CN110321587A - Rail vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation method based on numerical simulation - Google Patents
Rail vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation method based on numerical simulation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The rail vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation method based on numerical simulation that the present invention relates to a kind of, comprising: vehicle tunnel motion model needed for establishing numerical simulation；Vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula is emulated and be fitted, determines additional air resistance due to tunnel correction formula；The revised vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula of simulating, verifying.The present invention moves suffered air drag numerical value for common rail vehicle model under tunnel operating condition and carries out numerical simulation calculation.Compared with the conventional method, the calculating of the present invention increase vehicle total length and tunnel blockage ratio parameter, the defects of rail vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula, perfect existing tunnel air additional drag calculation formula are corrected, the accuracy and applicability of calculation formula are improved.Additional air resistance due to tunnel can be precalculated during rail vehicle early development by the method, matching type selecting is drawn to vehicle, energy consumption calculation provides support.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to vehicle air drag evaluation technical field more particularly to a kind of rail vehicles based on numerical simulation
Additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation method.
Background technique
Height and the resistance suffered by rail vehicle for drawing energy consumption are closely related.Vehicle in motion, the resistance to be overcome
One of power is air drag.With the increase of vehicle driving speed, air drag is increasingly becoming most important car resistance.When
Before, rail tunnel is numerous, and when vehicle enters tunnel, suffered air drag and open-wire line state operation phase difference are very
Greatly.Additional air resistance due to tunnel refers to air drag attached when train enters tunnel.Since train enters tunnel, make air
The sectional area of flowing reduces, thus the flow velocity of air improves and the air on train head is dilute by the air of compression and tail portion
The case where releasing outside tunnel than aggravating, so the air drag of effect ON TRAINS increases.One suitable efficiently vehicle tunnel
Air additional drag calculation method calculates driving condition, vehicle performance and operation energy consumption of the analysis rail vehicle in tunnel,
And the later period improvement of rail vehicle is particularly significant.
And in existing additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation method, wind tunnel test and coasting test have certain limitation
Property, usually after the completion of automobile development, existing vehicle vehicle is tested, during inconvenience is to the early development of vehicle vehicle
Power matching is instructed.In addition, the additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula error that existing traction calculates is larger, only embody
Influence of the length of tunnel parameter to tunnel additive air resistance, does not embody the shadow of the key factors such as Vehicle length and blockage ratio
It rings, therefore can not accurately calculate vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel.Therefore, it is necessary to it is directed to rail vehicle, consideration Vehicle length,
The influence of the factors such as blockage ratio, the faster and accurate calculation method of designed path vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides on the basis of above-mentioned existing tunnel air additional drag calculation is insufficient for rail vehicle
A kind of rail vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation method based on numerical simulation, amendment additional air resistance due to tunnel calculate
Formula, perfect existing air additional drag the defects of calculate, and improve the accurate of additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula
Property, solution is provided to realize that rail vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel accurately quickly calculates.
To achieve the goals above, the additional resistance of the rail vehicle tunnel air based on numerical simulation that the present invention provides a kind of
Power calculation method, comprising the following steps:
(S1) vehicle tunnel motion model needed for establishing numerical simulation；
(S2) it emulates and is fitted vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula, determine that additional air resistance due to tunnel amendment is public
Formula；
(S3) the revised vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula of simulating, verifying.
Preferably, the method for vehicle tunnel motion model needed for step (S1) establishes numerical simulation are as follows:
Rail vehicle threedimensional model is established, flow field regions are used using tetrahedral grid and encryption, car body at headstock
Hexahedral mesh；
The sliding mesh model of tunnel space, and grid division are established along vehicle traffic direction；
Boundary condition defines: tunnel portal is set as pressure entrance boundary condition, and tunnel exit is set as pressure export side
Boundary's condition, tunnel wall surface and ground and rail vehicle wall surface use wall boundary condition, and exchange face boundary condition is set as interior
Portion face；Moving region two-port is set as pressure export, and turbulence model uses standard k-ε model.
