CN110320446A - Power cable defect location and diagnostic method based on return loss spectrometry - Google Patents
Power cable defect location and diagnostic method based on return loss spectrometry Download PDFInfo
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- CN110320446A CN110320446A CN201910647888.0A CN201910647888A CN110320446A CN 110320446 A CN110320446 A CN 110320446A CN 201910647888 A CN201910647888 A CN 201910647888A CN 110320446 A CN110320446 A CN 110320446A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/083—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in cables, e.g. underground
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/11—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks using pulse reflection methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
- G01R31/1272—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of cable, line or wire insulation, e.g. using partial discharge measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/58—Testing of lines, cables or conductors
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of power cable defect locations and diagnostic method based on return loss spectrometry, emit scanning frequency pulse and reflected reflection signal according to power cable, obtain return loss spectrum, and return loss is composed be mapped to after windowing process, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) etc. are handled and is composed apart from diagnosis, distortion point position and wave crest amplitude height in spectrum are diagnosed using distance, can be achieved at the same time the diagnosis to power cable defect location and defect severity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of electricity, are related to the defect diagonsis technology of power cable, and in particular to a kind of electric power electricity
Cable local defect is accurately positioned and diagnostic method.
Background technique
As continuous expand of urbanization is greatly developed with industrial, 10kV power cable is used widely.Crosslinking is poly-
Ethylene (XLPE) power cable is got a lot of applications in China's urban distribution network because of its good electrically and mechanically performance.But
It is that due to the construction environment that early stage cable craft is immature and severe, cable is often due to dampness, extruding, overbending, outer
The local defects such as the reasons such as sheath breakage cause cable to generate dielectric deformation, copper strips loosens, copper shield ground connection.And put into fortune
Capable cable is also due to local heat source causes local heat ageing, radiative aging, mechanical oscillation etc. and then causes local ageing.This
If a little local defects and local ageing cannot be handled in time, under cable insulation will being kept rapid under forceful electric power field action
Drop, causes power failure, so that maintenance, replacement, the maintenance for cable bring a large amount of workload, causes the wave of manpower, financial resources
Take.Further, since cable is usually buried under the ground, if cable breaks down, whole cable of replacement is also one and huge chooses
War.So if accident defect positioning can be carried out to power cable, failure cable is purposefully safeguarded, will save a large amount of
Human and material resources bring Social benefit and economic benefit difficult to the appraisal.
For power cable fault location technology, comparative maturity is that time domain reflectometry (TDR) can use arteries and veins at this stage
Rush the positioning that signal realizes power cable fault.Application No. is Time Domain Reflectometry system and sides disclosed in CN201310063871.3
Method mainly utilizes theory of travelling wave, by injecting a pulse signal in cable first section, when pulse signal encounters impedance discontinuity point
When can generate a reflection signal, the reflection signal compared with the reflection signal of end it is still fainter, according to fault point
Reflection and end reflection time difference, to estimate the position of fault impedance discontinuity point.But this method is because inside pulse
High frequency signal components are fewer, thus for fainter defect and close to the discrimination of head end defect be not it is very high, simultaneously
The severity of defect can not also be assessed.
Summary of the invention
For it is low to discrimination present in power cable defect diagonsis at present, be difficult to assess defect severity
The state of the art, the object of the invention is intended to provide a kind of based on the power cable defect location of return loss spectrometry and diagnosis side
Method can be realized and carry out accurate positioning and the assessment of the severity to fault point to power cable local defect, to improve
The discrimination of local defect.The present invention carries out frequency sweep to failure cable by way of frequency sweep, and the radio-frequency component for including is relatively more,
For cable local defect accurately identify positioning and diagnosis be of great significance.
