CN109766635A - A kind of locomotive machinery unit status detecting sensor Optimal Deployment Method - Google Patents
A kind of locomotive machinery unit status detecting sensor Optimal Deployment Method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109766635A CN109766635A CN201910027263.4A CN201910027263A CN109766635A CN 109766635 A CN109766635 A CN 109766635A CN 201910027263 A CN201910027263 A CN 201910027263A CN 109766635 A CN109766635 A CN 109766635A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of locomotive machinery unit status detecting sensor Optimal Deployment Methods: (a) building whole vehicle model；(b) single stage suspension, secondary suspension are established in a model；(c) N number of oscillation crosswise monitoring point is selected on the bogie frame in whole vehicle model；(d) contact pressure distribution is obtained in dynamics simulation；(e) each measuring point vibration acceleration data are extracted, different monitoring points framework transverse acceleration time-domain diagram is obtained；(f) framework transverse acceleration peak value is counted；(g) susceptibility of each monitoring point under framework Cross deformation is analyzed, susceptibility is lower, the sensor of more unsuitable installation detection framework transverse acceleration.The present invention only cannot fully meet locomotive running state monitoring needs by simulation calculation to solve the problems, such as, realize the lateral acceleration data for extracting different monitoring points under same operating, compare different measuring points time domain, frequency domain character, and in conjunction with judging that framework occurs the related data of Cross deformation and select the purpose of optimal measuring point.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to safety of railway traffic monitoring technology fields, and in particular to a kind of locomotive machinery unit status perception biography
Sensor Optimal Deployment Method.
Background technique
Model currently used for rolling stock mechanical part simulation calculation is mainly concerned with two major classes, first is that mechanical part has
Finite element analysis model, second is that Multibody System Dynamic Analysis model can choose corresponding according to the aspect of model and demand requirement
Model is analyzed.In general, finite element analysis model is by dividing millimetre-sized minute cells for entire mechanical part, if
It sets and accordingly constrains and add associated load excitation, obtain the responsive state of each minute cells of component；And dynamics of multibody systems point
Analysis model can apply load excitation from many aspects, and after simulation analysis by establishing the constraint relationships of multiple movable bodies
Multiple spot Multi-parameter data can be extracted, is the main means that can systematically characterize mechanical part dynamic characteristic.
By taking rolling stock system as an example, the power of motor output passes to axle through gear-box downwards, and axle driven wheel turns
Dynamic, wheel and track rigid contact, bogie and interorbital are connected with single stage suspension device；Vehicle wheel rotation drives entire framework fortune
It is dynamic, it is connected between framework and car body by devices such as centrepins, drives body movement, while two systems is set between car body and framework and are hanged
Hang device.On the one hand these suspension arrangements can play positioning action, on the other hand can also play damping effect.Pass through these
The stiffness characteristics of installation constraint and component itself, so that permutation vehicle keeps preferable operating status in the process of running.
Judge whether train operation state is excellent, usually carries out overall merit from many aspects.Currently used for evaluation
The index of Locomotive and car dynamics is broadly divided into operation stability, running stability and by this tripartite of the comfort criterion of curve
Face.Wherein, operation stability can be analyzed from three anti-hunting, derailing and overturn-preventing directions.
It, only can not be complete by simulation calculation since in reality operation, complexity is presented in the specific operating condition that vehicle operation encounters
Meet the needs of locomotive running state monitoring, it is therefore necessary to determine preferred sensing by more accurate calculation method
Device placement scheme.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of locomotive machinery unit status detecting sensor Optimal Deployment Methods, to solve
The problem of needs of locomotive running state monitoring only can not be fully met by simulation calculation in the prior art, realizes that extraction is same
The lateral acceleration data of different monitoring points under operating condition compares time domain, the frequency domain character of different measuring points, and combines and judge that framework is sent out
The related data of Cross deformation is given birth to select the purpose of optimal measuring point.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of locomotive machinery unit status detecting sensor Optimal Deployment Method, comprising the following steps:
(a) locomotive multi-body Dynamics Model is established, whole vehicle model is built；
(b) single stage suspension, secondary suspension are established in a model, all suspensions member in the single stage suspension, secondary suspension
Part is all made of spring-damping element simulation, and all nonlinear characteristics are taken into account；
(c) N number of oscillation crosswise monitoring point is selected on the bogie frame in whole vehicle model, wherein N >=2；
(d) normal direction contact is calculated using Hertz contact theory in dynamics simulation, then calculates tangential contact, connect
Touch pressure is distributed Pz；
(e) from PzIt is middle to extract each measuring point vibration acceleration data, by the data obtained by filtering, obtain different monitoring points structure
Frame transverse acceleration time-domain diagram；
(f) each measuring point lateral vibration acceleration data are extracted from framework transverse acceleration time-domain diagram, statistics framework is lateral
Acceleration peak value: using 10Hz low-pass filtering, continuously meets or exceeds the limit more than six times when framework transverse acceleration peak value has
8~10m/s of value2, determine framework Cross deformation；
(g) susceptibility of each monitoring point under framework Cross deformation is analyzed, susceptibility is lower, and more unsuitable installation detects framework
The sensor of transverse acceleration.