Preferably, step (S2) emulates and is fitted vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula, determines that tunnel air is attached
Add the method for viscous drag correction formula are as follows:
Building is about vehicle total length L, the vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel multinomial of tunnel blockage ratio R and speed v
Fs(L, R, v), L, R, v are input parameter, FsFor additional air resistance due to tunnel；
Vehicle is set, the difference of parameter model (L, R, v) is carried out to vehicle total length L, tunnel blockage ratio R and speed v
Combination, carries out numerical simulation respectively, and simulation calculation goes out in tunnel to run the air drag F of vehicles1, open-wire line air drag Fs0With
And coefficient of air resistance Cn；
According to formula Fs=Fs1-Fs0, calculate separately out corresponding additional air resistance due to tunnel Fs；
Data process of fitting treatment seeks vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel multinomial Fs(L, R, v) obtains vehicle tunnel air
Additional drag correction formula.
Preferably, the method for vehicle tunnel air viscous drag correction formula is sought are as follows:
Respectively by each group additional air resistance due to tunnel FsSubstitute into vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel multinomial FsIn (L, R, v),
Obtain polynomial equation；Using APSO Modified particle swarm optimization algorithm as approximating method, using variance as optimization aim, iteration
It calculates, is fitted additional air resistance due to tunnel FsWith the relationship of vehicle total length L, tunnel blockage ratio R and speed v, vehicle is obtained
Additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula.
Preferably, the method for the revised vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula of step (S3) simulating, verifying are as follows:
Vehicle is set, changes vehicle total length L, the value of tunnel blockage ratio R and speed v, revised tunnel will be passed through
Air additional drag calculation formula obtains coefficient of air resistance CmThe coefficient of air resistance C obtained with emulationnIt is compared, judges
Relative error verifies vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula.
Compared with prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:
The rail vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation method based on numerical simulation that the present invention provides a kind of, for normal
Rail vehicle model moves suffered air drag numerical value under tunnel typical condition and carries out numerical simulation calculation.It was emulating
Rule sexually revises vehicle total length L, tunnel blockage ratio R and speed v relevant parameter in journey, by obtained a large amount of simulation results
Summarize, and the relationship between air drag suffered by parameter and auto model is fitted using APSO particle group optimizing method, shape
At new vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel fast calculation formulae.When headstock coefficient of air resistance, Vehicle length, blockage ratio and row
When sailing known to speed parameter, directly parameter is substituted into and calculates additional air resistance due to tunnel.
(1) compared with the conventional method, the present invention increases the calculating of Vehicle length and tunnel blockage ratio parameter.It is perfect existing
The defects of additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula improves the accuracy and applicability of calculation formula.Exist by the method
Additional air resistance due to tunnel can be precalculated during rail vehicle early development, to optimize vehicle air power performance, to vehicle
Traction matching type selecting, energy consumption calculation provide support；Tunnel Design construction can be served, simultaneously to reach the mesh of energy-saving and emission-reduction
's.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is rail vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is sliding mesh schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is additional air resistance due to tunnel coefficient timeamplitude map.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is further described below in conjunction with attached drawing.
The present invention is directed to the aerodynamic Drag Calculation of rail vehicle, provides a kind of rail vehicle tunnel based on numerical simulation
Air additional drag calculation method, with reference to shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, specifically includes the following steps:
(S1) vehicle tunnel motion model needed for establishing numerical simulation.
1. establishing rail vehicle threedimensional model:
Specifically, establishing rail vehicle threedimensional model in the present embodiment, auto model selects urban rail headstock, draws in grid
In point, for the variation in flow field around accurate simulation car body, flow field regions are using four sides at the headstock changed greatly to curved surface
It volume mesh and is encrypted, headstock wall surface size of mesh opening is 0.01m, uses hexahedral mesh to car body.
