CN110308002A - A kind of municipal rail train suspension method for diagnosing faults based on ground detection - Google Patents
A kind of municipal rail train suspension method for diagnosing faults based on ground detection Download PDFInfo
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- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of municipal rail train suspension method for diagnosing faults based on ground detection, it include: to utilize SIMPACK vehicle dynamics simulation software and ABAQUS finite element analysis software, construct the Rigid-flexible Coupling Model of Wheel Rail Contact, the transfer law for analyzing the power that train vibration generates obtains laying acceleration sensor solution in track；According to SIMPACK vehicle dynamics simulation software calculated result, in conjunction with Wheel Rail Contact Rigid-flexible Coupling Model in train operation when corresponding signal situation of change, verify the reasonability that track lays acceleration sensor solution, it calculates sensor and lays interval and measurement error, train fault simulation model is constructed, obtains the laying rule of sensor；Acceleration transducer is laid in track two sides, wheel track vibration acceleration signal is acquired, acceleration signal is handled, the detection of train suspension system failure is realized using time frequency analysis and spectrum Zoom Analysis Method.The present invention can also reduce the cost of detection while accurately detecting suspension failure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to municipal rail train suspension fault diagnosis technology fields more particularly to a kind of based on ground detection
Municipal rail train suspension method for diagnosing faults.
Background technique
With the continuous expansion of China's municipal rail train construction scale, the safety and comfort of train operation also proposed
Higher requirement.Suspension is capable of the load of bearing body and bogie as the critical component for ensureing safe train operation,
Play the role of buffering to Vehicular vibration caused by the factors such as track irregularity, car body self weight and wheel-rail impact.It therefore, is guarantee
Train smooth and safe operation, it is very necessary for carrying out timely and effectively safety detection to train suspension system.
Currently, for train suspension system fault diagnosis research method there are mainly three types of, i.e., method, base based on model
Method in knowledge and the method based on data-driven.
The mathematical model for establishing system using existing knowledge based on the method for diagnosing faults of mathematical model, by the defeated of system
Enter and pass to mathematical model simultaneously with output, according to the residual error of certain criterion and demand construction system, is reached by analyzing residual error
To the purpose of fault detection, separation and identification.Method based on analytic modell analytical model can be divided into method for estimating state, parameter Estimation again
Method and three kinds of Parity space approach.
Knowledge based engineering method for diagnosing faults does not need the mathematical models of diagnosis object, while being different from based on signal
The method of processing introduces many-sided information of diagnosis object, especially the experience of related fields expert can be made full use of to know
Know, this method is suitble to the fault diagnosis of off-line system.It with the enlargement increasingly of modern system, complicates, Knowledge based engineering event
Barrier diagnostic method obtains enough attention and achieves a large amount of research achievement.Common Knowledge based engineering method has based on special
Method, the method based on fuzzy reasoning, the method based on pattern-recognition and the method based on neuroid etc. of family's system.
Method for diagnosing faults based on data-driven directly utilizes signal model, such as correlation function, high-order statistic, or
Person extracts fault signature from signal, reaches fault detection by spectrum analysis, regression process and wavelet analysis technology means
With the purpose of diagnosis.Method for diagnosing faults based on multi-variate statistical analysis is exactly wherein most representative one kind.Such methods
Using multivariate projection method by the sample space of multivariable resolve by the relatively low-dimensional of pivot variable projection subspace and
One corresponding residual error subspace, and the statistic of reflection spatial variations is configured in the two spaces respectively, then will
Observation vector calculates corresponding statistics figureofmerit and is used for process monitoring respectively to the two subspace projections.Such methods are logical
The frequently referred to method for diagnosing faults of data-driven.
Based on above-mentioned method for diagnosing faults, existing research also achieves many wounds in vehicle suspension system fault detection
New property achievement, wherein the method for diagnosing faults based on data-driven is in recent years using more universal one kind, in signal
In acquisition process, it is all based on mobile unit progress greatly, i.e., lays corresponding sensor on car body or bogie, obtains vehicle
Vibration signal in operational process, each car body for being limited in that vehicle and bogie of this method will carry out sensor
Laying, the cost of detection can improve.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment provides a kind of municipal rail train suspension method for diagnosing faults based on ground detection, with
It overcomes the deficiencies of existing technologies.
To achieve the goals above, this invention takes following technical solutions.
