CN110313334A - A kind of innoxious ecological preventing control method of litchi - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of litchi innoxious ecological preventing control method, is divided into 4 stages for litchi, is interval, initial phase, peak period and rear peak period respectively, constructs the ecological preventing control method of each stage of development.This method is conceived to Synthetical prevention; with preferable sustainability; and production application effect is all good, can control litchi in economic damage threshold value indication range, is of great significance to aggrieved object fruit consumption and the economic values such as promotion lichee, longan and protection environment.

Description

A kind of innoxious ecological preventing control method of litchi

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of innoxious ecological preventing control methods of litchi, belong to agricultural insect and field of pest control.

Background technique

Litchi, Lepidoptera, Gracilariidae, also referred to as Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley.It is distributed in each lichee main producing region of China, India, Thailand State, South Africa etc..Evil lichee is not only eaten into, while also seriously endangering longan, green plum and mango, according in Agricultural University Of South China's Longan Orchard Investigation, 48% is due to caused by the harm of base of a fruit moth in longan fruit shedding；Fruit is not only seriously endangered, while also being endangered tender Stem, tender leaf, flower spike.Tender stem, tender leaf are endangered in the slightly phase, which is killed tender tip with the nearly top of larva brill moth tender stem and spire middle arteries Top is withered, is killed blade middle arteries browning color, skin breakage；Flower spike is endangered at the florescence, the nearly top of larva brill moth flower spike tender stem is made Fruit is endangered in fruiting period at dry wither of flower spike, young fruit expanding stage moth food fruit stone leads to shedding, and to after colouring, oviposition exists fruit development At the cracking piece in nearly base of fruit portion, after larvae hatch, feeding seedstalk in fruit directly is eaten into from ovum grain, leaves frass in the base of a fruit, no Fruit development is only influenced, preharvest drop occurs, more seriously influences quality, causes income sharp fall.

Litchi is near Guangzhou area annual 10-11 generation, generation overlap, mainly with larva in the lichee winter tip or precocity It is overwintering at the top of kind flower spike cob.Winter generation adult is laid eggs for 2-5 days after mating by the end of March to emergence at the beginning of 4 months, and ovum, which dissipates, to be produced, and tool is obviously Become to fruit property and becoming tender property, 2-6 days ovum phase.Larva directly eats into host after hatching from chorion bottom surface, during entire feeding In burrow, frass is also stayed in burrow, and never holes is discharged feces.Cause harm litchi fruits larva from after the 2nd physiological fallen fruit (i.e. Fruit stone switchs to solid-state from liquid), start to eat into young fruit core, is led to a large amount of sheddings；When endangering maturescent fruit, larva is in fruit Evil is eaten between the base of a fruit and fruit stone, though aggrieved fruit is not fallen mostly, the frass of brown-black powder shape is full of between base of fruit and seedstalk, It is commonly called as " excrement fruit ", is unbearably eaten.Larval phase 8-11 days, mature larva was mainly pupated in the strong thin cocoon of blade knot after taking off fruit, There are a small number of spinning tenesmus to cocoon on the fallen leaves on ground.Pupa time about 7 days.Adult stage 8-10 days.Base of a fruit moth is caused harm and lichee product Kind and fruit maturity it is in close relations: early-maturing variety it is aggrieved earliest, in, late it is ripe kind aggrieved relatively most heavy, fruit closer at The ripe phase it is aggrieved can be more serious.

China's Longan Output, cultivated area occupy always the first in the world, 2,011 37.33 ten thousand hectares of lichee annual planting areas, 136.86 ten thousand tons of yield.Litchi is to influence pest the most serious in lichee production, gently then loses 10%, heavy then lose 50%, therefore, in order to reduce production loss and economic loss, further increase lichee edible value, nutritive value, the nothing of the worm Evilization Synthetical prevention has particularly significant realistic meaning.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of innoxious ecological preventing control methods of litchi, and this method is conceived to comprehensive anti- Control has preferable sustainability, and production application effect is all good, can control litchi in economic damage threshold value index model In enclosing, it is of great significance to aggrieved object fruit consumption and the economic values such as promotion lichee, longan and protection environment.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

A kind of innoxious ecological preventing control method of litchi, is divided into 4 stages for litchi, is interval respectively Phase, initial phase, peak period and rear peak period, building are suitble to the ecological preventing control method of each stage of development, specific preventing control method packet It includes:

(1) interval

The characteristics of interval is not accommodate to lack effective host due to weather, and litchi is hidden in weeds；For this feature, In conjunction with chemical prevention and cultural control, the prevention and control strategy of beta pruning, the clear garden of medicament is constructed；The clear garden of its Chinese medicine: lime sulfur 200- 300 times, 400-800 times of sulphur suspending agent or the mineral oil garden 200-300 Bei Quan are spraying, including weeds and other shrubs, killing are got over Winter and main litchi of hopping；

(2) initial phase

The characteristics of initial phase is that pest terminates overwintering or host sprouting newly slightly；It is anti-in conjunction with Insect infestation monitoring, physical control and biology It controls, adult lamp lures, property lures the prevention and control strategy that worm is controlled with biocontrol agent for building；Wherein, trap lamp power is 20-60 watts, wavelength It is 300-400 nanometers；Property lure use blue or yellow hardboard for carrier, trap material include following mass percent object Matter: 96-99% insect sticker, 1-4% (E) -11- hexadecenal, (E) -11- hexadecene -1- alcohol acetic ester or (E) -11- ten One or more mixtures in six carbene -1- alcohol, the sum of two kinds of material mass scores are absolutely；Biocontrol agent selection 600-1000 times of 2000IU/ milliliters of Dipel wettable powders or 200,000,000 spores/gram muscardine wettable powder 500-1000 Times, full tree is spraying, 1 time spraying every 10-15 days；

(3) peak period

In conjunction with Insect infestation monitoring, physical control, biological control and chemical prevention, building adult lamp lures, property lures, biocontrol agent is prevented and treated and The prevention and control strategy of chemical prevention；Wherein, lamp trap lamp power is 20-60 watts, and wavelength is 300-400 nanometers；Property lure using blue Color or yellow hardboard are carrier, and trapping material includes the substance of following mass percent: 96-99% insect sticker, 1-4% (E)- One or more of 11- hexadecenal, (E) -11- hexadecene -1- alcohol acetic ester or (E) -11- hexadecene -1- alcohol Mixture, the sum of two kinds of material mass scores are absolutely；Biocontrol agent selects 2000IU/ milliliters of Dipel wettables 600-1000 times of pulvis or 200,000,000 spores/gram 500-1000 times of muscardine wettable powder, it is spraying for tree crown, it was sprayed every 10-15 days Mist 1 time；Chemical prevention selects 600-1200 times of 10% acetamiprid EC, 2000-4000 times of 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granule, 25% One or more of 2000-3000 times of Diacloden water dispersible granules or 10% 1000-2000 times of Rynaxypyr suspending agent are mixed Object is closed, it is spraying for tree crown, it is 1 time spraying every 7-10 days；

(4) peak period afterwards

Peak period is after fruit harvesting afterwards, and litchi adult quantity reduces at this time, main harm tender tip；In conjunction with cultural control, Biological control, construction clear the prevention and control measure in garden, the clear garden of medicament and microbial inoculum prevention and treatment；The clear garden of physics: trimming is new slightly, and and deadwood Fallen leaves, which are concentrated, to be burnt；The clear garden of medicament: 200-300 times of lime sulfur, 400-800 times of sulphur suspending agent or 200-300 times of mineral oil Full garden is spraying, including weeds and other shrubs；Microbial inoculum prevention and treatment: after Yu Qingyuan 30 days, 200,000,000 spores/gram muscardine wettable powder The garden 500-1000 Bei Quan is spraying, including weeds and other shrubs, 1 time spraying every 10-15 days.

Synthetical prevention method of the invention is according to as follows:

1, the generation and regularty of epidemic of litchi are grasped

Litchi is holometabolan, and the history of life includes ovum, larva, pupa and adult.

Ovum: oval, flat, 0.3-0.4 millimeters of major diameter, chorion is micro- prominent and has irregular reticulation patterns.

Larva: mature larva is cylinder-shaped, and yellow-white is 8-9 millimeters long, only has 4 pairs of abdominal foots, and podical plate triangle pupa is about 7 millis Rice, just be in light green, after switch to yellowish-brown, feeler is longer than pupal cell, and there is the cocoon breaker of a denation on the crown.

Pupa: the cocoon of pupa tool film-form.

Adult: body is 4-5 millimeters long, and 9-11 millimeters of wing expanse, feeler is about long 1.5 times of body.2/3 base portion grey black of fore wing, End is orange-yellow, has one group of " W " shape line being made of 5 alternate white wires in the middle part of wing, it is clear " line in the Eight Diagrams " that two wings close up composition Word line is the most obvious characteristic of the adult.

Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley is the primary pest of lichee, longan.Evil tender tip, flower spike, fruit are eaten into larva, young fruit period is aggrieved to be fallen Fruit is serious, and the maturity period is killed, and frass is full of in base of fruit, influences quality, and tender tip, flower spike are aggrieved, and apex is withered, influences young sprout growth It yields positive results with next year.In In Fujian Province occurs every year for Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley 10-12 generation, and it is more than generation to occur 12 in Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces area, hangs Fruiting period is the period that base of a fruit moth conditions of growth and development was most suitable for, occurred quantity maximum, the most serious that causes damages.2-2.5 days ovum phase, Larval phase 7-8 days, pupa time 7-9 days, preoviposition period about 4 days, one the generation about 20 days.Adult generally mating in the morning produces at night Ovum is liked laying eggs in the orchard covered, ventilation and penetrating light is poor, mostly directly be eaten into from chorion bottom surface into host after larvae hatch.It is mature Larva, which is detached from after fruit just to spin on fruit ear, blade, ground weeds or fallen leaves, to pupate.

2, using detecting and reporting pest information grasp current year, a situation arises

According to the pests occurrence rule of litchi, in conjunction with local weather conditions, natural enemy situation and main host plants (lichee, longan etc.) Growth and development state, period of use (are the beginning peak period occurred using each worm state, peak period or Sheng latter stage interval time distance away from method Predict the method that pest occurs, acquired by trapping method, artificial feeded method, field investigation method statistics), phenology method (be using one Kind is biological and he plants the correlation and rule of life, growth and development between biology, a kind of side as prediction insect pest Method), effective accumulated temperature method (be using pest development effective temperature summation forecasdt pest occur method, be formulated: K=N(T - C)；K: effective accumulated temperature, N: development number of days；T: actual temperature: C: threshold of development.The methods of), perform the worm Prediction.

3, a variety of prevention and control measure comprehensive treatments are integrated

The Synthetical prevention method of litchi, it then follows the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control " is occured as in litchi Harmful different phase integrates control measures such as " Insect infestation monitoring, cultural control, physical control, biological control and chemical preventions ", structure Innoxious Synthetical prevention technical system based on the garden Jian Qing, trapping, biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion and medicine control.

(1) cultural control

In litchi origination interval phase and rear high by stages (after picking fruit), dry branches and fallen leaves is cleared up in time, concentration is burnt；And It is handled in above-mentioned two period using the clear garden of the medicaments such as lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture or mineral oil.

(2) physical control

1) lamp lures

When lamp lures, use power for 20-60 watts, wavelength is 300-400 nanometers of trap lamps.

2) property lures

Property when luring, use blue or yellow hardboard for carrier, traping material includes insect sticker 96-99%, 1-4% (E) -11- ten One or more mixing in six carbene aldehyde, (E) -11- hexadecene -1- alcohol acetic ester or (E) -11- hexadecene -1- alcohol Object；

(3) biological control

Biocontrol agent selects 600-1000 times of 2000IU/ milliliters of Dipel wettable powders or 200,000,000 spores/gram muscardine can It is 500-1000 times of wet powder, spraying for tree crown, it is 1 time spraying every 10-15 days.

(4) chemical prevention

Chemical prevention selects 600-1200 times of 10% acetamiprid EC, 2000-4000 times of 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granule, 25% thiophene One or more mixing in 2000-3000 times of worm piperazine water dispersible granules or 10% 1000-2000 times of Rynaxypyr suspending agent Object, it is spraying for tree crown, it is 1 time spraying every 7-10 days.

The present invention has the advantages that

The present invention provides a kind of innoxious ecological preventing control method of litchi, it is anti-to be related to Insect infestation monitoring, cultural control, physics It controls, the content of biological control and chemical prevention etc..Mainly for the four-stage of litchi occurring and damage, between being respectively Every phase, initial phase, peak period and rear peak period, integrated assembling is carried out to various control measures, proposes to be suitable for each stage of development Synthetical prevention method, effectively control the occurring and damage of litchi, significantly reduce the access times and usage amount of pesticide, to mentioning It rises aggrieved object fruit consumption and the economic values such as lichee, longan and protection environment is of great significance.

Specific embodiment

Below will by example, the invention will be further described, these descriptions are not to make to the content of present invention into one The restriction of step.It should be understood by those skilled in the art that equivalent replacement made by the content of present invention, or be correspondingly improved, still belong to Within protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiment 1

(1) clear garden Chemicals

In interval (on October 5th, 2015) in different plot, 200 times of lime sulfur, sulphur suspending agent 400 is respectively adopted Times, 200 times of mineral oil and 300 garden Bei Quan of Bordeaux mixture it is spraying, not spray the processing of clear garden agent as control, including weeds and its Its shrub kills overwintering and main litchi of hopping；Method is lured using lamp in initial phase (on March 13rd, 2016), continuously traps 10 It, counts overwintering worm sources quantity.Experiment sets 3 repetitions, the results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1: different clear influences of the garden chemicals treatment to the overwintering worm sources of litchi

The result shows that overwintering worm sources can be effectively reduced using the processing of lime sulfur, sulphur suspending agent and mineral oil.