2. establishing the sliding mesh model of tunnel space:
Since there are relative motions between vehicle and tunnel, flow field patterns is caused to change over time, for simulating vehicle and
There are relative motion between tunnel, numerical value calculating is carried out using sliding mesh method in the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, when vehicle to
When preceding movement, region 1 and vehicle are travelled forward with same speed, and region 2 is static, and region 1 is set as moving region, region 2
It is set as stagnant zone, the information exchange between stagnant zone and moving region is carried out by exchange face.Adjustment length of tunnel L makes
It obtains aerodynamic drag of the vehicle in tunnel to stablize, initial position of the vehicle in tunnel is vehicle center point away from tunnel portal 200m
Place；In simulation model building, the sliding mesh model of tunnel space is established along vehicle traffic direction, tunnel circular diameter is by emulating
Blockage ratio R in experiment is determined.
3. boundary condition defines:
Tunnel portal is set as pressure entrance boundary condition, and tunnel exit is set as pressure export boundary condition, tunnel wall
Face and ground and rail vehicle wall surface use wall boundary condition, and exchange face boundary condition is set as inside face；Region 1 slides
Speed setting is identical as speed, and 1 two-port of region is set as pressure export, and vehicle traffic direction is x positive direction.Gas material is set
Air can be pressed by being set to, and turbulence model uses standard k-ε model.
Auto model runs 30s, aerodynamic drag in Selecting All Parameters model analysis tunnel in tunnel.For the ease of analyzing,
Coefficient of air resistance is converted by air drag, is illustrated in figure 3 coefficient of air resistance time-histories when model is run in tunnel
Curve graph, it can be seen that with the increase of vehicle runing time in tunnel, aerodynamic drag tends towards stability.For vehicle launch
Resistance analysis chooses the pneumatic drag coefficient average value in Δ t=3s as reference value, and pneumatic drag coefficient fluctuates in Δ t
Relative error be 10-5。
(S2) it emulates and is fitted vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula, determine that additional air resistance due to tunnel amendment is public
Formula.
1. constructing multinomial about the vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel of vehicle total length L, tunnel blockage ratio R and speed v
Formula Fs(L, R, v), L, R, v are input parameter, FsFor additional air resistance due to tunnel；
Specifically, considering additional air resistance due to tunnel FsIt is linearly related with vehicle total length L, with speed v in quadratic form
Relationship is in the relationship of quadratic form with tunnel blockage ratio R.And vehicle total length L, speed v, tunnel blockage ratio R are attached to tunnel air
Add resistance FsInfluence exist intercouple, propose following additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula:
Fs=β1Lv2R2+β2Lv2R+β3LvR2+β4LvR+β5Lv2+β6LR2+β7v2R2
+β8v2R+β9vR2+β10Lv+β11LR+β12vR+β13v2+β14R2+β15L+β16R+β17v+β18
(1)
Therefore, as long as determining parameter beta by numbered analog simulationi(i=1,2,3 ... 18) value, so that it may determine tunnel
Air additional drag Fs(L,R,v).Therefore, emulation experiment uses control variate method in the present embodiment, only changes in every group of experiment
The value of one independent variable (L, R, v), come the relationship probed between the amount and stress being changed.By a large amount of emulation experiment data
It is drawn in same coordinate, so as to obtain the expression formula in additional air resistance due to tunnel correction formula to fitting coefficient.
