CN110320144A - A kind of intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image acquisition methods in coal petrography crack - Google Patents
A kind of intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image acquisition methods in coal petrography crack Download PDFInfo
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- CN110320144A CN110320144A CN201910604533.3A CN201910604533A CN110320144A CN 110320144 A CN110320144 A CN 110320144A CN 201910604533 A CN201910604533 A CN 201910604533A CN 110320144 A CN110320144 A CN 110320144A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
- G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
Abstract
A kind of intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image acquisition methods in coal petrography crack, belong to coal and rock fracture seepage field of measuring technique.The intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image acquisition methods in coal petrography crack include: processing coal rock specimen；By coal rock specimen pressure break；It scans coal rock specimen and destroys crack perforation stage fractured zones situation, positioning crack radial position；Coal rock specimen is splitted as two parts；It faces the wall and meditates and is scanned to gap, form fissure-plane three-dimensional point cloud model；Crack sectional view is imaged using CT, forms crack coal petrography mathematical model behind the peak of reduction three-dimensional fracture pattern；Model is printed with 3D printer, prints light transmission test specimen；Simulation test specimen is tested in the intracavitary three dimensional particles image speed measurement pilot system in coal petrography crack, obtains the intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image in crack.The intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image acquisition methods in coal petrography crack, a method of it obtains using time, space as the three dimensional particles flow field velocity hologram image of function.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to coal and rock fracture seepage field of measuring technique, in particular to a kind of intracavitary three-dimensional flow field in coal petrography crack
Speed hologram image acquisition methods.
Background technique
Gas drainage is to administer the important measures of mine gas disaster, since China major part mining area coal-bed gas reservoir seeps
Saturating rate is low, so that coal seam pre-mining drainage effect is not satisfactory.Mining influence is a kind of effective means for carrying out gas drainage, is adopted
Cause face surrounding rock body pressure to redistribute and coal and rock is made to destroy (i.e. after peak strength), causes changing for Penetration Signature therewith
Become, is conducive to gas drainage.Coal petrography crack chamber pattern is complicated behind peak, and crack surface roughness, contact area, fracture opening, seepage paths rise
Whether have in Fu Du, the goodness of fit, normal direction and tangential deformation, crack connected ratio, material property of charges and charges etc. because
Element has great influence to the seepage field distribution rule of crack coal petrography.
Research is all the geometrical characteristic that fissure-plane three-dimensional is characterized with linear fissure-plane structural parameters mostly at present, so that
Chamber many shape characteristics in crack are loss, and the crack On The Characters of Methane Seepage obtained based on this is inaccuracy in many situations
's.With the development of microscopic particles tracer velocity measuring technique, 3D printing technique and reverse-engineering, make coal petrography crack chamber complex shape behind peak
Looks reconstruct and its seepage field fluidised form, which show, to be possibly realized.
Related scholar has carried out a large amount of lithostructures using CT technology and seepage characteristic is studied, but still comes with some shortcomings,
Stable percolation is the premise of above-mentioned coal body seepage simulation research, and actual seepage flow be one by unstable to gradually tending towards stability
Dynamic changing process.Different from stable percolation, the physical quantitys such as density, speed of unsteady seepage are not only space in rock mass
Function or the function of time, this considerably increases the difficulty of Study on Three Dimensional Numerical Simulation.And CT scan acquisition is that two dimension is cut
Piece figure, then stacked by mostly slice and be reconstructed into three-dimensional coal petrography model, this makes fissure-plane three-dimensional appearance to a certain degree in the process
Distortion, cannot reflect crack chamber three-dimensional appearance and its influence to seepage state and characteristic completely.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve technical problem of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speeds in coal petrography crack
Hologram image acquisition methods are spent, a method of it obtains using time, space as the three dimensional particles flow field velocity hologram image of function.
To achieve the goals above, the technical scheme is that
A kind of intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image acquisition methods in coal petrography crack, comprising the following steps:
S1: coal petrography is processed into standard-sized coal rock specimen；
S2: in coal petrography heat flow piercement CT experimental system, add unloading by above-mentioned coal rock specimen pressure break by three axis；
S3: using CT scan system, and scanning coal rock specimen destroys crack perforation stage fractured zones situation, positioning crack diameter
To position；
S4: the coal rock specimen for forming perforation crack is splitted along crack as two parts；
S5: being faced the wall and meditated using multiple gaps of the spatial digitizer to formation and scanned one by one, and fissure-plane three-dimensional point cloud mould is formed
Type；
S6: being imaged crack sectional view using CT, positions each pair of fissure-plane on computers and strains stage position pass behind peak
System imports three-dimensional fracture millet cake cloud model corresponding position relationship in computer, splits after forming the peak of reduction three-dimensional fracture pattern
Gap coal petrography mathematical model；
S7: printing model with 3D printer, and printed material selects translucent material, to print light transmission test specimen；
S8: simulation test specimen is tested in the intracavitary three dimensional particles image speed measurement pilot system in coal petrography crack, is split
The intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image of gap；
The simulation test specimen generally light transmission test specimen, i.e. full impregnated light test specimen；Or the top of simulation test specimen is light transmission test specimen
Top, the lower part for simulating test specimen is the lower part of coal rock specimen, i.e., semi-transparent test specimen.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, reverse-engineering and CT technology are studied applied to coal petrography fracture seepage, reconstruct contains three-dimensional
The coal petrography of crack chamber simulates test specimen, and then simulation test specimen is placed in the intracavitary three dimensional particles image speed measurement pilot system in coal petrography crack
Tested, obtain the intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image in crack, for carry out gap chamber three-dimensional appearance and its to seepage state and
The influence research of characteristic provides basic data, and then provides theoretical direction and technology original for the accurate extraction of gas after mining influence
Type.
