CN110311478A - Wireless power transmission impedance matching methods and device based on negative resistance - Google Patents
Wireless power transmission impedance matching methods and device based on negative resistance Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of wireless power transmission impedance matching methods and device based on negative resistance, impedance matching circuit based on negative resistance replaces the tunable capacitor element in match circuit using negative resistance, solve the problems, such as that Conventional impedance match circuit has matching forbidden zone, the present invention has wide applicability, can be applied to a variety of match circuits such as T-type, Π type, Γ type, anti-Γ type.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless power transmission technical fields, especially relate to a kind of radio energy biography based on negative resistance
Defeated impedance matching methods and device.
Background technique
Motor has been invented by the sixties in 19th century, German Siemens, indicate the mankind from scorching hot " age of steam " across
Into " electric era ".It is different from traditional energy, electric energy as a kind of secondary energy sources, can with the energy of other forms (such as:
Solar energy, mechanical energy, chemical energy etc.) easily converted, it is indispensable that this makes electric energy be increasingly becoming industrial civilization
Motive power pushes the progress of human civilization all the time.
With the development of modern large-scale power system, allow all kinds of electrical equipments easily by cable from power grid
Electricity is taken, therefore, electrical equipment depends on the modern transmission & distribution power mode of " power generation-transmission of electricity-power transformation-distribution-electricity consumption " extensively.With
The development of society, people are for movable type or are not easy to that the demand of the equipment of electricity is taken to be able to rapid growth from power grid, this makes
The drawbacks of tradition power mode, gradually highlights.However the Radio Transmission Technology about electric energy but develops more slowly, at present
Transmission mode be using tangible medium directly contact based on, electrical equipment by electric wire, cable and electric energy supply side connection
Just operable, even the transmission of short-range electric energy also needs plug and is connected with socket power supply, this mode is certain
The complicated processes of practical wiring are increased in degree and occupy biggish space, and are carrying out powerful electrical energy transportation mistake
Cheng Zhong, there are the danger of high pressure electric shock.In actual production and life, due to the friction and wear between conducting wire, the peace of electric energy transmission
There are great problems for Quan Xing, reliability and service life etc., the pole especially in particular job environment such as chemical industry, mine
Easily cause major accident.And wireless power transmission technology can overcome the above problem and hidden danger, therefore the spy to the technology completely
Study carefully and is developed rapidly as a kind of emerging research field.Wireless power transmission technology is using electromagnetic induction principle, electric power electricity
The mode that sub- technology and control theory combine, and according to the difference of principle, wireless power transmission can generally be divided into
Three classes: the first kind is the induction type wireless power transmission technology of transformer principle, and this mode power is although larger, but only
Suitable for closely;Second class is electromagnetic wave wireless power transmission technology, can directly be emitted by antenna using electromagnetic wave energy
With received principle, although this mode realizes the transmission over long distances with high-power energy, but energy transmission is limited by direction
System, can not cut-through object, and be lost larger, have grievous injury to human body and other biologies;Third class is non-radiative
Magnet coupled resonant type wireless electric energy transmission technology, the technology can be transmitted in the case where there is barrier, and transmission range also compares
Far, transimission power is also larger, and does not injure to human body.
In real system operation, there is the decline of short distance power efficiency in radio energy transmission system, and cause
The reason of this problem is system input impedance mismatch.When mismatch occurs in system input impedance, by the forward direction of RF power amplification output
High frequency power will generate reflection power in change in the instantaneous impedance section, this Partial Power will be in power amplifier output end and change in the instantaneous impedance section
Between coaxial cable in back and forth propagate, and be finally dissipated in power amplifier internal resistance and cable resistance in the form of heat, therefore impedance is lost
With the reduction that will cause system effectiveness, and when system power is higher ranked and impedance mismatching is serious, or even it will cause radio frequency function
The damage put.And this can effectively be solved the problems, such as by impedance matching.Research to impedance match technique is that radio energy passes
The final goal in research of defeated system, because if resonator system has reached the impedance matching condition of input terminal, it will optimize significantly
The efficiency of transmission and transimission power of system, while can also improve the frequency splitting phenomenon generated during short range transmission.