2. setting vehicle, parameter model (L, R, v) is carried out no to vehicle total length L, tunnel blockage ratio R and speed v
With combination, numerical simulation is carried out respectively, and simulation calculation goes out in tunnel to run the air drag F of vehicles1, open-wire line air drag Fs0
And coefficient of air resistance Cn。
Specifically, setting connection director between vehicle car is using urban rail car as example in software emulation experiment
0.8m, front face area 9.8m2.To obtain between tunnel additive air resistance and tunnel blockage ratio R, vehicle total length L and speed v
Relationship, set urban rail car tunnel moving model in the case where front face area S and power diameter d are remained unchanged, total length L from
71m progressively increases to 139.4m, sets 4 kinds of length models altogether.Tunnel blockage ratio R takes 0.31,0.35,0.39,0.44 and 0.48
I.e. 5 kinds typical tunnel blockage ratio models.Speed v is set as the typical vehicle in 20km/h, 40km/h, 60km/h and 80km/h i.e. 4 kind
Fast model.In conjunction with the above three classes parameter model, air drag F suffered by vehicle in 80 groups of tunnels is carried out in totals1Emulation experiment,
In addition 16 groups of open-wire line air drag F are carried out with identical auto models0Contrast simulation experiment.
3. then, according to formula Fs=Fs1-Fs0, calculate separately out corresponding additional air resistance due to tunnel Fs。
4. 80 groups of additional air resistance due to tunnel value F that calculating is found outsSubstitute into vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel multinomial Fs
In (L, R, v) i.e. formula 1, Polynomial equations are obtained；Using APSO Modified particle swarm optimization algorithm as approximating method, with side
Difference is used as optimization aim, by 104Secondary iterative calculation can find out parameter beta to be identifiedi(i=1,2,3 ... 18) value can determine
About additional air resistance due to tunnel FsWith the relationship of vehicle total length L, tunnel blockage ratio R and speed v, vehicle tunnel sky is obtained
Gas additional drag calculation formula, i.e. formula 1.
(S3) the revised vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula of simulating, verifying.
To verify additional air resistance due to tunnel fast calculation formulae, vehicle is set, the headstock of urban rail car is selected, passes through change
Vehicle total length L, speed v and tunnel blockage ratio R will obtain air by revised additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula
Resistance coefficient CmThe coefficient of air resistance C obtained with emulationnIt is compared, records 80 groups of emulation data and fitting formula is calculated and tied
The relative error of fruit judges relative error, verifies vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula.In the present embodiment, 80 groups pairs
Average relative error value than test is 11.7%, considers that vehicle runs the dynamic complexity of Airflow, fitting number in tunnel
It is influenced according to the simulation accuracy for measuring big and simulation software, additional air resistance due to tunnel modified computing formulae more accurate can calculate
Different vehicle total length L, speed v and vehicle and the additional air resistance due to tunnel value F under the conditions of tunnel blockage ratio R outs。
It is worth noting that, in the present embodiment when known to headstock coefficient of air resistance, by headstock coefficient of air resistance C1、
The parameters such as vehicle total length L and tunnel blockage ratio R, speed v, which substitute into, to be calculated, and additional air resistance due to tunnel value can directly be calculated
Fs；Meanwhile be provided with vehicle head dummy picture library, when vehicle headstock coefficient of air resistance is unknown, can a key operation, in vehicle head dummy
Headstock model similar in selected shape in picture library obtains headstock coefficient of air resistance information, in conjunction with the additional resistance of vehicle tunnel air
Power fast calculation formulae, additional air resistance due to tunnel value Fs。
In summary, rail vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel quick calculation method of the invention, for common track
Auto model moves suffered air drag numerical value under tunnel operating condition and carries out numerical simulation calculation, to realize that rail vehicle tunnel is empty
Gas additional drag accurately quickly calculates and provides solution.Auto model length L must be changed by regular in simulation process
With the relevant parameters such as blockage ratio R, speed v, obtained a large amount of simulation results are summarized, and use APSO particle group optimizing method pair
Relationship between air drag suffered by parameter and auto model is fitted, and it is quick to form new vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel
Calculation formula.Compared with the conventional method, the present invention increases the calculating of Vehicle length L and tunnel blockage ratio R parameter.It is perfect existing
The defects of additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula improves the accuracy and applicability of calculation formula.Exist by the method
Additional air resistance due to tunnel can be precalculated during rail vehicle early development, to optimize vehicle air power performance, to vehicle
Traction matching type selecting, energy consumption calculation provide support；Tunnel Design construction can be served, simultaneously to reach the mesh of energy-saving and emission-reduction
's.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not that the invention has other forms of limitations, appoint
What those skilled in the art changed or be modified as possibly also with the technology contents of the disclosure above equivalent variations etc.
