CN110309613B - Design and optimization method of tunnel excavation step method based on BIM - Google Patents

Design and optimization method of tunnel excavation step method based on BIM Download PDF

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CN110309613B
CN110309613B CN201910615478.8A CN201910615478A CN110309613B CN 110309613 B CN110309613 B CN 110309613B CN 201910615478 A CN201910615478 A CN 201910615478A CN 110309613 B CN110309613 B CN 110309613B
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姜谙男
李飞扬
高建新
赵龙国
吴洪涛
申发义
焦明伟
段龙梅
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Abstract

The invention discloses a design and optimization method of a tunnel excavation step method based on BIM, which comprises the steps of firstly defining an integrated expression method of a Building Information Model (BIM) excavated by the tunnel step method, establishing a parameterized model family library for completely expressing tunnel construction information, secondly establishing and solving the optimization problem of excavation footage and support parameters on the basis of the parameterized model family library, obtaining the quantified optimized footage and support parameters, and finally coupling the optimization algorithm with a finite element and the BIM integrated information model to realize information transmission, storage and visual display.

Description

Design and optimization method of tunnel excavation step method based on BIM
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tunnel excavation method, in particular to a design and optimization method of a tunnel excavation step method based on BIM.
Background
The tunnel is a hidden project excavated and constructed in a geologic body, the safety of the tunnel construction process is influenced by a plurality of factors including geological information, a supporting scheme and excavation footage, the geological information is often uncertain before excavation, the blindness of the preset excavation footage and the supporting scheme is also caused, and if the construction information is improperly processed, a plurality of tunnel construction disasters and supporting cost waste are possibly caused.
The bench method is the most widely used excavation method at present. The tunnel step method construction is an informationized dynamic adjustment process, the dynamic optimization of the construction scheme mainly comprises the optimization of excavation footage and support parameters, and the optimization aims to improve the construction efficiency and reduce the cost as much as possible on the basis of safety. Essentially this involves the tunnel construction mechanics analysis and optimization problem. The tunnel construction process relates to a tunnel space excavation structure and a large amount of abstract complex information, and the problems of how to realize the visual expression of tunnel construction and how to quantitatively optimize footage and supporting parameters are to be solved and have important significance. The current tunnel construction scheme adjustment decision mostly depends on empirical analogy and qualitative analysis, which is limited to the information technology level.
BIM (Building Information Modeling) is a leading-edge technology of civil and architectural engineering and has strong advantages in the aspects of complex Information integration and Information visualization expression. However, the BIM model is mainly limited to the field of construction at present, and only a few of BIM models relate to a tunnel structure. The tunnel construction support scheme decision needs to be capable of completely expressing the geologic body, the support structure and the excavated body, and similar complete BIM models and the BIM technology for analyzing and optimizing the tunnel stability are not reported. The current BIM technology also lacks the expression grammar of basic tunnel components, and restricts the BIM model and application of tunnel construction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a design and optimization method of a tunnel excavation step method based on BIM (building information modeling), which comprises the steps of firstly establishing an integrated expression method of a Building Information Model (BIM) excavated by the tunnel step method, not only establishing a tunnel model parameterized family library for completely expressing a geologic body, a supporting structure and an excavated body, but also storing geological information, monitoring information and supporting information of tunnel construction as attribute parameters of the BIM model family library; and secondly, establishing and solving an optimization problem of the current construction based on the model to obtain optimized construction parameters, and finally using the parameters for adjustment and display of the current construction.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a design and optimization method for a tunnel step excavation method based on BIM is characterized by comprising the following steps
S1: building a BIM component extension library for the step-method tunnel construction, and building a parameterized tunnel structure member family library;
s2: establishing a current BIM integrated model for the step method tunnel construction according to the construction requirements and current parameters;
s3: converting the BIM integrated model into a finite element calculation file, and establishing an optimization problem with the step method tunnel construction parameters as optimization variables;
s4: solving the optimization problem defined in the previous step, writing the optimized step method tunnel construction parameters into the BIM integrated model established in the step S2, and performing visual display;
s5: dynamically adjusting the step-method tunnel construction according to the step-method tunnel construction parameters obtained by the solution in the previous step, and returning to the step S2; until the step tunnel construction is completed.
