CN110320104B - Water-coolable comprehensive rock multi-field coupling test loading device and method - Google Patents
Water-coolable comprehensive rock multi-field coupling test loading device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110320104B CN110320104B CN201910610121.0A CN201910610121A CN110320104B CN 110320104 B CN110320104 B CN 110320104B CN 201910610121 A CN201910610121 A CN 201910610121A CN 110320104 B CN110320104 B CN 110320104B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/42—Low-temperature sample treatment, e.g. cryofixation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/44—Sample treatment involving radiation, e.g. heat
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0252—Monoaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along a single axis of the specimen
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water-cooled comprehensive loading device and method for a rock multi-field coupling test, which comprises an outer box body, wherein a hearth with the outer surface tightly attached to the inner surface of the outer box body is arranged in the outer box body, the inner space of the hearth is communicated with one end of a cooling liquid inlet pipe and one end of a cooling liquid outlet pipe, the other end of the cooling liquid inlet pipe and the other end of the cooling liquid outlet pipe are communicated with the outer space of the outer box body, a shaft-water pressure loading mechanism capable of moving up and down penetrates through the tops of the outer box body and the hearth, a water injection flow passage is arranged in the shaft-water pressure loading mechanism and used for injecting water into a rock test piece, a bearing mechanism is fixed at the bottom in the hearth, and a heating element is arranged in the hearth and used for heating the rock test piece in the hearth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a water-coolable comprehensive loading device and method for a multi-field coupling test of rocks.
Background
The development and utilization of the hot dry rock have important significance for solving the energy shortage, improving the ecological environment and promoting the social sustainable development. The development and utilization of the hot dry rock relate to the coupling problem of a stress field, a seepage field and a temperature field of a deep stratum, and the mechanical characteristics and the fracture behavior of the deep rock under the condition of heat-flow-solid multi-field coupling directly influence the development and utilization efficiency of the hot dry rock and the success or failure of reservoir transformation.
Because the mechanical behavior of the rock mass fracture is extremely complex under the condition of heat-current-solid multi-field coupling, at present, an indoor test method is usually adopted to carry out relevant basic researches on mechanical properties of high-temperature rocks, degradation of water-cooling properties of the high-temperature rocks, hydraulic fracturing and the like. The existing test equipment can simulate the high-temperature, high-pressure and pore water pressure loading environment, but the inventor finds that some defects still exist, and the defects mainly comprise: 1) when the existing device is adopted to carry out the water-cooling degradation test of the high-temperature rock mass, a high-temperature test piece is usually required to be taken out of a heating device and then placed in water for cooling, the heat loss and the rock property change caused by air convection in the process are difficult to estimate, and a certain degree of error is brought to the test result; 2) most of the existing devices adopt a mode of heating hydraulic oil by using resistance wires, and because the oil temperature cooling and oil discharging time is long, the test efficiency is limited to a great extent; 3) most of the existing devices have single functions, can only simulate axial pressure and triaxial loading in a coupling environment, and cannot realize the test functions of tensile strength, hydraulic fracturing and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a water-cooled comprehensive loading device for a rock multi-field coupling test, so that the degradation of high-temperature rocks in the same heating chamber when the rocks are cooled by water can be realized, and the uniaxial compression, Brazilian splitting and hydraulic fracturing tests of rock samples at high temperature or after high-temperature water cooling can be performed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a but water-cooled many field coupling of rock test synthesizes loading device, includes outer box, the outer internal portion of external container is equipped with the furnace that the surface pastes the external box internal surface, the one end intercommunication of furnace inner space coolant liquid import pipe and coolant liquid outlet pipe, the coolant liquid import pipe and the other end of coolant liquid outlet pipe and outer external space intercommunication, the axle-water pressure loading mechanism that can up-and-down motion runs through at the top of outer box and furnace, the axle-water pressure loading mechanism is inside to have the water injection runner for to the inside water injection of rock test piece, bottom in the furnace is fixed with bears the weight of the mechanism, furnace installs heating element for heat the rock test piece in the furnace.