Power cable defect location and diagnostic method provided by the invention based on return loss spectrometry, including following step
It is rapid:
S1 measurement data: emit scanning frequency pulse V to power cable to be measuredi, measure reflected reflection signal Vr；
S2 obtains echo impedance spectrum RL: according to transmitting scanning frequency pulse ViWith reflection signal VrObtain reflection coefficientAnd
Calculate to obtain return loss spectrum RL=20 according to reflection coefficient | lg (Γ (f)) |, wherein f is the scanning frequency pulse frequency of injection；
S3 data conversion treatment: enabling f → t ', and return loss is composed to the time domain that t ' variation at any time is transformed into frequency
Then signal composes transformed return loss and carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and amplitude normalized, while recording energy
Maximum Frequency point f0′；
S4 is mapped to initial range diagnosis atlas: the result after data conversion treatment is mapped to initial range diagnosis spectrum D0
In, mapping distance is 0 meter at 0 hertz, f0' place's mapping distance is power cable total length l；
S5 adds apart from window processing, to obtained initial range diagnosis spectrum D0Added in the following way apart from window processing:
In formula, s is length of window, and for value no more than the spatial resolution in diagnosis atlas, D is to obtain after handling
Apart from diagnosis atlas；
S6 defect location and diagnosis: it is being obtained from step S5 plus apart from window treated in diagnosis atlas D find it is abnormal
Height, as power cable local defect position, the peak according to defect position judge defect severity.
Above-mentioned power cable defect location and diagnostic method based on return loss spectrometry in step S1, can pass through this
The conventional method that field has disclosed emits scanning frequency pulse V to the power cable to be measured that length is li, the present invention in using
Radio frequency vector network analyzer injects scanning frequency pulse to power cable to be measured.The scanning frequency pulse frequency of injection is f, and v is in vacuum
The light velocity, v=3 × 108m/s。
Above-mentioned power cable defect location and diagnostic method based on return loss spectrometry in step S2, passes through RL=20 |
Lg (Γ (f)) | return loss spectrum is obtained, and then provides the real part Real (RL (f)) and imaginary part Imag (RL of return loss spectrum
It (f)), can be using the real part Real (RL (f)) or imaginary part Imag (RL (f)) of return loss spectrum as research object.
Above-mentioned power cable defect location and diagnostic method based on return loss spectrometry, in step S3 because be to
It surveys power cable and injects a series of swept-frequency signals, frequency f can be thought t ' here, even f → t ', the return loss that will obtain
Spectrum is transformed to the time-domain signal of t ' variation at any time with frequency, then carries out in quick Fu to transformed return loss spectrum
Leaf transformation and amplitude normalized, due to the real part Real (RL (t ')) or imaginary part Imag that can be directly composed with return loss
(RL (t ')) is used as research object, therefore the real part Real (RL (t ')) or imaginary part Imag (RL (t ')) that can be composed to return loss
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and amplitude normalized are carried out, while recording the maximum Frequency point f of energy0′.It is cut to eliminate data
Spectral leakage caused by disconnected effect can first compose transformed return loss and carry out windowing process, then to windowing process
Return loss spectrum afterwards carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and amplitude normalized, can eliminate secondary lobe in this way to the shadow of main lobe
It rings.The present invention is using the method for adding rectangular window to handle, i.e., mutually multiplied with rectangular window function by the return loss spectrum after conversion
Return loss to windowing process is composed, specifically: the real part Real (RL (t ')) or imaginary part Imag (RL for composing return loss
(t ')) it is multiplied with rectangle (Rectangular) window.
Above-mentioned power cable defect location and diagnostic method based on return loss spectrometry, in step S4, by data conversion
Result that treated is mapped in the genuine map of initial range, the corresponding relationship of return loss and distance can be formed, by right
Distance diagnosis spectrum is analyzed, and can realize the positioning to power cable defect.Electric cable stoppage actual range is determined in order to obtain
Position information, the present invention further pass through step S5 to obtained initial range diagnosis spectrum D0Added apart from window processing.
Above-mentioned power cable defect location and diagnostic method based on return loss spectrometry, general power cable break down
Afterwards, it may appear that impedance discontinuity point, for these impedance discontinuity points relative to intact cable position, electric parameter can occur one
Fixed variation, therefore when scanning frequency pulse is by having different power losses when these discontinuity poinies.The present invention is to utilize to be somebody's turn to do
Feature in step S6, positions power cable defect by the distance diagnosis spectrum after obtained windowing process, and can root
The severity of fault point is judged according to the return loss spectrum normalization amplitude height after Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).