Preferably, the geometric entities established by the BIM component expansion library in the step S1 are classified into three types, including a geologic body component, a supporting structure component and a block excavation body component.
Preferably, the BIM component extension library and the BIM integration model satisfy the IFC format.
Preferably, the attribute parameters of the geologic body assembly include surrounding rock parameters, groundwater and burial depth; the supporting structure component comprises a lining outline, lining thickness and anchoring parameters; the block excavation body assembly comprises a step block size and a step footage.
Preferably, the current parameters in step S2 include surrounding rock parameters and underground water conditions.
Preferably, in the optimization problem in the step S3, the optimization variables are tunnel excavation footage, lining thickness, anchor rod diameter, anchor rod length, and anchor rod spacing; the upper and lower interval values of each optimized variable are optimized constraints; the optimization constraint also comprises displacement of the key points of the surrounding rocks and unit safety indexes of the key points of the surrounding rocks; the construction cost and the construction time of the tunnel surrounding rock with the unit linear meter length are unified in magnitude and then are added to serve as an adaptive value function
Figure BDA0002123781980000021
Wherein T is the calculated construction time per linear meter, M is the calculated cost per linear meter, T is the maximum construction time per linear meter of the current engineering unit, and M is the maximum construction time per linear meter of the current engineering unit.
Preferably, the method for solving the upper optimization problem in step S4 is a particle swarm algorithm, and includes the following steps
S41: initializing particle swarm parameters; the particle swarm parameters comprise the swarm size and the iteration times, and individual boundary conditions in the particle swarm algorithm are established according to the interval range of each variable;
s42: randomly generating an ith (i is from 1 to a set maximum value) generation population, calling a finite element model converted by a BIM (building information modeling) model for each particle to calculate to obtain displacement of key points of surrounding rocks in the particle and unit safety indexes of the key points of the surrounding rocks, comparing the displacement with an alert value of a safety criterion, and eliminating the particles exceeding the alert value;
s43: calculating the construction cost and the construction time of the tunnel surrounding rock with the unit linear meter length, and adding the unified magnitude as an adaptive value function;
s44: selecting an ith generation of best particle pbest and all iteration step best particles gbest;
s45: judging whether the stopping criterion is met, if not, iterating to generate new particles; if the suspension criterion is met, outputting the optimal particles and completing the solution of the optimization problem.
Preferably, in step S45, the iterative formula for generating new particles is
Figure BDA0002123781980000031
Figure BDA0002123781980000032
Wherein i = 1-m, m is the population size of the particle, d = 1-n, n is the dimension of the particle, k is the number of iterations,
Figure BDA0002123781980000033
the moving speed of the ith particle in the k iteration step,
Figure BDA0002123781980000034
the spatial position of the movement of the ith particle in the kth iteration step; c. C 1 And c 2 Is a positive constant, rand 1 And rand 2 Is a random number between 0 and 1, pbest, independent of each other i Is the most elegant particle in the ith generation, gbest is the most elegant particle in all current iteration steps, w i Is the momentum term coefficient.
According to the technical scheme, the integrated expression method of the Building Information Model (BIM) excavated by the tunnel step method is defined, a parameterized model family library for completely expressing tunnel construction information is created, the optimization problem of excavation footage and support parameters is established and solved on the basis of the parameterized model family library, the quantified optimization footage and support parameters are obtained, and finally the optimization algorithm is coupled with the finite element and the BIM integrated information model to realize information transmission, storage and visual display. Therefore, the method has the remarkable characteristics of fully displaying the tunnel construction information data and providing scientific decision assistance for tunnel construction.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a particle swarm optimization process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the optimization algorithm coupled to a finite element, BIM integrated information model in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a footage parameter entry view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a 3-dimensional view of a BIM integrated information model in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, in order to clearly illustrate the structure of the present invention and to facilitate explanation, it should be understood that the structure shown in the drawings is not drawn to general scale and is partially enlarged, modified or simplified, so that the present invention is not limited thereto.
