CN110325814A - Self-luminescent material, tracer ammunition and lighting device - Google Patents
Self-luminescent material, tracer ammunition and lighting device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110325814A CN110325814A CN201780084669.5A CN201780084669A CN110325814A CN 110325814 A CN110325814 A CN 110325814A CN 201780084669 A CN201780084669 A CN 201780084669A CN 110325814 A CN110325814 A CN 110325814A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- luminous
- ammunition
- self
- pellet
- metal
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- Granted
Links
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001268 Ferrocerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004397 blinking Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N norethisterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001141 propulsive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012237 artificial material Substances 0.000 description 4
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000031968 Cadaver Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004429 Calibre Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 201000006353 Filariasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GSVIBLVMWGSPRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Ce].[Ce] GSVIBLVMWGSPRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013056 hazardous product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010237 hybrid technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 iron Rare-earth Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006552 photochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/38—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of tracer type
- F42B12/382—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of tracer type emitting an electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser beam or infrared emission
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/38—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of tracer type
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of self-luminous solid material comprising artificial metal's mixture of the oxide containing iron and at least one rare earth metal.The material can be induced by flame ignition for the self-luminous of yellow~red (577~700 nano wave length).A kind of secret tracer shell comprising the projectile body with tip and base portion, and the solid pellet being configured in the base portion.The pellet can be formed by self-luminous solid material above-mentioned or other suitable materials.When emitting the tracer shell, pellet white heat due to heating.When the tracer shell transmitting firing backward direction flight, white heat pellet issues the light for being only capable of being observed from behind.
Description
About federal government's sponsored research or the statement of exploitation
The present invention is the contract number authorized by the research of US Army equipment, exploitation and engineering center (ARDEC)
CON00011161 and CON00020616 governmental support is lower to be completed.Government possesses certain rights of the invention.
Background technique
The present invention relates generally to luminescent material more particularly to novel self-luminous solid material and its in novel tracer shell
Purposes in medicine.The present invention relates particularly to use to novel illuminator and its in novel lighting device.
Tracer cartridge bag includes bullet and other projectiles comprising the mechanism of visible oBject is provided, enable ejaculator in
The path of ammunition is seen after transmitting.Tracer ammunition may include the small-sized fireworks powder dress in the cavity being filled into Zhi Zao in base portion
Medicine.This powder charge can be ignited by combustion gun propellant ignition, and once, will be burnt very much brightly and be enough to see naked eye
See.The tracer allows ejaculator to see projectile track and carry out pointing correction as needed.
The shortcomings that traditional tracer ammunition be not only ejaculator see projectile track and also other people it can also be seen that projectile rail
Mark, including potential target or enemy.This makes enemy identify the source of firearms transmitting and returns to firepower to ejaculator.Conventional
Tracer ammunition also has the disadvantages that when fireworks powder powder charge burns and leaves cavity, the quality of projectile reduces, as a result
Be: the ammunition has unstable end trajectory, and it reduce aimed at precision.
Commonly used in tracer ammunition fireworks dusty material generation environment problem and hazardous material the problem of.They are dangerous simultaneously
And be difficult to transport, handle and process, which increase costs.The exothermic combustion property of pyrotechnic material makes them become fire hazard.
Thus, for example, tracer ammunition frequently results in fire in training area.
These patent documents include invention related with tracer ammunition.For example, the U.S. Patent No. 8 of Hollerman et al.,
No. 402,896 (Louisiana university) " mixed luminescence bullet (Hybrid-Luminescent Munition
Projectiles) " it is related to compact shooter tracer and its observability.The U.S. Patent No. of Riess et al. 7,661,368
" stone collet bullet ... (the Hard-Core Jacketed with tracer composition of (RUAG Ammotec)
Bullet with Tracer Composition...) " disclose the tracer bullet containing luminescent material composition.These patents
Used material, the mode of action and other in terms of be all different from the present invention.
There is still a need for a kind of improved tracer ammunition, the shortcomings that avoiding the performance of traditional tracer ammunition and safety are lacked
Point, and it is suitable for military and entertaining shootings.
Luminous chemical substance (also known as illuminator) is widely used in pyrotechnics and national defense industry, with increase application or event it is bright
Bright effect.For example, military base often uses " positioning " to take turns when training shoots personnel with rifle.These wheels include comprising illuminator
Fully filled bullet, illuminator generate the flash of light of light in collision, to make to shoot the predetermined mesh of personnel tracking bullet shock
Target is close to situation and carries out any desired aiming adjustment.
The ability of detection or " seeing " the wheel direction of travel or the position hit is vital for training.This is wanted
It asks using illuminator, which generates bright signal, see the bright signal in range straggling with naked eye, which holds
Continue the sufficiently long duration (for example, >=1 second).Existing illuminator the visibility of their signals or on the duration simultaneously
It is always not ideal.
In addition, existing illuminator includes environmentally harmful chemical substance, such as the derivative (perchlorate) of chlorine.I.e.
The new environment laws and regulations requirement of appearance is eliminated to the use of such noxious material and contaminating chemicals.
Patent document includes invention relevant to military training bout, and military training bout generates optical signal to mark it
Rum point.For example, U.S. Patent Application No. 2013/0199396 of Kroden (A Mu Imtech (Amtec)) et al.
" non-duds signal training cartridge and projectile (Non-Dud Signature Training Cartridge and
Projectile a kind of military training pellets) " are disclosed, wherein contain pyrotechnics powder, the pyrotechnics powder light and burn with
The detectable instruction of the pellet hit with object is provided.Scanlon's (alloy surface company (Alloy Surfaces)) et al.
U.S. Patent No. 8,783,186 " ammunition dummy round use pyrotechnics payload material (Use of Pyrophoric
Payload Material in Ammunition Training Rounds) " disclose a kind of contain when the ammunition hits mesh
The ammunition of the pyrotechnics metal powder of bright flash of light is generated when mark.These patent documents used material, gained signal and
The upper and of the invention difference of other aspects.
There are still the demands to improved " green " illuminator to be particularly suitable for so that they meet environmental legislation
The illuminator of pellet, and holding or the luminescent properties more than the chemical substance for substituting them.
Summary of the invention
A kind of self-luminous solid material comprising the artificial metal of the oxide containing iron and at least one rare earth metal is mixed
Close object.The material can be induced by flame ignition for the self-luminous of yellow~red (577~700 nano wave length).
A kind of secret tracer ammunition comprising the projectile body with tip and base portion, and be configured in the base portion
Solid pellet.The pellet can be formed by self-luminous solid material above-mentioned or other suitable materials.When transmitting institute
When stating ammunition, pellet white heat due to heating.When the ammunition transmitting firing backward direction flight, the white heat pellet is issued
It is only capable of the light being observed from behind.
A kind of illuminator comprising wrap the double of artificial metal's mixture of iron-containing oxide and at least one rare earth metal
Peak mixture.The bimodal compound is the mixture of smaller size fragment and larger size pellet.The illuminator responds bullet
Road energy and can light with disperse with generate illumination.For example, the trajectory can be transmitting and/or with target impact when is applied to
The energy of the illuminator, the illumination can be streamer or flash of light.