A kind of municipal rail train suspension method for diagnosing faults based on ground detection, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: utilizing SIMPACK vehicle dynamics simulation software and ABAQUS finite element analysis software, building wheel track connects
The Rigid-flexible Coupling Model of touching calculates wheel-rail contact force and track vibration acceleration using SIMPACK, and analysis train vibration generates
The transfer law of power obtains laying acceleration sensor solution in track according to the transfer law of power；
Step 2: according to SIMPACK vehicle dynamics simulation software calculated result, in conjunction with the hard and soft coupling of the Wheel Rail Contact
Corresponding signal situation of change when train operation in molding type verifies the reasonability that the track lays acceleration sensor solution,
It calculates sensor and lays interval and measurement error, construct train fault simulation model, obtain the laying rule of sensor；
Step 3: acceleration transducer being laid in track two sides according to the laying rule of the sensor, acquires Wheel Rail Vibration
Acceleration signal handles the acceleration signal, realizes that train is hung using time frequency analysis and spectrum Zoom Analysis Method
The detection of the system failure.
Preferably, the transfer law for the power that the analysis train vibration generates is obtained according to the transfer law of power in track
Acceleration sensor solution is laid, specifically:
1) analysis weight transfer sequence: the weight of vehicle body upper portion --- secondary spring suspension arrangement --- steering structure
Frame --- journal box spring suspension arrangement --- wheel pair --- rail；
2) analysis cross force transmitting: rail --- wheel pair --- two system's bullet of axle-box positioning device --- bogie frame ---
Spring suspension arrangement --- vehicle body bottom frame --- car body；
When wheel is through track irregularity, wheel generates a upward normal acceleration
When not having spring vibration damper, snap action is exerted oneself
When having spring vibration damper, snap action is exerted oneself
Q is wheel load, and q is unsprung mass；The deformation quantity of track when z is Wheel Rail Contact, g is acceleration of gravity, g=9.8m/
s2, k is the rigidity of spring, and h is track irregularity value；
The case where according to the transfer law of above-mentioned power and Wheel Rail Contact instantaneous force, obtains laying track sensing in track
Device scheme.
Preferably, described to utilize SIMPACK vehicle dynamics simulation software and ABAQUS finite element analysis software, building wheel
The Rigid-flexible Coupling Model of rail contact calculates wheel-rail contact force and track vibration acceleration using SIMPACK, comprising:
Flexible rail model is established in ABAQUS finite element analysis software, D selects one at a certain distance for wheel track upper surface
A reference point, total n/2 point, using this n+n/2 point as main section are selected every 2D in reference point, total n point, wheel track lower surface
Point retains 6 freedom degrees of node, wherein D is spacing distance, and n is natural number, and flexible rail model is imported SIMPACK mould
Type realizes building wheel track Rigid-flexible Coupling Model, the calculating of contact force and vibration acceleration is carried out in SIMPACK.
Preferably, the step 2 includes:
It is obtained according to SIMPACK calculated result, rigidity couples the contact force of wheel track two sides in x, and y, the direction z is invariable
, and in Coupled Rigid-flexible modeling, with the operation of train, the body oscillating as caused by track excitation, wheel-rail contact force can be
The direction x, y, z generates apparent fluctuation, when train suspension system components break down, corresponding signal intensity situation are as follows:
--- component dynamic parameters change --- change of dynamics of vehicle response characteristic --- dynamics to dynamics unit failure
Response signal；
Train fault diagnosis based on ground detection, needs to measure train in the process of running, the vertical acceleration on track
Degree, sensor consider the error that measurement is measured with the size of running velocity when laying,
Wherein, f=1000Hz, vact=30m/s；
It can thus be appreciated that the calculation formula that sensor lays interval is
η indicates measurement error, vactVehicle actual motion speed, vmeaTo measure obtained running velocity；S is sensing
Device spacing distance, C are the threshold value of allowable error, and f is the sample frequency in simulation process；
According to formula, the relationship Trendline that sensor lays interval and measurement error is obtained, by matched curve it is found that surveying
A kind of inversely prroportional relationship is presented in the laying interval of amount error and sensor, according to the pass of measurement error and the laying interval of sensor
System carries out laying experiment, according to fault detection as a result, obtaining optimal sensor lays rule.
