CN110319651A - 一种基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统及集运方法 - Google Patents

一种基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统及集运方法 Download PDF

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CN110319651A
CN110319651A CN201810269836.XA CN201810269836A CN110319651A CN 110319651 A CN110319651 A CN 110319651A CN 201810269836 A CN201810269836 A CN 201810269836A CN 110319651 A CN110319651 A CN 110319651A
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natural gas
lng
cold energy
heat exchanger
gas
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张敏卿
毛文军
舒伟
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F25J1/0223—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop in combination with the subsequent re-vaporisation of the originally liquefied gas at a second location to produce the external cryogenic component
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0234—Integration with a cryogenic air separation unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F25J1/0278—Unit being stationary, e.g. on floating barge or fixed platform
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04254—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using the cold stored in external cryogenic fluids
    • F25J3/0426—The cryogenic component does not participate in the fractionation
    • F25J3/04266—The cryogenic component does not participate in the fractionation and being liquefied hydrocarbons
    • F25J3/04272—The cryogenic component does not participate in the fractionation and being liquefied hydrocarbons and comprising means for reducing the risk of pollution of hydrocarbons into the air fractionation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04278—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using external refrigeration units, e.g. closed mechanical or regenerative refrigeration units
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    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/013—Single phase liquid
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    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统及集运方法，使净化后的天然气在天然气液化系统中的天然气‑液氮（LN2）换热器中获得冷能成为液态天然气（LNG），通过输运系统输送至LNG冷能利用系统中，将LNG的冷能释放给氮气（GN2），使GN2变为LN2，然后将LN2通过输运系统输送至天然气液化系统中的天然气‑LN2换热器中，为天然气液化提供冷能，实现冷能回收利用。本发明用于分散型陆地及海上油田伴生气、煤层气、页岩气、低产气井及沼气等不适宜管道输运的天然气资源回收与储运，解决偏远边际及“瘦小”天然气资源管输不经济的问题；用于长距远洋LNG运输时，既节省了能源又降低了环境染污风险。

Description

一种基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统及集运方法
技术领域
本发明属于天然气输送系统技术领域，涉及一种基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统及集运方法。
背景技术
我国是能源消费大国，预计今后十年，清洁能源天然气年消费量将达3000亿立方米以上，每年需要大量进口作为燃料或原料，其中相当部分以LNG形式进行运输。另外我国非常规天然气资源丰富，如分散型陆地及海上油田伴生气、煤层气、页岩气、低产气井及沼气等分布式天然气，但此类天然气资源因偏远、短期、边际及瘦小存在规模与地域不匹配问题，不具备大规模液化或长距离管输的条件，只能放火炬等方式放掉。这就造成了一方面国内天然气短缺，另一方面非常规天然气资源在放火炬，既浪费资源又污染环境的现象。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统及集运方法。本发明的基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统及集运方法，用于分散型陆地及海上油田伴生气、煤层气、页岩气、低产气井及沼气等不适宜管道输运的天然气资源回收与储运，解决偏远边际及“瘦小”天然气资源管输不经济的问题；本发明的系统及方法用于长距远洋LNG运输时，既节省了能源也降低了环境染污风险。
为解决上述问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统，包括天然气液化系统、输运系统和LNG冷能利用系统，净化后的天然气在所述天然气液化系统中的天然气-LN2（液氮）换热器中获得冷能成为LNG（液态天然气），通过输运系统输送至LNG冷能利用系统中后，将LNG的冷能释放给GN2，使GN2变为LN2，然后将所述LN2通过输运系统输送至天然气液化系统中的天然气-LN2换热器中，为天然气液化提供冷能，实现天然气集运系统中的冷能回收利用过程。
进一步地，所述天然气液化系统中还包括天然气资源地LNG储罐和天然气资源地LN2储罐，天然气资源地LN2储罐与天然气-LN2换热器的吸热管路的进料口连接，天然气资源地LNG储罐与天然气-LN2换热器的放热管路的出料口连接。
进一步地，所述天然气液化系统还与天然气净化系统相连，所述天然气净化系统中的天然气净化装置通过净化天然气出料管将净化天然气传输至天然气-LN2换热器的放热管路的进料端。在天然气资源地，粗气态天然气通过进料管与天然气净化装置相连接，通过天然气净化装置去除CO2、H2O、H2S及其它轻烃，然后进入气态天然气液化装置。
进一步地，所述LNG冷能利用系统中包括LNG-氮气换热器、天然气门站LNG储罐和天然气门站LN2储罐，天然气门站LNG储罐与LNG-氮气换热器的吸热管路的进料口连接，天然气门站LN2储罐与LNG-氮气换热器的放热管路的出料口连接。
进一步地，所述LNG冷能利用系统中还与空分塔相连，所述LNG-氮气换热器的放热管路的出料口还分出另一管路将LN2作为回流液输送至空分塔中，空分塔中氮气液化所需冷能由LNG气化产生；所述空分塔中分出的氮气传输至LNG-氮气换热器的放热管路的进料端，空分塔中分出的得到的O2可为气态氧（GO2）或液氧（LO2），通过管线供给O2用户使用。
进一步地，所述LNG冷能利用系统中包括LNG-氩气换热器、氩循环系统、空分塔、天然气门站LNG储罐和天然气门站LN2储罐；所述氩循环系统包括由液氩管道、循环氩节流膨胀阀、循环氩换热器、氩气管道、循环氩气压缩机和LNG-氩气换热器组成的串联回路；天然气门站LNG储罐与所述LNG-氩气换热器的进料口连接，天然气门站LN2储罐与循环氩-氮气换热器的放热管路的出料口连接；空分塔中分出的氮气传输至循环氩-氮气换热器的放热管路的进料端，所述循环氩-氮气换热器的放热管路的出料口还分出另一管路将LN2作为回流液输送至空分塔中。进一步地，所述输运系统中运输工具是深冷运输车或深冷运输船；对于陆地煤层气、页岩气、低产气井及沼气等分布式天然气资源，运输工具为深冷运输车，运输车既能运输LNG又能运输LN2，避免返程空驶；对于海上油田伴生气或远洋LNG运输，运输工具是深冷运输船，往返满载运输，返程不需充装压载水，避免异域海水污染风险。本发明还提供了基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统的使用方法，包括以下步骤：将净化后的天然气在天然气液化系统中获得冷能成为LNG，然后通过输运系统输送至LNG冷能利用系统中后，将冷能释放给氮气，使氮气变为LN2，然后再将LN2通过输运系统输送至天然气液化系统，为天然气液化提供冷能，实现天然气集运系统中的冷能回收循环利用过程，LN2气化生成的氮气排放或供给用户，不存在环境污染问题。
