CN110309952A - A kind of urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system based on commuting model - Google Patents
A kind of urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system based on commuting model Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110309952A CN110309952A CN201910449882.2A CN201910449882A CN110309952A CN 110309952 A CN110309952 A CN 110309952A CN 201910449882 A CN201910449882 A CN 201910449882A CN 110309952 A CN110309952 A CN 110309952A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- commuting
- unit
- city
- data
- picture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000013215 result calculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/04—Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/10—Services
- G06Q50/26—Government or public services
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
Landscapes
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Human Resources & Organizations (AREA)
- Tourism & Hospitality (AREA)
- Strategic Management (AREA)
- Economics (AREA)
- Marketing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Development Economics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Operations Research (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Game Theory and Decision Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Entrepreneurship & Innovation (AREA)
- Educational Administration (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Primary Health Care (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system based on commuting model, analysis is carried out for the commuting amount to city space each in city unit to assist user to carry out city layout optimization, it is characterized in that, it include: picture storage unit, input display unit, commute model storage unit, unit information storage unit, cell data storage unit and commuting amount calculation part, wherein, picture storage unit is stored with city selection picture, urban units show picture, layout data inputs picture and data displaying picture, after the job of user's confirmation input adjusts quantity, commuting amount calculation part is just according to residual error commuting model, job adjustment quantity and unit commuting data carry out the commuting amount of each city space unit in city planning commuting amount is calculated, the result calculation part that commutes is according to planning commuting amount Successively the variation of the commuting amount of each city space unit is carried out that commuting result is calculated with unit commuting data.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one kind to belong to urban planning field, and in particular to a kind of urban employment spatial configuration optimal it is auxiliary
Auxiliary system.
Background technique
In urban planning field, especially overall city planning and regulatory plan, urban employment space and employment
The layout in post is an important content.The change of placement space layout directly results in resident's commuting time and Commuting Distance
Variation, and certain influence can be generated on urban transportation.
In general Planning preparation, the placement strategy of placement space is based primarily upon two o'clock.First, the macroscopic view according to city
Indicator of economic development determines the substantially scale of job；Second, the tool of job is determined by the professional knowledge of planner
Body layout.This way there are in fact very big subjectivity.Planning substantially face the future, the knowledge of planner and
Experience is more objective in a short time, can be practiced with guiding plan, but uncertain increase in the long term, the judgement master of planner
The property seen is stronger, it is possible to judge by accident.Comparing reasonable way is that following variation is predicted using model.Specific to employment
In terms of space layout, it is suitble to simulate the various change that job layout may cause using commuting model.But it is general
In City Planning Practice, seldom using the method auxiliary programming decision of commuting model, this aspect is due to extensive high-precision
The model of the shortage of degree evidence, fining can not construct, and on the other hand be that pervious urban development is more extensive, the essence of planning
Refinement requires also not high.At the same time, with the further development in city, previous extensive development model and extensive rule
Draw all unsustainable, urban development, city management, urban planning require move towards to refine.
In current City Planning Practice, using big data carry out urban study, auxiliary programming decision case increasingly
Generally.But the application of big data rests essentially within the Current Description aspect in city, specifically, with big data analysis status
The phases such as the judgement of separate condition are lived in the residence in city and the distribution of employment ground, the average commuting time of resident and Commuting Distance, duty
It is more to close research, is based on these As-Is analysis, it can be determined that the commuting time in which area of city is longer, duty lives to separate situation
It is more serious, therefore user can judge which area needs the post that creates more jobs, to be directed to these in planning according to these data
Regional emphasis creates more jobs post.But these big data systems are merely able to analyze data, without can be carried out city
Prediction, the simulation in space, therefore user can not learn the situation after job increase by these systems.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above problems, provide it is a kind of can be inputted according to the users such as planner and relevant Decision person Bu Tong
Resident after obtaining employment in industry space layout program simulation city, which commutes, to change, so that placement space layout for reference is auxiliary
Decision system is helped, present invention employs following technical solutions:
The present invention provides a kind of urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary systems based on commuting model, for city
The commuting amount of each city space unit carries out analysis to assist user to carry out city layout optimization in city, which is characterized in that
Include: picture storage unit, input display unit, commuting model storage unit, unit information storage unit, cell data storage unit and
Commuting amount calculation part, wherein picture storage unit is stored with city selection picture, urban units show that picture, layout data are defeated
Enter picture and data displaying picture, commuting model storage unit is stored with the residual error commuting model to Yingcheng City, and unit information is deposited
Storage portion is stored with the cell distribution information of city space unit, and it is single that cell data storage unit is stored with corresponding each city space
The unit commuting data of member, input display unit show that city selects picture that user is allowed to select a city as current city, and
Show that urban units show picture and show each of current city according to cell distribution information after user selects current city
City space unit allows user to select multiple adjacent city space units as planning simulation context, further true in user
Set pattern shows that layout data input picture allows user successively to each city space in planning simulation context after drawing simulation context
Unit import employment post adjusts quantity, after user confirms the job adjustment quantity of each city space unit,
Commuting amount calculation part just commutes model, job adjustment quantity and unit commuting data to each of city according to residual error
The commuting amount of city space unit carries out that planning commuting amount is calculated, and commuting result calculation part is according to planning commuting amount and list
Member commuting data successively to the variation of the commuting amount of each city space unit carry out that commuting is calculated as a result, input is shown
Portion, which is shown, to commute picture as the result is shown and shows that commuting result allows user to confirm in this screen.
Urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system provided by the invention based on commuting model, can also have this
The technical characteristic of sample, further includes: signaling data storage unit, distribution weight storage unit, commuting data analyze acquisition unit, Yi Jitong
Diligent data distribution portion, wherein signaling data storage unit is stored with the mobile phone signaling obtained in advance from each cellular base station in city
Data, distribution weight storage unit are stored with each cellular base station and the nearest predetermined quantity city space unit in respective periphery
Corresponding distribution weight, commuting data analysis acquisition unit carry out analysis to mobile phone signaling data to obtain comprising resident
Resident's commuting data of departure place base station and employment ground base station, commuting data distribution portion is according to distribution weight successively by resident
Departure place base station and employment ground base station in commuting data are distributed to city space unit, to obtain going out comprising resident
The unit commuting data of hair ground unit and employment ground unit, cell data storage unit store unit commuting data.
Urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system provided by the invention based on commuting model, can also have this
The technical characteristic of sample, wherein predetermined quantity is 30.
Urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system provided by the invention based on commuting model, can also have this
The technical characteristic of sample, wherein residual error commuting model are as follows:
lnTij=κi+αilnNj+βiln dij+∑kαkD_SEk+εij (1)
In formula, TiijCommuting amount between the unit of city space, i indicate i-th of departure place unit, j indicate j-th just
Industry ground unit, NjFor the job quantity of j-th of employment ground unit, dijFor i-th of departure place unit and j-th of employment ground
Commuting cost (the present embodiment uses Commuting Distance) between unit, αiSystem is influenced for the job of i-th of departure place unit
Number, coefficient is positive under normal circumstances, βiFor the range attenuation coefficient of i-th of departure place unit, coefficient is negative under normal circumstances,
κiFor the constant term of i-th of departure place unit, εijFor the commuting amount between i-th of departure place unit and j-th of employment ground unit
Residual error.D_SEkIt is the residual error dummy variable of the cluster type of corresponding kth class, k value is [0,1,2,3], D_SEkValue
For [0,1], αkIt is corresponding residual error coefficient.
Urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system provided by the invention based on commuting model, can also have this
The technical characteristic of sample, wherein commuting result is that the commuting amount of each city space unit changes numerical value, commuting amount amplitude of variation
Or commuting time changes numerical value.
Urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system provided by the invention based on commuting model, can also have this
The technical characteristic of sample, wherein commuting cost is commuting time or Commuting Distance.
Urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system provided by the invention based on commuting model, can also have this
The technical characteristic of sample, wherein city space unit is the neighbourhood committee's unit being made of the neighbourhood committee's range divided in city.
Invention action and effect
Urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system according to the present invention, since input display unit shows city selection
Picture and urban units show that picture allows user to select city and planning simulation context, and according to the planning simulation context
Display layout data input picture allows the job adjustment quantity of each city space unit in user's input range, therefore
User can be allowed accurately to be allocated to job in city.Further, commuting amount calculation part is according to the pre-stored data
Residual error commuting model, unit commuting data and the job of user's input adjustment quantity are to each city space unit
Commuting amount carries out that planning commuting amount is calculated, and calculates program results according to the planning commuting amount by commuting result calculation part,
To realize the mould to the commuting amount variation for causing each city space unit to generate by the increase and decrease of job in city
It is quasi-.It is single to certain city spaces that urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system of the invention can allow user to be intuitive to see
After member arranges a certain number of jobs, the commuting amount variation that each city space unit can generate in city is final to help
User's preferably planning to the distribution of urban employment post.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural block diagram of urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of unit commuting data in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is that city space unit is shown, layout data inputs picture in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of picture as the result is shown of commuting in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of picture as the result is shown of commuting in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of picture as the result is shown of commuting in the embodiment of the present invention；And
Fig. 7 is the flow chart of commuting calculating process in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to be easy to understand the technical means, the creative features, the aims and the efficiencies achieved by the present invention, below
In conjunction with the embodiments and attached drawing specifically explains the urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system work of the invention based on commuting model
It states.
<embodiment>
The present embodiment is auxiliary by running urban employment spatial configuration optimal of the invention on the computer held with user
Auxiliary system carries out Shanghai City for urban employment space planning.
Fig. 1 is the structural block diagram of urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system in the embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system 100 based on commuting model includes signaling data
Storage unit 11, unit information storage unit 12, cell data storage unit 13, distribution weight storage unit 14, unit calculate control unit
15, commuting data analysis acquisition unit 16, commuting data distribution portion 17, commuting model storage unit 18, commuting calculate control unit 19,
Commuting amount calculation part 20, commuting result calculation part 21, picture storage unit 22, input display unit 23, system side communication unit 24 and
Control the system side control unit 25 that above-mentioned each portion is run.
Wherein, urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system 100 is soft to run on the computer that user holds
Part, input display unit 23 are the computer screen and input part.System side communication unit 24 is for carrying out urban employment
Between each composition part of spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system 100 and urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system 100
Data exchange between other systems.System side control unit 25 is used for through computer program to urban employment space layout
The work for optimizing each component parts of auxiliary system 100 is controlled.