Cardinal principle of the invention is the threedimensional model by constructing locomotive machinery component, in incentive action Imitating portion
Part dynamic characteristic situation of change, specifies the form of expression of key feature, and the continuity of global feature is restored according to discrete message,
And then locomotive machinery component installation constraint set is extracted, propose that the railroad traction Hygienic monitoring on hands of childhood sensor placement for evading constraint set is excellent
Change method.It is formulated, will be carried out after installation constraint condition parametrization by the acquisition strategies of the dynamic characteristic data of model-driven
Fusion forms and is substantially better than the one-sided sensor placement strategy for considering structure and installation environment, optimization highlight key feature and
Realize the perception of whole continuous feature.This method is suitable for but is not exclusively for rolling stock mechanical part.This method is compared to existing
There is technology, mainly achieve following progress: one, establishing Locomotive and car dynamics simulation model, bonded block dynamic characteristic becomes
Change theory, simulates corresponding rolling stock operating status；Two, according to the specific mounting means of component, component installation constraint set is extracted
It closes；Three, binding kinetics feature request and evade installation constraint, choose reasonable dynamics monitoring point；Four, other are chosen together
Position monitoring point, compares from the angle of data time-frequency domain characteristic and dynamic stability evaluation index, to highlight the reasonable of monitoring point
Property；Five, it can be used as the sensor placement point of mechanical part state aware by the monitoring point of dynamics simulation and theoretical validation,
The sensor placement method is substantially better than the one-sided sensor placement strategy for considering structure and installation environment, is easier to highlight key
The perception of feature.The present invention can provide reliable technical guarantee for accuracy, the reliability of rolling stock state aware.
Further, the whole vehicle model build the following steps are included:
(A) in pre-treatment portion component selections wheel to type, radius of wheel, gauge, ranging in wheel footpath is inputted, wheel pair is generated；
(B) duplication wheel pair adds framework, axle box, primary spring component, builds bogie；
(C) bogie is replicated, car body and air spring components is added, builds whole vehicle model.
Further, the single stage suspension will take turns to and framework link together, single stage suspension is by steel spring, pivoted arm and vertical
Damper composition, the locating stiffness of single stage suspension are provided by pivoted arm node；Framework and car body are connected to one by the secondary suspension
It rises, secondary suspension is made of two air springs, two lateral dampers, two drawing pull bars and lateral backstop.
Further, N number of oscillation crosswise monitoring point, the several groups including the axis bilateral symmetry distribution along bogie
Monitoring point, and at least one monitoring point on the axis of bogie.In order to find most suitable installation region, in simulations
It is to arrange oscillation crosswise monitoring point in such a way that bilateral symmetry is distributed, and using at least one monitoring point on axis as referring to
Comparison, selection when being conducive to provide more sufficient comparison scheme for practical layout.
Further, contact pressure is distributed PzCalculating process in, apply six grades of U.S. track irregularity into model
Power density spectrum.
Preferably, the contact pressure is distributed PzCalculation method are as follows:
(1) vertical gap z (x, the y)=Ax of wheel track is set2+By2, wherein A, B are respectively vertical and horizontal relative curvature, A, B's
Expression formula are as follows:
Wherein, RwxFor the radius of curvature of wheel along longitudinal direction；RrxFor the radius of curvature of rail along longitudinal direction；RwyFor wheel contact
Chordwise curvature radius at point；RryFor chordwise curvature radius at rail contact point；
(2) Bearing pattern major semiaxis a and semi-minor axis b is calculated according to Hertz contact theory:
Wherein, m and n is Hertz exposure parameter；P is wheel-rail normal force；G* is material parameter；
(3) intermediate variable η is calculated:
(4) the close amount δ of rigidity when calculating Wheel Rail Contact0:
(5) contact pressure distribution P is obtainedz:
Wherein, the calculation method of the material parameter G* are as follows:
Wherein, vwAnd EwThe respectively Poisson's ratio and elasticity modulus of wheel material；vrAnd ErThe respectively Poisson of rail material
Than and elasticity modulus.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the following advantages and benefits:
One, Locomotive and car dynamics simulation model is established, the variation of bonded block dynamic characteristic is theoretical, simulates corresponding locomotive
Travel condition of vehicle；According to the specific mounting means of component, component installation constraint set is extracted；Extract different prisons under same operating
The lateral acceleration data of measuring point compares time domain, the frequency domain character of different measuring points, and combines and judge that Cross deformation occurs for framework
Relevant regulations select optimal measuring point.