进一步地，LNG-LN2换热器中气态天然气液化压力为0.1MPa—0.3MPa，对应温度为-162℃—-147℃。优选常压（0.1MPa）液化，避免常规天然气液化所需要的高压力，进一步节省液化过程能耗。进一步地，天然气-LN2换热器中LN2气化压力为0.4MPa—1.5MPa，对应温度为-182℃—-163℃，以避免液化过程中LNG凝结（天然气凝固点-183℃）。对于氮气GN2废弃排放情况，优选低压（0.4MPa）气化；对于用户使用GN2情况，若所需压力不高于1.5MPa，可按用户对GN2的压力要求确定气化压力，带压力的GN2直接进入用户管网；对于用户使用GN2压力高于1.5MPa情况，则LN2在1.5MPa气化，然后再增增压使用。
进一步地，氩气经循环氩气压缩机后压力范围为0.7MPa—4.8MPa，对应的温度为：-162℃—-122℃。
进一步地，循环氩经过节流膨胀后压力为0.1MPa—1.6MPa，温度为-186℃—-148℃。
进一步地，所述被冷却介质包括氮气，所述循环氩换热器包括循环氩-氮气换热器，在循环氩-氮气换热器中，氮气压力为0.1MPa—3.4MPa，温度为-186℃—-147℃。
本发明的基本原理为：通过运输工具将LNG或液化富天然气轻烃送至天然气用户门站，在门站进行处理气化得到气态天然气（GNG）。气化过程LNG释放的冷能用于空气深冷分离，生产LN2及氧气（LO2或GO2）。其中O2作为产品出售，LN2则通过运输工具，返程送至天然气资源所在地。在天然气资源地，LN2通过气化将冷能传递给GNG或富甲烷气，将其液化得到LNG或液态富甲烷轻烃。气化后的氮气GN2放空或作为油田驱油等工作用气，LNG或液态富甲烷轻烃则通过运输工具送至天然气用户门站。如此完成冷能循环。
同时，在液态天然气冷能释放过程中，为了进一步提高本发明液态天然气冷能的利用效率，引入了基于氩循环的LNG冷能利用系统，采用LNG-氩气换热器，以氩气为工质通过热泵回收LNG冷能，利用氩气焦耳-汤姆逊效应提高冷能品位后传递被冷却介质，可以有效提高LNG冷能利用率，使LNG冷能利用率提高到90％以上，更好的实现绿色环保理念。
有益效果
1) 本发明的基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统，采用冷能循环利用方式，采用外冷方法，以LNG气化冷能产生LN2，以LN2气化冷能进行天然气液化，可以大大提高冷能的回收利用效率，相对传统液化方式流程缩短、设备简单、能耗降低，LN2气化后排放或使用，环境友好无污染。
2) 本发明的基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统，采用运输车或船采用双程模式，降低综合成本，尤其是远洋船运，返程运LN2不需充装压载水，既环保又可降低成本。
3) 本发明的基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统，用于分散在陆地及海上的油气田伴生气收集，可消灭火炬，避免海底管道建设维护；用于收集气田开发、煤层气、页岩气及沼气等零星资源，液化外送，避免燃放损失，不用铺设管道，节省投资，节能环保。
4) 本发明的基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统中，天然气液化装置可按气量规模设计成套设备，小型化、撬装化，便于拆装运输及随气源移动。
5) 本发明的基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统中，在天然气门站，采用基于氩循环的LNG冷能空分技术得到LN2及O2，可使LNG冷能回收效率由常规LGN冷能空分的不足30%提高到大于90%。
附图说明
图1为本发明的基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统的示意图；
图2为本发明的基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统中的基于氩循环的LNG冷能利用系统的示意图；
其中，图1中1-天然气净化装置、101-天然气进料管、102-净化天然气出料管、2-天然气-LN2换热器、201-LN2进料管、202-氮气排出管、203-LNG充罐管、3-天然气资源地LNG储罐、301-LNG装车管、4-天然气资源地LN2储罐、401-LN2卸车管、5-天然气门站LNG储罐、501-LNG卸车管、6-天然气门站LN2储罐、601-LN2装车管、7-空分塔、701-空气进口管、702-氮气出口管、703-O2出口管、8-LNG-氮气换热器、801-LNG进口管、802-天然气排出管、803-LN2进罐管、804-LN2回流管、9-运输工具；
