在人工湿地内的累积情况。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种改变人工湿地填料污染累积的方法，其特征在于，所述的柱状活性炭(3)颗粒直径为4-6mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种改变人工湿地填料污染累积的方法，其特征在于，所述的外电路负载1000欧姆的电阻(7)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种改变人工湿地填料污染累积的方法，其特征在于，所述的外电路钛丝通过硅胶管包裹。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种改变人工湿地填料污染累积的方法，其特征在于，所述的挺水湿地植物为粉绿狐尾藻(6)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种改变人工湿地填料污染累积的方法，其特征在于，所述的电子收集填料阴极为顶部开口的方形结构的钛网(5)。
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