CN110314191B - 一种中药组合物结合超声波驱杀蜱虫的方法 - Google Patents
一种中药组合物结合超声波驱杀蜱虫的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种物理法超声波结合中药杀虫的中药组合物,该组合物的活性药物原料包括烟叶、干丁香花叶、百部、硫磺,以甘油为渗透剂,该组合物在实验室驱杀蜱5分钟时总死亡率为100%,田间试验现场羊圈药超声波2000赫兹结合药浴体表驱虫率达到92.5%,能够作为替代常用畜禽外用化学药物驱除蜱虫的中药组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于畜牧养殖及兽药领域,具体涉及一种驱杀蜱虫的中药组合物。
背景技术
蜱虫主要传播三大类人畜共患病,如寄生虫类病、细菌病类、病毒类疾病,已知蜱可携带83种病毒、14种细菌、17种回归热螺旋体、32种原虫,其中大多数是重要的自然疫源性疾病和人兽共患病病原体,如森林脑炎、出血热、莱姆病、Q热、蜱传斑疹伤寒、立克次体病、无形体病、布病等。羊泰勒虫病的传播者为青海血蜱、草原革蜱、卵型硬蜱等。蜱多寄生在灌木丛、草叶中,当羊采食,路过时,爬满羊体,叮在四肢、头部、腹部等毛发较少的皮肤上吸血。羔羊对本病最易感,尤以2-6月龄最为多见。死亡率高达9-10%。仅以互助县羊患蜱虫传播的羊泰勒虫为例,2016年全县羊存栏25万只,12万只能繁母羊产春羔18万只,新生羔羊因受蜱虫感染羊泰勒虫寄生死亡达1.73万只,死亡率9.6%,按当年一只羔羊280元计,全县养羊户经济损失达484.4万元。
近年来,家畜驱虫药剂量使用越来越大,驱虫效果越来越小,这可能是蜱虫对驱虫药产生了一定程度的耐药性。今后要逐步减少化药驱虫使用,使用生物技术和传统中药材替代,这样一是能提高肉食品质量,二是减少环境污染,使用天然中药杀虫,可使化药驱虫费用、羔羊死亡、羊肉驱虫化药残留、养殖户减少养殖成本等诸多方面都能取得很好的经济、生态效益,使我们为今后更好的搞好畜禽防疫工作有着重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种环境友好、无公害和成本低廉的驱杀蜱虫的中药组合物及其制备方法,该中药组合物原料易得、价格低廉,制备方法简单、设备要求低,使用时对无污染物残留、对人畜和环境无伤害。
本发明的技术方案是,一种驱杀蜱虫的中药组合物,它为包括烟叶、干丁香花叶和硫磺的组合物。
进一步的,本发明中药组合物还包括百部和甘油。百部用于进一步驱杀蜱虫,甘油用作药剂粘附剂,上述各组分一起用于提高药物整体效果。
进一步的,上述烟叶为全叶;百部为百部块根;干丁香花叶为全草;甘油为按质量百分比计甘油占溶液总量5%的甘油水溶液。
进一步的,上述各组分的含量范围按重量计如下:
烟叶:50-55%;
干丁香花叶:30-35%;
百部:5%;
硫磺:3%;
甘油:2%。
更进一步的,本发明还提供了一种各组分的含量按重量计如下的驱杀蜱虫的中药组合物:烟叶:55%;干丁香花叶:35%;百部:5%;硫磺:3%;甘油:2%。
本发明还提供了上述驱杀蜱虫的中药组合物的制备方法,其具体步骤为:将所述烟叶和干丁香花叶粉碎;将所述百部捣碎,将所述粉碎的烟叶和干丁香花叶与捣碎的百部混合,然后加水,用旋转蒸发制药仪进行蒸馏,收集馏出物得药液I,所述药液I中依次加入硫磺、甘油,形成所述中药组合物。
本发明还提供了一种驱杀羊群体上蜱虫的方法,所述方法包括使用上述驱杀蜱虫的中药组合物加20倍重量的水稀释后的药液和/或超声波去蜱虫装置,具体方法步骤为:将上述药液摇匀,然后喷洒在羊身上;或者将超声波驱蜱虫装置安在羊圈顶棚或排粪栏下方,当羊在羊圈内时,打开超声波驱蜱虫装置的电源以对羊群发出一定功率超声波,进行驱离寄生在羊体表的蜱虫,然后在羊群身上喷洒上述药液;所述超声波驱蜱虫装置具有发射可调频超声波的超声波发生器。
进一步的,上述可调频超声波发生器的超声波频率包括2000Hz。
本发明的驱杀蜱虫的中药组合物在验室驱杀蜱虫总结果死亡率为95%,田间试验现场羊体表驱杀率达到83.55%,可作为无公害优良的驱杀蜱虫的中药组合物。