A kind of lighting device comprising the main body with internal cavities, by the main-body structure be as projectile launch or
Person is configured to contain projectile.For example, the lighting device can be projectile or shot (shotgun shells) for use as road
The scouting bullet (spotting round) of diameter or target.The illuminator configuration is in the cavity of the main body.It is described
Illuminator includes the bimodal compound of suitable luminescent material.For example, the luminiferous material may include artificial metal above-mentioned
Mixture or other artificial metal's mixtures, it includes at least one rare earth metals.The illuminator in response to trajectory energy and
It can light with disperse to generate illumination.
When being read referring to attached drawing, from the detailed description hereafter to preferred embodiment, different aspect of the invention
Those skilled in the art can be become apparent.
The brief description of accompanying drawing
Figure 1A is the sectional view of concealed tracer bullet of the invention, which includes being configured to self-luminous solid material
Straight cylinder disk.
Figure 1B is the lower section range straggling increase shown with bullet, the signal that the light-emitting area of the disk of Figure 1A reduces
Figure.
Fig. 2A is the sectional view of another embodiment of concealed tracer bullet of the invention, which includes being configured to certainly
The conical disc of light-emitting solid material, the tip of the taper from bullet rear portion outwardly.
Fig. 2 B is to show the light-emitting area of the disk of Fig. 2A to increase and increased schematic diagram with bullet range straggling.
Fig. 3 is the sectional view of the another embodiment of concealed tracer bullet of the invention, which includes being configured to
The central hole straight cylinder disk of self-luminous solid material.
Fig. 4 is the side sectional view of illuminator of the invention, which includes the bimodal compound of ferrocerium.
Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional view of lighting device of the invention, which is a kind of with the cavity for being filled with illuminator
Projectile.
Fig. 6 is the cross-sectional view illuminated in the form of the streamer of light (streamer) or the flash of light of light, which can be by this
The lighting device of invention generates.
Fig. 7 shows the ammunition comprising bullet, propellant and the fire in a stove before fuel is added (primer).
The detailed description of preferred embodiment
The present invention relates to novel self-luminous solid material and its applications.In some embodiments, the present invention relates to make
The novel tracer ammunition made from these materials.
The invention further relates to novel illuminator and its applications.In some embodiments, the present invention relates to comprising described
The novel lighting device of illuminator, for example, projectile or shot.
The invention further relates to a kind of methods for cooperateing with firepower, and in some embodiments, this method includes that variable color shows
Track ammunition or the use for flashing tracer ammunition.
It is described in more detail below the different embodiment of the present invention.
Self-luminous solid material
It is " spontaneous when being exposed to the flame with high enough temp the present invention relates to a kind of artificial solid material
Light " not only derived from heating, results also from chemical reaction, is especially derived from heat release.These materials provide solution and use existing tracer
Composition (form), adaptability and the function of the problem of in the presence of ammunition and other application.
Self luminous solid material includes artificial metal's mixture of the oxide containing iron and at least one rare earth metal.
The oxide of iron can be Fe2O3、Fe3O4, possible other oxides or different hopcalites.The material can
It can be induced by flame ignition for the self-luminous with yellow~red (577~700 nano wave length).In certain embodiments
In, which is the mischmetal (mixing with the oxide for replacing iron with iron content of the oxide containing iron
Rare-earth phase to), and in specific embodiment the mischmetal is ferrocerium.
" mischmetal " (German is " mixed metal ") is the alloy of rare earth metal.Ferrocerium be containing rare earth metal cerium,
Lanthanum, didymum are plus the iron of increase hardness and/or the mischmetal of the oxide of magnesium.For example, the ferrocerium of Commercial off-the-shelf contains about
Oxide (the Fe of 20% iron2O3), about 39% cerium, about 18% lanthanum, about 14% neodymium and 7% praseodymium.
Ferrocerium is used as spark generation/igniting member in cigarette lighter in the form of the cylindrical particle with lacquer coat
Part.It, which is " nonflammable " and " non-ignitable ", is shown for " MSD Sheets " of this form ferrocerium, and ferrocerium particle passes through
The processing of prolonged 927 DEG C (1700 °F) is crossed without combustibility.Therefore, those skilled in the art can not find ferrocerium exposure
In any reason of flame.Because ferrocerium is nonflammable, those skilled in the art will not to why by material be used for light a fire with
There are any idea and query instead of being exposed in fire.
, it is surprising that the present inventor is had found in investigative test in the presence of threshold value fire needed for inducing ferrocerium self-luminous
Flame temperature.The threshold temperature is considered as about 1600 DEG C (2912 °F).This fourth by the way that ferrocerium particle to be exposed to lighter
(~1300 DEG C of alkane/air diffusion flame；2372 °F) in proved without leading to self-luminous.However when the particle is sudden and violent
It is exposed to (~1900 DEG C of butane/air flame of premixing；3452 °F) when, induce self-luminous.Think that the temperature threshold is cerium
Unknown reason before the spontaneous light ability of iron.
It in this experiment, is 2.3 millimeters by diameter, length is 4.7 millimeters, the ferrocerium particle (~1 that quality is 0.12 gram
Second) it is exposed to butane/air torch flame top (peak temperature~1900 DEG C of premix；3452°F).After removing the flame,
The particle issues " red " first, and then " yellow-heat " about 5 seconds, then dimmed/cold.This shine by the particle physical form and
Size determines.After cooling, which keeps complete but frangible, without weight loss.
Further test has evaluated the aspect ratio (L/D) of the particle to the shadow for inducing luminous easy degree and maximum brightness
It rings, finds more low more good to the two.Particle with following size is tested: D=2.3mm/L=4.7mm；D=
4.5mm/L=1.5,2.0 or 2.5mm；D=8mm/L=1.5,2.0 or 2.5mm.In some embodiments, using with phase
To the particle of low aspect ratio to optimize self-luminous；For example, aspect ratio (L/D) is about 1 or smaller, more particularly about 0.9 or more
It is small, more particularly about 0.8 or smaller, or more particularly about 0.7 or smaller.Relatively low aspect ratio is distinguished the particle and is had
Compared with the bar of wide aspect ratio.
Inventor's discovery: after flame is withdrawn the particle, this, which shines, continues.In some embodiments, it is being exposed to
Temperature be in about 1600 DEG C (2912 °F) or hotter flame after, self-luminous continues at least about 5 seconds, or at least about 10 seconds, and
At most about 30 seconds.In some embodiments, self-luminous starts after being exposed to flame.Think that the self-luminous is by inside
Heat-producing chemical reaction causes.Self-luminous can be induced in the environment of not oxygen, and the particle is in the environment of not oxygen
Relay supervention light.After fire exposure, which passes through the particle.
Think: the content of ferriferous oxide has an impact spontaneous photochemical reaction in self-luminous solid material.Ferriferous oxide
The increase of content is considered increasing self luminous easily induced, brightness and persistence.Oxygen in the oxide of iron is more, particle
Middle reaction needs the adsorption of oxygen from surrounding air fewer, thus start the chemical reaction earlier, the burning longer time.And
And the increase of the oxide content of iron improves the hardness of material, this is advantageous in numerous applications.In certain embodiments
In, self-luminous solid material has the content of at least about oxide of the iron of 20 weight %.In some embodiments, the material
Also rich iron-containing oxide, the oxide content with iron are at least about 23 weight %, at least about 25 weight %, at least about 27 weights
Measure % or at least about 30 weight %.