Preferably, the step 3 includes:
On the basis of simulation model, acceleration transducer is respectively laid in track two sides, carries out the measurement of acceleration signal,
The tentative diagnosis that the different operating condition of n kind carries out failure is set in simulation process；
Offline integral operation is carried out to simulation model, obtains the result in time domain of above-mentioned n-1 kind fault condition；
Fourier transformation is carried out to vibration acceleration, obtains the frequency-domain result of above-mentioned n-1 kind fault condition；
The time and frequency domain analysis of contrast simulation model is therefore right as a result, distinguishing between each operating condition without apparent feature
Model carries out the refinement analysis of the spectrum based on Fourier transformation and based on chirp z transform；
Spectrum refinement analysis result by Fourier transformation and based on chirp z transform it is found that different operating condition Fourier
Conversion spectrum refinement analysis is identical with the analytical effect of chirp z transform, and Fourier of the fault condition compared with nominal situation becomes
Change amplitude and chirp z transform amplitude and have apparent bigger than normal, fault condition and normal can be distinguished by spectrum refinement analysis
Operating condition realizes the detection of train suspension system failure.
As can be seen from the technical scheme provided by the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, one kind of the embodiment of the present invention is examined based on ground
The municipal rail train suspension method for diagnosing faults of survey is detected when train passes through by laying acceleration transducer in track
Wheel Rail Vibration acceleration signal, is acquired vibration acceleration signal, and then by the processing to signal, realizes train suspension
The fault diagnosis of system recycles SIMPACK vehicle dynamics simulation software, in conjunction with ABAQUS finite element analysis software, realizes
The Coupled Rigid-flexible of Wheel Rail Contact models, and on this basis, proposes the laying rule and method of sensor, and utilize the vibration of acquisition
Acceleration signal is realized the detection of suspension failure using Time-Frequency Analysis Method and spectrum Zoom Analysis Method, verifies modeling side
The reasonability of method.Compared with the fault diagnosis technology based on mobile unit, the present invention is accurately detecting suspension failure
The cost of detection can also be reduced simultaneously.
The additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will be set forth in part in the description, these will become from the following description
Obviously, or practice through the invention is recognized.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, required use in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill of field, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings others
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of municipal rail train suspension method for diagnosing faults based on ground detection provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is elastic track model and sensor layout position illustration；
Fig. 3 is wheel track Coupled Rigid-flexible schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 rigid track and flexible rail wheel-rail contact force comparison diagram；
Fig. 5 municipal rail train wheel track Rigid-Flexible Coupling Simulation whole vehicle model schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 sensor lays spacing and measurement error relation schematic diagram；
Municipal rail train fault simulation platform schematic diagram of the Fig. 7 based on ground detection；
The time-domain analysis result schematic diagram of Fig. 8 under normal circumstances；
1 time-domain analysis result schematic diagram of Fig. 9 failure；
2 time-domain analysis result schematic diagram of Figure 10 failure；
3 time-domain analysis result schematic diagram of Figure 11 failure；
4 time-domain analysis result schematic diagram of Figure 12 failure；
5 time-domain analysis result schematic diagram of Figure 13 failure；
6 time-domain analysis result schematic diagram of Figure 14 failure；
1 frequency-domain analysis result schematic diagram of Figure 15 failure；
2 frequency-domain analysis result schematic diagram of Figure 16 failure；
3 frequency-domain analysis result schematic diagram of Figure 17 failure；
4 frequency-domain analysis result schematic diagram of Figure 18 failure；
5 frequency-domain analysis result schematic diagram of Figure 19 failure；
6 frequency-domain analysis result schematic diagram of Figure 20 failure；
Figure 21 failure 1 and nominal situation contrast schematic diagram；
Figure 22 failure 2 and nominal situation contrast schematic diagram；
Figure 23 failure 3 and nominal situation contrast schematic diagram；
Figure 24 failure 4 and nominal situation contrast schematic diagram；
Figure 25 failure 5 and nominal situation contrast schematic diagram；
Figure 26 failure 6 and nominal situation contrast schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are described below in detail, the example of the embodiment is shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein from beginning
Same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions are indicated to same or similar label eventually.Below by ginseng
The embodiment for examining attached drawing description is exemplary, and for explaining only the invention, and is not construed as limiting the claims.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless expressly stated, singular " one " used herein, " one
It is a ", " described " and "the" may also comprise plural form.It is to be further understood that being arranged used in specification of the invention
Diction " comprising " refer to that there are the feature, integer, step, operation, element and/or component, but it is not excluded that in the presence of or addition
Other one or more features, integer, step, operation, element, component and/or their group.It should be understood that when we claim member
Part is " connected " or when " coupled " to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to other elements, or there may also be
Intermediary element.In addition, " connection " used herein or " coupling " may include being wirelessly connected or coupling.Wording used herein
"and/or" includes one or more associated any cells for listing item and all combinations.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technology art
Language and scientific term) there is meaning identical with the general understanding of those of ordinary skill in fields of the present invention.Should also
Understand, those terms such as defined in the general dictionary, which should be understood that, to be had and the meaning in the context of the prior art
The consistent meaning of justice, and unless defined as here, it will not be explained in an idealized or overly formal meaning.