Signaling data storage unit 11 is for storing the base station information of each cellular base station and corresponding mobile phone in city
Signaling data.Base station information is that the ID of cellular base station is numbered, and base station information and mobile phone signaling data first pass through and mobile phone base in advance
Database of standing connection obtains to store to signaling data storage unit 11, or is imported and stored to signaling data by user
Storage unit 11.
In the present embodiment, mobile phone signaling data include the cellphone information (such as mobile phone number) of mobile phone, time information (i.e.
Communicate occur time) and communication when base station information (such as base station number).Mobile phone signaling data is each in a city
The mobile phone signaling generated when the mobile communication of a cellular base station and each resident (i.e. the holder of mobile phone).When the mobile phone of resident
Switching on and shutting down, transmitting-receiving short message, the base station making and receiving calls Shi Huiyu generation " information exchange " occur, i.e., mobile phone is in specific time (behavior
The time of generation) by certain base station (spatial position) one point of record on periphery, obtain space time information.If resident is not any
Behavior, mobile phone location " can also periodically update ", i.e., carry out periodic location update every or so 2 hours, that is to say, that
Even if the mobile phone of resident is not used, a point can be also recorded every 2 hours.
Unit information storage unit 12 is used to store urban information, each city space unit corresponding with city in city
Unit information, the commuting cost between cell distribution information and each city space unit.
In the present embodiment, city space unit is the neighbourhood committee's unit constituted by the neighbourhood committee's range divided in city, city
City's information, unit information and cell distribution information first pass through disclosed urban planning data (such as the 6th national population in advance
Generally investigate issued urban information) it obtains.Urban information be city title, unit information be neighbourhood committee's unit title (or
The identification informations such as ID number), cell distribution information is the division range of each neighbourhood committee's unit.
Cell data storage unit 13 is for storing unit commuting data corresponding with each city space unit.
In the present embodiment, the data that unit commute are owned by the unit calculating control associated components of control unit 14 according in city
The mobile phone signaling data of cellular base station is calculated, specifically in being detailed below.
Distribution weight storage unit 14 is used to store the distribution weight of corresponding each cellular base station, which is by one
Resident's commuting data of a cellular base station are distributed to the weight proportion of the 30 neighbourhood committee unit nearest with its periphery.
In the present embodiment, distribution weight is calculated previously according to cellular base station and the neighbor distance of neighbourhood committee's unit on periphery
It obtains, the calculation method are as follows:
Meet simultaneously:
In formula,The distribution weight for the cellular base station that the number for being neighbourhood committee's space cell acquisition that number is k is i,
d(i)kIt is the neighbor distance of the centroid of base station i and neighbourhood committee's unit k, θ is bandwidth-distance.Formula (2) ensure that formula (1) is counted
The distribution weight of calculating and be 1.
In the present embodiment, the value of bandwidth-distance is 4km, and the bandwidth-distance be neighbor distance maximum value (that is,
When neighbor distance is greater than 4km with regard to value 4km), pass through formula (1) and (2), it will be able to show that each cellular base station is right with it
The distribution weight of neighbourhood committee's unit on 30 peripheries answered.
Unit calculates control unit 15 and is used to control the relevant component work of unit commuting data generating procedure, it may be assumed that
When receiving signaling data, control commuting data analysis acquisition unit 16 carries out analysis to mobile phone signaling data to successively obtain
Resident's commuting data corresponding with cellular base station are taken, further control commuting data distribution portion 17 will be with hand according to distribution weight
The corresponding resident's commuting data in machine base station are distributed to city space unit to obtain unit corresponding with city space unit
Commute data.
In the present embodiment, commuting data analysis acquisition unit 16 first unites mobile phone signaling data according to cellphone information
Meter, to obtain mobile phone signaling data of each resident in two weeks.Further, for the mobile phone signaling number of each resident
According to, successively according in mobile phone signaling data at the time of information carry out the analysis of resident living track to identify the residence of resident
Residence (i.e. the corresponding base station in departure place) and place of working (corresponding base station of obtaining employment).
Specifically, if the point that is recorded at night (at night 8 points to next day 6:00 AM) of resident is relatively fixed (referred to as
" night high frequency recording point "), it may be considered that this point (i.e. location information corresponding to cellular base station) is the inhabitation of resident
Ground.Similarly, if the relatively fixed (referred to as " high frequency recording in the daytime of point that resident is recorded on daytime (9 points to 6 points at night of morning)
Point "), then this point is probably exactly the place of working of the resident.That is: night high frequency recording point represents residence, in the daytime
High frequency recording point represents place of working.
Therefore, commuting data analysis acquisition unit 16 can be analyzed to obtain according to mobile phone signaling data departure place base station with
And employment ground base station, further generate resident's commuting data.Resident commuting data include the departure place base station of corresponding departure place
Information, the moment of setting out accordingly, corresponding employment ground employment ground base station information, corresponding employment moment and cellphone information.
In the present embodiment, commuting data distribution portion 17 distribute resident commute data when, while by departure place base station and
Employment ground base station is distributed to corresponding neighbourhood committee's unit to get to departure place neighbourhood committee unit and employment neighbourhood committee unit.
As shown in Fig. 2, finally obtained unit commuting data include the departure place neighbourhood committee element number pcq_O of corresponding departure place (i.e.