In the following embodiments of the present invention, please refer to fig. 1 to 3, fig. 1 is a flowchart of the method of the present invention, fig. 2 is a particle swarm optimization flow of the present invention, and fig. 3 is a flowchart of the optimization algorithm coupled with a finite element and BIM integrated information model of the present invention. As can be seen in the figures,
a design and optimization method of a tunnel excavation step method based on BIM is characterized by comprising the following steps
S1: and (4) building a BIM component extension library for the step-method tunnel construction, and building a parameterized tunnel structure member family library.
The geometric entities built in the BIM component expansion library are divided into three types, including a geological body component, a supporting structure component and a block excavation body component. The BIM component extension library satisfies the IFC format.
The attribute parameters of the geologic body assembly comprise surrounding rock parameters, groundwater and burial depth; the supporting structure component comprises a lining outline, lining thickness and anchoring parameters; the block excavation body assembly comprises a step block size and a step footage.
Building BIM components using the EXPRESS language.
S2: and establishing a current BIM integrated model for the step-method tunnel construction according to the construction requirements and the current parameters.
The BIM integration model satisfies IFC format. The current parameters comprise surrounding rock parameters, underground water conditions, surrounding rock parameters and underground water conditions. And (3) adopting an object-oriented parameterized modeling method, endowing tunnel dynamic construction information to the BIM assembly by using REVIT modeling software in a mode of adding custom attribute parameters, and constructing the current BIM integrated model.
S3: and converting the BIM integrated model into a finite element calculation file, and establishing an optimization problem by taking the step method tunnel construction parameters as optimization variables.
In the optimization problem, the optimization variables are tunnel excavation footage, lining thickness, anchor rod diameter, anchor rod length and anchor rod spacing; the upper and lower interval values of each optimized variable are optimized constraints; the optimization constraint also comprises displacement of the key points of the surrounding rock and unit safety indexes of the key points of the surrounding rock; the construction cost and the construction time of the tunnel surrounding rock with the unit linear meter length are unified in magnitude and then are added to serve as an adaptive value function
Figure BDA0002123781980000051
Wherein T is the calculated construction time per linear meter, M is the calculated cost per linear meter, T is the maximum construction time per linear meter of the current engineering unit, and M is the maximum construction time per linear meter of the current engineering unit.
The step of converting the BIM integrated model into a finite element calculation file comprises
S31: exporting the three-dimensional entity model and the attributes generated by Revit into a file;
s32: and selecting a file in a menu bar in the main interface of the ABAQUS through an interface program, namely importing the file. Returning to a material attribute module of ABAQUS software by referring to the file to assign material attributes to the entity model of the tunnel excavation part;
s33: and (5) performing mesh generation on the tunnel model.
S34: and (4) establishing an analysis step, adding loads and setting each constraint, and performing calculation analysis.
S4: and solving the optimization problem defined in the previous step, writing the optimized step method tunnel construction parameters into the BIM integrated model established in the step S2, and performing visual display.
The method for solving the optimization problem is a particle swarm algorithm and comprises the following steps
S41: initializing particle swarm parameters; the particle swarm parameters comprise the swarm scale and the iteration times, and individual boundary conditions in the particle swarm algorithm are established according to the interval range of each variable;
s42: randomly generating an ith (i is from 1 to a set maximum value) generation population, calling a finite element model converted by a BIM (building information model) for each particle to calculate to obtain the displacement of the key points of the surrounding rock in the particle and the unit safety indexes of the key points of the surrounding rock, comparing the displacement with the warning value of the safety criterion, and eliminating the particles exceeding the warning value;
s43: calculating the construction cost and the construction time of the tunnel surrounding rock with the unit linear meter length, and adding the unified magnitude as an adaptive value function;
s44: selecting an ith generation of best particle pbest and all iteration step best particles gbest;
s45: judging whether the stopping criterion is met, if not, iterating to generate new particles; if the suspension criterion is met, outputting the optimal particles and completing the solution of the optimization problem.
The iterative formula for generating new particles is
Figure BDA0002123781980000061
Figure BDA0002123781980000062
Wherein i = 1-m, m is the population size of the particle, d = 1-n, n is the dimension of the particle, k is the number of iterations,
Figure BDA0002123781980000063
the moving speed of the ith particle in the k iteration step,
Figure BDA0002123781980000064
the spatial position of the movement of the ith particle in the kth iteration step; c. C 1 And c 2 Is a positive constant, rand 1 And rand 2 Is a random number between 0 and 1, pbest, independent of each other i Is the most elegant particle in the ith generation, gbest is the most elegant particle in all current iteration steps, w i Is the momentum term coefficient.