Two, binding kinetics feature request and evade installation constraint, choose reasonable dynamics monitoring point；
Three, other positions monitoring point is chosen together, is carried out from data time-frequency domain characteristic and the angle of dynamic stability evaluation index
Comparison, to highlight the reasonability of monitoring point；
Four, it can be used as the sensor cloth of mechanical part state aware by the monitoring point of dynamics simulation and theoretical validation
Office point, the sensor placement method are substantially better than the one-sided sensor placement strategy for considering structure and installation environment, are easier to convex
The perception of aobvious key feature.The present invention can provide reliable technology for accuracy, the reliability of rolling stock state aware and protect
Barrier.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing described herein is used to provide to further understand the embodiment of the present invention, constitutes one of the application
Point, do not constitute the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is HXD2 type locomotive multi-body Dynamics Model；
Fig. 2 is framework Sensor layout drawing；
Fig. 3 is different measuring points framework transverse acceleration time-domain diagram；
Fig. 4 is different measuring points framework acceleration peak value comparison diagram；
Fig. 5 is 1,2,3,4,5, No. 11 measuring point framework transverse acceleration time-domain signal comparison diagram；
Fig. 6 is time-domain signal comparison diagram after 1,5, No. 11 measuring point framework transverse acceleration filtering；
Fig. 7 is frequency-region signal comparison diagram after 1,5, No. 11 measuring point framework transverse acceleration filtering.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, to this
Invention is described in further detail, and exemplary embodiment of the invention and its explanation for explaining only the invention, are not made
For limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of locomotive machinery unit status detecting sensor Optimal Deployment Method as shown in Figures 1 to 7, the number in Fig. 2
Word 1 to 11 indicates the number of each monitoring point:
Initially set up locomotive multi-body Dynamics Model.Specifically, being established in dynamics software UM
The kinetic model of HXD2 type locomotive, as shown in Figure 1.Specifically establishment process includes:
The first step inputs radius of wheel in UM software pre-treatment portion component selections wheel to type, gauge, ranging etc. in wheel footpath
Parameter generates wheel pair.
Second step, duplication wheel pair, the components such as addition framework, axle box, primary spring build bogie.
Third step replicates bogie, adds the components such as car body and air spring, builds whole vehicle model.
Carry out single stage suspension later: single stage suspension will take turns to and framework link together, by steel spring, pivoted arm and Vertical Vibration Reduction
Device composition.Highest running speed is 120km/h, and it is longitudinal register rigidity to guarantee vehicle that this, which requires the vehicle with higher one,
Stability in high-speed cruising on rectilinear orbit.One is that locating stiffness is mainly provided by pivoted arm node.Secondary suspension is carried out again:
Secondary suspension links together framework and car body, by two air springs, two lateral dampers, two drawing pull bars and cross
It is formed to backstop.All hanging element of one system and two systems is all made of spring-damping element simulation, and considers all non-
Linear characteristic.It is respectively JM3 and 60kg/m that rail type face is taken turns in the present embodiment.Gauge is 1435mm, distance between backs of wheel flanges 1353mm,
Radius of wheel is 625mm, rail cant 1/40.
Later according to shown in Fig. 2,11 oscillation crosswise monitoring points are selected on bogie frame.It is adopted in dynamics simulation
It is contacted with Hertz theoretical calculation normal direction, FASTSIM algorithm calculates tangential contact；Wherein wheel-rail friction coefficient is set as 0.3, and
Apply the power density spectrum of the six grades of track irregularities in the U.S..