The unit information of departure place neighbourhood committee unit), the employment on corresponding employment ground ground (the i.e. employment ground neighbourhood committee element number pcq_D
The unit information of neighbourhood committee's unit), total resident population num_home_O of departure place neighbourhood committee unit (occupies according to departure place and entrusts
Can the quantity of cellphone information that is assigned to of unit obtain), total job num_work_D (root of employment ground neighbourhood committee unit
The quantity for the cellphone information being assigned to according to employment ground neighbourhood committee unit obtains, and is abbreviated as N hereinafterj), departure place and place of working it
Between commuting amount num (according to the cellphone information between current departure place neighbourhood committee unit and destination neighbourhood committee unit
Quantity obtains, and is abbreviated as T hereinafterij), Commuting Distance dist is (according to departure place base station and employment ground the distance between base station
It arrives, is abbreviated as d hereinafterij), automobile commuting time (i.e. using automobile commute) dura_car and public transport commuting time dura_
Bus (commuting time converts to obtain by distance and preset commuting speed).The residual error commuting model of the present embodiment is using logical
Diligent distance, in other embodiments, residual error commutes model can also be using automobile commuting time or public transport commuting time as logical
Diligent cost.In addition, the data of above-mentioned commuting time and Commuting Distance pass through web crawlers from Map Services in the present embodiment
Batch crawl obtains in software (such as Amap).
Commuting model storage unit 18 is used to be stored with the residual error commuting model in corresponding each city.Residual error commuting model
Form it is as follows:
lnTij=κi+αilnNj+βilndij+∑kαkD_SEk+εij (3)
In formula, TijCommuting amount between the unit of city space, i indicate i-th of departure place unit, j indicate j-th just
Industry ground unit, NjFor the job quantity of j-th of employment ground unit, dijFor i-th of departure place unit and j-th of employment ground
Commuting cost (the present embodiment uses Commuting Distance) between unit, αiSystem is influenced for the job of i-th of departure place unit
Number, coefficient is positive under normal circumstances, βiFor the range attenuation coefficient of i-th of departure place unit, coefficient is negative under normal circumstances,
κiFor the constant term of i-th of departure place unit, εijFor the commuting amount between i-th of departure place unit and j-th of employment ground unit
Residual error.D_SEkIt is the residual error dummy variable of the cluster type of corresponding kth class, k value is [0,1,2,3], D_SEkValue
For [0,1], αkIt is corresponding residual error coefficient.(wherein this symbol of ln expression " logarithm " is taken to corresponding variable, be equivalent to by
Variable originally has done a numerical transformation, all does in formula to commuting amount, resident population, job and Commuting Distance
One transformation.)
In the present embodiment, residual error dummy variable D_SEkBasis commuting models for several times is calculated to obtain to first pass through in advance
, the form of basis commuting model is as follows:
lnTij=κ+α lnPi+βlnNj+γlndij+ε (4)
In formula, the meaning of parameter is similar to the residual error of formula (3) commuting model.
By the basis commuting model previously according to formula (4) to town space cell (town space cell
Can be any one city space unit in city) and other each city space units between commuting amount calculated, from
And residual error { R is obtained in conjunction with practical commuting amount calculating differencen, Xn, Yn, wherein RnRepresent corresponding n-th of city space unit
The absolute figure of residual error, XnAnd YnRepresent the plane coordinates of n-th of city space unit.
Further, by residual error { Rn, Xn, YnClustered (built in specifically can be used in ArcGIS with space clustering mode
Local space autocorrelation calculation tool, and round-robin algorithm is write using python, to 5000 or so the neighbourhood committees in Shanghai City
Unit is successively calculated), so that (i.e. from town, space cell goes out according to two residual errors of each city space unit
The residual error of residual error and the city space unit periphery each unit that the resident of hair obtains employment to a city space unit)
Height obtains the cluster result of 4 seed types, i.e., high cluster (HH cluster), oligomeric class (LL cluster), height
Cluster (HL cluster) and low high cluster (LH cluster).For example, a space cell is located at along subway, then
The employment of resident is likely to most of all along subway in this space cell, then the residual error along subway may be very
Height, subway are exactly " high cluster " along the line.Finally, by the cluster results of 4 seed types carry out variable design handle to obtain residual error it is virtual
Variables D _ SEk。
In the present embodiment, the residual error commuting model that commuting model storage unit 18 stores is corresponding with each city respectively, often
The residual error commuting model in a city calculates separately setting by the resident's commuting data and basis commuting model of phase Yingcheng City.
Commuting calculates control unit 19 and is used to control the relevant component of commuting calculating process, i.e., calculates commuting amount
The work that portion 20 and commuting result calculation part 21 are related to commuting calculating process is controlled.
When user inputs the job adjustment quantity of each city space unit and confirms calculating, commuting is calculated
Control unit 19 successively counts the planning commuting amount of each city space unit in city with regard to control commuting amount calculation part 20
It calculates.
In the present embodiment, commuting amount calculation part 20 adjusts in number adjustment unit commuting data according to job first
Total job NjTotal job after being planned, further by total after the residual error commuting model of formula (3) and planning
Job is calculated, thus each city space unit corresponding planning commuting amount two-by-two in the city after being changed.