In some embodiments, which has the oxide content of increased iron, but rare earth metal content is kept
In proportional level, to allow to be increased with the hardness of its manufactured tectosome, so that they are subjected to more stringent environment
(for example, the acceleration for being originated from the ammunition emitted in gun barrel).For example, mischmetal of the invention can have at least about 20 weight %
Iron oxide content, the cerium content of the weight % of about 37 weight %~about 41, the lanthanum of the weight % of about 16 weight %~about 20
Content, the neodymium content of the weight % of about 12 weight %~about 16, the praseodymium content of the weight % of about 5 weight %~about 9.
The present invention relates generally to the types of artificial material, mischmetal and Auer metal, and the material is including but not limited to cerium
Iron can be induced by flame ignition for the self-luminous with yellow~red (577~700 nano wave length).Certain
In embodiment, which is the metal mixture of the oxide containing iron and at least one rare earth metal.
The invention further relates to materials as described above, wherein when using Small-Caliber Ammunition and farthest about 800 meters away from
From place, the self-luminous be bright enough to daytime naked eye it is visible, and night use heat or infrared visible scope
Device is visible.
The invention further relates to self-luminescent materials as described above.The self-luminous has the geometry by the material tectosome
Shape, size, duration and the visibility limited with size.The material tectosome includes but is not limited to solid or hollow
Straight cylinder or disk are formed.
The invention further relates to self-luminescent material as described above, the self-luminescent material is by flame ignition, but its visibility is not
It is by means of external flame plume, but by means of white heat.
The invention further relates to materials as described above, wherein the physical form (tectosome) that the material keeps its initial is simultaneously
And quality is not reduced during self-luminous.
The invention further relates to materials as described above, wherein the material is configured with to the taper of tip and base portion
Disk or pyramid disk.When observer is directed toward at tip, the spontaneous light area increases as the material is mobile to the direction of the launch
Add, as the distance increase of the material and observer also keep visibility, and this shines and is diametrically actually reducing.
These feature and advantage associated with concealed tracer ammunition are described more fully in part below.
Concealed tracer ammunition
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to comprising ejaculator can be made to track ballistic and containing hair incandescent light after transmitting
The tracer ammunition of material.
Tracer ammunition of the invention overcomes aforementioned existing tracer ammunition disadvantages associated.Awing, which issues picture
Light as " automobile tail light " can see from several hundred rice with external application naked eye, but can only see from the rear of the direction of the launch, thus
Secret is provided to the position of ejaculator.In addition, the ammunition shines during flight but does not lose its quality, it can be with phase
Terminal section trajectory/pointing accuracy of the non-tracer ball or bullet ammunition answered matches.
It is different from current tracer ammunition, the luminescent material for manufacturing tracer ammunition be it is harmless, it is environmentally safe.It should
Material is easy, safe and cheap in the manufacture of transport, processing or machine.The material is nonflammable, therefore is making or using ammunition
Shi Buhui causes fire.
Technology of the invention can be used for the projectile that many different types are used as ammunition.This for example including from pistol, rifle or
The small-sized projectile of shotgun to mortar, gun or howitzer large-scale projectile range projectile.This may include small-bore
(0.22 inch~0.50 inch), medium caliber (30~40 millimeters) or heavy caliber (105~155 millimeters) military and civilian bullet
Medicine.
For example, bullet 100 is a kind of ammunition usually used by rifle or pistol (" gun ").It is well known that bullet
Bullet 10, propellant 102 and the fire in a stove before fuel is added 104 are mounted in shell case 106, which is precisely mounted at the launch room of gun
It is interior.When ejaculator pulls trigger, the striker impact fire in a stove before fuel is added simultaneously lights the fire in a stove before fuel is added, and the burning gases jet flow that the fire in a stove before fuel is added generates is lighted
Propellant.High-temperature gas caused by combusting propellant pressurizes to shell case, and bullet is pushed to pass through gun barrel and homed on its target.
Referring now to attached drawing, Figure 1A describes concealed tracer bullet 10 of the invention.It includes tip 14 and base portion 16 that it, which has,
Main body 12.The base portion 16 of the bullet 10 configures at the front opening of the shell case (not shown) comprising propellant, loads onto the fire in a stove before fuel is added
With regard to forming bullet as described above.
There are various whole bullet designs, and bullet to be made to obtain extensive function: for example, involucrum bullet or entirety
Formula bullet, solid bullet or nominal bullet.Concealed tracer technique of the invention is applicable to any one of these designs.
In embodiment shown in figure 1A, bullet 10 includes the involucrum 18 for surrounding bullet core 20.Involucrum 18 is elongated and logical
It is often cylinder.Involucrum 18 is tapered towards tip 14, and has reduced diameter (" stern ") in base portion 16.Involucrum 18 can
It is made of copper, copper alloy or any other suitable hard metal or material.Bullet core 20 can by any suitable metal or its
He is made material, and usually relatively compact metal, such as lead, copper, tungsten, iron or their alloy.
Bullet 10 further includes the solid pellet 22 of the invention configured in its base portion 16.When emitting the ammunition, pellet
22 bleach heat because being heated.In the above-described embodiment, pellet 22 is heated by the propellant in burning ammunition shell,
But the pellet can be heated by any other suitable heat source.
Pellet 22 can be made by that can generate incandescent any suitable material.In some embodiments, pellet
22 are made of self-luminous solid material present invention as described above.This material is able to produce relatively compact, hard and lightweight
Pellet.The quality of the pellet is smaller than existing tracer material quality about 25-75%.In some embodiments, the pellet
Quality is about 0.1~about 75 gram, or more specifically about 0.5~about 3 gram.The pellet is hard enough, to bear gun barrel transmitting without broken
It is broken.
Material for manufacturing the solid pellet is machinable, non-hygroscopic, odorlessness/on-gaseous and is solid-state.
It processes the material and does not need special tool, technology or additional safety.The pellet can pass through any suitable method system
It makes.In some embodiments, the solid material is shaped using high-precision processing technology at a slow speed and technology is allowed.
When bullet 10 emits the flight of firing backward direction, white heat pellet 22 emits the low-light for being only capable of being observed from behind." only
Can be observed from behind " refer to that the visibility angle is less than 180 degree and (is wherein somebody's turn to do " visibility angle " and is defined as a bullet as vertex and bullet
Line between head and ejaculator is the angle of center line).In some embodiments, not less than about 90 degree of visibility angle.
Solid pellet 22 can be configured in any suitable manner in the base portion 16 of bullet 10, it is above-mentioned concealed special to provide
Property.In some embodiments, the bottom of the insertion of pellet 22 and/or recessed base portion 16.In the embodiment shown, bullet 10
Involucrum 18 extend downward beyond bottom a small distance of bullet core 20, depressed area or cavity are left in the bottom of involucrum 18
24.Pellet 22 can be pressed configuration or otherwise be configured inside the depressed area or cavity 24 securely, it is one
The feature being integrated to and piercing the bullet core or being encapsulated in copper shell case in bullet during manufacture.At this after transmitting
During bullet accelerates and flies, which is remained adhered on bullet 10.