Hertz contact theory is the basis of other non-Elliptical Contacts algorithms.Based on Hertz contact it is assumed that for wheel track
Contact problems, the vertical gap of wheel track can be written as: z (x, y)=Ax2+By2, in formula, A and B are respectively that vertical and horizontal are relatively bent
Rate.When the principal curvatures face of wheel track is overlapped, i.e. for wheel to angle of not shaking the head, the expression formula of A and B are as follows:
In formula, RwxFor the radius of curvature of wheel along longitudinal direction, i.e. vehicle wheel roll radius；RrxFor the curvature of rail along longitudinal direction half
Diameter, usually+∞；RwyFor chordwise curvature radius at wheel contact point；RryFor chordwise curvature radius at rail contact point.
According to Hertz contact theory, the expression formula of Bearing pattern major semiaxis a and semi-minor axis b are writeable are as follows:
In formula, m and n are Hertz exposure parameter；P is wheel-rail normal force；
G*For material parameter:
In formula, vwAnd EwThe respectively Poisson's ratio and elasticity modulus of wheel material；vrAnd ErThe respectively Poisson of rail material
Than and elasticity modulus.
Period needs first to calculate an intermediate variable η:
For tabling look-up, above-mentioned m, n are tabled look-up and can be obtained by intermediate variable η value intermediate variable η.
The close amount δ of rigidity when Wheel Rail Contact0Are as follows:
It is Hertz exposure parameter in formula.The close amount δ of rigidity0It is the term calculating Wheel Rail Contact of software transfer, is very mature
Contact theory is widely received by academia.
Contact pressure distribution P is finally calculatedzFor semielliptical shape:
The data obtained is filtered by 10HZ, obtains different measuring points framework transverse acceleration time-domain diagram shown in Fig. 3.It unites again
Each monitoring point framework transverse acceleration peak value is counted, different measuring points framework acceleration peak value comparison diagram shown in Fig. 4 is obtained.From figure
All measuring point data features of comparative analysis in 4, into crossing analysis it is found that No. 1 measuring point data is consistent with No. 6, No. 2 with No. 7 unanimously, 3
Number consistent with No. 8, No. 4 consistent with No. 9, and No. 5 consistent with No. 10.
According to UIC515, using 10HZ low-pass filtering, when framework transverse acceleration peak value have continuously reach more than six times or
8~10m/s of over-limit condition2, determine framework Cross deformation.
As shown in Figure 51,2,3,4,5, No. 11 measuring point framework transverse acceleration time-domain signal comparison diagrams are extracted, is compared
Analyze 1,2,3,4,5,11 this six measuring point datas, it is known that No. 11 measuring point sensors are least sensitive, and than No. 2 measuring points of No. 1 measuring point are more
Sensitivity, than No. 4 measuring points of No. 5 measuring points are more sensitive.Therefore No. 11 measuring point regions are constraint set, and it is lateral to be not suitable for installation detection framework
The sensor of acceleration.
Time-domain signal comparison diagram after 1,5, No. 11 measuring point framework transverse acceleration as shown in FIG. 6 filters is extracted again, and
Frequency-region signal comparison diagram after as shown in Figure 71, the filtering of 5, No. 11 measuring point framework transverse accelerations is obtained after being fourier transformed,
These three the measuring point time-domain informations of comparative analysis 1,5,11 and the frequency domain information obtained after being fourier transformed, it is known that No. 5 measuring points and 1
Number measuring point is more sensitive compared with No. 11 measuring points, and No. 5 measuring points are more sensitive compared with No. 1 measuring point.Introducing the comparison of measuring point 11 herein is in order to prominent
Other measuring point results and least sensitive measuring point result difference are compared out.
In conclusion in conjunction with Fig. 4 to Fig. 7 with above-mentioned analysis it was determined that in the present embodiment No. 5 and No. 10 measuring points it is the quickest
Sense, No. 5 measuring points and No. 10 measuring point present positions rationally avoid installation constraint, are suitble to install vibrating sensor in this region, with
Monitor framework oscillation crosswise signal.