Further, the tank wall of outer box includes outer steel sheet and is located the inside inlayer insulating layer of outside steel sheet, installs first cooling tube between outer steel sheet and the inlayer insulating layer, and the through-hole is seted up to outer steel sheet for first cooling tube external water receiving pump pours into the coolant liquid into and discharges the coolant liquid, first cooling tube is used for cooling off outer box as safe deposit.
Furthermore, the outer box body is provided with an opening, a furnace door is arranged on a furnace chamber at the position of the opening, and an observation hole is reserved in the furnace door and used for observing the condition in the furnace chamber.
Further, a cavity is arranged inside the furnace wall of the hearth, the heating element is arranged in the cavity, an air cooler is further arranged in the cavity and used for cooling the heating element, and a protective layer is arranged on the inner side surface of the furnace wall of the hearth.
Further, the inner space of the hearth is communicated with the outer space through a pressure relief pipe, and the pressure relief pipe can prevent the experimental personnel from being injured by overlarge internal pressure during cooling.
Furthermore, the shaft-water pressure loading mechanism comprises a loading rod penetrating through the tops of the hearth and the outer box body and extending into the hearth, one end of the loading rod is connected with a water injection cushion block positioned outside the outer box body, the other end of the loading rod is connected with a loading plate in the hearth, a groove is reserved at the bottom of the loading plate and is concentrically arranged with a water injection flow channel and used for placing a sealing rubber ring, a second cooling pipe is fixed at the middle position of the loading rod and is communicated with the first cooling pipe, the part of the first cooling pipe extending into the loading rod is a copper pipe, the part connected with the outer wall of the loading rod is a deformable fiber pipe, and the water injection cushion block and the loading rod are internally provided with a water injection flow channel.
Furthermore, bear the weight of the mechanism including passing outer box and furnace top and stretching into the carrier bar in the furnace, carrier bar one end is connected with the loading board that is located furnace, and the other end is connected with the bearing support that is located outer box outside, carrier bar middle part position is fixed with the third cooling tube, the part that the third cooling tube stretches into the inside of carrier bar is the copper pipe, and the part that links to each other with the carrier bar outer wall is the deformable fiber pipe.
Furthermore, but water-cooled many field coupling of rock test integrated loading device still includes temperature control device, temperature control device includes first temperature sensor and second temperature sensor, first temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of rock test piece, second temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of the inside cavity of furnace, first temperature sensor and second temperature sensor all are connected with the temperature control case, and the temperature information who will detect transmits for the temperature control case, the temperature control case can pass through controller control heating element work.
The invention also discloses an operation method of the comprehensive loading device for the multi-field coupling test of the rocks by utilizing water cooling, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: and placing the water-cooled comprehensive rock multi-field coupling test loading device on a workbench of the uniaxial press.
Step 2: and placing the rock test piece on a bearing mechanism, contacting the shaft-water pressure loading mechanism with a pressure mechanism of the single-shaft press, and pressing the rock test piece by the shaft-water pressure loading mechanism and the bearing mechanism.
And step 3: the heating element is started to work, the rock test piece is heated, after the target temperature is reached, a uniaxial compression test or a hydraulic fracturing test or a Brazilian fracturing test is carried out according to needs, or cooling liquid is introduced into the hearth after the target temperature is reached, the rock test piece is cooled, and after drying, a uniaxial compression test or a hydraulic fracturing test or a Brazilian fracturing test after water cooling is carried out according to needs.
Further, when the uniaxial compression test is carried out at the target temperature, firstly, the rock test piece is heated to the target temperature, after the target temperature is reached, the press machine is adjusted to carry out the uniaxial compression test, and the stress and strain data of the rock are recorded in real time in the test process. When carrying out high temperature water cooling back unipolar compression test, after the rock test piece reached the target temperature, let in the coolant liquid in to furnace, cool off the rock test piece, readjust the press after the stoving and carry out unipolar compression test to the rock test piece, the stress and the strain data of real-time recording rock in the testing process.