Preferably, the coal rock specimen is cylinder, then in step S4, coal rock specimen is splitted as two semi-cylindricals.
Preferably, in the step S7, the translucent material is high light transmission stereolithography apparatus resin.
Preferably, the intracavitary three dimensional particles image speed measurement pilot system in the coal petrography crack, including rotating disk, driving rotating disk
Driving mechanism, light transmission coal petrography fixture, fluid delivery system and the image collecting device of rotation；
The optical mirror slip that M focal length is different or thickness is different is provided in the rotating disk, M is the positive integer greater than 1,
N number of through-hole, N=M or N=M+1 are circumferentially on the end face of the rotating disk, M optical mirror slip is arranged in through-holes simultaneously one by one
It can be rotated with rotating disk, simulation test specimen is located in one of the underface of optical mirror slip or through-hole when rotating disk rotates；
The light transmission coal petrography fixture has the seal cavity for loading simulation test specimen；
The delivery outlet of the fluid delivery system is connect with the entrance of light transmission coal petrography fixture, and fluid is simulated from seal cavity
One end of test specimen enter simulation test specimen crack chamber in, after from simulation test specimen the other end discharge, through simulation test specimen crack chamber
Fluid in have trace particle；
Described image acquisition device includes being located at optical mirror slip top and luminous ray hair corresponding with simulation test specimen position
Injection device and the CCD camera being connected with computer, the light irradiation simulation test specimen that the luminous ray emitter issues, warp
Trace particle reflection injects CCD camera after optical mirror slip reflects again.
The optical mirror slip that focal length is different or thickness is different is arranged in above-mentioned technical proposal, in rotating disk, driving mechanism makes to revolve
Turntable quickly rotates, so that CCD camera be allow to shoot the image at the simulation test specimen difference depth of field.Rotating disk quickly rotates one
Circle, can obtain the particle picture using space as function；Rotating disk turns around as a cycle, and rotating disk periodically rotates,
The particle picture using the time as function can be obtained, these images are arranged, can be obtained using time, space as the three-dimensional grain of function
Sub- flow field velocity hologram image, the influence research for development gap chamber three-dimensional appearance and its to seepage state and characteristic provide basic number
According to.
Preferably, the focal length of the M optical mirror slip is different and test specimen is simulated in covering in the longitudinal direction；
Or the thickness of M optical mirror slip has the property that different incident rays are longitudinally upper different by simulation test specimen
Optical mirror slip refraction after the trace particle reflection of position through respective thickness, emergent ray can inject CCD camera.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the different optical mirror slip of the different optical mirror slip of M thickness, M focal length turns with rotating disk
It is dynamic, it can make the image at the CCD camera shooting simulation test specimen difference depth of field, i.e., at the upper Different Plane in simulation test specimen longitudinal direction in crack
The os-motic state of fluid.
Preferably, the fluid delivery system includes fluid tank and trace displaying particle generator, the outlet of the fluid tank with
The fluid inlet of light transmission coal petrography fixture is connected to by first pipe, and the first pipe is equipped with the first valve, the tracer grain
The particle outlet of electronic generator is connected to first pipe；The fluid outlet of light transmission coal petrography fixture is connected to second pipe, and described
Two pipelines are equipped with the second valve；The first pipe is equipped with first pressure sensor, and the second pipe is equipped with second
Pressure sensor；And/or the first pipe is equipped with first flowmeter, the second pipe is equipped with second flowmeter.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the trace particle of trace displaying particle generator output enters light transmission coal petrography fixture through first pipe
In, the rear simulation test specimen crack that enters is intracavitary, flows in the chamber of crack with fluid, shoots trace particle by CCD camera
Seepage state reflects infiltration situation of the fluid in simulation test specimen crack indirectly.Pressure sensor, flowmeter are for detecting first
The pressure and flow of fluid in pipeline and second pipe, so that the pressure of Study of Fluid, flow are to fluid in simulation test specimen crack
In Penetration Signature influence, enrich fracture seepage basic theory.
Preferably, described image acquisition device further includes positioned at the microcobjective of the CCD camera front end and/or described
Luminous ray emitter is pulse laser；
The simulation test specimen is located in the field range of described image acquisition device.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, microcobjective plays amplification, and the image for shooting CCD camera is apparent；Compared to nature
Light, the light that the laser that pulse laser issues reflects trace particle is stronger, and the clearer display trace particle of energy exists
Simulate the intracavitary mobility status in test specimen crack.