After commuting, which calculates control unit 19, completes the calculating of planning commuting amount, commuting calculates the just control commuting of control unit 19
As a result calculation part 21 according to planning commuting amount and unit commuting data carries out that commuting result is calculated.
In the present embodiment, commuting result is that the commuting amount of each city space unit changes numerical value, commuting amount amplitude of variation
Or commuting time changes numerical value.When the result that commutes is that commuting amount changes numerical value, commuting result calculation part 21 is logical according to planning
Commuting amount in diligent amount and unit commuting data calculates difference to obtain commuting amount variation numerical value；When commuting result is logical
When diligent amount amplitude of variation, commuting result calculation part 21 is calculated according to the commuting amount in planning commuting amount and unit commuting data
Ratio is to obtain commuting amount amplitude of variation；When the result that commutes is that commuting time changes numerical value, commute result calculation part 21
Commuting time variation numerical value is calculated according to preset calculation method, specific calculation method is as follows:
Wherein, TijIt is commuting amount, dijIt is commuting time, j is employment ground, j=(1,2 ..., n), when any one
After the job of j unit (such as Hongqiao business district unit) changes, the commuting amount T of other corresponding unitsijIt is averagely logical
The diligent timeAlso can change,It is that job increases Δ TijAverage commuting time afterwards, by calculating the two
DifferenceObtain the commuting time changing value that job increases front and back.
In the present embodiment, commuting result is commuting amount variation numerical value, commuting amount amplitude of variation or commuting time variation number
One in value, the type of commuting result is determined by presetting.In other embodiments, commuting result can also be simultaneously
Change numerical value comprising commuting amount variation numerical value, commuting amount amplitude of variation or commuting time, thus in the picture as the result is shown that commutes
In allow user select one check.
Picture storage unit 22 is for storing city selection picture, city space picture, layout data input picture and leading to
Diligent picture as the result is shown.
City select picture be used for when user enters urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system 100 display and
The city name in each city allows user to select in the picture.
In the present embodiment, the city name that city selection picture is shown passes through the city stored in unit information storage unit 12
City's acquisition of information.
City space picture is used to after user selects a city show and show in this screen and user's selection
The corresponding city space unit in city allows user to select multiple adjacent city space units as planning simulation context.
In the present embodiment, city map is shown in the picture of city space and is shown on the city map each
The range of city space unit, user can confine a boundary (i.e. planning simulation context) on city map, the boundary
It is exactly the area that user is planned in range.For example, user has confined Shanghai City Hongqiao business district in the present embodiment
Boundary, system has just obtained amounting in Hongqiao business district 67 city space units as user constituency, further at this time
It is shown in layout data input picture.
In other embodiments, user can also click each city space unit on city map, thus in user
All city space units after confirmation by user's selection form a planning simulation context.
Layout data input picture is used to after user determines planning simulation context show and is shown in rule in this screen
The city space unit in simulation context is drawn, user is allowed successively to adjust quantity to each city space unit import employment post.
In the present embodiment, picture is same as the result is shown for city space unit picture, layout data input picture and commuting
Different display portions in one picture, as shown in figure 3, the city space unit in city space unit picture corresponding diagram 3 is aobvious
Show part, show each space cell in the city, user can be by way of clicking space position or dragging
The mode of check box selects city space unit.
In the present embodiment, layout data input picture according to planning simulation context show corresponding city map and
The range of the city space unit shown on the city map, i.e., in the city space unit display portion of Fig. 3 according to simulation model
Enclose the city map of amplification display.If user is after clicking a city space unit or frame selects multiple city space units,
Quantity, such as input " 2.5 " can be adjusted by the toolbar import employment post of lower section, then one of user's selection
Or multiple city space units just will increase 2.5 ten thousand jobs.Similarly, if input " -1.2 ", i.e., in this unit
Reduce by 1.2 ten thousand jobs.It is after each city space unit import employment post adjusts quantity and confirms, to lead in user
Diligent calculating control unit 19 will control corresponding component and carry out work to calculate each city space unit in entire city and become
The commuting amount of change.In addition, then the city is empty when user does not adjust quantity to some city space cell data job
Between unit job adjustment quantity be defaulted as " 0.0 ".
In the present embodiment, layout data input picture also has ACK button, for completing job adjustment in user
Confirmation is after the input of quantity to allow system to start to calculate.
Picture is used to after commuting result is calculated in commuting result calculation part 21 show and in the picture as the result is shown for commuting
Show that commuting result allows user to confirm in face.
In the present embodiment, after the result that commutes is completed to calculate, picture shows the city with user's selection as the result is shown for commuting
The corresponding city map in city, and coloring and data mark are carried out to each city space unit respectively according to commuting result.Most
By treated, city map shows the picture part as the result is shown in Fig. 3 afterwards.
For example, the city that user selects is Shanghai City, planning simulation context is Hongqiao business district, and by 400,000 employment
Post quantity is averagely allocated to 67 neighbourhood committee's units in Hongqiao business district, commuting amount calculation part 20 and commuting result meter
Calculation portion 21 is calculated and obtains commuting result.