Compared with prior art, the present invention is based on the power cable defect locations and diagnostic method of return loss spectrometry to have
It is following the utility model has the advantages that
1, the present invention emits scanning frequency pulse and reflected reflection signal according to power cable, obtains return loss
Spectrum, and return loss is composed be mapped to after windowing process, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) etc. are handled and is composed apart from diagnosis, utilize distance
Distortion point position and wave crest amplitude height in diagnosis spectrum, can be achieved at the same time to power cable defect location and the serious journey of defect
The diagnosis of degree；
2, the present invention uses low pressure scanning frequency pulse during power cable defect diagonsis, will not make to power cable
At insulation harm；
3, the present invention is due to the Injection Signal by the way of frequency sweep, it is possible to and it include more high frequency signal components, because
This has more accurate positioning function relative to traditional time domain reflectometry fault locator, and measurement blind area is smaller；
4, the present invention makes defect point by composing progress Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to return loss and carrying out adding rectangular window processing
Main lobe increase, improve cable local defect positioning sensitivity；
5, the present invention can the return loss according to obtained in treatment process spectrum normalization amplitude size to power cable lack
Trapping spot carries out status assessment, can more accurately assess power cable local defect severity；
6, of the invention since required equipment is easy to carry, easy to operate, power cable defect diagnostic method also has
At low cost, the high advantage of precision is suitable for promoting the use of in the art.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the power cable defect location of return loss spectrometry and the schematic illustrations of diagnostic method.
Fig. 2 is power cable defect schematic diagram to be measured in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 diagnoses spectrogram for the distance of power cable to be measured in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 4 is power cable defect schematic diagram to be measured in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
The distance of power cable to be measured diagnoses spectrogram in the position Fig. 5 embodiment of the present invention 2.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is specifically described below by embodiment, it is necessary to which indicated herein is that the present embodiment is served only for
Invention is further explained, but should not be understood as limiting the scope of the invention, the people that is skilled in technique in the field
Member can make the modifications and adaptations of some non-intrinsically safes according to the content of aforementioned present invention to the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is carried out using the type 8.7/15kV XLPE power cable of the YJLV223 of 500m long × 150 as research object
Accident defect level diagnosis.Transition joint is made at cable 100m and 250m, and in that joint location of 100m, artificially
Defect is made, defect type is that copper connecting tube is not polished, and specific power cable test sample schematic diagram to be measured is as shown in Figure 2.
The present embodiment is to above-mentioned power cable defect location and diagnosis process, as shown in Figure 1, comprising the following steps:
S1 measurement data: emit scanning frequency pulse V to power cable to be measuredi, measure reflected reflection signal Vr。
By emitting scanning frequency pulse to power cable head end to be measured, incoming signal is denoted as Vi, measure to return from cable reflection
Reflection signal Vr, the frequency of the scanning frequency pulse of injection is f.
S2 obtains echo impedance spectrum RL: according to transmitting scanning frequency pulse ViWith reflection signal VrObtain reflection coefficientAnd
Calculate to obtain return loss spectrum RL=20 according to reflection coefficient | lg (Γ (f)) |, and then the real part of available return loss spectrum
Real (RL (f)) and imaginary part Imag (RL (f)).The present embodiment using the real part Real (RL (f)) that return loss is composed as data at
Manage object.
S3 data conversion treatment: enabling f → t ', and return loss is composed to the time domain that t ' variation at any time is transformed into frequency
Then signal composes transformed return loss and carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and amplitude normalized, while recording energy
Maximum Frequency point f0′。
Because being to inject a series of swept-frequency signals to power cable to be measured, frequency f is thought t ' here, it at this moment can be survey
The return loss obtained is considered time-domain signal (the return loss spectrum real part Real (RL of t ' variation at any time with frequency variation
(t′))).In order to eliminate spectral leakage caused by data truncation effect, the present embodiment first composes return loss and carries out windowing process
It carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and amplitude normalized again afterwards, influence of the secondary lobe to main lobe can be eliminated in this way.
The present embodiment uses plus rectangular window processing: return loss composes Real (RL (t ')) and rectangle (Rectangular) window
It is multiplied, obtains return loss spectrum Real (RL (t ')) of windowing process.
Then Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT) and amplitude are carried out to return loss spectrum real part Real (RL (t ')) of window processing
Normalized, and record the maximum Frequency point f ' of energy0, 0Hz is obtained to f '0The normalization return loss of Hz is composed.