Furthermore, before the hydraulic fracturing test is carried out, a water injection system is connected with a shaft-water pressure loading mechanism, a sealing rubber ring is placed at the groove of the loading plate, a sleeve extending out of the rock test piece is embedded in advance during the manufacturing of the rock test piece, the sleeve extends into a water injection flow channel, and the sealing rubber ring is used for sealing. When the hydraulic fracturing test is carried out at the target temperature, the rock test piece is heated to the target temperature, the press machine is readjusted to enable the rock test piece to be compressed, then the water pressure of the water injection system is adjusted to carry out the high-temperature hydraulic fracturing test, and the water pressure-time curve can be recorded in the test process. When the hydraulic fracturing test is carried out after high-temperature water cooling, after the rock test piece reaches the target temperature, the cooling liquid is introduced into the hearth to cool the rock test piece, the press machine is readjusted after drying to enable the rock test piece to be compressed, the water pressure of the water injection system is adjusted to carry out the high-temperature hydraulic fracturing test, and the water pressure-time curve can be recorded in the test process.
Furthermore, before the Brazilian splitting test is carried out, the Brazilian splitting clamp is used for clamping the rock test piece, and the rock test piece and the Brazilian splitting clamp are placed on the bearing mechanism together. When the current temperature chin cleavage test is carried out, the rock test piece is heated to reach the target temperature, the uniaxial press is adjusted to carry out the Brazilian cleavage test, and the rock stress and the axial deformation are recorded in real time in the test process. When carrying out high temperature meet water cooling back brazilian splitting test, after the rock test piece reaches the target temperature, let in the coolant liquid in to the furnace, open the pressure release pipe simultaneously, cool off the rock test piece, readjust the press after the stoving and carry out brazilian splitting test, real-time recording rock test piece stress and axial deformation in the testing process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention has simple structure, convenient operation and stronger integration and comprehensiveness, can realize the function of carrying out the test of the rock test piece under the high temperature condition (0-300 ℃) and after water cooling, and the heating or cooling of the test piece is carried out in the hearth without taking out the rock test piece, thereby avoiding the error caused by taking out the heated or cooled rock test piece in the prior art and improving the precision of the test result.
2. According to the invention, the heating element is arranged in the cavity of the hearth, the rock test piece is heated by adopting a radiation heat transfer mode, and the heated rock test piece can be taken out immediately through the clamp, so that the defects of long oil temperature cooling time, long oil discharge time and low test efficiency in the prior art that the rock test piece is heated by heating hydraulic oil by adopting a resistance wire are overcome.
3. The invention is used by matching with a uniaxial press, and can be used for developing uniaxial compression tests, hydraulic fracturing tests and Brazilian splitting tests of rock test pieces under high-temperature or water-cooling conditions by connecting the water injection cushion block with the high-pressure water injector to apply water pressure.
4. The invention adopts the temperature control box, can carry out temperature control and test data recording, and can analyze the mechanical property, the cracking behavior and the change rule of the rock test piece in different temperatures and cooling states by analyzing a temperature-time curve, a stress strain curve and the like, thereby providing theoretical support and technical guidance for deep energy exploitation.
5. The invention has the first cooling pipe, can introduce cooling liquid through the external water pump to cool the box wall of the external box body and the interior of the hearth, prevents heat from being dissipated to the external environment through the box wall, and avoids scalding operators. Meanwhile, the test precision is improved, and the test efficiency is accelerated.
6. The loading rod and the bearing rod are respectively provided with the second cooling pipe and the third cooling pipe which are communicated with the first cooling pipe, so that the loading rod or the bearing rod can be prevented from transferring high-temperature heat to the external environment.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of example 1 of the present invention in which a uniaxial compression test is performed;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of example 1 of the present invention when performing a hydraulic fracturing test;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the Brazilian split test in example 1 of the present invention.