Solid pellet 22 may have any suitable size.Pellet 22 is telescopic so that its dimensionally with difference
The ammunition of size configures.It is directly configured to for example, can be sized so as into 0.22 inch~0.50 inch range bore
Bullet base portion in.In some embodiments, the diameter of pellet 22 is 0.22 inch~40 millimeters small to medium caliber bullet
About the 85%~about 95% of medicine diameter or 105 millimeters~155 millimeters heavy caliber ammunition diameters about 15%~about 25%.
In addition, solid pellet 22 can have any suitable shape.In some embodiments, pellet 22 is usually disk
Shape, and can be described as disk.In some embodiments, which is shaped as taper, pyramid, straight cylinder or central hole
Straight cylinder.In the embodiment shown in figure 1A, pellet 22 is the disk that shape is right circular cylinder.The bullet shown in Fig. 2A
In 30 second embodiments, pellet 32 is to be configured to the Cone Disc of tip 34 outwardly from bullet rear portion.Bullet shown in Fig. 3
In first 40 third embodiment, pellet 42 is the straight cylinder disk for being configured to perforation, which has round hole through its center
44。
Pellet 22 keeps solid-state during shining.This makes luminous shape and size by geometry/ruler of pellet 22
Very little restriction.In some embodiments, luminous diameter is about 5 millimeters~about 25 millimeters.In some embodiments, for small
Calibre ammunition, ejaculator farthest about 800 meters apart from naked eye it is visible it is described shine, for medium caliber ammunition, ejaculator
Farthest about 1200 meters apart from naked eye it is visible it is described shine, for heavy caliber ammunition, ejaculator is at farthest about 4000 meters
It is visible described luminous apart from naked eye.
Figure 1B and 2B shows a kind of side that luminous shape and size can be limited by the geometry and size of the pellet
Formula.In each figure, shape from left to right shows the pellet state occurred with the increase of bullet transmitting range, these
It is the case where being observed offline behind bullet with minute angle.The light area at pellet center is light-emitting area.In fig. ib, directly
Cylindrical pellets 22 cause light-emitting area 50 to reduce with the increase of bullet transmitting range.In fig. 2b, tip is rearwardly directed to
Taper pellet 32 cause light-emitting area 52 to increase with the increase of bullet transmitting range.As ejaculator is at a distance from bullet
Increase, increased light-emitting area 52 keeps visibility.
After bullet disengaging is contacted with the combusting propellant in gun barrel, the luminous lasting progress of the pellet.In certain implementations
In mode, after pellet is exposed to combusting propellant, pellet lighting time interval is about 1 second~about 30 seconds.In certain implementations
In mode, this is seen after the time that ammunition is emitted about 1 second~about 10 seconds and is shone.The luminous duration is unrestricted, can
To extend in various Weapon Ranges.
Concealed tracer technique of the invention can possess many markets and products application.The market of this tracer ammunition is the whole world
Property, lay particular emphasis on joint services service (ground force, naval, air force, marine corps and special operations) and law enforcement agency.Another
Market is the tracer ammunition of the civil ejaculator of whole world pastime class.
Illuminator
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a kind of illuminator that can satisfy performance and environmental requirement and its preparations
Method.
The illuminator can be made of any one of above-mentioned self-luminous solid material.In some embodiments, it sends out
Body of light is made of ferrocerium.For purposes of clarity, it is related to ferrocerium although being described below, it is to be understood that being applicable to for it any
Material.
Have now found that: substitution ignition source and particular size hybrid technique are carried out non-obvious combination can be by ferrocerium
(also known as artificial flint) generates the bright illumination of streamer and/or form of glistening.Once it reported, ferrocerium cannot be done so.As described above
Like that, " the Material Data Safety table " of ferrocerium shows: cylindric ferrocerium pellet is " nonflammable " and non-ignitable.But it unexpectedly sends out
It is existing: can not only to be emitted by trajectory or be hit to light bright light, but also the generation of light, brightness, duration and greatly
The small use for all relying on bimodal size distribution mixture.
Specifically, bimodal compound includes the ferrocerium fragment (first of " the size reduction " of the smaller size specially set
The bimodal distribution of mode) and without size reduce " original " ferrocerium pellet (second mode).Fig. 4 shows of the invention shine
Body 60, it includes the bimodal compound of fragment 62 and pellet 64.
Equally non-obvious is discovery: the transmitting of (no abrasive material friction) rifle or ballistic impact can light ferrocerium, without
Need the second material.Ready-made ferrocerium pellet is lighted shock and insensitive.In " flint ram ", such as in lighter institute
As it was found that, it is necessary to rapidly ferrocerium pellet and abrasive material steel striker rub and light lighter stream to obtain white heat spark
Body., it is surprising that bimodal ferrocerium of the present inventor in low speed (≤1,000 feet per second) gunslinging or shock plastic housing is mixed
It can be lighted when closing object.Even if gun barrel or shell case do not include, any abrasive material hits material and unique ignition energy source is combustion
It burns propellant or low speed flies to soft (wood) target or the shock with soft (wood) target, be also able to achieve this light.
Inventor's discovery: in the bimodal compound of transmitting, shock and dispersion ferrocerium, the fragment that size reduces is lighted immediately
And burn rapidly, this lights unexpectedly biggish original pellet again.The diameter of gained long-life illumination is by each ferrocerium
The dispersion path length of grain is limited.Since aerodynamic drag is low, the fragment that size reduces is diffused into than entire pellet from rum point
Farther place.Due to the distribution dispersion of this size white heat ferrocerium particle, bright filariasis or strongly bright can get
Intense flash.
In contrast, after transmitting or shock, the disperse cloud of the ferrocerium fragment only reduced comprising size leads to moment point
Combustion, but generate the illumination of relative brevity, diffusivity (low-intensity).And only comprising initial ferrocerium pellet payload cause it is non-
Often low lights probability；Really occur if lighted, also only observes a small number of very dark luminous pellet stripeds and dim
Flash of light.
As described above, the bimodal compound of ferrocerium or other self-luminous solid materials include smaller size fragment and larger ruler
The mixture of very little pellet.The fragment and pellet may have any suitable size and shape.For example, the fragment can be by such as
Lower described crushes to prepare the fine debris of irregular shape, and pellet can be commercially available cylindrical pellets.One example
It is the right cylindrical pellet that length is 7 millimeters and diameter is 3.5 millimeters.
In some embodiments, the Feret's diameter of the fragment is from about 0.7 millimeter~about 1.8 millimeters, more particularly about
0.8 millimeter~about 1.7 millimeters, or more particularly approximately 1.25 millimeters.
In some embodiments, the Feret's diameter of the pellet is from about 2 millimeters~about 10 millimeters, more particularly from about
4 millimeters~about 6 millimeters, or more particularly about 5 millimeters.
In some embodiments, the Feret's diameter of pellet is about 2 times~about 12 times of Feret's diameter of fragment, more special
Not about 4 times~about 10 times, or more specifically about 4 times.