S5: dynamically adjusting the step method tunnel construction according to the step method tunnel construction parameters obtained by the solution in the previous step, and returning to the step S2; and finishing the step method tunnel construction.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered as the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A design and optimization method of a tunnel excavation step method based on BIM is characterized by comprising the following steps
S1: building a BIM component extension library for the step-method tunnel construction, and building a parameterized tunnel structure member family library;
s2: establishing a current BIM integrated model for the step method tunnel construction according to the construction requirements and current parameters;
s3: converting the BIM integrated model into a finite element calculation file, and establishing an optimization problem by taking the step method tunnel construction parameters as optimization variables;
s4: solving the optimization problem defined in the previous step, writing the optimized step method tunnel construction parameters into the BIM integrated model established in the step S2, and performing visual display;
s5: dynamically adjusting the step-method tunnel construction according to the step-method tunnel construction parameters obtained by the solution in the previous step, and returning to the step S2; until the step tunnel construction is completed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the geometric entities built in the BIM module expansion library in the step S1 are classified into three types, including geological body modules, supporting structure modules and block excavation body modules.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the BIM component extension library and BIM integration model satisfy IFC format.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the attribute parameters of the geologic body assembly include a wall rock parameter, groundwater, and burial depth; the supporting structure component comprises a lining outline, lining thickness and anchoring parameters; the block excavation body assembly comprises a step block size and a step footage.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the current parameters in step S2 include surrounding rock parameters, groundwater conditions.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the optimization problem in step S3, the optimization variables are tunnel excavation footage, lining thickness, anchor diameter, anchor length, and anchor spacing; the upper and lower interval values of each optimized variable are optimized constraints; the optimization constraint also comprises displacement of the key points of the surrounding rock and unit safety indexes of the key points of the surrounding rock; the construction cost and the construction time of the tunnel surrounding rock with the unit linear meter length are unified in magnitude and then added to serve as an adaptive value function.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method for solving the upper optimization problem in step S4 is a particle swarm optimization, comprising the following steps
S41: initializing particle swarm parameters; the particle swarm parameters comprise the swarm size and the iteration times, and individual boundary conditions in the particle swarm algorithm are established according to the interval range of each variable;
s42: randomly generating an ith (i is from 1 to a set maximum value) generation population, calling a finite element model converted by a BIM (building information model) for each particle to calculate to obtain the displacement of the key points of the surrounding rock in the particle and the unit safety indexes of the key points of the surrounding rock, comparing the displacement with the warning value of the safety criterion, and eliminating the particles exceeding the warning value;
s43: calculating the construction cost and the construction time of the tunnel surrounding rock with the unit linear meter length, normalizing and adding the surrounding rock as an adaptive value function
Figure FDA0002123781970000021
Wherein T is the calculated construction time per linear meter, M is the calculated cost per linear meter, T is the maximum construction time per linear meter of the current engineering unit, and M is the maximum construction time per linear meter of the current engineering unit;
s44: selecting an ith generation elegance particle pbest and all iterative step elegance particles gbest;
s45: judging whether the stopping criterion is met, if not, iterating to generate new particles; if the suspension criterion is met, outputting the optimal particles and completing the solution of the optimization problem.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein in step S45, the iterative formula for generating new particles is
Figure FDA0002123781970000022
Figure FDA0002123781970000023
Wherein i = 1-m, m is the population size of the particle, d = 1-n, n is the dimension of the particle, k is the number of iterations,
Figure FDA0002123781970000024
when the k iteration step is performed, the ith particleThe speed at which the sub-moves is,
Figure FDA0002123781970000025
the spatial position of the movement of the ith particle in the kth iteration step; c. C 1 And c 2 Is a positive constant, rand 1 And rand 2 Is a random number between 0 and 1, pbest, independent of each other i Is the most elegant particle in the ith generation, gbest is the most elegant particle in all current iteration steps, w i Is the momentum term coefficient.
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CN111125827A (en) * 2020-02-28 2020-05-08 中国十七冶集团有限公司 Loess tunnel earthwork excavation and supporting method based on BIM technology
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