其中，图2中，S1-LNG进料管、S2-LNG-氩气换热器、S3-NG压缩机、S4-NG冷却器、S401-冷却水进口管、S402-冷却水出口管、S5-NG用户管道、S6-循环氩节流膨胀阀、S601-液氩管道、S7-循环氩-氮气换热器、S701-GN2进口管道、S702-LN2出口管道、S8-循环氩-空气换热器、S801-净化空气进口管道、S802-冷空气出口管道、S9-循环氩气压缩机、S901-氩气管道、S10-空分塔、S1001-空分塔氮产品出口管道、S1002-空分塔污氮出口管道、S1003-空分塔氧产品出口管道。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
如附图1所示，是本发明的一种基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统，包括天然气液化系统、输运系统和LNG冷能利用系统，净化后的天然气在天然气液化系统中的天然气-LN2换热器2中获得冷能成为LNG后，通过输运系统输送至LNG冷能利用系统中后，将LNG的冷能释放给氮气，使氮气变为LN2，然后将LN2通过输运系统输送至天然气液化系统中的天然气-LN2换热器2中，为天然气液化提供冷能，实现天然气集运系统中的冷能回收利用过程。
进一步地，天然气液化系统中还包括天然气资源地LNG储罐3和天然气资源地LN2储罐4，天然气资源地LN2储罐4与天然气-LN2换热器2的吸热管路的进料口连接，天然气资源地LNG储罐3与天然气-LN2换热器2的放热管路的出料口连接。
进一步地，天然气液化系统还与天然气净化系统相连，天然气净化系统中的天然气净化装置1通过净化天然气出料管102将净化天然气传输至天然气-LN2换热器2的放热管路的进料端。在天然气资源地，粗气态天然气通过进料管与天然气净化装置1相连接，通过天然气净化装置1去除CO2、H2O、H2S及其它轻烃，然后进入天然气液化装置。
进一步地，LNG冷能利用系统中还包括LNG-氮气换热器8、天然气门站LNG储罐5和天然气门站LN2储罐6，天然气门站LNG储罐5与LNG-氮气换热器8的吸热管路的进料口连接，天然气门站LN2储罐6与LNG-氮气换热器8的放热管路的出料口连接。
进一步地，LNG冷能利用系统还与空分塔7相连，LNG-氮气换热器8的放热管路的出料口还分出另一管路将LN2作为回流液输送至空分塔7中，空分塔7中LNG液化所需冷能由LN2气化产生；空分塔7中分出的氮气传输至LNG-氮气换热器8的放热管路的进料端，空分塔7中分出的得到的O2可为GO2或LO2，通过管线供给O2用户使用。
进一步地，输运系统中运输工具是深冷运输车或深冷运输船；对于陆地煤层气、页岩气、低产气井及沼气等分布式天然气资源，运输工具为深冷运输车，运输车既能运输LNG又能运输LN2，避免返程空驶；对于海上油田伴生气或远洋LNG运输，运输工具是深冷运输船，往返满载运输，返程不需充装压载水，避免异域海水污染风险。
具体的冷能利用过程如下：
在天然气资源地，天然气进料管101与天然气净化装置1相连接，在净化装置内去除CO2、H2O、H2S及其它轻烃，然后通过净化天然气出料管102进入天然气-LN2换热器2；由LNG和LN2运输工具9从天然气门站运送来的LN2通过卸车管与天然气资源地LN2储罐4连接，然后通过LN2进料管201进入天然气-LN2换热器2；在天然气-LN2换热器2中，LN2气化为GN2（氮气）将冷能传递给GNG（气态天然气），GNG得以冷凝成为LNG；出液化装置的LNG通过充罐管 203进入天然气资源地LNG储罐3，然后通过运输工具9运送至天然气门站；出天然气-LN2换热器2的GN2则通过氮气排出管202排放或与GN2用户管线连接供用户使用。在天然气门站，运输工具运送过来的LNG通过LNG卸车管501送入天然气门站LNG储罐5；进一步，LNG通过LNG进料管801进入LNG-氮气换热器8；在LNG-氮气换热器8中，LNG气化生成GNG将冷能传递给GN2，将GN2冷凝为LN2；出LNG-氮气换热器8的GNG通过天然气排出管802供给用户，出LNG-氮气换热器8的LN2通过LN2进罐管803与天然气门站LN2储罐6连接，LN2回流管804与空分塔7相连接；天然气门站LN2储罐6中的LN2由LN2装车管601输送至运输工具9中，然后运送至天然气资源地，形成冷能循环；净化后的空气通过空气进口管701与空分塔7相连，空分装置产生的GN2通过氮气出口管702与LNG-氮气换热器8连接，出LNG-氮气换热器8的部分LN2通过LN2回流管804作为回流液返回空分塔7，从而完成空分过程；空分塔7得到的O2可为GO2或LO2，通过O2出口管703供给O2用户使用。在天然气资源地和天然气门站之间，通过运输工具9，将LNG-氮气换热器8产生的LN2输送至天然气资源地，将天然气资源地天然气-LN2换热器2产生的LNG送到天然气门站，从而实现LN2和LNG之间的冷能循环。