Preferably, the quantity of the CCD camera is two, and the quantity of the microcobjective is also two；The pulse swashs
Light device is arranged perpendicular to optical mirror slip, and two CCD cameras are symmetrical and inclined two sides for being located at the pulse laser.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, when the intracavitary infiltration situation in CCD camera shooting simulation test specimen crack, image collecting device
Field of view edge at Relative Fuzzy, then in image simulate test specimen edge Relative Fuzzy；Two CCD cameras are arranged can be with enlarged image
The field range of acquisition device, the simulation test specimen edge made is apparent, to improve image entirety clarity.
Preferably, the light transmission coal petrography fixture includes the upper fixture to form the seal cavity and lower fixture, simulates test specimen
Upper part and upper fixture are affixed, and simulation test piece lower part point is affixed with lower fixture；Upper fixture and lower fixture pass through flexible membrane or elasticity
Film is tightly connected, and simulation test specimen outer wall and seal cavity inner wall are tightly connected；The distance between upper fixture and lower fixture are adjustable, from
And change the open width in simulation test specimen crack.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, setting elastic membrane can prevent fluid in simulation test specimen crack and trace particle from upper
It lets out between fixture and lower fixture；By changing the open width in simulation test specimen crack, different Fracture Widths can be studied
The Penetration Signature of lower fluid further enriches fracture seepage basic theory.And the open width pair in research simulation test specimen crack
When the permeation effects of fluid, no replacement is required simulates test specimen and light transmission coal petrography fixture, practical, easy to operate；Simulate test specimen
Outer wall and seal cavity inner wall are tightly connected the leakproofness guaranteed around simulation test specimen, make fluid and trace particle can only be from simulation
It is permeated in the crack of test specimen, guarantees accuracy, the authenticity of research crack Penetration Signature.
Preferably, the lower fixture is mounted on fixed frame by articulated joint, is connected with stud on the lower fixture, institute
It states between upper fixture and lower fixture pressure and is equipped with and cover the elastic component outside the stud, the top of the stud passes through upper fixture and position
Nut is threaded in the top of the top of upper fixture, the stud.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, by unscrewing or tightening nut, the distance between upper fixture and lower fixture can be adjusted, from
And change the open width in simulation test specimen crack；When simulating test specimen fissure-plane and simulation test specimen axis is not parallel, pass through rotation
Lower fixture can make to simulate test specimen inclination, enable incident ray face fissure-plane.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) reverse-engineering and CT technology are studied applied to coal petrography fracture seepage, reconstructs the coal petrography mould containing three-dimensional fracture chamber
Quasi- test specimen.
2) " microscopic particles tracer velocity measuring technique " is introduced into the research of coal petrography fracture seepage, can more accurately reacts coal petrography
The seepage characteristic of fluid in crack provides theoretical direction and technology prototype for the accurate extraction of gas after mining influence.
3) change the anti-of light in injection CCD camera by M focal length of setting is different or thickness is different optical mirror slip
Penetrate plane；Rotating disk every revolution, CCD camera, which can be shot, to be simulated in a cycle in the intracavitary whole fluid layers in test specimen crack
The os-motic state image of fluid；CCD camera shoots the image in multiple periods, thus obtain using the time, space as function it is high when
Between resolution ratio three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image, ground to carry out gap chamber three-dimensional appearance and its influence to seepage state and characteristic
Offer basic data is provided.
4) institute's flow measurement field areas in simulation test specimen is irradiated with pulse laser, twice or repeatedly by CCD camera intake
The trace particle image exposed in simulation one zonule of test specimen crack, forms the particle picture of movement, recycles image cross-correlation
Methods analysis chart picture obtains the average displacement of particle picture in each zonule, so that it is determined that the fluid speed of flow field whole region
Degree.
5) using pulse laser irradiation simulation test specimen, shooting image is combined using microcobjective and CCD camera, makes to obtain
Image it is apparent.
6) the distance between the upper fixture of loading simulation test specimen and lower fixture are adjustable, in research simulation test specimen crack
When opening permeation effects of the width to fluid, no replacement is required simulates test specimen and light transmission coal petrography fixture, practical, easy to operate.
7) it is injected in simulation test specimen using visible light, compares black light or invisible rays, it is seen that light is to human body
Injure it is small, it is highly-safe；In traditional experiment, injected in test specimen using black light or invisible rays, it, can be to examination when test
The health for testing personnel causes damages；After test, there is residual in experimental enviroment, is unfavorable for the health of testing crew.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be partially described in detail in the following detailed description.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the intracavitary three dimensional particles image speed measurement pilot system in coal petrography crack provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is the overlooking structure diagram of rotating disk in Fig. 1 of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic illustration that the present invention shoots different depth images using the different optical mirror slip of thickness；
Fig. 4 is the schematic cross-sectional view one of light transmission coal petrography fixture in Fig. 1, and the open width for simulating test specimen crack is minimum；
Fig. 5 is the schematic cross-sectional view two of light transmission coal petrography fixture in Fig. 1, and the open width in simulation test specimen crack increases.