It imitates embodiment and is applied to other fields, but without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, according to the technical essence of the invention
Any simple modification, equivalent variations and remodeling to the above embodiments, still fall within the protection scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of rail vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation method based on numerical simulation, which is characterized in that including following
Step:
(S1) vehicle tunnel motion model needed for establishing numerical simulation；
(S2) it emulates and is fitted vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula, determine additional air resistance due to tunnel correction formula；
(S3) the revised vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula of simulating, verifying.
2. the rail vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation method according to claim 1 based on numerical simulation, special
Sign is, the method for vehicle tunnel motion model needed for step (S1) establishes numerical simulation are as follows:
Rail vehicle threedimensional model is established, flow field regions use six faces using tetrahedral grid and encryption, car body at headstock
Volume mesh；
The sliding mesh model of tunnel space, and grid division are established along vehicle traffic direction；
Boundary condition defines: tunnel portal is set as pressure entrance boundary condition, and tunnel exit is set as pressure export perimeter strip
Part, tunnel wall surface and ground and rail vehicle wall surface use wall boundary condition, and exchange face boundary condition is set as inside face；
Moving region two-port is set as pressure export, and turbulence model uses standard k-ε model.
3. -2 described in any item rail vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculating sides based on numerical simulation according to claim 1
Method, which is characterized in that step (S2) emulates and is fitted vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula, determines that tunnel air is additional
The method of viscous drag correction formula are as follows:
Building is about vehicle total length L, the vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel multinomial F of tunnel blockage ratio R and speed vs(L,
R, v), L, R, v are input parameter, FsFor additional air resistance due to tunnel；
Vehicle is set, the various combination of parameter model (L, R, v) is carried out to vehicle total length L, tunnel blockage ratio R and speed v,
Numerical simulation is carried out respectively, and simulation calculation goes out in tunnel to run the air drag F of vehicles1, open-wire line air drag Fs0And air
Resistance coefficient Cn；
According to formula Fs=Fs1-Fs0, calculate separately out corresponding additional air resistance due to tunnel Fs；
Data process of fitting treatment seeks vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel multinomial Fs(L, R, v) it is additional to obtain vehicle tunnel air
Viscous drag correction formula.
4. the rail vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation method according to claim 3 based on numerical simulation, special
Sign is, the method for seeking vehicle tunnel air viscous drag correction formula are as follows:
Respectively by each group additional air resistance due to tunnel FsSubstitute into vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel multinomial FsIn (L, R, v), obtain
Polynomial equation；Using APSO Modified particle swarm optimization algorithm as approximating method, using variance as optimization aim, iteration meter
It calculates, is fitted additional air resistance due to tunnel FsWith the relationship of vehicle total length L, tunnel blockage ratio R and speed v, vehicle tunnel is obtained
Road air additional drag calculation formula.
5. the rail vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation method according to claim 4 based on numerical simulation, special
Sign is, the method for the revised vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula of step (S3) simulating, verifying are as follows:
Vehicle is set, changes vehicle total length L, the value of tunnel blockage ratio R and speed v, revised tunnel air will be passed through
Additional drag calculation formula obtains coefficient of air resistance CmThe coefficient of air resistance C obtained with emulationnIt is compared, judgement is opposite
Error verifies vehicle additional air resistance due to tunnel calculation formula.
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| CN112182745A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2021-01-05 | 北京航空航天大学 | Simulation method for estimating driving energy consumption in train running process |
| CN113997988A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2022-02-01 | 株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司 | Additional resistance calculation method and related device |
| CN114595647A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-06-07 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计与测试技术研究所 | Magnetic levitation flight wind tunnel pneumatic structure coupling simulation evaluation method |
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