The device comprises an outer box body 1, a furnace door 2, an observation hole 3, a temperature control box 4, a water injection cushion block 5, a loading rod 6, a bearing support 7, an outer steel plate 8, a cooling liquid inlet pipe 9, a first cooling pipe 10, an inner heat insulation layer 11, a furnace wall 12, a heating element 13, a first temperature sensor 14, a protective layer 15, a second temperature sensor 16, a third loading section 17, a second loading section 18, a second loading section 19, a second cooling pipe 20, a first loading section 21, a loading plate 22, a rock test piece 23, a bearing plate 24, a first bearing section 25, a cooling liquid outlet pipe 26, a second bearing section 27, a third bearing section 28, a sleeve 29, a Brazilian splitting clamp 30, a pressure relief pipe 31 and a third cooling pipe.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
For convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if any, merely indicate correspondence with up, down, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As introduced by the background art, the conventional test device for researching the mechanical property of the rock in the fluid-solid-thermal coupling environment has certain defects, the test result has errors, the test efficiency is low, the function is single, and aiming at the problems, the application provides the comprehensive loading device for the water-cooled multi-field coupling test of the rock.
In example 1 of a typical embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, a water-coolable comprehensive loading device for a multi-field rock coupling test includes an outer box 1 having a cavity therein, a hearth is provided in the cavity of the outer box 1, an outer surface of the hearth is closely attached to an inner surface of the outer box 1, the hearth is connected to a coolant inlet pipe 9 and a coolant outlet pipe 25 which are communicated with an inner space of the hearth, the coolant inlet pipe 9 and the coolant outlet pipe 25 are communicated with the outside through a wall of the outer box 1, the coolant inlet pipe 9 is communicated with a top of the inner space of the hearth, the coolant outlet pipe 25 is communicated with a bottom of the inner space of the hearth, a shaft-water pressure loading mechanism capable of moving up and down is penetrated through tops of the outer box 1 and the hearth, a water injection flow passage is provided inside the shaft-water pressure loading mechanism, the water injection furnace is used for injecting water into the rock test piece 22, a bearing mechanism is fixed at the bottom end of the furnace, a heating element 13 is further installed on the furnace, and the heating element 13 is used for heating the rock test piece 22 in the furnace.
The box wall of the outer box body 1 is composed of an outer steel plate 8 and an inner heat insulation layer 11 located inside the outer steel plate, the inner heat insulation layer is made of heat insulation materials, and the inner heat insulation layer 11 is used for reducing the temperature of the outer side of the hearth and improving the surrounding environment. Install first cooling tube 10 between outer steel sheet 8 and inlayer insulating layer 11, first cooling tube 10 is used for cooling off outer box 1 as safe deposit and ensures that outer steel sheet 8 temperature is in the laboratory technician and can bear safe temperature, and two through-holes are opened to outer steel sheet 8 side for the external water pump of first cooling tube 10 pours into the coolant liquid into and discharges the coolant liquid. The outer box body 1 is provided with an opening, a furnace door 2 is arranged on a furnace chamber at the position of the opening, the furnace door 2 is composed of a steel plate and a heat insulation sealing material, an observation hole 3 is reserved in the furnace door 2, and the observation hole 3 is sealed by a mica sheet and a heat insulation material and used for observing the condition in the furnace chamber.
The utility model discloses a rock test piece, including furnace, outer box 1, furnace and protective layer 15, furnace and outer box 1 are connected, and furnace 12 of furnace adopts refractory material to constitute, can absorb the harmful gas that rock test piece 22 distributed out to can bear utmost point cold and extremely hot phenomenon, be equipped with the cavity in furnace 12 of furnace, be equipped with heating element 13 in the cavity, heating element 13 adopts the heating rod, still be provided with forced air cooler in the cavity, forced air cooler is used for preventing the high-temperature oxidation of heating rod, protective layer 15 is laid to the internal surface of furnace 12, protective layer 15 can be dismantled, can select protective layer 15 thickness according to the cooling temperature, and protective layer 15 adopts and has high thermal conductivity, corrosion resisting property and possess certain strength material and make (for example copper product), protective layer 15 can prevent that rock debris that splashes when rock test piece 22 destroys and the pressure that. The furnace wall 12 of the upper part and the lower part are provided with coaxial central holes, the central hole of the upper part is used as a channel for the vertical movement of the shaft-water pressure loading mechanism, and the central hole of the lower part is used as a channel for installing the bearing mechanism.