将本发明的驱杀蜱虫的中药组合物与超声波驱蜱虫装置组合用于驱杀羊群体上蜱虫,将超声波驱蜱虫装置安在羊圈顶棚或排粪栏下方,在羊群傍晚回圈时,打开超声波驱蜱虫装置的电源启动超声波发生器对下方或上方羊群发出一定功率超声波,进行驱离寄生在羊体表的吸血蜱虫,在清晨羊只离圈时喷洒本发明的驱杀蜱虫的中药组合物,这样一是可提高驱杀虫效率,降低养殖户驱蜱劳动强度,二是喷了中草药的羊只体表,因中草药物存在,蜱虫一般对驱蜱药物敏感,就不太上羊只体表吸血。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
一种驱杀蜱虫的中药组合物,包括按重量百分比计的以下组分:丁香花椒组合:丁香40%,,花椒50%,百部10%(丁香400g、花椒500g,百部10g加水5kg)。
实施例2
一种驱杀蜱虫的中药组合物,包括按重量百分比计的以下组分:丁香烟叶组合:丁香50%,烟叶47.5%,硫磺2.5%(丁香400g、花椒500g,硫磺10g)。
实施例3
一种驱杀蜱虫的中药组合物,包括按重量百分比计的以下组分:烟叶55%,干丁香花叶35%,百部5%,硫磺3%,甘油水溶剂2%。
实施例4
上述实施例1-3的中药组合物用于驱杀羊身上蜱虫的实验结果如表1所示。
表1不同组合药物驱杀蜱虫实验室实验结果
实施例5
本发明采用驱杀蜱虫的中药组合物与超声波驱蜱虫装置结合分别对两个不同地点的羊群进行蜱虫驱杀实验,实验数据结果如下表2-3所示:其中标2是在青海互助县巴扎乡峡塘村石尕多家进行的实验及结果,表3是在青海互助县巴扎乡峡塘村祁哇麻家进行的实验及结果,根据在2户养羊羊圈安置超声波装置每日晚18时羊入圈,次日清晨7时羊出圈,计超声波照射13小时后可以看出,频率2000赫兹的超声波发生器,驱蜱虫比例为36.3%高于1000赫兹的超声波发生器的22.7%,高于13.6%。使用2000赫兹超声波优于1000赫兹超声波。
表2驱杀蜱虫的中药组合物与超声波驱蜱虫装置结合杀虫实验数据
表3驱杀蜱虫的中药组合物与超声波驱蜱虫装置结合杀虫实验数据
可以看出,将本发明中药组合物与超声波驱蜱虫装置结合,驱杀蜱虫效果显著。
以上已经描述了本发明的各实施例,上述说明是示例性的,并非穷尽性的,并且也不限于所披露的各实施例。在不偏离所说明的各实施例的范围和精神的情况下,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说许多修改和变更都是显而易见的。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (5)
1.一种驱杀蜱虫的中药组合物,其特征在于,它为烟叶、干丁香花叶、硫磺、百部和甘油的组合物;
所述烟叶为全叶;百部为百部块根;干丁香花叶为全草;甘油为按质量百分比计甘油占溶液总量5%的甘油水溶液;
各组分的含量范围按重量计如下:
烟叶:50-55%;
干丁香花叶:30-35%;
百部:5%;
硫磺:3%;
甘油:2%。
2.如权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述各组分的含量按重量计如下:
烟叶:55%;干丁香花叶:35%;百部:5%;硫磺:3%;甘油:2%。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的驱杀蜱虫的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,其具体步骤为:将所述烟叶和干丁香花叶粉碎;将所述百部捣碎,将粉碎的烟叶和干丁香花叶与捣碎的百部混合,然后加水,用旋转蒸发制药仪进行蒸馏,收集馏出物得药液I,所述药液I中依次加入硫磺、甘油,形成所述中药组合物。
4.一种驱杀羊群体上蜱虫的方法,其特征在于,所述方法使用权利要求1或2所述的驱杀蜱虫的中药组合物加20倍重量的水稀释后的药液和超声波去蜱虫装置,具体方法步骤为:将超声波驱蜱虫装置安在羊圈顶棚或排粪栏下方,当羊在羊圈内时,打开超声波驱蜱虫装置的电源以对羊群发出一定功率超声波,进行驱离寄生在羊体表的蜱虫,然后在羊群身上喷洒上述药液;所述超声波驱蜱虫装置具有发射可调频超声波的超声波发生器。
5.如权利要求4所述的驱杀羊群体上蜱虫的方法,其特征在于,所述可调频超声波发生器的超声波频率为2000Hz。
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