S4 is mapped to initial range diagnosis atlas: the result after data conversion treatment is mapped to initial range diagnosis spectrum D0
In, mapping distance is 0 meter at 0 hertz, f0' place's mapping distance is power cable total length l.
Result (the i.e. 0Hz to f ' that data conversion treatment is obtained0The normalization return loss of Hz is composed) be mapped to it is original away from
From diagnosis atlas D0In, it is cable head 0m, f ' that at this moment 0Hz is corresponding0Hz corresponding is cable end piece total length 500m.
S5 adds apart from window processing, to obtained initial range diagnosis spectrum D0Added and adds distance apart from window length s for 1m
Window processing, processing mode are as follows:
In formula, D is to be obtained after handling apart from diagnosis atlas.
S6 defect location and diagnosis: it is being obtained from step S5 plus apart from window treated in diagnosis atlas D find it is abnormal
Height, as power cable local defect position, the peak according to defect position judge defect severity.
After general power cable breaks down, it may appear that impedance discontinuity point, these impedance discontinuity points are relative to intact
Cable position, have different electric parameters, therefore when scanning frequency pulse is by having different power when these discontinuity poinies
At this moment loss can compose the height of normalization amplitude according to return loss to judge the severity of fault point.
Power cable to be measured provided in this embodiment is measured by using return loss spectrometry and data processing, place
It is as shown in Figure 3 to manage obtained spectrogram.By Fig. 3, it can be seen that, all there is apparent distortion point at 100m and 250m in 500m cable
(very high wave crest), and the joint location wave crest that defect was done at 100m is considerably higher, shows at 100m as electric cable stoppage institute
In position.As can be seen from the above analysis, power cable defect location provided by the invention and diagnostic method can lack cable
Row is trapped into position and can judge fault severity level according to peak value size.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment carries out event using the type 26/35kV XLPE power cable of the YJLV22 of 100m long × 240 as research object
Hinder defect location diagnosis.Local wetting treatment, wetting treatment process are carried out between in the cable at the 50m of position are as follows: need in cable
It makes moist at the oversheath of position, 3ml water is injected to the inside by syringe, with the part dampness defect of dummycable.The tool of production
Body power cable test sample schematic diagram to be measured is as shown in Figure 4.
The present embodiment is to above-mentioned power cable defect location and diagnosis process, as shown in Figure 1, comprising the following steps:
S1 measurement data: emit scanning frequency pulse V to power cable to be measuredi, measure reflected reflection signal Vr。
By emitting scanning frequency pulse to power cable head end to be measured, incoming signal is denoted as Vi, measure to return from cable reflection
Reflection signal Vr, the frequency of the scanning frequency pulse of injection is f.
S2 obtains echo impedance spectrum RL: according to transmitting scanning frequency pulse ViWith reflection signal VrObtain reflection coefficientAnd
Calculate to obtain return loss spectrum RL=20 according to reflection coefficient | lg (Γ (f)) |, and then the real part of available return loss spectrum
Real (RL (f)) and imaginary part Imag (RL (f)).The present embodiment using the imaginary part Imag (RL (f)) that return loss is composed as data at
Manage object.
S3 data conversion treatment: enabling f → t ', and return loss is composed to the time domain that t ' variation at any time is transformed into frequency
Then signal composes transformed return loss and carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and amplitude normalized, while recording energy
Maximum Frequency point f0′。
Because being to inject a series of swept-frequency signals to power cable to be measured, frequency f is thought t ' here, it at this moment can be survey
The return loss obtained is considered time-domain signal (the return loss spectrum imaginary part Imag (RL of t ' variation at any time with frequency variation
(t′))).In order to eliminate spectral leakage caused by data truncation effect, the present embodiment first composes return loss and carries out windowing process
It carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and amplitude normalized again afterwards, influence of the secondary lobe to main lobe can be eliminated in this way.
The present embodiment uses plus rectangular window processing: return loss composes imaginary part Imag (RL (t ')) and rectangle
(Rectangular) window is multiplied, and obtains return loss spectrum Imag (RL (t ')) of windowing process.
Then Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT) and amplitude normalizing are carried out to return loss spectrum Imag (RL (t ')) of window processing
Change processing, and record the maximum Frequency point f ' of energy0, 0Hz is obtained to f '0The normalization return loss of Hz is composed.
