CN110306105B - Method for spheroidizing feed wire of investment precision casting nodular cast iron - Google Patents
Method for spheroidizing feed wire of investment precision casting nodular cast iron Download PDFInfo
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- CN110306105B CN110306105B CN201910720152.1A CN201910720152A CN110306105B CN 110306105 B CN110306105 B CN 110306105B CN 201910720152 A CN201910720152 A CN 201910720152A CN 110306105 B CN110306105 B CN 110306105B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
- C21C1/105—Nodularising additive agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
- C22C33/10—Making cast-iron alloys including procedures for adding magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a wire feeding spheroidizing method for investment precision casting of nodular cast iron, which comprises the following steps: investment casting shell making and roasting; smelting molten iron; spheroidizing; inoculation treatment; and (4) casting the formwork. The method solves the problem of low spheroidization grade when the nodular cast iron is produced by precision investment casting wire feeding spheroidization, the nodular cast iron can be produced in batches by adopting the method, and compared with the spheroidization method spheroidization, the method has the advantages that the content of residual Mg in molten iron is more stable, the content of the residual Mg is improved to 0.04-0.06%, the spheroidization grade of a nodular iron casting is improved to 1-3, the size of graphite stably reaches 6-7 grades, and no carbide exists.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of casting, and particularly relates to a wire feeding and spheroidizing method for investment precision casting of nodular cast iron.
Background
The shell temperature is above 700 ℃ during investment precision casting pouring, which can cause the solidification time of molten iron to be far longer than that of sand casting, that is, when the ductile cast iron is produced by investment precision casting, the eutectic time is far longer than that of sand casting, the too long eutectic time can cause the graphite distortion tendency to increase, the probability of vermicular graphite to increase, the spheroidization grade to decrease, and most of the spheroidization can only reach grade 2-4. Therefore, when the nodular cast iron is produced by precision investment casting, the control requirements of residual molten iron Mg content and inoculation must be higher than those of sand casting to stably reach the nodularization grade 1-3, namely, precision investment casting wire feeding nodularization cannot be carried out according to the common sand casting.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for nodulizing a feeding wire of investment precision casting nodular cast iron, wherein the content of residual Mg in molten iron is more stable, the nodulizing grade of a nodular iron casting is improved to 1-3 grade, the size of graphite stably reaches 6-7 grade, and no carbide exists.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a wire feeding and spheroidizing method for investment precision casting of nodular cast iron comprises the following steps:
(1) investment casting shell making and roasting: silica sol and quartz powder are used as surface layer coating, silica sol and mullite powder are used as back layer coating, and a through type natural gas roasting furnace is used for roasting a shell;
(2) smelting molten iron: the furnace burden is Q10 pig iron, foundry returns and scrap steel, the carbon equivalent of molten iron before spheroidization is 4.15-4.25%, and S is less than or equal to 0.02%;
(3) spheroidizing: spheroidizing by adopting a spheroidizing core-spun yarn feeding spheroidizing method;
(4) inoculation treatment: treating by adopting a ladle-to-ladle inoculation method, putting FeSi75 inoculant at the bottom of a casting ladle in advance, and controlling the temperature to 1390-;
(5) casting a formwork: and taking the shell out of the roasting furnace before inoculation, and pouring.
Further, the mass ratio of the silica sol to the quartz powder in the step (1) is 1: 1.5-2.5.
Further, the mass ratio of the silica sol to the quartz powder is 1:2.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the silica sol to the mullite powder is 1: 1.5-2.5.
Further, the mass ratio of the silica sol to the mullite powder is 1:2.
Further, the roasting temperature in the step (1) is 900-.
Further, 10-30% of pig iron, 20-40% of scrap returns and 40-60% of scrap steel according to mass percentage.
Further, in the step (3), the ladle weight is 500kg, the external shape height-diameter ratio of the ladle is 2.0, the internal molten iron height-diameter ratio of the ladle is 1.5, the internal molten iron depth is 600 +/-20 mm, and the upper edge of the ladle is kept at 300 +/-10 mm, so that the molten iron can be prevented from splashing during the severe spheroidizing reaction.