In order to facilitate understanding of embodiments of the present invention, it is done by taking several specific embodiments as an example below in conjunction with attached drawing further
Explanation, and each embodiment does not constitute the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of municipal rail train suspension method for diagnosing faults based on ground detection is such as schemed
Shown in 1, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: utilizing SIMPACK vehicle dynamics simulation software and ABAQUS finite element analysis software, building wheel track connects
The Rigid-flexible Coupling Model of touching calculates wheel-rail contact force and track vibration acceleration using SIMPACK, and analysis train vibration generates
The transfer law of power obtains laying acceleration sensor solution in track according to the transfer law of power.
Since vehicle-mounted detection device will cause the raising of testing cost, so according to vibration signal in train travelling process
Transfer law proposes a kind of method based on ground detection, the transfer law for the power that analysis train vibration generates, according to the biography of power
Rule is passed, obtains laying acceleration sensor solution in track.
Train in the process of running, due to the influence of track irregularity equal excitation, can generate phase on each component of suspension
The power answered.The transmittance process of its power are as follows:
(1) weight transfer sequence: the weight of vehicle body upper portion --- secondary spring suspension arrangement --- bogie frame ---
Journal box spring suspension arrangement (single stage suspension) --- wheel pair --- rail
(2) cross force, which is transmitted: rail --- takes turns pair --- axle-box positioning device --- bogie frame --- secondary spring
Suspension arrangement --- vehicle body bottom frame --- car body
When wheel is through track irregularity (h is less than or equal to 10mm), wheel generates a upward normal acceleration
When not having spring vibration damper, snap action is exerted oneself
When having spring vibration damper, snap action is exerted oneself
Q is wheel load, and q is unsprung mass；
The deformation quantity of track when z is Wheel Rail Contact, g is acceleration of gravity, g=9.8m/s2, k is the rigidity of spring, and h is
Track irregularity value；
The transfer law of above-mentioned power shows under the effect of vehicle suspension system, the feelings of Wheel Rail Contact instantaneous force
Thus condition obtains laying the feasibility of rail sensor scheme in track.
Premise based on ground detection is that detection devices, the acquisitions such as laying sensor in orbit are transmitted on track
Power, when carrying out multi-body dynamics modeling due to SIMPACK, the vibration signal acquired on track is ineffective, and therefore, it is necessary to have
Finite element analysis software establishes elastic track model.Flexible rail model, wheel track are established in ABAQUS finite element analysis software first
A reference point is selected every 0.3m in upper surface, totally 80 points, and a reference point is selected every 0.6m in wheel track lower surface, totally 40 points,
Using this 120 points as host node, retain 6 freedom degrees of node, the installation position and Coupled Rigid-flexible modeling result of sensor
As shown in Figure 2.Flexible rail model is imported into SIMPACK model, wheel track Coupled Rigid-flexible is realized, is contacted in SIMPACK
The calculating of power and vibration acceleration.It can be seen that flexible rail has apparent deformation in SIMPACK software.It is counted using SIMPACK
It is as shown in Figure 3 to calculate wheel-rail contact force, it is found that apparent fluctuation such as Fig. 4 occur in Coupled Rigid-flexible modeling front and back, wheel-rail contact force
Shown, finally, completing building for Coupled Rigid-flexible whole vehicle model in SIMPACK, the three-view diagram of modeling result is as shown in Figure 5.Afterwards
Continuous research will carry out the emulation of different operating conditions on the basis of the model, realize the fault diagnosis of suspension.
Step 2: according to SIMPACK vehicle dynamics simulation software calculated result, in conjunction with the hard and soft coupling of the Wheel Rail Contact
Corresponding signal situation of change when train operation in molding type verifies the reasonability that the track lays acceleration sensor solution,
It calculates sensor and lays interval and measurement error, construct train fault simulation model, obtain the laying rule of sensor.