When the result that commutes is that commuting amount changes numerical value, the commuting picture that picture is shown as the result is shown is as shown in figure 4, figure
In be user behind Hongqiao business district (big Hongqiao range i.e. in the figure) post that creates more jobs, newly-increased worker source place distribution,
Commuting amount variation numerical value (increasing commuting population i.e. in figure newly) is coloured from shallow to deep by stages according to the order of magnitude at place,
To allow user intuitively to see the variation of each neighbourhood committee's unit commuting amount after job increase.In Fig. 3, from commuting
From the point of view of amount, increases newly in worker, be largely focused within the planned range of Hongqiao business district and surrounding area, increment generally exist
It is more than 1000 people.Within the scope of the 10km of periphery, the estimated increment of employed population is in 100 people to 500 people or so.After 10km range,
Employed population increment is limited, less than 100 people.Illustrate that the Hongqiao business district post that creates more jobs mainly attracts within the scope of the 10km of periphery
Worker.
When the result that commutes is commuting amount amplitude of variation, the commuting picture that picture is shown as the result is shown is as shown in figure 5, logical
Diligent amount amplitude of variation (commute population amplification i.e. in figure) is coloured from shallow to deep by stages according to amplification ratio, to allow
User intuitively sees the variation of each neighbourhood committee's unit commuting amount increasing degree after job increase.In Fig. 4, from increasing
It from the point of view of width, is largely focused in the planned range of Hongqiao business district in newly-increased worker, average each unit employed population increases
Width is more than 50%, and amplification is larger.Central city side due to densely populated, and with the traffic accessibility of Hongqiao business district height, increase newly
Employed population is more, and average amplification is in 2%-10% or so.Therefore in future, the commuting space of central city west side resident will be in
Existing " two-way commuting " feature, wherein side is interior ring core employment area, and the other side is Hongqiao business district.
When the result that commutes is that commuting time changes numerical value, commuting picture is shown as the result is shown picture as shown in fig. 6,
Each neighbourhood committee unit of the commuting time variation numerical value greater than 10 minutes is selected by thick lines frame, so that user be allowed intuitively to check
Related neighbourhood committee's unit that commuting time is greatly reduced, meanwhile, commuting time reduce by a small margin and commuting time by a small margin
Increased neighbourhood committee's unit can also be identified with different colours accordingly.
Input display unit 23 is for showing above-mentioned picture, to allow user that can carry out corresponding people by these pictures
Machine interaction.
Fig. 7 is the flow chart of commuting calculating process in the embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 7, after user enters system, pass sequentially through city selection picture that input display unit 23 is shown and
Urban units show that picture determines city and planning simulation context, then start following steps:
Step S1, input display unit 23 show that layout data input picture allows user to input each city space unit
Job adjusts quantity, then enters step S2 after user's confirmation；
Step S2, commuting calculate control unit 19 and control commuting amount calculation part 20 according to the job inputted in step S1
The residual error commuting model stored in adjustment quantity and the model storage unit 18 that commutes is successively to each in the city of user's selection
The planning commuting amount of city space unit is calculated, subsequently into step S3；
Step S3, it is logical according to the planning calculated in step S2 that commuting calculates the control commuting result calculation part 21 of control unit 19
The unit commuting data stored in diligent amount and cell data storage unit 13 be calculated commuting as a result, subsequently into step
Rapid S4；
Step S4, input display unit 23 display commuting as the result is shown picture and be in this screen that be in step S3 must
To commuting result allow user to check, subsequently into terminate state.
In the present embodiment, after the calculating process that commutes enters end state, user can also be by input display unit 23 again
It is secondary to return to layout data input picture so as to adjust the job adjustment quantity being previously entered, to start again at commuting meter
Calculation process carries out multiple simulation and calculates.
Embodiment action and effect
According to urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system provided in this embodiment, since input display unit shows city
City's selection picture and urban units show that picture allows user to select city and planning simulation context, and according to the planning mould
Quasi- range shows that layout data input picture allows the job adjustment number of each city space unit in user's input range
Amount, therefore user can be allowed accurately to be allocated to job in city.Further, commuting amount calculation part is according in advance
Residual error commuting model, unit commuting data and the job of the user's input adjustment quantity of storage are to each city space
The commuting amount of unit carries out that planning commuting amount is calculated, and is calculated and advised according to the planning commuting amount by commuting result calculation part
It draws as a result, to realize the commuting quantitative change to causing each city space unit to generate by the increase and decrease of job in city
The simulation of change.Urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system of the invention can allow user to be intuitive to see to certain cities
After space cell arranges a certain number of jobs, the commuting amount variation that each city space unit can generate in city, most
User's preferably planning to the distribution of urban employment post is helped eventually.
In embodiment, due to having commuting data analysis acquisition unit, the mobile phone that can be imported to user or obtain in advance
Signaling data is analyzed, therefore can be calculated automatically from city according to the mobile phone signaling data that user inputs corresponding each
The resident of a cellular base station commutes data, and further, commuting data distribution portion is according to precalculating the distribution weight of storage to residence
People's commuting data are allocated, to obtain the unit commuting data of corresponding city space unit.The dependence of solving over
Census or traffic data could obtain the problem not in real time, inaccurate of commuting data.
In embodiment, since the data of cellular base station are distributed to 30 nearest city space units of periphery, keep away
Exempt to be easy to cause cellular base station data that may distribute to mistake when central city city space cell distribution is intensive
City space unit the problem of.