In figure,
1- rotating disk, 11- through-hole, 12- driving mechanism, 2- optical mirror slip, 21- thin plate eyeglass, 22- thickness planar optics,
3- luminous ray emitter, 31- incident ray, 32- reflection light, the first plane of 33-, the second plane of 34-, 35- third are flat
Face, 4-CCD camera, 41- microcobjective, 5- fluid tank, the first valve of 51-, 52- first pressure sensor, 53- first flow
Meter, 54- trace displaying particle generator, 55- second pressure sensor, 56- second flowmeter, the second valve of 57-, 58- first pipe,
59- second pipe, 6- light transmission coal petrography fixture, 61- upper fixture, the first trunnion of 611-, fixture under 62-, the second trunnion of 621-, 63-
Stud, 64- elastic component, 65- nut, 66- elastic membrane, 67- fixed frame, 68- flexural pivot, 7- computer, 8- isochronous controller.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail, the example of embodiment is shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein identical from beginning to end
Or similar label indicates same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions.It is retouched below with reference to attached drawing
The embodiment stated is exemplary, and for explaining only the invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "horizontal", "inner", "outside" be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to
Convenient for description the present invention and simplify description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have a particular orientation,
It is constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore is not considered as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it should be noted that term " installation ", " connected ",
" connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be mechanical connection or electrical connection, the connection being also possible to inside two elements can
, can also indirectly connected through an intermediary, for the ordinary skill in the art to be to be connected directly, it can basis
Concrete condition understands the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term.
Of the existing technology in order to solve the problems, such as, as shown in Figures 1 to 5, the present invention provides a kind of coal petrography crack chambers
Interior three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image acquisition methods, a kind of acquisition are complete as the three dimensional particles flow field velocity of function using time, space
Cease the method for image.
The intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image acquisition methods in coal petrography crack, include the following steps；
S1: coal petrography is processed into standard-sized coal rock specimen.For example diameter is the cylindrical coal of 50mm, a length of 100mm
Rock test specimen, the diameter of coal rock specimen and the seal cavity of light transmission coal petrography fixture 6 are adapted.
S2: in coal petrography heat flow piercement CT experimental system, add unloading by above-mentioned coal rock specimen pressure break by three axis.Such as
Pass through three-point bending resistance method in CT experimental system for coal rock specimen pressure break.
S3: using CT scan system, and scanning coal rock specimen destroys crack perforation stage fractured zones situation, positioning crack diameter
To position.CT scan is carried out to any time during pressure break coal rock specimen by CT scan system, to coal rock specimen inside
Structure evolution is observed and is imaged in real time.
S4: the coal rock specimen for forming perforation crack is splitted along crack as two parts.
S5: being faced the wall and meditated using multiple gaps of the spatial digitizer to formation and scanned one by one, and fissure-plane three-dimensional point cloud mould is formed
Type.
S6: being imaged crack sectional view using CT, and each pair of fissure-plane is positioned on computer 7 and strains stage position pass behind peak
System imports three-dimensional fracture millet cake cloud model corresponding position relationship in computer 7, splits after forming the peak of reduction three-dimensional fracture pattern
Gap coal petrography mathematical model.
S7: printing model with 3D printer, and printed material selects translucent material, so that light transmission test specimen is printed,
Translucent material can select high light transmission stereolithography apparatus resin, which can produce colourless, light transmission, accurate functionality portion
Part.Model is printed using technical grade high-precision 3D printer, makes the three-dimensional appearance phase with true rock fracture surface
Same light transmission test specimen, crack coal petrography entity reconstructs after restoring the peak of three-dimensional fracture pattern.
S8: simulation test specimen is tested in the intracavitary three dimensional particles image speed measurement pilot system in coal petrography crack, is split
The intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image of gap.Tried in the intracavitary three dimensional particles image speed measurement pilot system in coal petrography crack
It tests.
Simulate test specimen generally light transmission test specimen, i.e. full impregnated light test specimen；Or the top of simulation test specimen is the top of light transmission test specimen,
The lower part for simulating test specimen is the lower part of coal rock specimen, i.e., semi-transparent test specimen.
In step s 2, when coal rock specimen diametrically pressure break, (coal rock specimen fissure-plane is parallel with coal rock specimen axis
When), in step s 8, simulation test specimen is then laterally disposed as shown in Figure 1；In step s 2, when coal rock specimen fissure-plane and coal petrography
When test specimen axis is not parallel, in step s 8, it can be rotated light transmission coal petrography fixture 6, enable incident ray face fissure-plane.