Further, the diameter of the cored wire in the step (3) is 13 +/-0.5 mm, the single weight of the inner core powder is 300 +/-10 g/m, the weight of each meter of wire is 470 +/-10 g/m, the thickness of the iron sheet is 0.3-0.4mm, and the outer diameter of the wire coil is less than 1230 m.
Further, the inner core powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass, 9-12% of Mg, 52-60% of Si, RE: 2-3%, Ba 9-11%, Ca: 2-3%, MgO: less than or equal to 1.5 percent, Al: less than or equal to 1.5 percent, the balance being Fe, the mass ratio of La to Ce in the rare earth RE is 65: 35.
the spheroidized core-spun yarn material of the invention not only can ensure the graphite spheroidizing function of cast iron, but also has partial inoculation function.
Wherein Mg is a main spheroidizing element and has the function of promoting graphite to be spheroidized. When the nodular cast iron is produced by investment casting, the mass percent of residual Mg after molten iron spheroidization must reach 0.040-0.060 percent to reach the spheroidization grade of 1-3. And because the eutectic time is short, the graphite is not easy to distort, and the residual Mg mass percent after molten iron spheroidization is 0.030-0.060%, the spheroidization grade can also reach 1-3 grade. When a spheroidized core wire of Mg 30%, which is commonly used in sand casting, is directly transplanted to investment precision casting, the residual Mg content exceeds the range of 0.040-0.060%. And the content of Mg is reduced, the spheroidization reaction time is prolonged, and the control of residual Mg in molten iron is facilitated. The rare earth plays a role in resisting spheroidization interference (spheroidizing elements such As S, Ti, Pb, As and the like), the RE mass percent of the rare earth after molten iron spheroidization is controlled to be 0.015-0.030%, and the high La rare earth is adopted to reduce the contraction tendency of the casting (the contraction tendency of the ductile iron part containing Ce is high). Si, Ba and Ca elements play a role in inoculation, wherein Ba is the main inoculation element and can prolong the inoculation decay time from 5-8 minutes to 8-12 minutes.
Further, in the step (3), the tapping temperature of spheroidizing treatment is 1470-1500 ℃, the molten iron amount is 500 +/-10 kg, the wire feeding speed is 29-31m/min, the wire feeding length is 14-16 m/bag, and the wire feeding time is 27-33 s/bag.
The wire feeding speed of the invention can ensure that the spheroidized core-spun wire is just inserted into the ladle bottom, because the absorption rate of molten iron to Mg is reduced due to too low speed, the content of Mg in the molten iron at the ladle bottom is lower, and the core-spun wire can be reversely coiled at the ladle bottom due to too high speed, and the absorption rate of the molten iron to Mg can also be reduced.
Too short wire feeding time can cause too violent spheroidization reaction of molten iron, the absorption of Mg is unstable, and too long wire feeding time influences the production efficiency.
The aspect ratio of the ladle according to the present invention is selected because an excessively small aspect ratio reduces the depth of molten iron, thereby reducing the absorption rate of Mg and the stability of residual Mg, and an excessively large aspect ratio makes it difficult to build a spheroidizing ladle and pour molten iron.
Further, the mass of FeSi75 in the step (4) is 0.4-0.6% of the mass of the molten iron.
Further, the mass of the FeSi75 is 0.5% of the mass of the molten iron.
Further, the particle size of FeSi75 is 1-4 mm.
Further, in the step (5), the temperature of the investment shell is 750-.