In detection based on mobile unit, influence very little of the wheel track rigid contact to onboard sensor, so rigid contact
Wheel-rail contact force and track vibration acceleration be constant, and be based on ground detection during, need track lay pass
Sensor, this just needs wheel-rail contact force on track and track vibration acceleration is variation, and model meter in the present invention
It calculates the results show that its value is variation.
The input data of SIMPACK dynamics software is the parameter of practical city rail vehicle, and output parameter is wheel-rail contact force
With track vibration acceleration, ABAQUS input data is the parameter of No. 60 rail, output data be finite element analysis posterior nodal point by
Power distribution situation.It is obtained according to SIMPACK calculated result, rigidity couples the contact force of wheel track two sides in x, and y, the direction z is constant
Constant, and in Coupled Rigid-flexible modeling, with the operation of train, the body oscillating as caused by track excitation, wheel-rail contact force
Can be in x, y, the direction z generates apparent fluctuation, when train suspension system components break down, corresponding signal intensity situation
Are as follows: --- component dynamic parameters change --- change of dynamics of vehicle response characteristic --- power to dynamics unit failure
Response signal (speed, acceleration, power etc.) variable quantity is learned, further demonstrates proposition of the present invention in conjunction with SIMPACK calculated result
Ground detection reasonability.
In order to carry out the train fault diagnosis based on ground detection, need to measure train in the process of running, on track
Vertical acceleration, the rule that the present invention lays sensor to track are studied.Sensor considers to run with vehicle when laying
The size of speed measures the error of measurement.
Wherein f=1000Hz, vact=30m/s；
It can thus be appreciated that the calculation formula that sensor lays interval is
η indicates measurement error, vactVehicle actual motion speed, vmeaTo measure obtained running velocity；S is sensing
Device spacing distance, C are the threshold value of allowable error, and f is the sample frequency in simulation process.
According to formula, available sensor lays interval and the relationship Trendline of measurement error is as shown in Figure 6.
By matched curve it is found that a kind of inversely prroportional relationship is presented at the laying interval of measurement error and sensor, but pass
The laying distance of sensor is not to be the bigger the better, and needs laying experiment to be carried out, according to fault detection under the premise of the rule
As a result, laying rule to optimal sensor, Fig. 7 is the train fault emulation platform schematic diagram based on ground detection.
Step 3: acceleration transducer being laid in track two sides according to the laying rule of the sensor, acquires Wheel Rail Vibration
Acceleration signal handles the acceleration signal, realizes that train is hung using time frequency analysis and spectrum Zoom Analysis Method
The detection of the system failure.
On the basis of simulation model, 15 are respectively laid in track two sides based on above-mentioned optimal sensor laying rule and is added
Velocity sensor carries out the measurement of acceleration signal.7 kinds of different operating conditions are set in simulation process and carry out tentatively examining for failure
It is disconnected.Shown in 7 kinds of fault condition tables 1 being arranged.
1 fault condition table of table
| Operating condition | Fault type | Title | Fault degree |
| Normally | ** | ** | 0% |
| Failure 1 | Primary spring (on the right side of trailing bogie) | $F_R_BOGIE_PS_JIANZHEN_FR | 50% |
| Failure 1 | Primary spring (on the left of trailing bogie) | $F_R_BOGIE_PS_JIANZHEN_FL | 50% |
| Failure 3 | One is vertical damping (damping) | $F_F_BOGIE_PS_JIANZHEN | 50% |
| Failure 4 | One is vertical spring (spring) | $F_F_BOGIE_PS_JIANZHEN | 50% |
| Failure 5 | One is vertical spring (spring) | $F_F_BOGIE_PS_JIANZHEN | 25% |
| Failure 6 | One is vertical spring (spring) | $F_F_BOGIE_PS_JIANZHEN | 100% |
Offline integral operation is carried out to simulation model, obtains result in time domain such as Fig. 8 to Figure 14 institute of above-mentioned 6 kinds of fault conditions
Show, wherein abscissa is the time, and unit is ms, and ordinate is acceleration, and unit is m/s2.Fourier is carried out to vibration acceleration
Transformation, obtains the frequency-domain transform result of signal as shown in Figure 15-Figure 20, and wherein abscissa is frequency, and unit is Hz, and ordinate is
Acceleration amplitude, unit are m/s2。
The time-domain analysis of contrast simulation model without apparent feature as a result, distinguishing between each operating condition.Therefore to model into
Spectrum of the row based on Fourier transformation and based on chirp z transform refines analysis.The spectrum of the failure 1 and failure 2 refinement analysis knot
Fruit is as shown in Figure 21, Figure 22, and wherein abscissa is frequency, and unit is Hz, and ordinate is amplitude.