As shown in Figure 1, the above-mentioned intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image acquisition methods in coal petrography crack use in the present embodiment
The intracavitary three dimensional particles image speed measurement pilot system in coal petrography crack include rotating disk 1, driving rotating disk 1 rotate driving mechanism
12, light transmission coal petrography fixture 6, fluid delivery system and image collecting device.It is different or thick that M focal length is provided in rotating disk 1
Different optical mirror slips 2 is spent, M is the positive integer greater than 1, and preferably M is greater than 10.As shown in Fig. 2, the drive that driving rotating disk 1 rotates
Motivation structure 12 includes motor, and the output shaft of motor is coaxial affixed by transmission shaft and rotating disk 1；It is circumferential on the end face of rotating disk 1
Equipped with N number of through-hole 11, N=M or N=M+1, M optical mirror slip 2 are arranged in through-hole 11 one by one and can rotate with rotating disk 1, rotation
Turntable 1 rotate when, simulation test specimen can be located in one of optical mirror slip 2 or not set optical mirror slip 2 through-hole 11 just under
Side.In the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, rotating disk 1 is equipped with 16 through-holes 11, the quantity of optical mirror slip 2 can be ten
Five, it can also be 16, when optical mirror slip 2 is 15, be not provided with optical mirror slip 2 in one of through-hole 11.Light transmission coal
Rock fixture 6 has the seal cavity for loading simulation test specimen, and simulation test specimen is loaded in the seal cavity.Fluid delivery system it is defeated
Outlet is connect with the entrance of light transmission coal petrography fixture 6, and one end that fluid simulates test specimen from seal cavity enters splitting for simulation test specimen
In gap chamber, after from simulation test specimen the other end discharge, through simulation test specimen crack chamber fluid in have trace particle.Image is adopted
Acquisition means include be located at the top of optical mirror slip 2 and luminous ray emitter 3 corresponding with simulation test specimen position and with calculating
The connected CCD camera 4 of machine 7, it is seen that the light irradiation simulation test specimen that light launcher 3 issues passes through again through trace particle reflection
Optical mirror slip 2 injects CCD camera 4 after reflecting.In the present embodiment, also settable isochronous controller 8, isochronous controller 8 divide
It is not connected with computer 7, CCD camera 4 and driving mechanism 12, driving mechanism 12, CCD camera 4 and the computer 7 of rotating disk 1 are logical
It crosses isochronous controller 8 to be connected, the rotation of rotating disk 1, the shooting of CCD camera 4, the synchronous progress of 7 data record of computer may be implemented, together
It walks controller 8 and uses the prior art.
As shown in Figure 1, crack is divided into upper and lower two parts for test specimen is simulated；The top of test specimen is simulated by translucent material system
At, or simulate test specimen and be all made of translucent material, simulation test specimen is located in the field range of image collecting device, thus may be used
The visible light-transmissive for issuing luminous ray emitter 3 is simulated test piece upper part and is reached in the crack chamber of simulation test specimen, through showing
Track particle reflection after inject CCD camera 4 in, enable CCD camera 4 shoot simulation test specimen crack chamber in trace particle flowing it is complete
Office's situation, thus infiltration situation of the reflection fluid in simulation test specimen crack chamber indirectly.In practice, existed according to simulation test specimen crack
The quantity adaptability of the difference of the difference in height of longitudinal the highest point and the lowest point, optical mirror slip 2 changes.
The optical mirror slip 2 that focal length is different or thickness is different is arranged in rotating disk 1, driving mechanism 12 revolves rotating disk 1 quickly
Turn, so that M optical mirror slip 2 sequentially goes to the surface of simulation test specimen, thus the light for issuing luminous ray emitter 3
It is injected after optical lens 2 or through-hole 11 in simulation test specimen, CCD camera 4 is allow to shoot (Fig. 3 at the simulation test specimen difference depth of field
The horizontal plane of middle different longitudinal height) image.Rotating disk 1 quickly turn around by rotation, and CCD camera 4 can shoot simulation test specimen
Multiple images of trace particle flow regime, that is, obtain using space as the particle picture of function in the intracavitary whole fluid layers in crack；
Rotating disk 1 turns around as a cycle, and rotating disk 1 periodically rotates, and can obtain the particle picture using the time as function, whole
These times, image spatially are managed, can be obtained using time, space as the three dimensional particles flow field velocity hologram image of function.
Specifically, i.e., the trace particle figure exposed in simulation one zonule of test specimen crack twice or repeatedly by the intake of CCD camera 4
Picture, forms the particle picture of movement, and image cross-correlation method is recycled to analyze image, obtains being averaged for particle in each zonule
Displacement, so that it is determined that the fluid velocity of flow field whole region, to carry out gap chamber three-dimensional appearance and its to seepage state and characteristic
It influences research and basic data is provided.In the present embodiment, the thickness of M optical mirror slip 2 has the property that different incident lights
The optical mirror slip 2 through respective thickness after simulation test specimen longitudinally the trace particle reflection of upper different location of line 31 reflects, outgoing
Light can inject CCD camera 4.For example M optical mirror slip 2 is the different planar optics of M thickness, M planar optics is one by one
It is arranged in through-hole 11, for example is arranged in through-hole 11 by thickness increasing or decreasing relationship.The optical mirror slip 2 of above-mentioned respective thickness
Refer to the optical mirror slip of the corresponding different-thickness preset of trace particle of longitudinal upper different location.