And the cooling liquid inlet pipe 9 penetrates through the outer box body 1 and the furnace wall 12 of the hearth and is used for introducing cooling liquid into the hearth so as to rapidly cool the hearth. Be equipped with the sealing washer between the wall of coolant liquid import pipe 9 and furnace's oven 12 and outer box 1, stretch out the pipeline section installation valve of outer box 1 simultaneously, coolant liquid outlet pipe 25 passes outer box 1 and furnace, and coolant liquid outlet pipe 25 is used for discharging the coolant liquid in the furnace, is equipped with the sealing washer between coolant liquid outlet pipe 25 and furnace's oven 12 and the wall of outer box 1, is stretching out the pipeline section installation valve of outer box 1 simultaneously, the furnace inner space is still through pressure release pipe 30 and outer box 1 exterior space intercommunication, and the too big injury to the experimenter of internal pressure when preventing to cool off, pressure release pipe 30 stretches out to the outside pipeline section of outer box 1 and installs the valve.
The shaft-water pressure loading mechanism comprises a loading rod 6, a loading plate 21 and a water injection cushion block 5. The loading rod 6 penetrates through the hearth and the top of the outer box body 1 through a central hole reserved in the outer box wall and the top of the hearth, the loading rod 6 is composed of a first loading section 20, a second loading section 18 and a third loading section 17, the first loading section 20 is connected with a loading plate 21 located inside the hearth, the second loading section 18 is connected with the first loading section 20, a second cooling pipe 19 is fixed on the second loading section 18, the second cooling pipe 19 is connected with the first cooling pipe 10 in the outer box body 1 and shares a water pump with the first cooling pipe 10 to perform cooling liquid circulation, the second cooling pipe 19 is divided into two parts, a thin-wall copper pipe is used as the part extending into the loading rod 6, a high-temperature-resistant deformable fiber pipe is used as the part connected with the outer wall of the loading rod 6, and the second cooling pipe can prevent the first loading section 20 from transmitting high temperature to the external environment. The third loading section 17 is connected with the second loading section 18, one end of the third loading section 17, which extends out of the outer part of the outer box body 1, is connected with a water injection cushion block 5 positioned outside the outer box body 1, and a sealing ring is arranged between the loading rod 6 and the furnace wall 12 of the hearth and the wall of the outer box body 1. And water injection flow channels are arranged in the water injection cushion blocks 5 and the loading rods 6, and the water injection flow channels in the water injection cushion blocks 5 are distributed in an L shape.
A circular groove is reserved at the bottom of the loading plate 21 and used for placing a sealing rubber ring and sealing water injected into the rock test piece 22 through a water injection runner during a hydraulic fracturing test so as to prevent water leakage.
The bearing mechanism comprises a bearing rod, a bearing plate 23 and a bearing support 7, the bearing rod is composed of a first bearing section 24, a second bearing section 26 and a third bearing section 27, and the first bearing section 24 extends into the hearth and is connected with the loading plate 23. The second bearing section 26 is connected with the first bearing section 24, the second bearing section 26 is fixedly provided with a third cooling pipe 31, the third cooling pipe 31 and the first cooling pipe 10 are connected in the outer box body 1 and share a water pump with the first cooling pipe 10 for cooling liquid circulation, the third cooling pipe 31 is divided into two parts, a thin-wall copper pipe is used for the part extending into the bearing rod, a high-temperature-resistant deformable fiber pipe is used for the part connected with the outer wall of the bearing rod, and the third cooling pipe 31 can prevent the first bearing section 24 from transmitting high temperature to the external environment. The third bearing section 27 is connected to the second bearing section 26, and the third bearing section 27 is connected to the bearing support 7 located outside the outer box 1. The bearing support 7 plays a role in protecting the outer box body 1 and the hearth during axial loading, so that the externally applied pressure is only transmitted along the path of the shaft-water pressure loading mechanism, the rock test piece 22 and the bearing mechanism.