The Feret's diameter of object is also referred to as slide calliper rule diameter, is that two of the opposite side contacts with the object are parallel
The distance between tangent line.Feret's diameter is the gauge of granularity, but it also can be applied to biggish object.Asymmetric object
The diameter of body is different because of the difference of its orientation, so usually determining maximum value, minimum value and the average value of Feret's diameter.This
A little diameters can be used image analysis softwares from the image of object from obtaining.As used herein, Feret's diameter is defined as average
Feret's diameter.
The bimodal compound may include any proper amount of fragment and pellet.In some embodiments, this is bimodal mixed
Close object by mass percentage, comprising about 60%~about 90% fragment and about 10%~about 40% pellet, more specifically about
70%~about 85% fragment and about 30%~about 30% pellet, or more particularly about 81% fragment and about 19% core
Block.
In some embodiments, the fragment of the bimodal compound and the mass ratio of pellet are about 2:1~about 8:1, more
Specifically from about 3:1~about 5:1, or more specifically about 4:1.
The gross mass of fragment and pellet in bimodal compound can change according to the concrete application of illuminator used.At certain
In a little embodiments, the gross mass of bimodal compound is about 10~about 100 grams, more particularly about 20~about 50 grams, or particularly
It is about 25 grams.In one embodiment, bimodal compound includes about 22 grams of fragment and about 5 grams of pellet.
The bimodal compound of ferrocerium or other self-luminous solid materials can be manufactured by any suitable method.At certain
In a little embodiments, the fragment can be by the way that ferrocerium particulate abrasive to be made at smaller size of fragment.This grinding can be with
It is completed using crushing or particles versus particle grinding, several stone ferrocerium particles is processed into and are less than by once crushing
One achievable size of pellet.The method of this adjustment size manufactures or " reduction " ruler thinner than ready-made or " original " pellet
Very little asymmetric ferrocerium fragment.These sizes reduce fragment mixed with original pellet form it is wider various sizes of bimodal
Mixture.
Illuminator of the invention can be used for many different markets and products application, especially be desirable to generate any of illumination
The application of type.It is projectile (such as shot) that this, which may include some applications for being contained in projectile of illuminator, illuminator itself,
Some applications, and the other application unrelated with projectile.
Device comprising illuminator
The invention further relates to comprising illuminator and can generate the device of pole bright illumination.The illumination may include with streamer,
The visible light of flash of light or other forms.
The illuminator in lighting device of the invention includes the bimodal compound of suitable luminophor material.Example
Such as, it may include above-mentioned artificial metal's mixture, or other artificial materials containing at least one rare earth metal or it is any its
His suitable material.
The lighting device includes the illuminator for having the main body and configuration of internal cavities in the internal cavities.The dress
The main body set is configured to as projectile launch or is configured to comprising projectile.For example, the lighting device can be such as path
Or the projectile that target observation is touring, it is launched and awing generates streamer and/or glisten with being generated when target impact.Or
Person's lighting device can be the shot including shell case, include the pellet and fragment of projectile luminiferous material in the shell case.
The luminous physical efficiency response trajectory, which can be carried out, to be lighted and disperses, to generate illumination." trajectory energy " refers to when the hair
Body of light includes in a projectile or when illuminator itself is projectile is applied to any energy of the illuminator.This may include from opening
Rifle leave gun barrel to projectile before time in the energy (internal trajectory), the projectile that are applied leave after gun barrel and before hitting the mark
The energy (outer trajectory) applied, and/or the energy (terminal trajectory) applied when projectile impact target.
For example, when the device of the invention is shot, since trajectory acceleration period strength obtained is by the illuminator
Rupture is lighted.The material being released is lighted and awing effectively illuminates streamer to the firing line of target (shot-lines),
For example, clay winged target.
Fig. 5 shows the example of 70 embodiment of projectile of the present invention.There are various projectile whole designs, and this hair
Bright illuminator is applicable to any one of these designs.Projectile 70 includes projectile body 72, it is designed to bear percussion
When the energy that applies, while fragmentation when being designed to apply trajectory energy to the projectile 70.Trajectory can be, for example, to be applied during firing
External energy or the final energy that is applied when hitting target.
In some embodiments, which can be placed in comprising propellant and is used to emit the shell case of the projectile (not
Diagram) front end.In other implementations, which can be sent out with propellant (not shown) packed in artillery
It penetrates, and does not have to shell case and emit.In other implementations, which " no shell " ammunition can be used to be emitted, and wherein should
Shell is not made of metal, plastics or composite material, but the height by burning with suitable mechanical integrality but during transmitting
Energy material is made, to bear pressure and strength experienced during igniting and transmitting.Any suitable means can be used
Emit projectile 70.
The projectile body 72 can have any suitable construction and can be made by any suitable material.Main body 72 can
To be configured to multiple bores.In embodiment shown in Fig. 5, which includes two components: container 74 and pinnacle
Arch 76.Or the main body can have single member structure.
Shown in container 74 be the cylinder with closed rear end and open front.The container 74 can be by relatively solid
Material is made.
Lancet 76 is the dome-shaped cap in the front of projectile body 72.The lancet 76 (example by any suitable means
Such as screw thread, snap-fitted, interference fit or adhesive) it is fixed to the front end of container 74.
The lancet 76 is made of friable material, such as frangible plastics, ceramics or brittle metal, therefore, when this is penetrated
It divides (breaks up) when bullet 70 emits or hits with target.
As shown in figure 5, being hollow in container 74 and lancet 76 and there are internal cavities 78.Illuminator 60 of the invention
Configuration is in the cavity 78.In the present embodiment shown in, which is substantially filled with the cavity 78.As described above,
The illuminator 60 includes the bimodal compound or similar material of ferrocerium.
When emitting the projectile 70 or with target impact, 72 fragmentation of projectile body.When 72 fragmentation of projectile body
When, 60 disperse of illuminator simultaneously generates streamer or flash of light as extremely bright illumination.
The example that Fig. 6 shows two dimension diverging streamer or flash of light 90 that one is seen by ejaculator, is being flown by projectile 70
In row or hit produced by target.It can make streamer or sudden strain of a muscle by being modified to illuminator 60 and/or projectile body 72
The characteristic of light 90 is suitble to special-purpose.
In some embodiments, which has daytime at farthest about 4000 meters apart from the visible brightness of naked eye.
In some embodiments, the duration of the illumination is about 0.1 second~about 5 seconds, or more particularly about 1 second~about
2 seconds.
In some embodiments, the Feret's diameter of the illumination is about 0.1 meter~about 3 meters, or more particularly about 0.5 meter
~about 1 meter.
Lighting device of the invention has many applications, is related to military, law enforcement and civilian application including those.
Variable color self-luminous solid material
In some embodiments, self-luminous artificial material of the invention has " variable color property ", that is, a kind of to protect
Hold the different colours of all functions of tracer ammunition after emitting.Current in use, the transmitting of existing tracer shell does not only disclose
Destination path, but also warned ammunition soon to exhaust or assisted team command person concentrate firepower when there is prompt/such as prompt.