By the different planar optics of M thickness of setting, CCD camera 4 is made to shoot principle such as Fig. 3 of the image of the different depth of field
It is shown, when in the through-hole 11 of rotating disk 1 without optical mirror slip 2, simulate entering for the sending of luminous ray emitter 3 above test specimen
It penetrates light 31 to inject in simulation test specimen, is modeled the test specimen longitudinally above trace particle reflection of different location, but only the first plane 33
In trace particle reflection most of reflection light 32 can inject CCD camera 4, so that CCD camera 4 is taken the first plane 33
The state diagram of middle trace particle.The case where optical mirror slip 2 are not provided in through-hole 11, it is understood that be the thickness of optical mirror slip 2
It is zero.When being equipped with optical mirror slip 2 in the through-hole 11 of rotating disk 1, light is injected in simulation test specimen through thin plate eyeglass 21, by mould
The longitudinally above trace particle reflection of different location of quasi- test specimen, but only most of light of the trace particle reflection in the second plane 34
CCD camera 4 is injected after the refraction of thin plate eyeglass 21, CCD camera 4 is made to take the state of trace particle in the second plane 34
Figure.Similarly, light is injected in simulation test specimen through thick planar optics 22, and being modeled test specimen, longitudinally above the trace particle of different location is anti-
It penetrates, but only most of light of the trace particle reflection in third plane 35 injects CCD camera after the refraction of thick planar optics 22
4, so that CCD camera 4 is taken the state diagram of trace particle in third plane 35.Since the position of CCD camera 4 is fixed, so that light
Line is injected in CCD camera 4 after the refraction of respective optical eyeglass 2, reflection is flat after the optical mirror slip 2 of different-thickness after reflection
Longitudinal height in face is different, so that the second plane 34 is located at the top of third plane 35, the first plane 33 is located at the second plane 34
Top so that CCD camera 4 can shoot the image at the different depth of field.
Certainly M optical mirror slip 2 can also be different for M focal length and covers the optical mirror slips for simulating test specimen in the longitudinal direction, than
The different lens such as M focal length, M lens are also arranged in through-hole 11 one by one, for example are arranged by focal length increasing or decreasing relationship
In through-hole 11；The zoom principle of the preferred convex lens of lens, the convex lens of different focal length is the prior art, and this will not be repeated here.
As shown in Figure 1, fluid delivery system includes fluid tank 5 and trace displaying particle generator 54, the outlet of fluid tank 5 and thoroughly
The fluid inlet of light coal petrography fixture 6 is connected to by first pipe 58, and first pipe 58 is equipped with the first valve 51, trace particle hair
The particle outlet of raw device 54 is connected to first pipe 58；6 fluid outlet of light transmission coal petrography fixture is connected to second pipe 59, the second pipe
Road 59 is equipped with the second valve 57, and the fluid being discharged in second pipe 59 can be stored by other container.In fluid tank 5
The fluid of splendid attire can be gas or liquid, and when fluid is gas, fluid tank 5 is the gas cylinder for being loaded with certain pressure；Fluid is
When liquid, the liquid in fluid tank 5 is delivered in first pipe 58 by pump.The trace particle that trace displaying particle generator 54 exports
Enter in light transmission coal petrography fixture 6 through first pipe 58, the rear simulation test specimen crack that enters is intracavitary, flows in the chamber of crack with fluid
It is dynamic, reflect infiltration situation of the fluid in simulation test specimen crack indirectly.
As shown in Figure 1, first pipe 58 is equipped with first pressure sensor 52, second pipe 59 is passed equipped with second pressure
Sensor 55；And/or first pipe 58 is equipped with first flowmeter 53, second pipe 59 is equipped with second flowmeter 56.Pass through tune
The aperture of the first valve 51 is saved, flow, pressure that fluid enters in simulation test specimen crack are changed, pressure sensor, flowmeter are used
The pressure and flow of fluid in detection first pipe 58 and second pipe 59, to study into the stream in simulation test specimen crack
The influence of Penetration Signature of the pressure, flow of body to fluid in simulation test specimen crack, enriches fracture seepage basic theory.
As shown in Figure 1, image collecting device further includes the microcobjective 41 positioned at 4 front end of CCD camera.Microcobjective 41 rises
Amplification, the image for shooting CCD camera 4 are apparent.
As shown in Figure 1, luminous ray emitter 3 is pulse laser.Compared to available light, pulse laser is continuously sent out
The light that pulse laser out reflects trace particle is stronger, and the clearer display trace particle of energy is in simulation test specimen crack chamber
Interior mobility status.The frequency of pulse laser emission pulse laser and the switching frequency and CCD camera 4 of 1 through-hole 11 of rotating disk
Filming frequency it is identical.
As shown in figures 1 and 3, the quantity of CCD camera 4 is two, and the quantity of microcobjective 41 is also two；Pulse laser
Device is arranged perpendicular to optical mirror slip 2, and two CCD cameras 4 are symmetrical and inclined two sides for being located at pulse laser.One CCD phase
When the shooting simulation intracavitary os-motic state figure in test specimen crack of machine 4, Relative Fuzzy at the field of view edge of image collecting device, then in image
Simulate test specimen edge Relative Fuzzy；Two CCD cameras 4, which are arranged, to be made with the field range of enlarged image acquisition device
It is apparent to simulate test specimen edge, to improve image entirety clarity.