Synthesize loading attachment still include temperature control device, temperature control device includes temperature control box 4, first temperature sensor 14 and second temperature sensor 16, first temperature sensor 14 is used for measuring the temperature of rock test piece 22, second temperature sensor 16 is used for measuring the temperature of the inside cavity of furnace, first temperature sensor 14 and second temperature sensor 16 all are connected with temperature control box 4, transmit the temperature information who detects for temperature control box 4, temperature control box 4 passes through the controller and is connected with the heating rod, and temperature control box 4 can control the work of heating rod.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a method for utilizing a water-cooled comprehensive loading device for a multi-field coupling test of rocks, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: and placing the water-cooled comprehensive rock multi-field coupling test loading device on a workbench of the uniaxial press.
Step 2: the rock test piece 22 is placed on the bearing mechanism, the shaft-water pressure loading mechanism is in contact with a pressure mechanism of the single-shaft press, the shaft-water pressure loading mechanism and the bearing mechanism compress the rock test piece 22, and a hydraulic fracture test, a Brazilian fracture test or a single-shaft compression test is selected according to actual requirements.
If a hydraulic fracture test needs to be carried out, a sleeve 28 needs to be embedded in the rock test piece 22 during manufacturing, the sleeve 28 cannot be completely embedded in the rock test piece 22 and extends out of the rock test piece 22 for a certain distance, a sealing rubber ring matched with the sleeve 28 is arranged in a circular groove at the bottom end of the water injection runner, when the rock test piece 22 is placed, the sleeve 28 and the water injection runner are arranged concentrically, when the rock test piece 22 is clamped by the loading plate 21 and the loading plate 23, the sleeve 28 is inserted into a rubber sealing ring at the lower end of the loading plate 21 by pre-pressure, the sleeve 28 is communicated with the water injection runner, water can enter the rock test piece 22 through the water injection runner and the sleeve 28, water leakage is prevented by the sealing rubber ring, and pressure is applied to the.
If the Brazilian splitting test needs to be carried out, the Brazilian splitting clamp 29 is used for clamping the rock test piece 22, and the rock test piece 22 and the Brazilian splitting clamp 29 are jointly placed between the bearing plate 23 and the loading plate 21.
If a uniaxial compression test is performed, the rock specimen 22 is placed directly between the bearing plate 23 and the loading plate 21.
And step 3: and starting the heating rod to work, heating the rock test piece 22 by utilizing the radiation heat transfer of the heating rod, wherein the heating temperature range is 0-300 ℃, and performing a uniaxial compression and extension test or a hydraulic fracture test or a Brazilian fracture test as required after reaching the target temperature.
When the uniaxial compression test and the Brazilian splitting test are carried out, the axial force of the rock test piece 22 is applied by a pressure mechanism of the uniaxial press through the shaft-water pressure loading mechanism and the bearing mechanism, and when the hydraulic splitting test is carried out, the rock test piece 22 is clamped and fastened by the axial force, so that the rock test piece 22 is prevented from being separated from the lower loading plate 23 due to the water pressure in the rock test piece 22.
When the uniaxial compression test is carried out at the target temperature, firstly, the rock test piece 22 is raised to the target temperature, after the target temperature is reached, the uniaxial press is adjusted to carry out the uniaxial compression test, and the stress and the strain of the rock test piece 22 are recorded in real time in the test process.
Before a hydraulic fracturing test at a target temperature is carried out, a water injection system is connected with a shaft-water pressure loading mechanism, a sleeve 28 extending out of a rock test piece 22 is embedded in advance when the rock test piece 22 is manufactured, a sealing rubber ring matched with the sleeve 28 is fixed at the bottom end of a loading plate 21, and when the rock test piece 22 is placed, the sleeve 28 and the water outlet end of a water injection flow channel are concentric to prevent water leakage. The single-shaft press works to enable the sleeve 28 to be inserted into the sealing rubber ring arranged in the groove, the sleeve 28 is communicated with the water injection runner, when a hydraulic fracturing test is carried out at a target temperature, firstly, the rock test piece 22 is heated to the target temperature, the press is readjusted to enable the rock test piece 22 to be compressed, the water pressure of a water injection system is adjusted to carry out the high-temperature hydraulic fracturing test, and a water pressure-time curve can be recorded in the test process.