It is still fewer to the impedance matching research method of radio energy transmission system at present, it can be roughly divided into two classes, one
Kind is the classical impedance matching methods with versatility used for reference from other field, and another kind is for wireless power transmission system
System characteristic and propose carry out matched wireless power transmission impedance matching methods by changing system parameter.
Classical impedance matching methods generally pass through adjunct circuit realization in systems, constitute element not according to adjunct circuit
Together, passive matching process and active matching method can be classified as.Passive matching process passes through a series of string of wattless components
Parallel construction impedance matching network is matched, and this method is with a long history, but until P.H.Smith proposes reality in nineteen thirty-nine
Just become simple and practical after impedance matching network design tool (i.e. Smith chart).Passive matching process is answered extensively
In impedance matching for frequency microwave antenna, RF power amplification and transmission line.In order to quickly and conveniently to impedance progress
Match, it is a kind of to be also suggested using the active matching method for cascading the progress impedance adjusting of Boost-Buck converter.It is opened by control
The duty ratio for closing pipe can be convenient ground regulating system input impedance, and then realize the optimum control of system impedance.
Due to the unique texture of radio energy transmission system, so that system input impedance and transmitting coil impedance, junction line
The factors such as number and working frequency of circle are closely related.For above-mentioned characteristic, there has been proposed be directed to radio energy transmission system
Impedance matching methods.By switching there is the transmitting coil of different impedance operators can be used for regulating system input impedance;?
In radio energy transmission system, increase repeating coil between transmitting and receiving coil usually to extend transmission range, and passes through tune
Save the input impedance of the position also adjustable system of repeating coil;There is height since radio energy transmission system generallys use
The resonance coil of quality factor carries out passing energy, therefore system impedance is more sensitive to working frequency, and the work for passing through regulating system
Working frequency, thus it is possible to vary system performance is with matching impedance.But the above-mentioned research about wireless power transmission impedance matching is not
With wide applicability, in actual system context, coil shape, payload size, frequency and transmission direction
Variation keep impedance matching increasingly complex with it is difficult, there may be can not match various matching ways.
Based on above description, it is known that existing impedance matching circuit presence can not match arbitrary system input impedance and (deposit
Matching forbidden zone) the problem of.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of wireless power transmissions based on negative resistance
Impedance matching methods and device realize there is matching forbidden zone to a variety of impedance matching circuits using the special nature of negative resistance
The solution of problem meets more actual match demands to keep the matching range of impedance matching circuit wider.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
Negative resistance module is accessed impedance matching network by a kind of wireless power transmission impedance matching methods based on negative resistance
The middle tunable capacitor instead of in impedance matching network, so that matching is located at the impedance of matching forbidden zone.
Further, the implementation method of the negative resistance module includes: mainly to be made of positive resistance and operational amplifier,
The non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier is equipped with third positive resistance, sets between the non-inverting input terminal and output end of operational amplifier
The second positive resistance is set, the first positive resistance is set between the inverting input terminal and output end of operational amplifier.
Further, the impedance matching network is Γ type impedance matching network or anti-Γ type impedance matching network or Π type
Impedance matching network or T-type impedance matching network.
Another aspect of the present invention additionally provides a kind of wireless power transmission impedance-matching device based on negative resistance, including negative
Resistive module and impedance matching network, the negative resistance module accesses in impedance matching network, instead of in impedance matching network
Tunable capacitor.
Further, the negative resistance module is mainly made of positive resistance and operational amplifier, in the same of operational amplifier
Phase input terminal is equipped with third positive resistance R3, the second positive resistance is set between the non-inverting input terminal and output end of operational amplifier
R2, the first positive resistance R is set between the inverting input terminal and output end of operational amplifier1。
Further, the impedance matching network is Γ type impedance matching network or anti-Γ type impedance matching network or Π type
Impedance matching network or T-type impedance matching network.