As shown in figure 4, light transmission coal petrography fixture 6 includes the upper fixture 61 for forming seal cavity and lower fixture 62, test specimen is simulated
Upper part and upper fixture 61 are affixed, and simulation test piece lower part point is affixed with lower fixture 62, for example are clamped or are bolted by light transmission；
Upper fixture 61 is tightly connected with lower fixture 62 by elastic membrane 66, and certain upper fixture 61 can also be close by flexible membrane with lower fixture 62
Envelope connection, such as film；The distance between upper fixture 61 and lower fixture 62 are adjustable, so that the opening for changing simulation test specimen crack is wide
Degree.In practice in order to keep light intracavitary into simulation test specimen crack through light transmission coal petrography fixture 6, light transmission is can be used in upper fixture 61
Material is made, such as high light transmission stereolithography apparatus resin, and translucent material can be used for lower fixture 62 or light-proof material is made,
The crack that light can be made to enter simulation test specimen by light transmission coal petrography fixture 6 is intracavitary.
Elastic membrane 66, which is arranged, can prevent fluid in simulation test specimen crack and trace particle from upper fixture 61 and lower folder
It lets out between tool 62；By changing the open width in simulation test specimen crack, fluid under different Fracture Widths can be studied
Penetration Signature further enriches fracture seepage basic theory.
As shown in figure 4, in the present embodiment, lower fixture 62 is mounted on fixed frame 67, the two sides of lower fixture 62 are horizontal
It is extended with the second trunnion 621, stud 63 is connected on two the second trunnions 621, the two sides horizontal extension of upper fixture 61 has
One trunnion 611；Pressure is equipped with and covers outside stud 63 between first trunnion 611 of upper fixture 61 and the second trunnion 621 of lower fixture 62
Elastic component 64, elastic component 64 can be column pressure spring or resilient sleeve, and the top of stud 63 passes through first of upper fixture 61
Ear 611 and be located at upper fixture 61 top, the top of stud 63 is threaded with nut 65.
When needing to increase the open width in simulation test specimen crack, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, unscrew nut 65, it is compressed
Elastic component 64 restores deformation, and elastic component 64 moves upwards upper fixture 61, and upper fixture 61 makes to simulate test piece upper part point therewith upwards
Movement, to increase the open width in simulation test specimen crack.Similarly, when needing to reduce the open width in simulation test specimen crack,
Nut 65 is tightened, elastic component 64 is compressed, and upper fixture 61 is moved downward, and upper fixture 61 makes to simulate test piece upper part point therewith downwards
Movement, to reduce the open width in simulation test specimen crack.
Certainly, in practice, upper fixture 61 can also be mounted on fixed frame 67, makes lower fixture 62 close to or far from upper fixture
61, to change the size of the open width in simulation test specimen crack.
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, lower fixture 62 is hinged by flexural pivot 68 and fixed frame 67, so that entire light transmission
Coal petrography fixture 6 can be rotated relative to fixed frame 67, when simulating test specimen fissure-plane and simulation test specimen axis is not parallel, can pass through rotation
Lower fixture 62 and make to simulate test specimen inclination, enable incident ray face fissure-plane, make to simulate test specimen crack in longitudinal height
It is smaller, so as to reduce the quantity for the optical mirror slip 2 being arranged in rotating disk 1.
In this real mode, simulation test specimen outer wall and seal cavity inner wall are tightly connected, such as in seal cavity and simulation
It is respectively provided with sealing ring between the both ends of test specimen outer wall, to guarantee to simulate the leakproofness around test specimen, makes fluid and trace particle
It can only be permeated from the crack chamber of simulation test specimen, guarantee accuracy, the authenticity of research crack Penetration Signature.
Using the intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image acquisition methods in the coal petrography crack of the present embodiment, the examination of full impregnated light can be obtained
The intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image in crack of part, semi-transparent test specimen.Subsequently through computer 7 to full impregnated light test specimen crack chamber
Interior three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image is handled, and the first Penetration Signature for obtaining the infiltration of full impregnated light test specimen crack cavity fluid is bent
Line；Computer 7 handles the intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image in semi-transparent test specimen crack, obtains semi-transparent test specimen crack
Second Penetration Signature curve of cavity fluid infiltration；By the first Penetration Signature curve and the second Penetration Signature curve, calculate
Simulate test specimen generally coal rock specimen when third Penetration Signature curve, to obtain the most true, most of fluid in coal petrography crack
Accurate Penetration Signature, the influence research for development gap chamber three-dimensional appearance and its to seepage state and characteristic provide basic data.