Before the Brazilian splitting test is carried out, the rock test piece is clamped by the Brazilian splitting clamp 29, and the rock test piece 22 and the Brazilian splitting clamp 29 are placed on the bearing mechanism together. When the chin-west split test at the target temperature is carried out, the rock test piece 22 is heated to reach the target temperature, the uniaxial press is adjusted to carry out the brazilian split test, and the rock stress and the axial deformation are recorded in real time during the test.
Example 3:
the embodiment discloses a method for utilizing a water-cooled comprehensive loading device for a rock multi-field coupling test, wherein after a rock test piece 22 reaches a target temperature, a cooling liquid is injected into a hearth through a cooling liquid inlet pipe 9, a pressure relief pipe 30 is opened at the same time, the rock test piece 22 is cooled, a uniaxial compression test or a hydraulic fracture test or a Brazilian fracture test is carried out after drying, other steps of the test are the same as those of embodiment 2, and detailed description is omitted.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A water-cooled comprehensive loading device for multi-field coupling tests on rocks is characterized by comprising an outer box body, a hearth with the outer surface tightly attached to the inner surface of the outer box body is arranged in the outer box body, the hearth is connected with a cooling liquid inlet pipe and a cooling liquid outlet pipe which are communicated with the inner space of the hearth, the cooling liquid inlet pipe and the cooling liquid outlet pipe penetrate through the wall of the outer box body to be communicated with the outside, the cooling liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the top of the space in the hearth, the cooling liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the bottom of the space in the hearth, the shaft-water pressure loading mechanism capable of moving up and down penetrates through the top of the outer box body and the hearth, a water injection flow passage is arranged in the shaft-water pressure loading mechanism, the water injection furnace is used for injecting water into the rock test piece, a bearing mechanism is fixed at the bottom in the hearth, and the hearth is provided with a heating element for heating the rock test piece in the hearth;
the shaft-water pressure loading mechanism comprises a loading rod penetrating through the tops of a hearth and an outer box body and extending into the hearth, one end of the loading rod is connected with a water injection cushion block positioned outside the outer box body, the other end of the loading rod is connected with a loading plate in the hearth, a groove is reserved at the bottom of the loading plate and is concentrically arranged with a water injection flow channel and used for placing a sealing rubber ring, a second cooling pipe is fixed at the middle position of the loading rod and is communicated with a first cooling pipe, the part of the first cooling pipe extending into the loading rod is a copper pipe, the part connected with the outer wall of the loading rod is a deformable fiber pipe, and the water injection cushion block and the loading rod are internally provided with a water injection flow channel.
2. The water-cooled comprehensive loading device for the multi-field rock coupling test is characterized in that the wall of the outer box body comprises an outer steel plate and an inner heat insulation layer positioned inside the outer steel plate, a first cooling pipe is arranged between the outer steel plate and the inner heat insulation layer, the outer steel plate is provided with a through hole for the first cooling pipe to be connected with a water pump to inject cooling liquid into and discharge the cooling liquid out of the first cooling pipe, and the first cooling pipe is used as a safety reserve for cooling the outer box body.
3. The water-cooled comprehensive loading device for the multi-field rock coupling test is characterized in that the outer box body is provided with an opening, a furnace door is arranged on a furnace cavity at the position of the opening, and an observation hole is reserved in the furnace door and used for observing the condition in the furnace cavity.
4. The water-cooled comprehensive loading device for the multi-field coupling test of the rocks as claimed in claim 1, wherein a chamber is arranged inside the wall of the hearth, the heating element is arranged in the chamber, an air cooler is further arranged in the chamber and used for cooling the heating element, and a protective layer is arranged on the inner side surface of the wall of the hearth.