Above-described specific embodiment has carried out further the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
It is described in detail, it should be understood that being not intended to limit the present invention the foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the invention
Protection scope, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of locomotive machinery unit status detecting sensor Optimal Deployment Method, which comprises the following steps:
(a) locomotive multi-body Dynamics Model is established, whole vehicle model is built；
(b) single stage suspension, secondary suspension are established in a model, all hanging elements are equal in the single stage suspension, secondary suspension
It is simulated using spring-damping element, and all nonlinear characteristics is taken into account；
(c) N number of oscillation crosswise monitoring point is selected on the bogie frame in whole vehicle model, wherein N >=2；
(d) normal direction contact is calculated using Hertz contact theory in dynamics simulation, then calculates tangential contact, obtain contact pressure
Power is distributed Pz；
(e) from PzIt is middle to extract each measuring point vibration acceleration data, by the data obtained by filtering, it is horizontal to obtain different monitoring points framework
To acceleration time domain figure；
(f) each measuring point lateral vibration acceleration data are extracted from framework transverse acceleration time-domain diagram, statistics framework laterally accelerates
Spend peak value: use 10Hz low-pass filtering, when framework transverse acceleration peak value have continuously meet or exceed more than six times limiting value 8~
10m/s2, determine framework Cross deformation；
(g) susceptibility of each monitoring point under framework Cross deformation is analyzed, susceptibility is lower, and more unsuitable installation detection framework is lateral
The sensor of acceleration.
2. a kind of locomotive machinery unit status detecting sensor Optimal Deployment Method according to claim 1, feature exist
In, the whole vehicle model build the following steps are included:
(A) in pre-treatment portion component selections wheel to type, radius of wheel, gauge, ranging in wheel footpath is inputted, wheel pair is generated；
(B) duplication wheel pair adds framework, axle box, primary spring component, builds bogie；
(C) bogie is replicated, car body and air spring components is added, builds whole vehicle model.
3. a kind of locomotive machinery unit status detecting sensor Optimal Deployment Method according to claim 1, feature exist
In, the single stage suspension will take turns to and framework link together, single stage suspension is made of steel spring, pivoted arm and vertical damper, one
The locating stiffness of system's suspension is provided by pivoted arm node；The secondary suspension links together framework and car body, secondary suspension by
Two air springs, two lateral dampers, two drawing pull bars and lateral backstop composition.
4. a kind of locomotive machinery unit status detecting sensor Optimal Deployment Method according to claim 1, feature exist
In, N number of oscillation crosswise monitoring point, the several groups monitoring point including the axis bilateral symmetry distribution along bogie, Yi Jiwei
In at least one monitoring point on the axis of bogie.
5. a kind of locomotive machinery unit status detecting sensor Optimal Deployment Method according to claim 1, feature exist
In contact pressure is distributed PzCalculating process in, into model apply the six grades of track irregularities in the U.S. power density spectrum.
6. a kind of locomotive machinery unit status detecting sensor Optimal Deployment Method according to claim 1, feature exist
In the contact pressure is distributed PzCalculation method are as follows:
(1) vertical gap z (x, the y)=Ax of wheel track is set2+By2, wherein A, B are respectively vertical and horizontal relative curvature, the expression of A, B
Formula are as follows:
Wherein, RwxFor the radius of curvature of wheel along longitudinal direction；RrxFor the radius of curvature of rail along longitudinal direction；RwyAt wheel contact point
Chordwise curvature radius；RryFor chordwise curvature radius at rail contact point；
(2) Bearing pattern major semiaxis a and semi-minor axis b is calculated according to Hertz contact theory:
Wherein, m and n is Hertz exposure parameter；P is wheel-rail normal force；G*For material parameter；
(3) intermediate variable η is calculated:
(4) the close amount δ of rigidity when calculating Wheel Rail Contact0；
Wherein r is Hertz exposure parameter；
(5) contact pressure distribution P is obtainedz:
7. a kind of locomotive machinery unit status detecting sensor Optimal Deployment Method according to claim 6, feature exist
In the calculation method of the material parameter G* are as follows:
Wherein, vwAnd EwThe respectively Poisson's ratio and elasticity modulus of wheel material；vrAnd ErRespectively the Poisson's ratio of rail material and
Elasticity modulus.
8. a kind of locomotive machinery unit status detecting sensor Optimal Deployment Method according to claim 1, feature exist
In, step (g) when analysis susceptibility, first determine whether that ipsilateral measuring point by installation effect of constraint value size, then judges symmetrical measuring point letter
Number whether there is difference.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN110308002A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-10-08 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of municipal rail train suspension method for diagnosing faults based on ground detection |
| CN111428312A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-07-17 | 成都运达科技股份有限公司 | Method for acquiring vibration characteristics of vehicle parts in train derailment behavior process |
| CN111444574A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-07-24 | 成都运达科技股份有限公司 | Sensor layout optimization method based on dynamic analysis |
| CN111639395A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-09-08 | 成都运达科技股份有限公司 | Device and method for acquiring vehicle vibration information under transverse track expansion |
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