实施例2
LNG通常是常压或微正压运输，在天然气资源地天然气-LN2换热器2中，GNG液化压力取常压0.1MPa，对应温度为-162℃，不需对GNG加压即可进行液化，相应地此时天然气-LN2换热器2中LN2气化压力可取0.4—1.5MPa，对应气化温度为-182℃—-163℃，即LN2气化压力为0.4MPa，对应温度为-182℃；LN2气化压力为1.5MPa，对应温度为-163℃；对应地，液化装置（2）中LNG温度介于-162℃和-182℃之间，高于天然气凝固点-183℃。液化装置（2）产生的GN2废弃排放、直接或加压至用户要求压力进入用户管网。
实施例3
本发明的一种基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统，其与实施例1的区别仅在于采用了另一种不同的LNG冷能利用系统；LNG冷能利用系统中包括LNG-氩气换热器S2、氩循环系统、空分塔、天然气门站LNG储罐5和天然气门站LN2储罐6；将LNG-氩气换热器S2、氩循环系统、空分塔的连接回路记为基于氩循环的LNG冷能利用系统，如附图2所示。
进一步地，氩循环系统包括由液氩管道S601、循环氩节流膨胀阀S6、循环氩换热器、氩气管道S901、循环氩气压缩机S9和LNG-氩气换热器S2组成的串联回路；循环氩换热器包括循环氩-氮气换热器S7和循环氩-空气换热器S8，天然气门站LNG储罐5与LNG-氩气换热器S2的进料口连接，天然气门站LN2储罐6与循环氩-氮气换热器的放热管路的出料口连接；空分塔中分出的氮气传输至循环氩-氮气换热器7的放热管路的进料端，循环氩-氮气换热器S7的放热管路的出料口还分出另一管路将LN2作为回流液输送至空分塔中。进一步地，输运系统中运输工具是深冷运输车或深冷运输船；对于陆地煤层气、页岩气、低产气井及沼气等分布式天然气资源，运输工具为深冷运输车，运输车既能运输LNG又能运输LN2，避免返程空驶；对于海上油田伴生气或远洋LNG运输，运输工具是深冷运输船，往返满载运输，返程不需充装压载水，避免异域海水污染风险。
具体的冷能利用过程如下：
在天然气资源地，天然气进料管101与天然气净化装置1相连接，在净化装置内去除CO2、H2O、H2S及其它轻烃，然后通过净化天然气出料管102进入天然气-LN2换热器2；由LNG和LN2运输工具9从天然气门站运送来的LN2通过卸车管与天然气资源地LN2储罐4连接，然后通过LN2进料管201进入天然气-LN2换热器2；在天然气-LN2换热器2中，LN2气化为GN2将冷能传递给GNG，GNG得以冷凝成为LNG；出液化装置的LNG 通过充罐管 203进入天然气资源地LNG储罐3，然后通过运输工具9运送至天然气门站；出天然气-LN2换热器2的GN2则通过氮气排出管202排放或与GN2用户管线连接供用户使用。在天然气门站，运输工具运送过来的LNG通过LNG卸车管501送入天然气门站LNG储罐5；进一步，LNG通过进料管S1进入LNG-氩气换热器S2，在LNG-氩气换热器S2内LNG气化，氩气冷凝，LNG将冷能交换给循环氩气。释放冷能后的GNG进入压缩机S3压缩至用户要求压力，再进入GNG冷却器S4进行冷却降温，然后通过GNG用户管道S5送至用户处。GNG冷却器S4采用循环冷却水进行取热，循环冷却水通过冷却水进水口及出水口与循环水处理系统连接；循环氩制冷系统，循环氩气在LNG-氩气换热器S2内获得LNG低温冷能形成液氩，通过液氩管道S601进入节流膨胀阀S6通过焦耳-汤姆逊效应进行降温，然后进入循环氩-氮气换热器S7，在此换热器中液氩气化，氮气冷凝，液氩将高品位冷能传给LN2。出循环氩-氮气换热器S7的低温气氩则通过管路连接进入循环氩-空气换热器S8，在此将净化空气冷却，进一步回收循环氩冷能，复热后的氩气通过氩气管道S901进入压缩机S9加压，再重新进入LNG-氩气换热器S2降温、冷凝吸收LNG冷能，循环往复，即可将LNG冷能提高品位后传递给空分系统；氮气冷凝及空气预冷系统，来自空分系统的GN2通过管道S701进入循环氩-氮气换热器S7吸收液氩冷能后冷凝为LN2，LN2通过管道S702再回到空分系统；经过净化的空气经净化空气进口管道S801进入循环氩-空气换热器，进一步吸收循环氩气冷能后通过冷空气出口管道S802进入空分塔进行精馏分离，在空分塔S10中，塔顶氮气通过管道S701进入冷凝器S7冷凝成LN2，然后分为两路，一路通过LN2回流管道S702回到空分塔，一路连接产品LN2储槽，通过空分塔氮产品出口管道S1001进入天然气门站LN2储罐6中，天然气门站LN2储罐6中的LN2由LN2装车管601输送至运输工具9中，然后运送至天然气资源地，形成冷能循环；空分塔的污氮通过空分塔污氮出口管道S1002排出，最后在空分塔塔底通过空分塔氧产品出口管道取得氧产品S1003。本发明的空分系统与现有技术相同。
采用本发明实施例3所示的基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统中的LNG冷能利用系统的使用方法和利用该系统冷能利用效率明显提高的效果均详细记载申请号2018100218512或申请号2018200373138中。
本发明公开和提出的方法，本领域技术人员可通过借鉴本文内容，适当改变条件路线等环节实现，尽管本发明的方法和制备技术已通过较佳实施例子进行了描述，相关技术人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的方法和技术路线进行改动或重新组合，来实现最终的制备技术。特别需要指出的是，所有相类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的，他们都被视为包括在本发明精神、范围和内容中。

Claims (10)

1.一种基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统，其特征是：包括天然气液化系统、输运系统和LNG冷能利用系统，净化后的天然气在所述天然气液化系统中的天然气-LN2换热器中获得冷能成为LNG，通过输运系统输送至LNG冷能利用系统中后，将LNG的冷能释放给氮气，使氮气变为LN2，然后将所述LN2通过输运系统输送至天然气液化系统中的天然气-LN2换热器中，为天然气液化提供冷能，实现天然气集运系统中的冷能回收利用过程。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统，其特征是：所述天然气液化系统中还包括天然气资源地LNG储罐和天然气资源地LN2储罐，天然气资源地LN2储罐与天然气-LN2换热器的吸热管路的进料口连接，天然气资源地LNG储罐与天然气-LN2换热器的放热管路的出料口连接。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统，其特征是：所述天然气液化系统还与天然气净化系统相连，所述天然气净化系统中的天然气净化装置通过净化天然气出料管将净化天然气传输至天然气-LN2换热器的放热管路的进料端。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统，其特征是：所述LNG冷能利用系统中包括LNG-氮气换热器、天然气门站LNG储罐和天然气门站LN2储罐，天然气门站LNG储罐与LNG-氮气换热器的吸热管路的进料口连接，天然气门站LN2储罐与LNG-氮气换热器的放热管路的出料口连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统，其特征是：所述LNG冷能利用系统中还与空分塔相连，所述LNG-氮气换热器的放热管路的出料口还分出另一管路将LN2作为回流液输送至空分塔中；所述空分塔中分出的氮气传输至LNG-氮气换热器的放热管路的进料端。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统，其特征是：所述LNG冷能利用系统中包括LNG-氩气换热器、氩循环系统、空分塔、天然气门站LNG储罐和天然气门站LN2储罐；所述氩循环系统包括由液氩管道、循环氩节流膨胀阀、循环氩换热器、氩气管道、循环氩气压缩机和LNG-氩气换热器组成的串联回路；天然气门站LNG储罐与所述LNG-氩气换热器的进料口连接，天然气门站LN2储罐与循环氩-氮气换热器的放热管路的出料口连接；空分塔中分出的氮气传输至循环氩-氮气换热器的放热管路的进料端，所述循环氩-氮气换热器的放热管路的出料口还分出另一管路将LN2作为回流液输送至空分塔中。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统，其特征是：所述输运系统为深冷运输车或深冷运输船。
8.根据权利要求1-6任一所述的一种基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统的使用方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：净化后的天然气在天然气液化系统中获得冷能成为LNG，然后通过输运系统输送至LNG冷能利用系统中后，将冷能释放给GN2，使GN2变为LN2，然后再将LN2通过输运系统输送至天然气液化系统，为天然气液化提供冷能，实现天然气集运系统中的冷能回收利用过程。
9.根据权利要求8所述的基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统的使用方法，其特征是：天然气液化系统LNG-LN2换热器中气态天然气液化压力为0.1MPa—0.3MPa，对应温度为-162℃—-147℃。
10.根据权利要求8所述的基于冷能循环的天然气集运系统的使用方法，其特征是：天然气液化系统天然气-LN2换热器中LN2气化压力为0.4MPa—1.5MPa，对应温度为-182℃—-163℃。
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