By loading tracer shell before last wheel (ball rounds) in magazine or bearing band, when observing luminous, just alert
Ejaculator needs to reload ammunition or the adjustment ammunition direction of the launch.If tracer shell wheel (tracer can be made by the present invention
Round) become precisely and cheap as ammunition wheel, then it is contemplated that transmitting all tracer shells in cartridge clip and bearing band.Such as
This thing happens for fruit, and all firepower all shine, and will lose the warning for exhausting ammunition of tracer shell and cooperate with the function of firepower.
Different self-luminous tracer shells is loaded before concealed tracer shell by other colorings last in magazine or bearing band, can be obtained
Obtain two miscellaneous functions of (overcome) tracer shell.When observing that different colorings shine, ejaculator is needed by warning again
It reloads ammunition or changes firepower direction.
In some embodiments, self luminous material is mischmetal or ferrocerium, they issue yellow~red
Color (577~700 nano wave length).By equably by least one of metal composites ingredient (especially rare earth element)
Concentration enrichment, the spectral region can extend to whiter light (380~750 nano wave length), and the white light is by all visible face
Color (red, yellow and green) is constituted.Because the enrichment of pellet needs different more complicated manufacturing process, this will lead to cost
Increase, therefore for most of transmittings, the yellow-red concealed tracer shell with aequum metal be it is ideal, it is on the contrary
When the signal for the signal or concentrate firepower that ammunition to be emitted exhausts, the tracer shell of whiteness tracer bullet or other colorings can be emitted.
The self luminous solid material of variable color of the invention includes:
Modified artificial metal's mixture, containing at least one rare earth metal, which can induce wave-length coverage
For 380~750 nanometers of variable color self-luminous；By equably by the self luminous original artificial metal mixture of primary colors extremely
A kind of concentration enrichment of few metal is modified the metal mixture；Wherein, the variable color and the primary colors be not
Together.
Variable color tracer cartridge bag of the invention includes:
Projectile comprising the variable color solid material to shine when the projectile flight；The variable color material packet
Containing the modified artificial metal mixture for containing at least one rare earth metal, the rare earth metal can induce to receive with 380-750
The variable color self-luminous of rice range of wavelength；The metal mixture passes through equably by the self luminous original artificial metal of primary colors
The concentration enrichment of at least one of mixture metal is modified；Wherein, the variable color is different from the primary colors.
In the certain embodiments of variable color tracer ammunition, when variable color tracer ammunition with shine in different colors
Other tracer ammunitions when being used together, which keeps the function of the ammunition, i.e., exhausted with destination path, ammunition and
Cooperate with the relevant function of at least one of firepower.In other words, which there is one kind to be able to maintain tracer ammunition after transmitting
The different colours of function, the color be for disclosing destination path, ammunition exhausts and cooperates with firepower.
Variable color lighting device of the invention includes:
Device is configured to as projectile launch or is configured to comprising projectile, and described device includes that can respond trajectory
Can and the illuminator that illumination is generated with disperse can be lighted, the illuminator include variable color material bimodal compound；It is described
Variable color material includes the modified artificial metal mixture containing at least one rare earth metal, and the rare earth metal, which can induce, is
Variable color self-luminous with 380-750 nanometer range wavelength；The metal mixture passes through equably by primary colors self-luminous
The concentration enrichment of at least one of original artificial metal mixture metal be modified；Wherein, the variable color and institute
State primary colors difference.
Flash self-luminous solid material
In some embodiments, self luminous artificial material of the invention has " scintillation properties ", that is, a kind of energy interval
Ground, which extends, emits shining for tracer ammunition visible range.Current in use, existing tracer provides continuous illumination, usually
Emitted with (100~300 meters) of short distance；Be more night transmitting and it is more common be in the not bery bright (product of surface condition
Snow covering or white sand) it descends to emit.Even if these reliabilities being observed that shine also are far below under these advantages
100%.It, can be if the present invention can make tracer shell wheel (tracer round) become as ammunition wheel precisely and cheap
Farther distance；More often in daytime；And more often in emitting tracer shell under the conditions of bright sand ground or snowfield.If it happens
Such case, the reliability being observed that shines reduce.By it is modified to the self-luminous so that the self-luminous intermittently or
Person shows the observability of " flashing " or " glittering " Lai Tigao tracer shell.This phenomenon can be proved by candle flame: when
It is burnt under windy conditions so that its flashing can be extremely remote when than shining with burning and do not move at all under the conditions of static wind
Pass through naked eye to the candle flame.
In some embodiments, which is a kind of mischmetal or ferrocerium being uniformly mixed,
These mischmetals or ferrocerium continuously issue yellow~red color (577~700 nano wave length).By unevenly
By the concentration enrichment of at least one of metal composites ingredient (especially rare earth element), spectrum output will be by brighter, darker
Or the cyclic flashing of the light (red, yellow and green) of different colours interrupts.This will generate a kind of flicker effect, very bright
Under conditions of bright, this flicker effect can more reliably be observed by naked eye in great distances.Because pellet is uneven
Enrichment needs different more complicated manufacturing process, this may cause increased costs, therefore have Multiple components mixed uniformly
Constant self-luminous secret tracer shell is in most cases preferred, and flashes tracer then as needed in remote and pole
Emitted under conditions of bright.
Flashing self-luminous solid material of the invention includes:
Modified artificial metal's mixture can be induced it includes at least one to flash self luminous rare earth metal；It is described
The concentration enrichment of at least one of original artificial metal mixture metal by being unevenly modified by metal mixture；
Wherein, with it is constant it is luminous compared with, the flashing increases the luminous visibility.
Flashing tracer cartridge bag of the invention includes:
Projectile, it includes the solid materials of the flashing when the projectile flight；The solid material includes containing extremely
Few one kind can induce to flash the modified artificial metal mixture of self luminous rare earth metal；The metal mixture passes through unevenness
The concentration enrichment of at least one of original artificial metal mixture metal is modified evenly；Wherein, it shines with constant
It compares, the flashing increases the luminous visibility.
In some embodiments, the flashing increases it is observed that the luminous distance and/or raising energy
Observe the luminous reliability.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a kind of concealed tracer ammunitions, wherein the self-luminous is discontinuous, is
Interval, wherein the visible optical flare shone distance and is observed described luminous reliable with increasing described shine
Property.
Blinking illumination device of the invention includes:
Device is configured to as projectile launch or is configured to comprising projectile, and described device includes that can respond trajectory
Can and light the illuminator that illumination is generated with disperse, the illuminator include generate blinking illumination solid material it is bimodal mixed
Close object；The solid material includes to mix containing at least one induce for the modified artificial metal of the self luminous rare earth metal of flashing
Close object；The metal mixture passes through unevenly by the concentration enrichment of at least one of original artificial metal mixture metal
It is modified；Wherein, compared with constant illumination, the blinking illumination increases the visibility of the illumination.
Cooperate with firepower
The method of collaboration firepower of the invention includes:
Multidigit ejaculator emits ammunition to predeterminated target, and the ammunition includes the solid people containing at least one rare earth metal
Metal mixture is made, when the ammunition emits the flight of firing backward direction, issues the light being only observed from behind；Described shine mentions
It has supplied to be not intended the visual cues that target is seen, the predeterminated target is that the multidigit ejaculator does not need world-of-mouth communication and assists
With the predeterminated target for merging firepower.