The calculation method of third Penetration Signature curve is not inventive point of the invention, be will herein be described in detail.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image acquisition methods in coal petrography crack, which comprises the following steps:
S1: coal petrography is processed into standard-sized coal rock specimen；
S2: in coal petrography heat flow piercement CT experimental system, add unloading by above-mentioned coal rock specimen pressure break by three axis；
S3: using CT scan system, and scanning coal rock specimen destroys crack perforation stage fractured zones situation, positioning crack radial direction position
It sets；
S4: the coal rock specimen for forming perforation crack is splitted along crack as two parts；
S5: being faced the wall and meditated using multiple gaps of the spatial digitizer to formation and scanned one by one, and fissure-plane three-dimensional point cloud model is formed；
S6: being imaged crack sectional view using CT, position each pair of fissure-plane on computers and strain stage position relationship behind peak, will
Three-dimensional fracture millet cake cloud model corresponding position relationship imports in computer, forms crack coal petrography behind the peak of reduction three-dimensional fracture pattern
Mathematical model；
S7: printing model with 3D printer, and printed material selects translucent material, to print light transmission test specimen；
S8: simulation test specimen is tested in the intracavitary three dimensional particles image speed measurement pilot system in coal petrography crack, obtains crack chamber
Interior three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image；
The simulation test specimen generally light transmission test specimen, i.e. full impregnated light test specimen；Or the top of simulation test specimen is the top of light transmission test specimen,
The lower part for simulating test specimen is the lower part of coal rock specimen, i.e., semi-transparent test specimen.
2. the intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image acquisition methods in coal petrography crack according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The coal rock specimen is cylinder, then in step S4, coal rock specimen is splitted as two semi-cylindricals.
3. the intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image acquisition methods in coal petrography crack according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In the step S7, the translucent material is high light transmission stereolithography apparatus resin.
4. the intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image acquisition methods in coal petrography crack according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The intracavitary three dimensional particles image speed measurement pilot system in coal petrography crack, the driving mechanism rotated including rotating disk, driving rotating disk,
Light transmission coal petrography fixture, fluid delivery system and image collecting device；
The optical mirror slip that M focal length is different or thickness is different is provided in the rotating disk, M is the positive integer greater than 1, described
It is circumferentially with N number of through-hole, N=M or N=M+1 on the end face of rotating disk, M optical mirror slip is arranged in through-holes and can be with one by one
Rotating disk rotation, simulation test specimen is located in one of the underface of optical mirror slip or through-hole when rotating disk rotates；
The light transmission coal petrography fixture has the seal cavity for loading simulation test specimen；
The delivery outlet of the fluid delivery system is connect with the entrance of light transmission coal petrography fixture, and fluid simulates test specimen from seal cavity
One end enter simulation test specimen crack chamber in, after from simulation test specimen the other end discharge, through simulation test specimen crack chamber stream
There is trace particle in body；
Described image acquisition device includes above optical mirror slip and luminous ray transmitting corresponding with simulation test specimen position fills
The CCD camera set and be connected with computer, the light irradiation simulation test specimen that the luminous ray emitter issues, through tracer
Particle reflection injects CCD camera after optical mirror slip reflects again.
5. the intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image acquisition methods in coal petrography crack according to claim 4, which is characterized in that
The focal length of the M optical mirror slip is different and test specimen is simulated in covering in the longitudinal direction；
Or the thickness of M optical mirror slip has the property that different incident rays by the upper different location in simulation test specimen longitudinal direction
Trace particle reflection after the optical mirror slip refraction through respective thickness, emergent ray can inject CCD camera.
6. the intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image acquisition methods in coal petrography crack according to claim 4, which is characterized in that
The fluid delivery system includes fluid tank and trace displaying particle generator, the outlet of the fluid tank and the stream of light transmission coal petrography fixture
Body entrance is connected to by first pipe, and the first pipe is equipped with the first valve, and the particle of the trace displaying particle generator goes out
Mouth is connected to first pipe；The fluid outlet of light transmission coal petrography fixture is connected to second pipe, and the second pipe is equipped with second
Valve；The first pipe is equipped with first pressure sensor, and the second pipe is equipped with second pressure sensor；And/or
The first pipe is equipped with first flowmeter, and the second pipe is equipped with second flowmeter.
7. the intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image acquisition methods in coal petrography crack according to claim 4, which is characterized in that
Described image acquisition device further includes the microcobjective and/or the luminous ray emitter positioned at the CCD camera front end
For pulse laser；
The simulation test specimen is located in the field range of described image acquisition device.
8. the intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image acquisition methods in coal petrography crack according to claim 7, which is characterized in that
The quantity of the CCD camera is two, and the quantity of the microcobjective is also two；The pulse laser is perpendicular to optical frames
Piece setting, two CCD cameras are symmetrical and inclined two sides for being located at the pulse laser.
9. according to the intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image acquisition methods in coal petrography crack described in claim 4-8 any one,
It is characterized in that, the light transmission coal petrography fixture includes the upper fixture to form the seal cavity and lower fixture, test piece upper part is simulated
Point affixed with upper fixture, simulation test piece lower part is divided affixed with lower fixture；Upper fixture is close by flexible membrane or elastic membrane with lower fixture
Envelope connection, simulation test specimen outer wall and seal cavity inner wall are tightly connected；The distance between upper fixture and lower fixture are adjustable, to change
Become the open width in simulation test specimen crack.
10. the intracavitary three-dimensional flow field speed hologram image acquisition methods in coal petrography crack according to claim 9, feature exist
In the lower fixture is mounted on fixed frame by articulated joint, stud is connected on the lower fixture, the upper fixture is under
Pressure, which is equipped with, between fixture covers the elastic component outside the stud, and the top of the stud passes through upper fixture and is located at the upper of upper fixture
Side, the top of the stud is threaded with nut.
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