In embodiment, due to using residual error commuting model, much influence commutes but can not be accurate in the model that basic will commute
The factor of acquisition is included in model by way of residual error variable, so that the application of model is stronger, therefore can be accurately
Simulation calculating is carried out to city commuting amount, greatly improves the prediction effect of system.
In embodiment, since commuting result can be commuting amount variation numerical value, commuting amount amplitude of variation or commuting time
Change numerical value, therefore the numerical value that can be needed by allowing user to set in advance, to allow user preferably according to obtained result
Programme is analyzed.
In embodiment, due to realizing the data of respective base station and the data of corresponding neighbourhood committee by setting distribution weight
Conversion, therefore system of the invention can by city space unit subdivision be neighbourhood committee's unit, thus improve carry out resident
Scale when commuting amount is analyzed, solving over can only precision be insufficient asks when the street unit of large scale carries out operation
Topic, so that the result of planning simulation is more accurate.
Above-described embodiment is only used for the specific embodiment illustrated the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned implementations
The description range of example.
For example, city space unit is neighbourhood committee's unit, in urban employment space cloth of the invention in above-described embodiment
In office's optimization auxiliary system, city space unit can also be the street unit divided according to the street range in city, at this time root
Resident's commuting data are distributed into each street unit according to each cellular base station position and obtain street commuting data, into one
Step carries out the calculating of commuting amount.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system based on commuting model, for city space each in city
The commuting amount of unit carries out analysis to assist user to carry out city layout optimization characterized by comprising
Picture storage unit inputs display unit, commuting model storage unit, unit information storage unit, cell data storage unit and leads to
Diligent amount calculation part,
Wherein, the picture storage unit be stored with city selection picture, urban units show picture, layout data input picture with
And data displaying picture,
The commuting model storage unit is stored with the residual error commuting model in the corresponding city,
The unit information storage unit is stored with the cell distribution information of the city space unit,
The cell data storage unit is stored with the unit commuting data of corresponding each city space unit,
The input display unit shows that the city selects picture that user is allowed to select the city as current city, and
The user shows that the urban units show picture and show according to the cell distribution information after selecting the current city
Each city space unit of the current city allows the user to select multiple adjacent city space units as rule
Simulation context is drawn, further shows that the layout data inputs picture and allows institute after the user determines the planning simulation context
It states user and quantity successively is adjusted to each city space unit import employment post in the planning simulation context,
After the user confirms the job adjustment quantity of each city space unit, the commuting meter
Calculation portion just commutes model, job adjustment quantity and unit commuting data to the city according to the residual error
The commuting amount of each city space unit be calculated planning commuting amount,
The commuting result calculation part is according to the planning commuting amount and unit commuting data successively to each city
The variation of the commuting amount of space cell be calculated commuting as a result,
The input display unit display commuting picture and shows that the commuting result allows the user as the result is shown in this screen
Confirmation.
2. the urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system according to claim 1 based on commuting model, feature exist
In, further includes:
Signaling data storage unit, distribution weight storage unit, commuting data analysis acquisition unit and commuting data distribution portion,
Wherein, the signaling data storage unit is stored with the mobile phone signaling number obtained in advance from each cellular base station in the city
According to,
The distribution weight storage unit is stored with each cellular base station and the nearest predetermined quantity in the respective periphery city
The corresponding distribution weight of city's space cell,
The commuting data analysis acquisition unit carries out analysis to the mobile phone signaling data to obtain the departure place for including resident
Resident's commuting data of base station and employment ground base station,
The commuting data distribution portion is set out ground described in successively the resident is commuted in data according to the distribution weight
It stands and employment ground base station is distributed to the city space unit, to obtain the departure place unit and just comprising resident
Industry unit unit commute data,
The cell data storage unit stores unit commuting data.
3. the urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system according to claim 2 based on commuting model, feature exist
In:
Wherein, the predetermined quantity is 30.
4. the urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system according to claim 1 based on commuting model, feature exist
In:
Wherein, the residual error commuting model are as follows:
ln Tij=κi+αi ln Nj+β ln dij+∑kαkD_SEk+εij (1)
In formula, TijCommuting amount between the unit of city space, i indicate that i-th of departure place unit, j indicate that j-th of employment ground is single
Member, NjFor the job quantity of j-th of employment ground unit, dijBetween i-th of departure place unit and j-th of employment ground unit
Commuting cost (the present embodiment use Commuting Distance), αiCoefficient, positive reason are influenced for the job of i-th of departure place unit
Coefficient is positive under condition, βiFor the range attenuation coefficient of i-th of departure place unit, coefficient is negative under normal circumstances, κiGo out for i-th
The constant term of hair ground unit, εijThe residual error of commuting amount between i-th of departure place unit and j-th of employment ground unit.D_SEk
It is the residual error dummy variable of the cluster type of corresponding kth class, k value is [0,1,2,3], D_SEkValue be [0,1], αkIt is phase
The residual error coefficient answered.
5. the urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system according to claim 1 based on commuting model, feature exist
In:
Wherein, it is described commuting result be each city space unit commuting amount change numerical value, commuting amount amplitude of variation or
It is commuting time variation numerical value.
6. the urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system according to claim 1 based on commuting model, feature exist
In:
Wherein, the commuting cost is commuting time or Commuting Distance.