In some embodiments, the method for cooperateing with firepower includes the use of self-luminescent material, wherein described shine is to dodge
Bright or described shine is variable color.
It has explained in the preferred embodiment and has illustrated the principle of the present invention and operation mode.However, Ying Li
Solution can practice the present invention with the other way other than particular explanation and explanation, without departing from spirit of the invention or
Range.
Claims (60)
1. a kind of secret tracer ammunition comprising:
Projectile body, with tip and base portion；With
Solid pellet is configured in the base portion of the projectile body；
When emitting the tracer ammunition, pellet white heat due to heating；
When the tracer ammunition transmitting firing backward direction flight, white heat pellet issues the light being only observed from behind.
2. secret tracer ammunition as described in claim 1, wherein the pellet includes oxide and at least one containing iron
Artificial metal's mixture of rare earth metal.
3. secret tracer ammunition as claimed in claim 2, wherein artificial metal's mixture includes mischmetal.
4. secret tracer ammunition as claimed in claim 3, wherein artificial metal's mixture includes ferrocerium.
5. secret tracer ammunition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the ferrocerium is the ferrocerium of rich iron-containing oxide.
6. secret tracer ammunition as described in claim 1, further includes the shell with open end, the shell is metal, gathers
The shell of object, composite material or high energy material is closed, the projectile body is equipped in the shell nozzle end, the shell
Comprising burning when emitting the ammunition to generate the propellant of the propulsive force of the projectile body, the burning of the propellant will
The pellet heating, so that the pellet white heat.
7. concealed tracer ammunition as described in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the ammunition emits firing backward direction
When flight, the quality of the white heat pellet is not reduced.
8. concealed tracer ammunition as described in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the luminous shapes and sizes are by institute
The shapes and sizes for stating pellet limit.
9. concealed tracer ammunition as described in any one of the preceding claims, wherein for Small-Caliber Ammunition, ejaculator is most
Remote about 800 meters apart from naked eye it is visible it is described shine, for medium caliber ammunition, distance of the ejaculator at farthest about 1200 meters
Naked eye is visible described luminous, and for heavy caliber ammunition, ejaculator is at farthest about 4000 meters apart from the visible hair of naked eye
Light.
10. concealed tracer ammunition as described in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the luminous duration is about 1
~10 seconds.
11. concealed tracer ammunition as described in any one of the preceding claims, wherein after the propellant stops burning,
Described shine continues.
12. concealed tracer ammunition as described in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the light-emitting area is with the ammunition
Range straggling increase and increase, with it is described distance increase when keep visibility.
13. concealed tracer ammunition as described in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the luminous diameter is about 5~25
Millimeter.
14. concealed tracer ammunition as described in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the diameter of the pellet is 0.22 inch
Small-Caliber Ammunition diameter about 85%~about 95% or 105 millimeters~155 millimeters heavy caliber ammunition diameters are about in~40 millimeters
15%~about 15%.
15. concealed tracer ammunition as described in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pellet is disk.
16. secret tracer ammunition as claimed in claim 15, wherein the disk is configured to taper, pyramid, straight cylinder
The right cylindrical of shape or central hole.
17. concealed tracer ammunition as described in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pellet is embedded in the base portion.
18. a kind of self-luminous solid material comprising:
Artificial metal's mixture, the oxide containing iron and at least one rare earth metal；
The material can be induced by flame ignition for the self-luminous of yellow~red (577~700 nano wave length).
19. self-luminous solid material as claimed in claim 18, wherein after the material is exposed to the flame, institute
Self-luminous is stated for about 10 seconds~about 30 seconds, at least about 1600 DEG C of the temperature of the flame (2912 ℉).
20. the self-luminous solid material as described in any one of claim 18-19, wherein in about 300 meters~about 800 meters models
At the distance enclosed, the self-luminous be bright enough to daytime naked eye as it can be seen that and night use heat or infrared visible optical viewer
It can be seen that.
21. the self-luminous solid material as described in any one of claim 18-20, wherein the self luminous shape, ruler
Very little, duration and visibility are limited by the shape and size of the metal.
22. the self-luminous solid material as described in any one of claim 18-21, wherein the self-luminous is drawn by heat release
It rises.
23. the self-luminous solid material as described in any one of claim 18-22, wherein the material keeps it initial
Physical form, and do not reduce its quality during self-luminous.
24. the self-luminous solid material as described in any one of claim 18-23, wherein the material be with tip and
The conical disc or pyramid disk of base portion, when observer is directed toward at the tip, the self luminous area is in the material to hair
Increase when penetrating direction movement keeps the visibility of transmitting position when the distance between the material and the observer increases.
25. the self-luminous solid material as described in any one of claim 18-24, wherein the metal mixture is mixing
Rare earth.
26. self-luminous solid material as claimed in claim 25, wherein the mischmetal is rich iron-containing oxide.
27. self-luminous solid material as claimed in claim 25, wherein the mischmetal is ferrocerium.
28. a kind of lighting device comprising:
The main-body structure is as projectile launch or to be configured to contain projectile with internal cavities by main body；With
Illuminator configures in the cavity, and the illuminator includes the bimodal compound of luminescent material；
The illuminator can be lighted with disperse in response to trajectory energy to generate illumination.
29. lighting device as claimed in claim 28, wherein the illumination includes streamer and/or flash of light.
30. the lighting device as described in any one of claim 28-29, wherein described during transmitting and/or when hitting
Trajectory can be applied on the illuminator.
31. the lighting device as described in any one of claim 28-29, wherein by the main-body structure for as projectile hair
It penetrates, the flash of light when illumination includes streamer and/or shock in-flight.
32. the lighting device as described in any one of claim 28-29, wherein the main body is shone comprising the projectile
The shot shell of body, the illumination include streamer in-flight.
33. the lighting device as described in any one of claim 28-29, wherein the luminescent material includes the oxygen containing iron
Artificial metal's mixture of compound and at least one rare earth metal.
34. the lighting device as described in any one of claim 28-29, wherein the luminescent material includes ferrocerium.
35. the lighting device as described in any one of claim 28-29, wherein the bimodal compound is smaller size
The mixture of fragment and the pellet of larger size.
36. lighting device as claimed in claim 35, wherein the Feret's diameter of the fragment is about 0.7 millimeter~about 1.8
Millimeter, the Feret's diameter of the pellet is about 2 millimeters~about 10 millimeters.
37. lighting device as claimed in claim 36, wherein the Feret's diameter of the pellet is the Fei Leite of the fragment
About 2 times~about 12 times of diameter.
38. the lighting device as described in any one of claim 36-37, wherein the bimodal compound is by mass percentage
Meter, includes about 60%~about 90% fragment and about 10%~about 40% pellet.
39. the lighting device as described in any one of claim 36-38, wherein the fragment and pellet of the bimodal compound
Mass ratio be about 2:1~about 8:1.
40. lighting device described in any one of claim 36-39, wherein prepare the fragment by crushing.