Above two operating condition Fourier transform spectrum refinement analysis and chirp z transform analysis the result shows that, two kinds
Spectrum Zoom Analysis Method be to analytical effect it is identical, therefore, the detection to other four kinds of operating conditions, using be based on Fourier transformation
Spectrum refine analysis, the contrasting detection result of nominal situation and fault condition is as shown in Figure 23 to Figure 26, from the comparison diagram of result
In as can be seen that compared with nominal situation, the Fourier of fault condition change amplitude have it is apparent bigger than normal.
Analysis is refined by above-mentioned spectrum the results show that fault condition and nominal situation can be distinguished by spectrum analysis, is specifically surveyed
It is as shown in table 2 to measure node.
The apparent node statistics table of 2 fault signature of table
| Failure scenario | Spectrum refinement based on FFT | Spectrum refinement based on CZT | Whether fault diagnosis can detect |
| Failure 1 | 1,3,5,7,11,12 | 3,4,5,7,11,12,14,15 | It is |
| Failure 2 | 1,2,3,5,7,12,13,14 | 1,2,3,5,7,8,11,12 | It is |
| Failure 3 | 1,16 | 1,16 | It is |
| Failure 4 | 1,3,5,7,13 | 1,3,5,7,13 | It is |
| Failure 5 | 1,15 | 1,15 | It is |
| Failure 6 | 1,13 | 1,13 | It is |
In conclusion a kind of municipal rail train suspension method for diagnosing faults based on ground detection of the embodiment of the present invention,
It is modeled using wheel track Coupled Rigid-flexible, lays acceleration transducer in orbit, measure vibration acceleration signal when vehicle passes through,
When dynamics unit failure, component dynamic parameters is caused to change, the dynamics of vehicle response characteristic on track changes, from
And dynamic response signal (speed, acceleration, power etc.) is caused to change, by the vibration signal of different responses, can be obtained outstanding
Hang system core component fault condition, ground detection the result shows that, fault condition compared with nominal situation, spectrum refinement analysis
The amplitude of vibration acceleration, which has, afterwards significantly increases.Compared with traditional method for diagnosing faults based on vehicle detection, based on ground
The detection method in face can also reduce the cost of detection while accurately detecting suspension failure.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: attached drawing is the schematic diagram of one embodiment, module in attached drawing or
Process is not necessarily implemented necessary to the present invention.
All the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, same and similar portion between each embodiment
Dividing may refer to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.Especially for device or
For system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, so describing fairly simple, related place is referring to method
The part of embodiment illustrates.Apparatus and system embodiment described above is only schematical, wherein the conduct
The unit of separate part description may or may not be physically separated, component shown as a unit can be or
Person may not be physical unit, it can and it is in one place, or may be distributed over multiple network units.It can root
According to actual need that some or all of the modules therein is selected to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.Ordinary skill
Personnel can understand and implement without creative efforts.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
In the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by anyone skilled in the art,
It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with scope of protection of the claims
Subject to.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of municipal rail train suspension method for diagnosing faults based on ground detection, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: utilizing SIMPACK vehicle dynamics simulation software and ABAQUS finite element analysis software, construct Wheel Rail Contact
Rigid-flexible Coupling Model calculates wheel-rail contact force and track vibration acceleration using SIMPACK, the power that analysis train vibration generates
Transfer law obtains laying acceleration sensor solution in track according to the transfer law of power；
Step 2: according to SIMPACK vehicle dynamics simulation software calculated result, in conjunction with the Coupled Rigid-flexible mould of the Wheel Rail Contact
Corresponding signal situation of change when train operation in type verifies the reasonability that the track lays acceleration sensor solution, calculates
Sensor lays interval and measurement error, constructs train fault simulation model, obtains the laying rule of sensor；
Step 3: acceleration transducer being laid in track two sides according to the laying rule of the sensor, acquisition Wheel Rail Vibration accelerates
Signal is spent, the acceleration signal is handled, realizes train suspension system using time frequency analysis and spectrum Zoom Analysis Method
The detection of failure.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein it is described analysis train vibration generate power transfer law,