5. The water-coolable comprehensive loading device for the multi-field coupling test of the rocks as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner space of the hearth is further communicated with the external space through a pressure relief pipe, and the pressure relief pipe can prevent the experimental personnel from being injured by overlarge internal pressure during cooling.
6. The water-cooled comprehensive loading device for the multi-field coupling test of the rocks as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bearing mechanism comprises a bearing rod penetrating through the outer box and the top of the hearth and extending into the hearth, one end of the bearing rod is connected with the bearing plate positioned in the hearth, the other end of the bearing rod is connected with a bearing support positioned outside the outer box, a third cooling pipe is fixed in the middle of the bearing rod, the part of the third cooling pipe extending into the bearing rod is a copper pipe, and the part connected with the outer wall of the bearing rod is a deformable fiber pipe.
7. The water-coolable comprehensive loading device for multi-field rock coupling tests as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a temperature control device, wherein the temperature control device comprises a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor, the first temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of the rock test piece, the second temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of the cavity inside the hearth, the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are both connected with a temperature control box, detected temperature information is transmitted to the temperature control box, and the temperature control box can control the heating element to work through a controller.
8. The implementation method of the water-coolable comprehensive loading device for the multi-field coupling test of the rocks as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: placing a water-cooled comprehensive rock multi-field coupling test loading device on a workbench of a single-shaft press;
step 2: placing the rock test piece on a bearing mechanism, contacting a shaft-water pressure loading mechanism with a pressure mechanism of a single-shaft press, and pressing the rock test piece by the shaft-water pressure loading mechanism and the bearing mechanism;
the shaft-water pressure loading mechanism comprises a loading rod penetrating through the tops of a hearth and an outer box body and extending into the hearth, one end of the loading rod is connected with a water injection cushion block positioned outside the outer box body, the other end of the loading rod is connected with a loading plate in the hearth, a groove is reserved at the bottom of the loading plate, the groove and a water injection flow channel are concentrically arranged and used for placing a sealing rubber ring, a second cooling pipe is fixed in the middle of the loading rod and communicated with a first cooling pipe, the part of the first cooling pipe extending into the loading rod is a copper pipe, the part connected with the outer wall of the loading rod is a deformable fiber pipe, and water injection flow channels are arranged inside the water injection cushion block and the loading rod;
and step 3: the heating element is started to work, the rock test piece is heated, after the target temperature is reached, a uniaxial compression test or a hydraulic fracturing test or a Brazilian fracturing test is carried out according to needs, or cooling liquid is introduced into the hearth after the target temperature is reached, the rock test piece is cooled, and after drying, a uniaxial compression test or a hydraulic fracturing test or a Brazilian fracturing test after water cooling is carried out according to needs.
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| CN111721641A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-09-29 | 山东大学 | Heating constant temperature device and method for high-temperature rock uniaxial compression test |
| CN114184489A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-15 | 北京科技大学 | System and method for realizing real-time uniaxial compression at high temperature |
| CN115639138A (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-01-24 | 中国矿业大学 | Rock damage test device under high temperature and acid solution flow coupling effect |
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| CN101710048B (en) * | 2009-10-21 | 2011-07-20 | 中国矿业大学 | Device and method for heating rock specimen under triaxial pressure |
| CN103868791A (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2014-06-18 | 西安石油大学 | Method and device for cooling fatigue testing machine |
| CN204302097U (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-04-29 | 宁波大学 | A kind of Rock And Soil based on inside and outside combined heat moves/static(al) three axle temperature control experimental rig |
| CN104897460B (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2018-06-01 | 吉林大学 | The piece fixture of multi-load coupling loading and its multiple physical field coupling loading method |
| CN105300807B (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2018-02-16 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of high temperature true triaxial Rock experiment machine |
| CN108375507B (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2020-05-05 | 河海大学 | Hydraulic concrete hydraulic splitting device and method under rapid temperature-varying coupling complex stress condition |
| CN108613874B (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2020-10-02 | 安徽理工大学 | Triaxial loading water rock effect experimental apparatus |
| CN109900544A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-06-18 | 河海大学 | A kind of triaxial test system that can simulate complex environment and stress |
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