41. the lighting device as described in any one of claim 28-40, wherein the brightness of the illumination is farthest on daytime
About 4000 meters visible apart from naked eye.
42. the lighting device as described in any one of claim 28-41, wherein the duration of the illumination is about 0.1 second
~about 5 seconds.
43. the lighting device as described in any one of claim 28-42, wherein the Feret's diameter of the illumination is about 0.1
Rice~about 3 meters.
44. a kind of illuminator comprising:
Bimodal compound is artificial metal's mixture comprising ferriferous oxide and at least one rare earth metal；
Wherein, the bimodal compound is the mixture of smaller size fragment and larger size pellet；
The illuminator can be lighted with disperse in response to trajectory energy to generate illumination.
45. illuminator as claimed in claim 44, wherein the illumination includes streamer and/or flash of light.
46. illuminator described in any one of claim 44-45, wherein the metal mixture includes ferrocerium.
47. the illuminator as described in any one of claim 44-46, wherein the Feret's diameter of the fragment is about 0.7 milli
Rice~about 1.8 millimeters, the Feret's diameter of the pellet is about 2 millimeters~about 10 millimeters.
48. the illuminator as described in any one of claim 44-47, wherein the Feret's diameter of the pellet is described broken
About 2 times~about 12 times of the Feret's diameter of piece.
49. illuminator described in any one of claim 44-48, wherein the bimodal compound by mass percentage, wraps
Containing about 60%~about 90% fragment and about 10%~about 40% pellet.
50. illuminator described in any one of claim 44-49, wherein the fragment of the bimodal compound and the matter of pellet
Measuring ratio is about 2:1~about 8:1.
51. a kind of variable color self-luminous solid material comprising:
Modified artificial metal's mixture, it includes can induce for the variable color with 380-750 nanometer range wavelength it is spontaneous
At least one rare earth metal of light；
The metal mixture by equably by the concentration enrichment of at least one of original artificial metal mixture metal into
Row is modified, and the original artificial metal mixture can induce for primary colors self-luminous；
Wherein, the variable color is different from the primary colors.
52. a kind of variable color tracer ammunition comprising:
Projectile, it includes luminous variable color solid materials when the projectile flight；
The variable color material includes the modified artificial metal mixture containing at least one rare earth metal, the rare earth metal
It can induce for the variable color self-luminous with 380-750 nanometer range wavelength；
The metal mixture by equably by the concentration enrichment of at least one of original artificial metal mixture metal into
Row is modified, and the original artificial metal mixture can induce for primary colors self-luminous；
Wherein, the variable color is different from the primary colors.
53. variable color tracer ammunition as claimed in claim 52, wherein when the tracers to shine in different colors with others
When ammunition is used together, the variable color keeps the function of the ammunition, i.e., firepower is exhausted and cooperateed with destination path, ammunition
At least one of related function.
54. a kind of variable color lighting device comprising:
Device is configured to as projectile launch or is configured to comprising projectile, and described device includes energy in response to trajectory energy
The illuminator that illumination is generated with disperse is lighted, which includes the bimodal compound of variable color material；
The variable color material includes the modified artificial metal mixture containing at least one rare earth metal, the rare earth metal
It can induce for the variable color self-luminous with 380-750 nanometer range wavelength；
The metal mixture by equably by the concentration enrichment of at least one of original artificial metal mixture metal into
Row is modified, and the original artificial metal mixture can induce for primary colors self-luminous；
Wherein, the variable color is different from the primary colors.
55. a kind of flashing self-luminous solid material comprising:
Modified artificial metal's mixture can be induced it includes at least one to flash self luminous rare earth metal；
The metal mixture passes through unevenly by the concentration enrichment of at least one of original artificial metal mixture metal
It is modified；
Wherein, with it is constant it is luminous compared with, the flashing increases the luminous visibility.
56. a kind of flashing tracer ammunition comprising:
Projectile, it includes the solid materials of the flashing when the projectile flight；
The solid material includes to mix containing at least one induce for the modified artificial metal of the self luminous rare earth metal of flashing
Close object；
The metal mixture passes through unevenly by the concentration enrichment of at least one of original artificial metal mixture metal
It is modified；
Wherein, with it is constant it is luminous compared with, the flashing increases the luminous visibility.
57. flashing tracer ammunition as claimed in claim 56, wherein the flashing increases it is observed that described shine
Distance and it is observed that the luminous reliability.
58. a kind of blinking illumination device comprising:
Device is configured to as projectile launch or is configured to comprising projectile, and described device includes energy in response to trajectory energy
The illuminator that illumination is generated with disperse is lighted, the illuminator includes the bimodal mixing for generating the solid material of blinking illumination
Object；
The solid material includes to mix containing at least one induce for the modified artificial metal of the self luminous rare earth metal of flashing
Close object；
The metal mixture passes through unevenly by the concentration enrichment of at least one of original artificial metal mixture metal
It is modified；
Wherein, compared with constant illumination, the blinking illumination increases the visibility of the illumination.
59. the method for cooperateing with firepower comprising:
Multidigit ejaculator emits ammunition to predeterminated target, and the ammunition includes solid artificial's gold containing at least one rare earth metal
Belong to mixture, when the ammunition emits the flight of firing backward direction, the ammunition issues the light for being only capable of being observed from behind；
Luminous provide is not intended the visual cues that target is seen, the predeterminated target is that the multidigit ejaculator is not required to
It wants world-of-mouth communication and cooperates with the predeterminated target for merging firepower.
60. the method for collaboration firepower as claimed in claim 59, wherein described shine is flashing either variable color.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201662428654P | 2016-12-01 | 2016-12-01 | |
| US15/366,323 US10422613B2 (en) | 2016-12-01 | 2016-12-01 | Illuminants and illumination devices |
| US15/366,269 US10557696B2 (en) | 2016-12-01 | 2016-12-01 | Self-glowing materials and tracer ammunition |
| US62/428,654 | 2016-12-01 | ||
| US15/366,323 | 2016-12-01 | ||
| US15/366,269 | 2016-12-01 | ||
| PCT/US2017/064360 WO2018102784A1 (en) | 2016-12-01 | 2017-12-01 | Self-glowing materials, tracer ammunition, and illumination devices |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110325814A true CN110325814A (en) | 2019-10-11 |
| CN110325814B CN110325814B (en) | 2022-07-22 |
Family
ID=60972329
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201780084669.5A Active CN110325814B (en) | 2016-12-01 | 2017-12-01 | Self-luminous material, tracer ammunition and lighting device |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3548834B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN110325814B (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112019011338A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA3045649A1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL267032A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2018102784A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201904329B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112457143A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-09 | 山西江阳兴安民爆器材有限公司 | Emulsion explosive containing tracer marker and preparation method thereof |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3548834B1 (en) | 2021-08-11 |
| EP3548834A1 (en) | 2019-10-09 |
| CN110325814B (en) | 2022-07-22 |
| BR112019011338A2 (en) | 2019-10-15 |
| ZA201904329B (en) | 2020-09-30 |
| CA3045649A1 (en) | 2018-06-07 |
| WO2018102784A1 (en) | 2018-06-07 |
| IL267032A (en) | 2019-07-31 |
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