(2) trap lamp screens

In initial phase (on April 1st, 2016) in different plot, it is respectively adopted 200,250,300,350,400,450 and 500 nanometers Wavelength, the trap lamp of 30 watts carry out adult trapping experiments, and 7 daily inspection adult of Yu Siyue traps result.Experiment sets 3 weights It is multiple, it the results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2: trap lamp lures the wavelength the selection result of litchi

The result shows that trapping quantity help is higher than other wavelength, thin to line in the Eight Diagrams line when trap lamp wavelength is between 350-300 nanometers Moth trap effect is best.

(3) gyplure concentration screening

In peak period (on May 11st, 2016) in different fields, it is respectively adopted containing 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% (E) -11-, 16 carbon Olefine aldehydr, (E) -11- hexadecene -1- alcohol acetic ester or (E) -11- hexadecene -1- alcohol insect-sticking plate, remaining is insect sticker, measurement The optimal use concentration of different gyplures, daily statistics trapping quantity, continuous statistics 7 times.Experiment is repeated 3 times, and the results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3: litchi gyplure ingredient and concentration screening result

The result shows that (E) -11- hexadecenal lures effect best the property of litchi, and had no in 1-4% content range Significant difference.

(4) biocontrol agent and the experiment of chemical insecticide field efficacy

In peak period (on May 11st, 2016) in different fields, 2000IU/ milliliters of Dipel wettable powders are respectively adopted (500 times), 200,000,000 spores/gram muscardine wettable powder (500 times), 10% acetamiprid EC (800 times), 70% imidacloprid moisture Shot agent (2000 times), 25% Diacloden water dispersible granules (2000 times), 10% Rynaxypyr suspending agent (2000 times), 25% Fenvalerate missible oil (800 times) tree crown is spraying, and litchi larva in tender tip is looked into stripping after 7 days, counts the death rate.Experiment repeats 3 It is secondary, it the results are shown in Table 4.

The result shows that two kinds of biocontrol agents are above 85% to the control efficiency of litchi larva, 10% chlorine in institute's medicament For worm benzamide suspending agent to the preventive effect highest of litchi, the preventive effect of 25% fenvalerate missible oil of comparative example is minimum, and only 43%.

Embodiment 2

(1) interval

The characteristics of interval is not accommodate to lack effective host due to weather, and litchi is hidden in weeds；For this feature, In conjunction with chemical prevention and cultural control, the prevention and control strategy of beta pruning, the clear garden of medicament is constructed；The clear garden of its Chinese medicine: 200 times of lime sulfur Full garden is spraying, including weeds and other shrubs, kills overwintering and main litchi of hopping；

(2) initial phase

The characteristics of initial phase is that pest terminates overwintering or host sprouting newly slightly；It is anti-in conjunction with Insect infestation monitoring, physical control and biology It controls, adult lamp lures, property lures the prevention and control strategy that worm is controlled with biocontrol agent for building；Wherein, trap lamp power is 30 watts, and wavelength is 350 nanometers；Property lure use blue or yellow hardboard for carrier, trapping material include following mass percent substance: 96% glue Shellac, 4% (E) -11- hexadecenal；Biocontrol agent selects 200,000,000 spores/500 times of gram muscardine wettable powder, full tree spray Mist, it is 1 time spraying every 15 days；

(3) peak period

In conjunction with Insect infestation monitoring, physical control, biological control and chemical prevention, building adult lamp lures, property lures, biocontrol agent is prevented and treated and The prevention and control strategy of chemical prevention；Wherein, lamp trap lamp power is 30 watts, and wavelength is 350 nanometers；Property lure using blue or yellow Hardboard is carrier, and trapping material includes the substance of following mass percent: 96% insect sticker, 4% (E) -11- hexadecenal； Biocontrol agent selects 200,000,000 spores/500 times of gram muscardine wettable powder, spraying for tree crown, 1 time spraying every 15 days；Chemistry is anti- 2000 times of 10% Rynaxypyr suspending agent of selection is controlled, it is spraying for tree crown, it is 1 time spraying every 7 days；

(4) peak period afterwards

Peak period is after fruit harvesting afterwards, and litchi adult quantity reduces at this time, main harm tender tip；In conjunction with cultural control, Biological control, construction clear the prevention and control measure in garden, the clear garden of medicament and microbial inoculum prevention and treatment；The clear garden of physics: trimming is new slightly, and and deadwood Fallen leaves, which are concentrated, to be burnt；The clear garden of medicament: 200 garden Bei Quan of lime sulfur is spraying, including weeds and other shrubs；Microbial inoculum prevention and treatment: Yu Qing Behind garden 30 days, 200,000,000 spores/500 garden Bei Quan of gram muscardine wettable powder is spraying, including weeds and other shrubs, sprays every 10 days Mist 1 time.

By the orchard of 2 method management comprehensive prevention and control litchi of embodiment, litchi incidence is only 2.33%, and The litchi incidence for compareing orchard (Routine Management mode) is 55.13%.

The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equivalent changes done according to scope of the present invention patent with Modification, is all covered by the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of innoxious ecological preventing control method of litchi, it is characterised in that: be divided into 4 ranks for litchi Section, is interval, initial phase, peak period and rear peak period respectively, constructs the ecological preventing control method of each stage of development, specific anti- Prosecutor method includes the following:

(1) interval

In conjunction with chemical prevention and cultural control, the prevention and control strategy of beta pruning, the clear garden of medicament is constructed；The clear garden of its Chinese medicine is using stone sulphur 200-300 times of mixture, 400-800 times of sulphur suspending agent or the mineral oil garden 200-300 Bei Quan are spraying, including weeds and other fillings Wood kills overwintering and main litchi of hopping；

(2) initial phase

In conjunction with Insect infestation monitoring, physical control and biological control, adult lamp is lured, property lures the prevention and control plan that worm is controlled with biocontrol agent for building Slightly；Wherein, the lamp power that adult lamp lures is 20-60 watts, wavelength 300-400nm；Property lure using blue or yellow hardboard For carrier, the substance that material includes following mass percent: 96-99% insect sticker, 1-4%(E is traped) -11- hexadecenal, (E) one or more mixtures in -11- hexadecene -1- alcohol acetic ester or (E) -11- hexadecene -1- alcohol, two kinds of substances The sum of mass fraction is absolutely；Biocontrol agent selects 2000IU/ milliliters of 600-1000 times of Dipel wettable powders Or 200,000,000 spores/gram 500-1000 times of muscardine wettable powder, full tree is spraying, is sprayed 1 time every 10-15 days；

(3) peak period

In conjunction with Insect infestation monitoring, physical control, biological control and chemical prevention, building adult lamp lures, property lures, biocontrol agent is prevented and treated and The prevention and control strategy of chemical prevention: where lamp trap lamp power is 20-60 watts, wavelength 300-400nm；Property lure using blue Or yellow hardboard is carrier, trapping material includes the substance of following mass percent: 96-99% insect sticker, the trans- 11- of 1-4% One or more mixtures in hexadecenal, trans- 11- hexadecene -1- acetic acid esters or trans- 11- hexadecene -1- alcohol, The sum of two kinds of material mass scores are absolutely；Biocontrol agent selects 2000IU/ milliliters of Dipel wettable powders 600-1000 times or 200,000,000 spores/gram 500-1000 times of muscardine wettable powder, it is spraying for tree crown, every 10-15 days spraying 1 It is secondary；Chemical prevention selects 600-1200 times of 10% acetamiprid EC, 2000-4000 times of 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granule, 25% thiophene worm One or more mixing in 2000-3000 times of piperazine water dispersible granules or 10% 1000-2000 times of Rynaxypyr suspending agent Object, it is spraying for tree crown, it is 1 time spraying every 7-10 days；

(4) peak period afterwards

Peak period is after fruit harvesting afterwards, and litchi adult quantity reduces at this time, main harm tender tip；In conjunction with cultural control, Biological control, construction clear the prevention and control measure in garden, the clear garden of medicament and microbial inoculum prevention and treatment；The clear garden of physics: trimming is new slightly, and and deadwood Fallen leaves, which are concentrated, to be burnt；The clear garden of medicament: 200-300 times of lime sulfur, 400-800 times of sulphur suspending agent or 200-300 times of mineral oil Full garden is spraying, including weeds and other shrubs；Microbial inoculum prevention and treatment: after Yu Qingyuan 30 days, 200,000,000 spores/gram muscardine wettable powder The garden 500-1000 Bei Quan is spraying, including weeds and other shrubs, 1 time spraying every 10-15 days.