The present invention also provides the wireless electric energy transmission devices with impedance matching function based on negative resistance, including high frequency
Power supply, electric energy emitting portion, electric energy receiving portion and negative resistance impedance matching portion, the high frequency electric source connection electric energy transmitting
Part, the electric energy emitting portion and electric energy receiving portion make resonance frequency reach system operating frequency by tuned cell, into
And complete the wireless transmission of electric energy;The negative resistance impedance matching portion includes negative resistance module and impedance matching network, institute
It states in negative resistance module access impedance matching network, instead of the tunable capacitor in impedance matching network.
Further, the electric energy transmitting circuit includes magnet exciting coil, electric energy transmitting coil and emitting side tuned cell, is encouraged
Magnetic coil is closer with electric energy transmitting coil, and the transmission of electric energy is carried out by transformer principle;The electric energy receiving unit subpackage
It includes loading coil, electric energy receiving coil and receiving side tuned cell, loading coil to be closer with electric energy receiving coil, pass through
The transmission of transformer principle progress electric energy.
Further, the negative resistance module is mainly made of positive resistance and operational amplifier, in the same of operational amplifier
Phase input terminal is equipped with third positive resistance R3, the second positive resistance is set between the non-inverting input terminal and output end of operational amplifier
R2, the first positive resistance R is set between the inverting input terminal and output end of operational amplifier1。
Further, the impedance matching network is Γ type impedance matching network or anti-Γ type impedance matching network or Π type
Impedance matching network or T-type impedance matching network.
Compared with prior art, the present invention have it is following the utility model has the advantages that
1, the present invention can solve Conventional impedance match circuit in the presence of that can not match arbitrary system input impedance, i.e., tradition matches
There is matching forbidden zone in circuit, the impedance matching circuit based on negative resistance is the strong supplement of Conventional impedance matching process,
Help to better solve the impedance mismatch problem of radio energy transmission system.
2, the configuration of the present invention is simple not will increase answering for the existing impedance matching circuit applied to radio energy transmission system
Miscellaneous degree will not equally impact electric energy transmitting coil.
3, the present invention is suitable for the impedance matching electricity of a variety of radio energy transmission systems such as T-type, Π type, Γ type, anti-Γ type
Corresponding component is replaced on road, has wide applicability.
4, by comparing the load-receipt power of impedance matching mode and Conventional impedance matching way of the present invention, as a result table
Bright, the present invention can have the effect of breaking through the load-receipt upper limit of the power on the basis of keeping system impedance matched.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is anti-Γ type impedance matching circuit schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the anti-Γ type impedance matching circuit schematic diagram based on negative resistance;
Fig. 3 is the matching range schematic diagram of anti-Γ type match circuit in matlab simulation software;
Fig. 4 (a) is the simulation result matched outside forbidden zone in matlab simulation software;
Fig. 4 (b) is system input impedance real part match curve in matlab simulation software;
Fig. 4 (c) is system input impedance imaginary part match curve in matlab simulation software;
Fig. 5 (a) is the simulation result matched in forbidden zone in matlab simulation software;
Fig. 5 (b) is system input impedance real part match curve in matlab simulation software;
Fig. 6 is the C matched in forbidden zone in matlab simulation softwarePWith CSCalculated value;
Fig. 7 (a) is system input impedance in matlab simulation software;
Fig. 7 (b) is load-receipt power in matlab simulation software;
Fig. 8 is Different matching mode load voltage comparison diagram in matlab simulation software;
Fig. 9 is the circuit theory schematic diagram of the present embodiment negative resistance module;
Figure 10 is Γ type impedance matching circuit schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention can phase
Mutually combination.
The basic principle of the present embodiment is the fundamental characteristics using negative resistance, can not be carried out for Conventional impedance match circuit
When matching system input impedance, corresponding tunable capacitor element is replaced.
The embodiment of the present invention proposes the wireless electric energy transmission device with impedance matching function based on negative resistance, including
High frequency electric source, electric energy emitting portion, electric energy receiving portion and negative resistance impedance matching portion, and the electric energy emitting portion
Resonance frequency is set to reach system operating frequency, and then the wireless transmission of complete field electric energy by tuned cell with electric energy receiving portion;
The electric energy transmitting circuit includes magnet exciting coil, electric energy transmitting coil and emitting side tuned cell, and magnet exciting coil and electric energy emit
Coil distance is closer, and the transmission of electric energy is carried out by transformer principle;The electric energy receiving portion includes loading coil, electric energy
Receiving coil and receiving side tuned cell, loading coil are closer with electric energy receiving coil, carry out electricity by transformer principle
The transmission of energy;The negative resistance impedance matching circuit as shown in Figure 2 (by taking anti-Γ type impedance matching network as an example, such as Fig. 1), wraps
Include the inductance and negative resistance Z on match circuit series armR1, negative resistance Z on parallel armR2, in the match circuit of other forms
In, replace corresponding inductance element or capacity cell, the addition of negative resistance can't emit electric energy and receiving coil
Resonance frequency has any impact, and the voltage and current relationship of the negative resistance meets UR1(2)=-R1(2) *IR1(2), phase
Relationship meets φR1(2)=π.
It is described as follows: by taking anti-Γ type impedance matching circuit as an example, as shown in Figure 1, USFor high-frequency exiting power, RSFor
The internal resistance of source, impedance matching circuit is by an inductance component LSWith a capacity cell CSSeries connection, then with a capacity cell CP
Loading coil, receiving coil, transmitting coil and excitation coil are carried out equivalent impedance transformation, can obtain wireless power transmission by parallel connection
Input impedance Zin, enable Zin=Rin+jXin, wherein RinFor the real part of input impedance, XinFor the imaginary part of input impedance, therefore can
It obtains through the system input impedance Z after impedance matchingin' are as follows:
Z can be obtained by calculating to arrangein' real part be respectively as follows: with imaginary part
By formula it is found that tunable capacitor C in impedance matching circuit on parallel armPNot only adjustable system input impedance
Zin' real part, its same adjustable imaginary part;Inductance L in circuit on series armSWith capacitor CSOnly adjust Zin' imaginary part.
To make load-receipt power reach maximum, that is, reaches the matching status of system input impedance and the internal resistance of source, system is inputted and is hindered
Anti- Zin' adjust to imaginary part be 0, real part RS, then the numerical value of the shunt capacitance and series capacitance that need to adjust is as follows:
By the derivation and calculating of above-mentioned mathematical formulae it is found that capacitor CPThere are the solutions that two meet solving condition, still
R in consideration formulain 2-50Rin+Xin 2Symbol may be negative, therefore capacitor CPNumerical value there may be for pure imaginary number the case where.One
As the capacitance of capacitor be not pure imaginary number, impedance matching circuit traditional at this time can not match system input impedance, cause
It fails to match, and system input impedance at this time enters the matching forbidden zone of anti-Γ type impedance matching circuit.
When the capacitor in impedance matching circuit the case where pure imaginary number occurs by mathematical computations, according to the basic of negative resistance
Feature, this capacitor have the characteristic of negative resistance, can be replaced and completed by negative resistance the matching of system input impedance, such as Fig. 2
Anti- Γ type impedance matching circuit after showing negative resistance substitution.
To prove that negative resistance can solve the problems, such as radio energy transmission system impedance matching forbidden zone, in matlab simulation software
Build simulink model.The input impedance of radio energy transmission system is matched by anti-Γ type match circuit first.
Be illustrated in figure 3 the matching range schematic diagram of anti-Γ type match circuit, in figure heavy line be a certain radio energy transmission system with
The variation of the coefficient of coup between transmitting coil and receiving coil, the changing rule of system input impedance.
Some falls into the matching forbidden zone of anti-Γ type impedance matching circuit to heavy line, and another part can then be hindered by tradition
Anti- matching way carries out the matching of system input impedance.The system input impedance outside matching forbidden zone is matched first, is matched
As a result as shown in Figure 4.
Fig. 4 (a) indicates successful match, Fig. 4 (b) two C as the result is shownPIt is real that value can complete matching system input impedance
Portion, Fig. 4 (c) is as the result is shown by two CPValue solves, and respectively corresponds two different CSValue.
Next the system input impedance in anti-Γ type match circuit matching forbidden zone is matched.
If Fig. 5 (a), Fig. 5 (b) can not be matched as the result is shown, input impedance real part once cannot be by adjusting CPIt arrives
It up to 50ohm, then can determine that system input impedance at this time cannot be completed to match, that is, enter matching forbidden zone, it is therefore desirable to utilize base
It is matched in the system input impedance in the anti-Γ type match circuit matching forbidden zone of negative resistance.C can be calculated by formula (3)P
With CSValue, it will be appreciated from fig. 6 that there are imaginary part after two capacitances, the value can it is equivalent at capacitance be CPWith CSReal part
Capacitor, then be connected in series with negative resistance.
The system input impedance in matching forbidden zone is matched through the above way, as a result as shown in Figure 7.
By Fig. 7 (a), Fig. 7 (b) as the result is shown by the impedance matching circuit successful match input impedance based on negative resistance,
Under the working frequency of 6.78MHz, real part is successfully matched to 50ohm, imaginary part 0.
The beneficial effect that load-receipt power can be increased for impedance matching mode of the verifying based on negative resistance, selects system defeated
Enter impedance, input impedance at this time meets condition, that is, is located at the matching forbidden zone of anti-Γ type match circuit, but be not present in Γ type
The matching forbidden zone of match circuit can obtain load-receipt end voltage curve by two kinds of match circuits.
It is larger to carry out matching resulting load voltage in the way of the impedance matching based on negative resistance as shown in Figure 8, voltage
Larger to mean identical load, the numerical value for receiving power is also larger, therefore the impedance matching mode based on negative resistance is beneficial
Effect it can be seen that.
Wherein, the realization principle of negative resistance module is described as follows:
Negative resistance is a kind of special resistance, is made of under normal conditions positive resistance and operational amplifier, operation amplifier utensil
There is the features such as open-loop gain is big, bandwidth is high, under conditions of meeting ideal empty short and empty disconnected, complex impedance transformation may be implemented
Device.Its circuit diagram is as shown in Figure 9:
The voltage of two input terminals is respectively u+、u-.From " empty short ": u+=u-, so the electricity at equivalent negative resistance both ends
Pressure are as follows:
By " void is disconnected " it is found that electric current i is
So its available equivalent resistance is
As can be seen from the above equation, circuit input impedance is load impedance-R1/R2Times, particularly work as R1=R2When, Req=-
R3
It is to obtain the basic principle of negative resistance above, negative resistance module is accessed and replaces tunable capacitor in impedance matching network
To which matching is located at the impedance of matching forbidden zone.
Here is the generality explanation about negative resistance impedance matching:
Common matching topology is broadly divided into two classes: Γ type or anti-Γ type, Π or T-type.The network structure of two classes topology is not
Together, there is different matching ranges, be also not quite similar for the adjustment effect of circuit characteristic.In the design phase of matching network,
How to design the adjustable range of match network topologies and adjustable element by known load impedance variations range is that core is asked
Topic.
1: topology is matched for Γ type
Γ type impedance matching network as shown in Figure 10, is calculated the calculating formula of tunable capacitor in match circuit:
It can be seen that there are radical sign items in formula, as the variation of impedance real part imaginary part will appear matching forbidden zone.
It is said differently, Γ type mating structure adjusts adjustable electric capacitance to which history cannot be completely covered in matched impedance ranges
This close circle diagram.
2: topology is matched for T-type, Π type
Similar with Γ type topology, T-type, Π type match the matching range of topology also by the conjugation of solving system output impedance
It is determined.Due to the increase of tunable capacitor quantity, the capacitance range of tunable capacitor expands, can be effective by adjusting capacitor
The matching range of T-type, Π type matching network is controlled, it theoretically, can by reasonably selecting the adjustable element parameter of matching topology
So that matching range covers arbitrary load.However, increasing impedance matching due to increasing an adjustable element
Optimizing difficulty, for being unfavorable for promoting of real system for the higher radio energy transmission system of requirement of real-time
With speed.
In conclusion, for Γ type, T-type, Π type, being born in addition to the anti-Γ type impedance matching circuit that embodiment is specifically told about
Resistive impedance matching also all has ubiquity meaning.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of wireless power transmission impedance matching methods based on negative resistance, which is characterized in that access negative resistance module and hinder
The tunable capacitor in impedance matching network is replaced in anti-matching network, so that matching is located at the impedance of matching forbidden zone.
2. a kind of wireless power transmission impedance matching methods based on negative resistance according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The implementation method of the negative resistance module includes: mainly to be made of positive resistance and operational amplifier, in the same phase of operational amplifier
Input terminal is equipped with third positive resistance, and the second positive resistance is arranged between the non-inverting input terminal and output end of operational amplifier, is transporting
It calculates and the first positive resistance is set between the inverting input terminal and output end of amplifier.
3. a kind of wireless power transmission impedance matching methods based on negative resistance according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The impedance matching network is Γ type impedance matching network or anti-Γ type impedance matching network or Π type impedance matching network or T-type
Impedance matching network.
4. a kind of wireless power transmission impedance-matching device based on negative resistance, which is characterized in that including negative resistance module and
Impedance matching network, the negative resistance module accesses in impedance matching network, instead of the tunable capacitor in impedance matching network.
5. a kind of wireless power transmission impedance-matching device based on negative resistance according to claim 4, which is characterized in that
The negative resistance module is mainly made of positive resistance and operational amplifier, is being equipped with third just in the non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier
Resistance R3, the second positive resistance R is set between the non-inverting input terminal and output end of operational amplifier2, in the reverse phase of operational amplifier
First positive resistance R is set between input terminal and output end1。
6. a kind of wireless power transmission impedance-matching device based on negative resistance according to claim 4, which is characterized in that
The impedance matching network is Γ type impedance matching network or anti-Γ type impedance matching network or Π type impedance matching network or T-type
Impedance matching network.
7. a kind of wireless electric energy transmission device with impedance matching function based on negative resistance, which is characterized in that including high frequency
Power supply, electric energy emitting portion, electric energy receiving portion and negative resistance impedance matching portion, the high frequency electric source connect electric energy emission part
Point, the electric energy emitting portion makes resonance frequency reach system operating frequency with electric energy receiving portion by tuned cell, in turn
Complete the wireless transmission of electric energy;The negative resistance impedance matching portion includes negative resistance module and impedance matching network, described
Negative resistance module accesses in impedance matching network, instead of the tunable capacitor in impedance matching network.
8. a kind of wireless electric energy transmission device with impedance matching function based on negative resistance according to claim 7,
It is characterized in that, the electric energy transmitting circuit includes magnet exciting coil, electric energy transmitting coil and emitting side tuned cell, magnet exciting coil
It is closer with electric energy transmitting coil, the transmission of electric energy is carried out by transformer principle;The electric energy receiving portion includes load
Coil, electric energy receiving coil and receiving side tuned cell, loading coil are closer with electric energy receiving coil, pass through transformer primary
Reason carries out the transmission of electric energy.
9. a kind of wireless electric energy transmission device with impedance matching function based on negative resistance according to claim 7,
It is characterized in that, the negative resistance module is mainly made of positive resistance and operational amplifier, in the homophase input of operational amplifier
End is equipped with third positive resistance R3, the second positive resistance R is set between the non-inverting input terminal and output end of operational amplifier2, in operation
First positive resistance R is set between the inverting input terminal and output end of amplifier1。
10. a kind of wireless electric energy transmission device with impedance matching function based on negative resistance according to claim 7,
It is characterized in that, the impedance matching network is Γ type impedance matching network or anti-Γ type impedance matching network or Π type impedance
Distribution network or T-type impedance matching network.
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CN114448387A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-05-06 | 深圳市恒运昌真空技术有限公司 | Method for adjusting impedance matching and impedance matching circuit |
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