Furthermore, the mass of residual Mg in molten iron after inoculation by the wire feeding and spheroidizing method accounts for 0.04-0.06%, the spheroidization stability of castings reaches 1-3 level, the size of graphite is 6-7 level, and no carbide exists.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method solves the problem of low spheroidization grade when the nodular cast iron is produced by precision investment casting wire feeding spheroidization, the nodular cast iron can be produced in batches by adopting the method, and compared with the spheroidization method spheroidization, the method has the advantages that the content of residual Mg in molten iron is more stable, the content of the residual Mg is improved to 0.04-0.06%, the spheroidization grade of a nodular iron casting is improved to 1-3, the size of graphite stably reaches 6-7 grades, and no carbide exists.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The method for spheroidizing the feeding wire of the investment precision casting nodular cast iron comprises the following steps:
(1) investment casting shell making and roasting: the preparation method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting silica sol and quartz powder as surface layer coating, wherein the mass ratio of the silica sol to the quartz powder is 1:1.5, adopting the silica sol to the mullite powder as back layer coating, the mass ratio of the silica sol to the mullite powder is 1:1.5, roasting a shell by using a through type natural gas roasting furnace, wherein the roasting temperature is 900-;
(2) smelting molten iron: smelting molten iron by adopting a medium-frequency induction furnace, wherein the furnace burden comprises 25 mass percent of Q10 pig iron, 30 mass percent of scrap and 45 mass percent of scrap steel, the carbon equivalent of the molten iron before spheroidization is 4.15 percent, and the S is less than or equal to 0.02 percent;
(3) spheroidizing: a spheroidizing foundry ladle is adopted, the containing weight of the foundry ladle is 500kg, the height-diameter ratio of the outer shape of the ladle is 2.0, the height-diameter ratio of molten iron in the ladle is 1.5, the depth of molten iron in the ladle is 580mm, the upper edge of the ladle is reserved with 290mm to prevent molten iron from splashing during violent spheroidizing reaction, the spheroidizing treatment is carried out by a core-spun yarn feeding and spheroidizing method, the diameter of a core-spun yarn is 12.5mm, the single weight of inner core powder is 290g/m, the weight of each meter of the yarn is 460g/m, the thickness of an iron sheet is 0.3mm, the outer diameter of a wire coil is less than 1230m, the inner core powder is prepared from: 3%, Ba: 11%, Ca: 3%, MgO: 1.0%, Al: 1.1 percent, the balance being Fe, the mass ratio of La to Ce in the rare earth RE is 65: 35, the tapping temperature of spheroidization is 1470 ℃, the molten iron amount is 490kg, the wire feeding speed is 29m/min, the wire feeding length is 14 m/bag, and the wire feeding time is 29 s/bag;
(4) inoculation treatment: treating by adopting a ladle-to-ladle inoculation method, wherein a FeSi75 inoculant is put into the bottom of a ladle in advance, the mass of FeSi75 is 0.5 percent of the mass of molten iron, the particle size of FeSi75 is 1-4mm, and the temperature of the molten iron before ladle-to-ladle is 1418 ℃;
(5) casting a formwork: and taking the shell out of the roasting furnace before inoculation, wherein the temperature of the investment shell is 800 ℃, the pouring temperature of molten iron is 1375 ℃, and the time from the end of spheroidization to the completion of pouring is within 6 min. In the method of the embodiment, the mass fraction of Mg in the inoculated molten iron is 0.049%, the mass fraction of Ce is 0.014%, the mass fraction of S is 0.010%, the casting is spheroidized to grade 2, the size of graphite is grade 6-7, and no carbide exists.
Example 2
The method for spheroidizing the feeding wire of the investment precision casting nodular cast iron comprises the following steps:
(1) investment casting shell making and roasting: the preparation method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting silica sol and quartz powder as surface layer coatings, wherein the mass ratio of the silica sol to the quartz powder is 1:2, adopting the silica sol to the mullite powder as back layer coatings, the mass ratio of the silica sol to the mullite powder is 1:2, roasting a shell by using a through type natural gas roasting furnace, wherein the roasting temperature is 900-950 ℃, and the roasting time is 3 hours;