According to the transfer law of power, obtain laying acceleration sensor solution in track, specifically:
1) analysis weight transfer sequence: the weight of vehicle body upper portion --- secondary spring suspension arrangement --- bogie frame --- axis
Case spring suspension --- wheel pair --- rail；
2) analysis cross force transmitting: --- --- axle-box positioning device --- bogie frame --- secondary spring is outstanding for wheel pair for rail
Hang device --- vehicle body bottom frame --- car body；
When wheel is through track irregularity, wheel generates a upward normal acceleration
When not having spring vibration damper, snap action is exerted oneself
When having spring vibration damper, snap action is exerted oneself
Q is wheel load, and q is unsprung mass；The deformation quantity of track when z is Wheel Rail Contact, g is acceleration of gravity, g=9.8m/s2, k is
The rigidity of spring, h are track irregularity value；
The case where according to the transfer law of above-mentioned power and Wheel Rail Contact instantaneous force, obtains laying rail sensor side in track
Case.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein it is described using SIMPACK vehicle dynamics simulation software and
ABAQUS finite element analysis software constructs the Rigid-flexible Coupling Model of Wheel Rail Contact, calculates wheel-rail contact force and rail using SIMPACK
Road vibration acceleration, comprising:
Flexible rail model is established in ABAQUS finite element analysis software, D selects a reference at a certain distance for wheel track upper surface
A reference point is selected every 2D in point, total n point, wheel track lower surface, and total n/2 point is protected using this n+n/2 point as host node
Stay 6 freedom degrees of node, wherein D is spacing distance, and n is natural number, and flexible rail model is imported SIMPACK model, real
Wheel track Rigid-flexible Coupling Model is now constructed, the calculating of contact force and vibration acceleration is carried out in SIMPACK.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 includes:
Obtained according to SIMPACK calculated result, rigidity couples the contact force of wheel track two sides in x, y, the direction z be it is invariable,
And in Coupled Rigid-flexible modeling, with the operation of train, the body oscillating as caused by track excitation, wheel-rail contact force can be in x, y,
The direction z generates apparent fluctuation, when train suspension system components break down, corresponding signal intensity situation are as follows: power
Learning unit failure, --- component dynamic parameters change --- change of dynamics of vehicle response characteristic --- dynamic response
Signal；
Train fault diagnosis based on ground detection, needs to measure train in the process of running, and the vertical acceleration on track passes
Sensor considers the error that measurement is measured with the size of running velocity when laying,
Wherein, f=1000Hz, vact=30m/s；
It can thus be appreciated that the calculation formula that sensor lays interval is
η indicates measurement error, vactVehicle actual motion speed, vmeaTo measure obtained running velocity；S is between sensor
Gauge is from C is the threshold value of allowable error, and f is the sample frequency in simulation process；
According to formula, the relationship Trendline that sensor lays interval and measurement error is obtained, by matched curve it is found that missing in measurement
A kind of inversely prroportional relationship is presented in difference and the laying interval of sensor, according to measurement error and the relationship at the laying interval of sensor into
Row lays experiment, according to fault detection as a result, obtaining optimal sensor lays rule.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 includes:
On the basis of simulation model, acceleration transducer is respectively laid in track two sides, carries out the measurement of acceleration signal, emulated
The different operating condition of setting n kind carries out the tentative diagnosis of failure in the process；
Offline integral operation is carried out to simulation model, obtains the result in time domain of above-mentioned n-1 kind fault condition；
Fourier transformation is carried out to vibration acceleration, obtains the frequency-domain result of above-mentioned n-1 kind fault condition；
The time and frequency domain analysis of contrast simulation model without apparent feature as a result, distinguishing between each operating condition, therefore to model
Carry out the spectrum refinement analysis based on Fourier transformation and based on chirp z transform；
Spectrum refinement analysis result by Fourier transformation and based on chirp z transform it is found that different operating condition Fourier transformation
Spectrum refinement analysis is identical with the analytical effect of chirp z transform, and Fourier of the fault condition compared with nominal situation changes width
Value and chirp z transform amplitude have apparent bigger than normal, can distinguish fault condition and nominal situation by spectrum refinement analysis,
Realize the detection of train suspension system failure.
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