7. the urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system according to claim 1 based on commuting model, feature exist
In:
Wherein, the city space unit is the neighbourhood committee's unit being made of the neighbourhood committee's range divided in the city.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910449882.2A CN110309952B (en) | 2019-05-28 | 2019-05-28 | City employment spatial layout optimization auxiliary system based on commuting model |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910449882.2A CN110309952B (en) | 2019-05-28 | 2019-05-28 | City employment spatial layout optimization auxiliary system based on commuting model |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110309952A true CN110309952A (en) | 2019-10-08 |
| CN110309952B CN110309952B (en) | 2023-03-31 |
Family
ID=68075711
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910449882.2A Active CN110309952B (en) | 2019-05-28 | 2019-05-28 | City employment spatial layout optimization auxiliary system based on commuting model |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110309952B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111063035A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-04-24 | 同济大学 | Three-dimensional visualization method and device for OD relationship in GIS |
| CN111105130A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-05-05 | 同济大学 | Optimal employment post layout site selection decision-making system based on commuting model |
| CN111612223A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-09-01 | 武汉理工大学 | Population employment distribution prediction method and device based on land and traffic multi-source data |
| CN114117578A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2022-03-01 | 同济大学 | Design device for foundation pit enclosure framework scheme |
| CN117808169A (en) * | 2024-01-17 | 2024-04-02 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Urban commute data prediction method, terminal device and storage medium |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107194525A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-09-22 | 同济大学 | A kind of down town appraisal procedure based on mobile phone signaling |
| CN107305590A (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2017-10-31 | 北京市交通信息中心 | A kind of urban transportation trip characteristicses based on mobile phone signaling data determine method |
-
2019
- 2019-05-28 CN CN201910449882.2A patent/CN110309952B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107194525A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-09-22 | 同济大学 | A kind of down town appraisal procedure based on mobile phone signaling |
| CN107305590A (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2017-10-31 | 北京市交通信息中心 | A kind of urban transportation trip characteristicses based on mobile phone signaling data determine method |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| L.DING: "Measuring the employment center system in Shanghai central city ：a study using mobile phone signal data", 《RESEARCHGATE 》 * |
| SIMINI F: "A Universal Model for Mobility and Migration Patterns", 《NATURE》 * |
| 谭文垦: "手机信令数据在县域村镇规划中的适用性研究", 《城市建筑》 * |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111105130A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-05-05 | 同济大学 | Optimal employment post layout site selection decision-making system based on commuting model |
| CN111063035A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-04-24 | 同济大学 | Three-dimensional visualization method and device for OD relationship in GIS |
| CN111612223A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-09-01 | 武汉理工大学 | Population employment distribution prediction method and device based on land and traffic multi-source data |
| CN111612223B (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2023-05-02 | 武汉理工大学 | Population employment distribution prediction method and device based on land and traffic multisource data |
| CN114117578A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2022-03-01 | 同济大学 | Design device for foundation pit enclosure framework scheme |
| CN117808169A (en) * | 2024-01-17 | 2024-04-02 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Urban commute data prediction method, terminal device and storage medium |
| CN117808169B (en) * | 2024-01-17 | 2024-05-07 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Urban commute data prediction method, terminal device and storage medium |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110309952B (en) | 2023-03-31 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110309952A (en) | A kind of urban employment spatial configuration optimal auxiliary system based on commuting model | |
| CN103632212B (en) | System and method for predicating time-varying user dynamic equilibrium network-evolved passenger flow | |
| CN104508507B (en) | The self-adaption cluster of position | |
| CN109978224B (en) | Method for analyzing and acquiring traffic trip rates of buildings with different properties | |
| CN105354267B (en) | The method for realizing polymorphic type programme " more rule unifications " Electronic approval | |
| CN109308546A (en) | Passenger's bus trip get-off stop prediction technique and system | |
| CN107038259A (en) | A kind of operational method and its system for constructing traffic network data | |
| CN106408984B (en) | Urban traffic flow induction system based on Internet of things | |
| CN109492950A (en) | One kind can meet big regional scope space saturation load forecasting method based on GIS technology | |
| CN107784012A (en) | A kind of update method and device of numerical map point of interest | |
| CN103235816A (en) | Automatic setting method and system for bus lines | |
| CN109741626A (en) | Parking situation prediction technique, dispatching method and system | |
| CN106651027A (en) | Internet regular bus route optimization method based on social network | |
| CN105489053A (en) | Establishment method for parallel parking system based on ACP method | |
| CN106875734A (en) | A kind of method and device for pushing parking route | |
| CN111612223B (en) | Population employment distribution prediction method and device based on land and traffic multisource data | |
| CN110288125B (en) | Commuting model establishing method based on mobile phone signaling data and application | |
| CN107895392B (en) | Time map drawing method | |
| CN113821547A (en) | Rapid and efficient short-term parking lot occupancy prediction method and system and storage medium | |
| CN111861397A (en) | Intelligent scheduling platform for client visit | |
| CN107527502A (en) | Road traffic is calculated using mobile phone mobile data to be obstructed coefficient method and system | |
| CN112084433A (en) | Method for carrying out drought resisting operation of artificially influencing weather according to regional division | |
| CN109583708B (en) | Method for establishing multi-agent microscopic traffic distribution model | |
| JP3911225B2 (en) | Area division system | |
| CN115049158B (en) | Method, system, storage medium and terminal for predicting running state of urban system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |