CN110315209B - Quick-change type pulse current processing and laser impact foil composite replaceable concave die micro-forming device and method - Google Patents
Quick-change type pulse current processing and laser impact foil composite replaceable concave die micro-forming device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110315209B CN110315209B CN201910567604.7A CN201910567604A CN110315209B CN 110315209 B CN110315209 B CN 110315209B CN 201910567604 A CN201910567604 A CN 201910567604A CN 110315209 B CN110315209 B CN 110315209B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
- B23K26/356—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment by shock processing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quick-change type pulse current processing and laser impact foil composite replaceable female die micro-forming device and a method thereof, relating to the technical field of advanced manufacturing of micro-parts, wherein the device comprises a laser emission system, a control system and a micro-part forming system; the laser emission system is used for generating laser, and the control system is used for controlling the working of the forming device; the micro-forming system is used for forming a workpiece; the micro-part forming system comprises a pressing plate, a containing cavity and a supporting platform; the quick pressing of the device is realized by using the magnetic suction device, then the punching of the metal foil is realized by using the air cylinder, then the impulse laser is used as an energy source, the plasma explosion is used for generating the impact force, so that the forming of the foil is realized, finally, the part is ejected out by using the air cylinder, the air cylinder is reset, the material is rolled by the coiled material device, the quick replacement of a workpiece is realized, and meanwhile, the quick replacement of a female die can be realized by using the female die replacing device; the invention can complete the forming of the metal micro-parts in one station.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of micro parts manufactured in advance, in particular to a quick-change type pulse current processing and laser impact foil composite replaceable concave die micro-forming device and a method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of current productivity, particularly in the aerospace field and the automobile manufacturing field, the requirements on the strength and the manufacturing accuracy of micro parts with micro features are higher and higher, so that a micro forming process with high accuracy and high quality is required to ensure the forming accuracy of workpieces. Laser shock micro-forming is a processing method which uses laser energy as a shock source to instantly cause plastic deformation of a workpiece, and can form micro parts with better quality and higher precision.
Relevant studies have shown that the application of a pulsed current to a metallic material can cause the material to produce an electro-plastic effect. The electro-plastic effect means that the degree of internal dislocation of the material is increased under the action of moving electrons, the generation of twin crystals is inhibited, the generation temperature of recrystallization is reduced, the macroscopic expression is that the flow stress of the material is reduced, the plastic deformation capability is improved, and the forming quality of the material is improved.
Chinese patent application No. 201810697350.6 proposes an apparatus and method for laser impact hydro-bulging micro-devices. According to the method, firstly, the air cylinder is used for applying instant pulse force to cut the workpiece, then the laser is used for impacting the workpiece through high-pressure impact waves generated instantly by liquid, the micro-part is formed in one process step, and the micro-part is good in machining quality and high in machining precision. However, the method only utilizes the laser impact processing technology, the female die cannot be efficiently replaced due to the limitation of the structure of the device, the compression mode is complex, and the clamping device needs to be fixed by a plurality of bolts, so that the disassembly process after the processing is finished is complex, namely the interval time between two adjacent processing periods is long.
In view of the above, the invention provides the quick-change type pulse current processing and laser impact foil composite replaceable female die micro-forming device, which innovatively combines two processing technologies of pulse current processing and laser impact forming, improves the replacement efficiency of the female die, improves the disassembly efficiency of the pressing device, reduces the time for replacing a workpiece, and simultaneously improves the precision and quality of micro parts.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art for manufacturing the metal micro-parts, the invention provides a quick-change type pulse current processing and laser impact foil composite replaceable concave die micro-forming device and a method thereof, so that the manufacturing of the metal micro-parts is realized; the method comprises the steps of firstly utilizing a method of applying current to an electromagnetic coil to generate magnetic force so as to attract a pressing plate to realize compaction, then blanking a foil, then utilizing the energy of laser impact to carry out bulging on the foil, and finally utilizing a coil device to carry out quick replacement of the processed foil. The whole device can efficiently realize the replacement of the female die, the formed workpiece has good quality and higher processing efficiency, the complete processing process can be realized at one station, and the automation degree is higher.
The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following technical means.
A quick-change pulse current processing and laser impact foil composite replaceable concave die micro-forming device comprises a laser emission system, a control system and a micro-part forming system; the laser emission system is used for generating laser, and the control system is used for controlling the working of the forming device; the micro-forming system is used for forming a workpiece;
the micro-part forming system comprises a pressing plate, a containing cavity and a supporting platform; a hollow stepped hole is formed in the accommodating cavity, one end of the accommodating cavity penetrates through the supporting platform and is arranged on the three-dimensional moving platform, and a pressing plate is arranged at the other end of the accommodating cavity; the circular through hole is formed in the center of the pressing plate, the pressing plate is guided through the sliding column, a restraint layer and an absorption layer are arranged in the cavity close to the pressing plate from top to bottom, foil is arranged at the position below the restraint layer and the absorption layer, the female die is driven by the air cylinder to move upwards to the position of the foil, and the foil is formed under the irradiation of laser beams.
Furthermore, a spring is arranged on the sliding column, and a magnetic attraction device is arranged on the supporting platform; under the action of the magnetic force of the magnetic attraction device, the distance between the pressing plate and the supporting platform is reduced, and after the magnetic force disappears, the distance between the pressing plate and the supporting platform is increased under the action of the spring; the material of the pressing plate is ferromagnetic material.
Furthermore, the female die is arranged on the groove replacing device, and the female die can be driven to do circular motion through the female die replacing device, so that the female die can be replaced.
Further, the foil can be conveyed through a coil device, so that automatic feeding is realized; and an insulating block is arranged at the position where the foil is contacted with the accommodating cavity.
Furthermore, the magnetic suction device comprises an iron core, an electromagnetic coil and a coil baffle; the electromagnetic coil is sleeved on the outer ring of the iron core and sealed in the container through a coil baffle.
Further, the female die replacing device comprises a female die supporting plate, a rotating shaft, a first bevel gear, a second rolling bearing and a supporting base; the die supporting plate is horizontally arranged, a groove-shaped structure matched with the shape of the die is formed in one end of the die supporting plate, the other end of the die supporting plate is perpendicular to the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is driven by a first bevel gear to drive the die supporting plate to move circumferentially, the first bevel gear is meshed with a second bevel gear, and the second bevel gear is driven by a second motor.
Furthermore, one end of the female die replacing device can be screwed into the containing cavity in parallel, and the containing cavity is provided with a groove at a corresponding position.
Further, the coiled material device has two groups; the coiled material device comprises a supporting plate, a rotating shaft, a first rolling bearing and a rotating wheel; the supporting plates are symmetrically arranged, the two ends of the rotating shaft are arranged on the supporting plates through first rolling bearings, the rotating shaft protrudes out of the supporting plates and is provided with a first straight-tooth gear, and the foil is driven to move through the first straight-tooth gear.
Further, the laser emission system comprises a pulse laser, a plane reflector, a focusing lens and a lens bracket; laser beams emitted by the pulse laser are reflected by a plane mirror arranged at an angle of 45 degrees and then are irradiated on a micro-part forming system through a focusing lens; the focusing lens is arranged on the lens bracket; the lens support is fixed on the base;
the control system comprises a laser controller, a computer, a three-dimensional mobile platform controller, a current controller, a motor controller and a cylinder controller; the laser controller, the three-dimensional mobile platform controller, the current controller, the motor controller and the air cylinder controller are all connected with a computer; the laser controller is connected with the pulse laser and is used for controlling the working state of the pulse laser; the three-dimensional mobile platform controller is connected with the three-dimensional mobile platform and is used for controlling the movement of the three-dimensional mobile platform; the current controller is connected with the magnetic attraction device and is in contact with the foil and used for controlling the working state of the magnetic attraction device and applying pulse current to the foil; the motor controller is connected with the first motor and the second motor and is used for controlling the working states of the first motor and the second motor; and the air cylinder controller is connected with the air cylinder and used for controlling the working state of the air cylinder.
The forming method of the quick-change pulse current processing and laser impact foil composite replaceable concave die micro-forming device comprises the following steps:
s1: the laser controller, the three-dimensional moving platform controller, the motor controller, the cylinder controller and the current controller are all communicated with a computer; fixing the coiled material device, the first motor, the second motor, the female die replacing device and the cylinder on a three-dimensional moving platform, and paying attention to the meshing relationship between a first straight-tooth cylindrical gear arranged at the tail end of a rotating shaft of the coiled material device and a second straight-tooth cylindrical gear arranged on an output shaft of the first motor during installation; fixing the lens support on the base; mounting a variable focus lens on a lens holder;
s2: fixing the accommodating cavity on a three-dimensional moving platform by using a bolt; filling an insulating block into a hollow area arranged in the cavity; placing the female die in a groove arranged on a female die supporting plate of a female die rotating device; the output shaft of the second motor is controlled to rotate by the motor controller through the computer, and the female die rotating device is rotated to the designated position in the cavity under the transmission action of the bevel gear set; controlling the cylinder to ascend by using a cylinder controller through a computer so that a pushing head of the cylinder is in contact with the bottom of the female die;
s3: fixing the support platform on a three-position mobile platform by using bolts; the four sets of magnetic suction devices are respectively installed in four grooves formed in the supporting platform, the magnetic coils, the iron core and the coil baffle are installed in sequence, and finally the coil baffle is fixed on the supporting platform through screws; connecting the two sliding columns with the supporting platform in a threaded connection mode; leading out the foil from the coil device at one end, penetrating through the hollow area of the insulating block, connecting to the coil device at the other end and fixing;
s4: mounting a spring on the outer side of the sliding column, and enabling one end of the spring to be in contact with the surface of the supporting platform; mounting the restraint layer sprayed with the absorption layer in a groove arranged in the cavity; the central lines of the two through holes arranged on the pressure plate are respectively aligned with the central lines of the two sliding columns, so that the pressure plate penetrates through the two sliding columns and is contacted with the other end of the spring; connecting the limiting cover with the sliding column in a threaded connection mode;
s5: controlling a current controller to apply pulse current to two ends of the foil through a computer;
s6: the current controller is controlled by a computer to apply current to the electromagnetic coil in the magnetic attraction device so as to generate magnetic force, so that the pressing plate is pressed on the restraint layer under the attraction effect of the magnetic force;
s7: the air cylinder controller is controlled by a computer to control the air cylinder to slowly push the push head to enable the female die to slowly rise and stop when the push head contacts with the foil to be processed, the air cylinder provides a high pulse force for the female die, and under the action of the pulse force, the female die shears the foil and presses the sheared foil to the bottom of the restraint layer;
s8: adjusting the adjustable focus lens, adjusting the parameters of the pulse laser, and sending an instruction to the laser controller through the computer to control the pulse laser to emit pulse laser; the pulse laser is absorbed by the absorption layer, the absorption layer generates a large amount of plasmas after vaporization and ionization, the plasmas expand outwards rapidly to generate impact pressure under the limitation of the restraint layer, and the metal foil generates plastic deformation under the action of the impact pressure and the concave die to form the micro-part.
S9: when the current in the electromagnetic coil is cut off, the pressure plate is lifted upwards along the height direction of the sliding column under the action force of the spring; controlling the cylinder to slowly rise, ejecting the micro-parts and the constraint layer out of the containing cavity, and taking out the micro-parts and the constraint layer; controlling the cylinder to reset, and replacing a new constraint layer;
s10: controlling a first motor to rotate by using a motor controller, and rotating a rotating wheel of the coiled material device under the action of gear transmission to enable an unprocessed area of the foil to cover the female die;
s11: if the female die needs to be replaced, the output shaft of the second motor is controlled to rotate by the computer through the motor controller, so that the female die replacing device rotates along the sliding groove formed in the containing cavity until the female die is separated from the containing cavity, then the female die is replaced, and finally the female die rotating device rotates to the designated position formed in the containing cavity again; if the machining needs to be repeated, the steps from S6 to S10 are repeated.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts the impact pressure generated by laser energy to process the metal micro-parts. The energy generated by the laser is absorbed by the absorption layer to generate plasma explosion, and the shock wave is generated under the action of the constraint layer to act on the surface of the workpiece.
2. The invention adopts a processing method of applying pulse current to the metal foil to generate the electro-plasticity, crystal grains in the metal foil are refined under the combined action of mobile electrons and joule heat, and meanwhile, dislocation gathered in the metal foil is also promoted by the mobile electrons to improve the motion capability, so that the flow stress of the foil is reduced, the plastic deformation capability is improved, and the forming quality of micro-parts is improved.
3. The invention attracts the pressing plate by applying current to the electromagnetic coil, and due to the principle of electromagnetic sensitivity, the alternating current is applied to the coil, so that a magnetic field can be generated around the coil, and the ferromagnetic pressing plate moves downwards under the attraction of the magnetic field, thereby realizing the effect of pressing the restraint layer. The method can avoid using excessive bolts to fasten the pressing device, thereby improving the loading and unloading efficiency.
4. The invention utilizes the principle similar to a conveying belt to wind the metal foil on the roller of the coil device, realizes the quick replacement of the foil to be processed through the movement of the coil device and the combined movement of the cylinder, and can improve the replacement efficiency of the foil to be processed.
5. The invention adopts a rotary female die replacing device, the replaceable female die is arranged on the rotatable female die supporting plate, and the female die supporting plate can be driven to rotate through the operation of the second motor, so that the replacement of the female die is realized, the whole female die replacing process is simplified, and the female die replacing efficiency and the processing flexibility are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a quick-change type pulse current processing and laser impact foil composite replaceable female die micro-forming device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic three-dimensional view of a web apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a magnetic attachment device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a die changer according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional schematic representation of the working principle of the platen according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a chamber according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the foil material of the present invention after loading;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a foil to be processed according to the present invention after blanking;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the bulging of a micro-feature to which the present invention relates;
the reference numbers are as follows:
1-a base; 2-a three-dimensional mobile platform; 3-a three-dimensional mobile platform controller; 4-a motor controller; 5-a cylinder controller; 6-a computer; 7-a current controller; 8-a laser controller; 9-a coil device; 10-a first spur gear; 11-a pulsed laser; 12-a first motor; 13-a second spur gear; 14-a foil; 15-pressing plate; 16-a plane mirror; 17-a variable focus lens; 18-a lens holder; 19-a limit cover; 20-a traveler; 21-a constraining layer; 22-an absorbent layer; 23-a cavity; 24-an insulating block; 25-magnetic attraction means; 26-a spring; 27-a support platform; 28-a female die changing device; 29-a female die; 30-a second motor; 31-a second bevel gear; 32-cylinder; 33-a rotating shaft; 34-a rotating wheel; 35-a first rolling bearing; 36-a support plate; 37-coil baffles; 38-a core; 39-a solenoid coil; 40-a female die support plate; 41-rotation axis; 42-a first bevel gear; 43-a second rolling bearing; 44-support the base.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The following first describes in detail embodiments according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings
The invention relates to a quick-change type pulse current processing and laser impact foil composite replaceable concave die micro-forming device structure, which is shown by combining the attached figure 1 and comprises a laser emission system, a control system and a micro-part forming system;
the micro-part forming system comprises a pressure plate 15, a cavity 23 and a supporting platform 27; a hollow stepped hole is formed in the cavity 23, one end of the cavity 23 penetrates through the supporting platform 27 to be arranged on the three-dimensional moving platform 2, and the other end of the cavity 23 is provided with the pressing plate 15; a circular through hole is formed in the center of the pressing plate 15, the pressing plate 15 is guided through the sliding column 20, a restraint layer 21 and an absorption layer 22 are arranged in the cavity 23 and close to the pressing plate 15 from top to bottom, a foil 14 is arranged at the positions below the restraint layer 21 and the absorption layer 22, the female die 29 is driven by the air cylinder 32 to move upwards to the position of the foil 14, and the foil 14 is formed under the irradiation of laser beams.
A spring 26 is arranged on the sliding column 20, and a magnetic attraction device 25 is arranged on the supporting platform 27; under the action of the magnetic force of the magnetic attraction device 25, the distance between the pressing plate 15 and the supporting platform 27 is reduced, and after the magnetic force disappears, under the action of the spring 26, the distance between the pressing plate 15 and the supporting platform 27 is increased; the material of the pressure plate 15 is ferromagnetic material.
The female die 29 is arranged on the groove replacing device 28, and the female die 29 can be driven to do circular motion through the female die replacing device 28, so that the female die 29 can be replaced.
The foil 14 can be conveyed through the coil device 9, so that automatic feeding is realized; an insulating block 24 is arranged at the position where the foil 14 is contacted with the accommodating cavity 23.
The magnetic attraction device 25 comprises an iron core 38, an electromagnetic coil 39 and a coil baffle 37; the electromagnetic coil 39 is sleeved on the outer ring of the iron core 38 and sealed in the container through the coil baffle 37.
The female die replacing device 28 comprises a female die supporting plate 40, a rotating shaft 41, a first bevel gear 42, a second rolling bearing 43 and a supporting base 44; the female die support plate 40 is horizontally arranged, one end of the female die support plate is provided with a groove-shaped structure matched with the shape of the female die 29, the other end of the female die support plate is vertically arranged with the rotating shaft 41, the rotating shaft 41 is driven by the first bevel gear 42 to drive the female die support plate 40 to circularly move, the first bevel gear 42 is meshed with the second bevel gear 31, and the second bevel gear 31 is driven by the second motor 30.
One end of the female die replacing device 28 can be screwed into the containing cavity 23 in parallel, and a groove is formed in the corresponding position of the containing cavity 23.
Two groups of the coil devices 9 are provided; the coil device 9 comprises a supporting plate 36, a rotating shaft 33, a first rolling bearing 35 and a rotating wheel 34; the supporting plate 36 is symmetrically arranged, two ends of the rotating shaft 33 are mounted on the supporting plate 36 through the first rolling bearings 35, the rotating shaft 33 protrudes out of the supporting plate 36, the first straight-tooth gear 10 is mounted on the portion, protruding out of the supporting plate 36, of the rotating shaft 33, and the foil 14 is driven to move through the first straight-tooth gear 10.
The laser emission system comprises a pulse laser 11, a plane reflector 16, a focusing lens 17 and a lens support 18; the laser beam emitted by the pulse laser 11 is reflected by a plane mirror 16 arranged at an angle of 45 degrees and then is irradiated on a micro-part forming system through a focusing lens 17; the adjustable-focus lens 17 is arranged on the lens bracket 18; the lens support 18 is fixed on the base 1;
the control system comprises a laser controller 8, a computer 6, a three-dimensional mobile platform controller 3, a current controller 7, a motor controller 4 and a cylinder controller 5; the laser controller 8, the three-dimensional mobile platform controller 3, the current controller 7, the motor controller 4 and the cylinder controller 5 are all connected with the computer 6; the laser controller 8 is connected with the pulse laser 11 and is used for controlling the working state of the pulse laser 11; the three-dimensional mobile platform controller 3 is connected with the three-dimensional mobile platform 2 and is used for controlling the movement of the three-dimensional mobile platform 2; the current controller 7 is connected with the magnetic attraction device 25 and is in contact with the foil 14, and is used for controlling the working state of the magnetic attraction device 25 and applying pulse current to the foil 14; the motor controller 4 is connected with the first motor 12 and the second motor 30 and is used for controlling the working states of the first motor 12 and the second motor 30; the cylinder controller 5 is connected with the cylinder 32 and is used for controlling the working state of the cylinder 32;
the micro-part forming system comprises a three-dimensional moving platform 2, a coiled material device 9, a female die replacing device 28, a first motor 12, a second motor 30, a cylinder 32, a limiting cover 19, a sliding column 20, a spring 26, a pressing plate 15, a constraint layer 21, an absorption layer 22, a female die 29, a containing cavity 23, an insulating block 24, a magnetic attraction device 25 and a supporting platform 27; the three-dimensional moving platform 2 is fixed on the base 1; the coil device 9, the female die replacing device 28, the first motor 12, the second motor 30, the accommodating cavity 23 and the supporting platform 27 are arranged on the three-dimensional moving platform 2; the cavity 23 is of a hollow convex structure, the cylinder 32 inside the cavity 23 is mounted on the three-dimensional moving platform 2, and the cavity 23 is provided with a chute matched with the female die support plate 40 of the female die replacing device 28 and a hollow area for mounting the insulating block 24; threaded holes are formed in the supporting platform 27 and the limiting cover 19, and threads are arranged at two ends of the sliding column 20 and used for connecting the supporting platform 27 and the limiting cover 19; the spring 26 is arranged outside the sliding column 20, and two ends of the spring are respectively contacted with the pressure plate 15 and the supporting platform 27; the pressing plate 15 is provided with a hole with the same diameter and size as the sliding column 20 and is used for matching with the sliding column 20; the magnetic attraction device 25 is installed in a groove formed in the supporting platform 27, and the magnetic attraction device 25 is fixed on the supporting platform 27 by using bolts.
With reference to fig. 2, the coil device 9 includes a support plate 36, a rotating shaft 33, a rolling bearing 35, and a rotating wheel 34; the outer ring of the rolling bearing 35 is in interference connection with the bearing hole of the support plate 36; the inner ring of the rolling bearing 35 is in interference connection with the rotating shaft 33; the surface of the rotating wheel 34 is uniformly coated with high-temperature resistant insulating paint; and the number of the coil devices 9 is two, wherein the tail end of the rotating shaft 33 of one coil device 9 is provided with a large straight spur gear 10.
With reference to fig. 3, the magnetic attraction device 25 includes an iron core 38, an electromagnetic coil 39, and a coil baffle 37; the coil baffle 37 is fixed on the boss of the supporting platform 27 by using screws; and the number of the magnetic suction devices 25 is four.
Referring to fig. 4, the die exchanging device 28 includes a die supporting plate 40, a rotating shaft 41, a first bevel gear 42, a second rolling bearing 43, and a supporting base 44; the female die supporting plate 40 is provided with a groove matched with the shape and size of the female die 29 and used for accommodating various female dies 29 with the same shape and size and different micro characteristics; the rotating shaft 41 is a stepped shaft and is respectively matched with the female die supporting plate 40 and the inner ring of the second rolling bearing 43; the tail end of the female die supporting plate 40 is provided with a through hole matched with the rotating shaft 41, and the female die supporting plate and the rotating shaft are in interference fit; a through hole matched with the rotating shaft 41 is formed in the center of the first bevel gear 42, and the first bevel gear and the rotating shaft are in interference fit; the rotating shaft 41 and the inner hole of the second rolling bearing 43 are in interference fit; a bearing hole matched with the second rolling bearing 43 is formed in the supporting base 44, and is in interference fit with the outer ring of the second rolling bearing 43; the die rotation means 28 is free to rotate by the transmission of the second bevel gear 42.
Referring to fig. 5, the pressing plate 15 is initially supported by the springs 26 at both sides, and the upper surface thereof is in contact with the stopper cover 19. When the magnetic attraction means 25 is energized, the pressing plate 15 is attracted by the magnetic force so that the compression spring 26 moves downward until the constrained layer 21 is compressed. After the machining is completed, the magnetic attraction device 25 is powered off, the magnetic force disappears, the pressure plate 15 is lifted again to the initial position under the reaction force of the spring 26, and the process is repeated.
Referring to fig. 6, the cavity 23 is provided with a sliding groove for engaging with the die supporting plate 40 of the die changer 28 and a hollow area for mounting the insulating block 24.
With reference to the attached figures 7, 8 and 9, the method for the quick-change type pulse current processing and laser impact foil composite replaceable concave die micro-forming device specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: the laser controller 8, the three-dimensional mobile platform controller 3, the motor controller 4, the cylinder controller 5 and the current controller 7 are all communicated with the computer 6; fixing the coiled material device 9, the first motor 12, the second motor 30, the female die replacing device 28 and the air cylinder 32 on the three-dimensional moving platform 2, and paying attention to the meshing relationship between the first straight-toothed spur gear 10 arranged at the tail end of the rotating shaft 33 of the coiled material device 9 and the second straight-toothed spur gear 13 arranged on the output shaft of the first motor 12 during installation; fixing the lens holder 18 to the base 1; mounting the adjustable focus lens 17 on the lens holder 18;
s2: fixing the accommodating cavity 23 on the three-dimensional moving platform 2 by using bolts; the insulating block 24 is filled into a hollow area arranged in the cavity 23; placing the female die 29 in a groove provided on a female die supporting plate 40 of the female die rotating device 28; the output shaft of the second motor 30 is controlled to rotate by the computer 6 and the motor controller 4, and the female die rotating device 28 is rotated to the designated position in the cavity 23 through the transmission action of the bevel gear set; the air cylinder 32 is controlled to ascend by the computer 6 through the air cylinder controller 5, so that the push head of the air cylinder 32 is in contact with the bottom of the female die 29;
s3: the support platform 27 is fixed on the three-position moving platform 2 by using bolts; the four sets of magnetic suction devices 25 are respectively installed in four grooves formed in the supporting platform 27, the installation sequence is that the electromagnetic coil 39, the iron core 38 and the coil baffle 37 are installed, and finally the coil baffle 37 is fixed on the supporting platform 27 by using screws; two sliding columns 20 are connected with a supporting platform 27 in a threaded connection mode; the foil 14 is led out of the coil arrangement 9 at one end, connected to the coil arrangement 9 at the other end through the hollow area of the insulating block 24 and fixed;
s4: the spring 26 is mounted on the outside of the strut 20 with one end in surface contact with the support platform 27; installing the restraint layer 21 sprayed with the absorption layer 22 in a groove arranged in the cavity 23; the central lines of the two through holes arranged on the pressure plate 15 are respectively aligned with the central lines of the two sliding columns 20, so that the pressure plate 15 passes through the two sliding columns 20 and is contacted with the other end of the spring 26; the limit cover 19 is connected with the sliding column 20 in a threaded connection mode;
s5: controlling a current controller 7 to apply pulse current to two ends of the foil 14 through a computer 6;
s6: the computer 6 controls the current controller 7 to apply current to the electromagnetic coil 39 in the magnetic attracting device 25 so as to generate magnetic force, so that the pressing plate 15 is pressed against the constraint layer 21 under the attraction effect of the magnetic force;
s7: the air cylinder controller 5 is controlled by the computer 6 to control the air cylinder 32 to slowly push the pushing head to enable the female die 29 to slowly rise and stop when contacting with the foil 14 to be processed, the air cylinder 32 provides a high pulse force for the female die 29, and under the action of the pulse force, the female die 29 shears the foil 14 and presses the sheared cutting foil 14 to the bottom of the constraint layer 21;
s8: adjusting the adjustable focus lens 17, adjusting the parameters of the pulse laser 11, and sending an instruction to the laser controller 8 through the computer 6 to control the pulse laser 11 to emit pulse laser; the pulse laser is absorbed by the absorption layer 22, the absorption layer 22 generates a large amount of plasma after vaporization and ionization, the plasma rapidly expands outwards to generate impact pressure under the limitation of the constraint layer 21, and the metal foil 14 generates plastic deformation under the action of the impact pressure and the concave die 29 to form the micro-part.
S9: when the current in the electromagnetic coil 39 is cut off, the pressure plate 15 is lifted upwards along the height direction of the sliding column 20 under the action of the spring 26; controlling the cylinder 32 to slowly rise, ejecting the micro-parts and the constraint layer 21 out of the cavity 23, and taking out the micro-parts and the constraint layer 21; the control cylinder 32 is reset and replaced with a new constraint layer 21;
s10: the motor controller 4 is used for controlling the first motor 12 to rotate, and the rotating wheel 34 of the coil device 9 rotates under the action of gear transmission, so that the unprocessed area of the foil 14 covers the concave die 29;
s11: if the female die 29 needs to be replaced, the computer 6 is utilized to control the output shaft of the second motor 30 to rotate through the motor controller 4, so that the female die replacing device 28 rotates along the sliding groove arranged in the cavity 23 until the female die replacing device is separated from the cavity 23, then the female die 29 is replaced, and finally the female die rotating device 28 rotates to the specified position arranged in the cavity 23 again; if the machining needs to be repeated, the steps from S6 to S10 are repeated.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A quick-change pulse current processing and laser impact foil composite replaceable concave die micro-forming device is characterized by comprising a laser emission system, a control system and a micro-part forming system; the laser emission system is used for generating laser, and the control system is used for controlling the working of the forming device; the micro-part forming system is used for forming a workpiece;
the micro-part forming system comprises a pressure plate (15), a containing cavity (23) and a supporting platform (27); a hollow stepped hole is formed in the accommodating cavity (23), one end of the accommodating cavity (23) penetrates through the supporting platform (27) to be arranged on the three-dimensional moving platform (2), and a pressing plate (15) is arranged at the other end of the accommodating cavity (23); a round through hole is formed in the center of the pressing plate (15), the pressing plate (15) is guided through a sliding column (20), a restraint layer (21) and an absorption layer (22) are arranged in the containing cavity (23) and close to the pressing plate (15) from top to bottom, a foil (14) is arranged at the position below the restraint layer (21) and the absorption layer (22), the female die (29) is driven by the air cylinder (32) to move upwards to the position of the foil (14), and the foil (14) is formed under the irradiation of laser beams;
a spring (26) is arranged on the sliding column (20), and a magnetic attraction device (25) is arranged on the supporting platform (27); under the action of the magnetic force of the magnetic attraction device (25), the distance between the pressing plate (15) and the supporting platform (27) is reduced, and after the magnetic force disappears, under the action of the spring (26), the distance between the pressing plate (15) and the supporting platform (27) is increased; the material of the pressure plate (15) is ferromagnetic material; the female die (29) is arranged on the female die replacing device (28), and the female die (29) can be driven to do circular motion through the female die replacing device (28), so that the female die (29) can be replaced; the foil (14) is conveyed by a coil device (9) to realize automatic feeding; an insulating block (24) is arranged at the position where the foil (14) is contacted with the accommodating cavity (23); one end of the female die replacing device (28) can be screwed into the containing cavity (23) in parallel, and a groove is formed in the corresponding position of the containing cavity (23).
2. The quick-change type pulse current processing and laser impact foil composite replaceable female die micro-forming device according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic attraction device (25) comprises an iron core (38), an electromagnetic coil (39) and a coil baffle (37); the electromagnetic coil (39) is sleeved on the outer ring of the iron core (38) and sealed in the container through a coil baffle plate (37).
3. The quick-change type pulse current processing and laser impact foil composite replaceable female die micro-forming device according to claim 1, wherein the female die replacing device (28) comprises a female die supporting plate (40), a rotating shaft (41), a first bevel gear (42), a second rolling bearing (43) and a supporting base (44); the die supporting plate (40) is horizontally arranged, one end of the die supporting plate is provided with a groove-shaped structure matched with the shape of the die (29), the other end of the die supporting plate is perpendicular to the rotating shaft (41), the rotating shaft (41) is driven by the first bevel gear (42) to drive the die supporting plate (40) to move circumferentially, the first bevel gear (42) is meshed with the second bevel gear (31), and the second bevel gear (31) is driven by the second motor (30).
4. The quick-change type pulse current processing and laser impact foil composite replaceable female die micro-forming device according to claim 3, wherein there are two groups of coil devices (9); the coil device (9) comprises a support plate (36), a rotating shaft (33), a first rolling bearing (35) and a rotating wheel (34); the supporting plate (36) is symmetrically arranged, two ends of the rotating shaft (33) are installed on the supporting plate (36) through the first rolling bearings (35), the rotating shaft (33) protrudes out of the supporting plate (36) and is partially provided with the first straight-tooth gear (10), and the foil (14) is driven to move through the first straight-tooth gear (10).
5. The quick-change type pulse current processing and laser impact foil composite replaceable female die micro-forming device according to claim 1, wherein the laser emission system comprises a pulse laser (11), a plane mirror (16), a focusing lens (17) and a lens support (18); laser beams emitted by the pulse laser (11) are reflected by a plane reflector (16) arranged at an angle of 45 degrees and then are irradiated on a micro-part forming system through a focusing lens (17); the adjustable-focus lens (17) is arranged on the lens bracket (18); the lens support (18) is fixed on the base (1);
the control system comprises a laser controller (8), a computer (6), a three-dimensional mobile platform controller (3), a current controller (7), a motor controller (4) and a cylinder controller (5); the laser controller (8), the three-dimensional mobile platform controller (3), the current controller (7), the motor controller (4) and the air cylinder controller (5) are all connected with the computer (6); the laser controller (8) is connected with the pulse laser (11) and is used for controlling the working state of the pulse laser (11); the three-dimensional moving platform controller (3) is connected with the three-dimensional moving platform (2) and is used for controlling the movement of the three-dimensional moving platform (2); the current controller (7) is connected with the magnetic attraction device (25) and is in contact with the foil (14) and is used for controlling the working state of the magnetic attraction device (25) and applying pulse current to the foil (14); the motor controller (4) is connected with the first motor (12) and the second motor (30) and is used for controlling the working states of the first motor (12) and the second motor (30); the air cylinder controller (5) is connected with the air cylinder (32) and is used for controlling the working state of the air cylinder (32).
6. The forming method of the quick-change type pulse current processing and laser impact foil composite replaceable concave die micro-forming device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the laser controller (8), the three-dimensional mobile platform controller (3), the motor controller (4), the cylinder controller (5) and the current controller (7) are all communicated with the computer (6); fixing a coiled material device (9), a first motor (12), a second motor (30), a female die replacing device (28) and a cylinder (32) on a three-dimensional moving platform (2), and paying attention to the meshing relation between a first straight-toothed spur gear (10) arranged at the tail end of a rotating shaft (33) of the coiled material device (9) and a second straight-toothed spur gear (13) arranged on an output shaft of the first motor (12) during installation; fixing the lens support (18) on the base (1); mounting a focus-adjustable lens (17) on a lens holder (18);
s2: fixing the accommodating cavity (23) on the three-dimensional moving platform (2) by using bolts; an insulating block (24) is arranged in a hollow area arranged in the cavity (23); placing the female die (29) in a groove arranged on a female die supporting plate (40) of the female die rotating device (28); the output shaft of a second motor (30) is controlled to rotate by a computer (6) and a motor controller (4), and a female die rotating device (28) is rotated to a specified position in the cavity (23) through the transmission action of a bevel gear set; the air cylinder controller (5) is used for controlling the air cylinder (32) to ascend through the computer (6), so that the pushing head of the air cylinder (32) is in contact with the bottom of the female die (29);
s3: fixing the supporting platform (27) on the three-dimensional moving platform (2) by using bolts; the four sets of magnetic suction devices (25) are respectively installed in four grooves formed in the supporting platform (27), the installation sequence is that an electromagnetic coil (39), an iron core (38) and a coil baffle plate (37), and finally the coil baffle plate (37) is fixed on the supporting platform (27) through screws; two sliding columns (20) are connected with a supporting platform (27) in a threaded connection mode; leading the foil (14) out of the coil device (9) at one end, penetrating through the hollow area of the insulating block (24), connecting to the coil device (9) at the other end and fixing;
s4: mounting a spring (26) on the outside of the strut (20) with one end in surface contact with the support platform (27); mounting the restraint layer (21) sprayed with the absorption layer (22) in a groove arranged in the cavity (23); the central lines of two through holes arranged on the pressure plate (15) are respectively aligned with the central lines of the two sliding columns (20), and the pressure plate (15) penetrates through the two sliding columns (20) and is contacted with the other end of the spring (26); the limiting cover (19) is connected with the sliding column (20) in a threaded connection mode;
s5: controlling a current controller (7) to apply pulse current to two ends of the foil (14) through a computer (6);
s6: the computer (6) controls the current controller (7) to apply current to the electromagnetic coil (39) in the magnetic attraction device (25) so as to generate magnetic force, so that the pressing plate (15) presses the constraint layer (21) under the attraction effect of the magnetic force;
s7: the air cylinder controller (5) is controlled by the computer (6) to control the air cylinder (32) to slowly push the pushing head to enable the female die (29) to slowly rise and stop when contacting with the foil (14) to be processed, the air cylinder (32) provides a high pulse force for the female die (29), and under the action of the pulse force, the female die (29) shears the foil (14) and presses the sheared foil (14) to the bottom of the constraint layer (21);
s8: adjusting a focus-adjustable lens (17), adjusting parameters of a pulse laser (11), and sending an instruction to a laser controller (8) through a computer (6) to control the pulse laser (11) to emit pulse laser; the pulse laser is absorbed by the absorption layer (22), the absorption layer (22) generates a large amount of plasmas after vaporization and ionization, the plasmas expand outwards rapidly to generate impact pressure under the limitation of the constraint layer (21), and the metal foil (14) generates plastic deformation under the action of the impact pressure and the concave die (29) to form a micro part;
s9: when the current in the electromagnetic coil (39) is cut off, the pressure plate (15) is lifted upwards along the height direction of the sliding column (20) under the action force of the spring (26); controlling the cylinder (32) to slowly rise, ejecting the micro-parts and the constraint layer (21) out of the containing cavity (23), and taking out the micro-parts and the constraint layer (21); the control cylinder (32) is reset, and the restraint layer (21) is replaced;
s10: controlling a first motor (12) to rotate by using a motor controller (4), and rotating a rotating wheel (34) of a coil device (9) under the action of gear transmission to enable an unprocessed area of the foil (14) to cover the concave die (29);
s11: if the female die (29) needs to be replaced, the output shaft of the second motor (30) is controlled to rotate through the motor controller (4) by the computer (6), so that the female die replacing device (28) rotates along the sliding groove formed in the accommodating cavity (23) until the female die replacing device is separated from the accommodating cavity (23), then the female die (29) is replaced, and finally the female die rotating device (28) rotates to the designated position formed in the accommodating cavity (23) again; if the machining needs to be repeated, the steps from S6 to S10 are repeated.
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