S4 is mapped to initial range diagnosis atlas: the result after data conversion treatment is mapped to initial range diagnosis spectrum D0
In, mapping distance is 0 meter at 0 hertz, f0' place's mapping distance is power cable total length l.
Result (the i.e. 0Hz to f ' that data conversion treatment is obtained0The normalization return loss of Hz is composed) be mapped to it is original away from
From diagnosis atlas D0In, it is cable head 0m, f ' that at this moment 0Hz is corresponding0Hz corresponding is cable end piece total length 100m.
S5 adds apart from window processing, to obtained initial range diagnosis spectrum D0Added and adds distance apart from window length s for 10m
Window processing, processing mode are as follows:
In formula, D is to be obtained after handling apart from diagnosis atlas.
S6 defect location and diagnosis: it is being obtained from step S5 plus apart from window treated in diagnosis atlas D find it is abnormal
Height, as power cable local defect position, the peak according to defect position judge defect severity.
After power cable locally makes moist, because of the intrusion of steam, the position capacitance can be made to change, at this moment work as arteries and veins
When rushing signal by dampness position, different power losses can be generated.At this moment normalization amplitude can be composed according to return loss
Height judges the severity of fault point.
Power cable to be measured provided in this embodiment is measured by using return loss spectrometry and data processing, place
It is as shown in Figure 5 to manage obtained spectrogram.By Fig. 5, it can be seen that, there is apparent distortion point (very high wave at 50m in 100m cable
Peak), show herein as electric cable stoppage position.As can be seen from the above analysis, power cable defect provided by the invention is fixed
Position and diagnostic method can carry out electric cable stoppage positioning and can judge fault severity level according to peak value size.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of power cable defect location and diagnostic method based on return loss spectrometry, it is characterised in that including following step
It is rapid:
S1 measurement data: emit scanning frequency pulse V to power cable to be measuredi, measure reflected reflection signal Vr；
S2 obtains echo impedance spectrum RL: according to transmitting scanning frequency pulse ViWith reflection signal VrObtain reflection coefficientAnd foundation
Reflection coefficient calculates to obtain return loss spectrum RL=20 | lg (Γ (f)) |, wherein f is the scanning frequency pulse frequency of injection；
S3 data conversion treatment: enabling f → t ', and return loss spectrum is believed with the time domain that frequency is transformed into t ' variation at any time
Number, then transformed return loss is composed and carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and amplitude normalized, while recording energy most
Big Frequency point f '0；
S4 is mapped to initial range diagnosis atlas: the result after data conversion treatment is mapped to initial range diagnosis spectrum D0In, 0
Mapping distance is 0 meter at hertz, f '0Place's mapping distance is power cable total length l；
S5 adds apart from window processing, to obtained initial range diagnosis spectrum D0Added in the following way apart from window processing:
In formula, s is length of window, value no more than the spatial resolution in diagnosis atlas, D be obtained after handling away from
From diagnosis atlas；
S6 defect location and diagnosis: it is being obtained from step S5 plus treated in diagnosis atlas D finds distortion point apart from window,
As power cable local defect position, the peak according to defect position judge defect severity.
2. according to claim 1 based on the power cable defect location and diagnostic method of return loss spectrometry, feature exists
In step S2, is composed by obtained return loss, provide the real part Real (RL (f)) and imaginary part Imag (RL of return loss spectrum
(f))。
3. according to claim 2 based on the power cable defect location and diagnostic method of return loss spectrometry, feature exists
In step S3, f → t ' is enabled, return loss is composed to the time-domain signal for being transformed to t ' variation at any time with frequency, it is then right
The real part Real (RL (t ')) or imaginary part Imag (RL (t ')) of transformed return loss spectrum carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and width
It is worth normalized, while records the maximum Frequency point f ' of energy0。
4. the according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 power cable defect locations and diagnostic method based on return loss spectrometry,
It is characterized in that in step S3, transformed return loss is composed carry out windowing process first, then to the echo after windowing process
Loss spectra carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).
5. according to claim 4 based on the power cable defect location and diagnostic method of return loss spectrometry, feature exists
In the process for composing progress windowing process to transformed return loss are as follows: by the return loss spectrum and rectangular window function phase after conversion
The multiplied return loss to windowing process is composed.
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