(2) smelting molten iron: smelting molten iron by adopting a medium-frequency induction furnace, wherein according to the mass percentage, the furnace burden is 30 percent of Q10 pig iron, 20 percent of scrap returns and 50 percent of scrap steel, the carbon equivalent of the molten iron before spheroidization is 4.2 percent, and the S is less than or equal to 0.02 percent;
(3) spheroidizing: a spheroidizing ladle is adopted, the containing weight of the ladle is 500kg, the height-diameter ratio of the outer shape of the ladle is 2.0, the height-diameter ratio of molten iron in the ladle is 1.5, the depth of the molten iron in the ladle is 600mm, the upper edge of the ladle is kept for 300mm to prevent molten iron from splashing during violent spheroidizing reaction, the core-spun yarn is spheroidized by a wire feeding and spheroidizing method, the diameter of the core-spun yarn is 13mm, the single weight of inner core powder is 300g/m, the weight of each meter of the yarn is 470g/m, the thickness of an iron sheet is 0.35mm, the outer diameter of a wire coil is less than 1230m, the inner core powder is prepared from the following raw materials in: 2.5%, Ba: 10.5%, Ca: 2.5%, MgO: 1.0%, Al: 1.0 percent and the balance of Fe, wherein the mass ratio of La to Ce in the rare earth RE is 65: 35, the tapping temperature of spheroidization is 1485 ℃, the molten iron amount is 490kg, the wire feeding speed is 30m/min, the wire feeding length is 15 m/bag, and the wire feeding time is 30 s/bag;
(4) inoculation treatment: treating by adopting a ladle-to-ladle inoculation method, wherein a FeSi75 inoculant is put into the bottom of a ladle in advance, the mass of FeSi75 is 0.5 percent of the mass of molten iron, the particle size of FeSi75 is 1-4mm, and the temperature of the molten iron before ladle-to-ladle is 1410 ℃;
(5) casting a formwork: and taking the shell out of the roasting furnace before inoculation, wherein the temperature of the investment shell is 750 ℃, the pouring temperature of molten iron is 1360 ℃, and the time from the end of spheroidization to the completion of pouring is within 6 min. In the method of the embodiment, the mass fraction of Mg in the inoculated molten iron is 0.05%, the mass fraction of Ce is 0.011%, the mass fraction of S is 0.011%, the casting is spheroidized at grade 1, the graphite is 6-7, and the molten iron is free of carbide.
Example 3
The method for spheroidizing the feeding wire of the investment precision casting nodular cast iron comprises the following steps:
(1) investment casting shell making and roasting: the preparation method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting silica sol and quartz powder as surface layer coating, wherein the mass ratio of the silica sol to the quartz powder is 1:2.5, adopting the silica sol to the mullite powder as back layer coating, the mass ratio of the silica sol to the mullite powder is 1:2.5, roasting the shell by using a through type natural gas roasting furnace, wherein the roasting temperature is 900-;
(2) smelting molten iron: smelting molten iron by adopting a medium-frequency induction furnace, wherein the furnace burden comprises 10% of Q10 pig iron, 30% of scrap returns and 60% of scrap steel according to mass percent, the carbon equivalent of the molten iron before spheroidization is 4.25%, and S is less than or equal to 0.02%;
(3) spheroidizing: a spheroidizing foundry ladle is adopted, the containing weight of the foundry ladle is 500kg, the height-diameter ratio of the outer shape of the ladle is 2.0, the height-diameter ratio of molten iron in the ladle is 1.5, the depth of the molten iron in the ladle is 620mm, the upper edge of the ladle is reserved with 310mm to prevent molten iron from splashing during violent spheroidizing reaction, the spheroidizing treatment is carried out by a core-spun yarn feeding and spheroidizing method, the diameter of a core-spun yarn is 13.5mm, the single weight of inner core powder is 310g/m, the weight of each meter of the yarn is 480g/m, the thickness of an iron sheet is 0.4mm, the outer diameter of a wire coil is less than 1230m, the inner core powder is prepared: 3%, Ba: 11%, Ca: 3%, MgO: 0.8%, Al: 0.8 percent, the balance being Fe, the mass ratio of La to Ce in the rare earth RE is 65: 35, the tapping temperature of spheroidization is 1500 ℃, the molten iron amount is 510kg, the wire feeding speed is 31m/min, the wire feeding length is 16 m/bag, and the wire feeding time is 31 s/bag;
(4) inoculation treatment: treating by adopting a ladle-to-ladle inoculation method, wherein a FeSi75 inoculant is put into the bottom of a ladle in advance, the mass of FeSi75 is 0.55 percent of the mass of molten iron, the particle size of FeSi75 is 1-4mm, and the temperature of the molten iron before ladle-to-ladle is 1430 ℃;
(5) casting a formwork: and taking the shell out of the roasting furnace before inoculation, wherein the temperature of the investment shell is 850 ℃, the pouring temperature of molten iron is 1390 ℃, and the time from the end of spheroidization to the completion of pouring is within 6 min. In the method of the embodiment, the mass fraction of Mg in the inoculated molten iron is 0.06%, the mass fraction of Ce is 0.013%, the mass fraction of S is 0.012%, the cast is spheroidized at grade 1, the graphite size is 6-7, and the cast is carbide-free.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A wire feeding and spheroidizing method for investment precision casting nodular cast iron is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) investment casting shell making and roasting: silica sol and quartz powder are used as surface layer coating, silica sol and mullite powder are used as back layer coating, and a through type natural gas roasting furnace is used for roasting a shell;
(2) smelting molten iron: the furnace burden is Q10 pig iron, foundry returns and scrap steel, the carbon equivalent of molten iron before spheroidization is 4.15-4.25%, and S is less than or equal to 0.02%;
(3) spheroidizing: the spheroidizing method is adopted for spheroidizing by a spheroidizing core-spun yarn feeding and spheroidizing method, the diameter of the core-spun yarn is 13 +/-0.5 mm, the single weight of inner core powder is 300 +/-10 g/m, the weight of each meter of the yarn is 470 +/-10 g/m, the thickness of an iron sheet is 0.3-0.4mm, the outer diameter of a wire coil is less than 1230m, the inner core powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass, 9-12% of Mg, 52-60% of Si and RE: 2-3%, Ba 9-11%, Ca: 2-3%, MgO: less than or equal to 1.5 percent, Al: less than or equal to 1.5 percent, the balance being Fe, the mass ratio of La to Ce in the rare earth RE is 65: 35; the tapping temperature of spheroidization is 1470 ℃ and 1500 ℃, the molten iron amount is 500 +/-10 kg, the wire feeding speed is 29-31m/min, the wire feeding length is 14-16 m/bag, and the wire feeding time is 27-33 s/bag;
(4) inoculation treatment: treating by adopting a ladle-to-ladle inoculation method, putting FeSi75 inoculant at the bottom of a casting ladle in advance, and controlling the temperature to 1390-;
(5) casting a formwork: and taking the shell out of the roasting furnace before inoculation, and pouring.
2. The wire feeding and spheroidizing method of the investment precision casting nodular cast iron according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the silica sol to the quartz powder in the step (1) is 1:1.5-2.5, and the mass ratio of the silica sol to the mullite powder is 1: 1.5-2.5.
3. The wire feeding and spheroidizing method of the investment precision casting nodular cast iron according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the silica sol to the quartz powder in the step (1) is 1:2, and the mass ratio of the silica sol to the mullite powder is 1:2.
4. The wire feeding and spheroidizing method of the investment precision casting ductile cast iron as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the roasting temperature in the step (1) is 900-950 ℃, and the roasting time is 2.5-3.5 h.
5. The wire-feeding and spheroidizing method of the investment precision casting nodular cast iron according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), 10 to 30 percent of pig iron, 20 to 40 percent of scrap returns and 40 to 60 percent of scrap steel are adopted according to mass percentage.
6. The wire feeding and spheroidizing method of the investment precision casting nodular cast iron according to claim 1, wherein the ladle in the step (3) has a containing weight of 500kg, an outline height-diameter ratio of 2.0, an internal molten iron height-diameter ratio of 1.5, an internal molten iron depth of 600 +/-20 mm, and an upper edge of 300 +/-10 mm.
7. The wire-feeding spheroidizing method of investment precision casting nodular cast iron according to claim 1, wherein the mass of FeSi75 in the step (4) is 0.4-0.6% of the mass of molten iron.
8. The wire feeding and spheroidizing method of the investment precision casting nodular cast iron according to claim 7, wherein the mass of FeSi75 in the step (4) is 0.5 percent of the mass of molten iron, and the particle size of FeSi75 is 1-4 mm.
9. The method for feeding and spheroidizing the investment precision casting nodular cast iron according to claim 1, wherein the mass of residual Mg in molten iron after inoculation by the method for feeding and spheroidizing the nodular cast iron is 0.04-0.06 percent, the spheroidization stability of a casting reaches 1-3 grade, the graphite size is 6-7 grade, and no carbide exists.
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