CN110304228B - Battery powered watercraft with flywheel energy storage system and method of use thereof - Google Patents
Battery powered watercraft with flywheel energy storage system and method of use thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110304228B CN110304228B CN201910736369.1A CN201910736369A CN110304228B CN 110304228 B CN110304228 B CN 110304228B CN 201910736369 A CN201910736369 A CN 201910736369A CN 110304228 B CN110304228 B CN 110304228B
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 52
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/12—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
- B63H21/17—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven by electric motor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/02—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels
- H02K7/025—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels for power storage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H2021/003—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the power plant using fuel cells for energy supply or accumulation, e.g. for buffering photovoltaic energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a battery powered watercraft with a flywheel energy storage system and a method of use thereof, comprising: the power battery pack, the propulsion system, the flywheel energy storage system and the distribution board are connected to the main distribution board through different types of power electronic converters, and other electric loads are connected to the distribution board. According to the battery-powered ship with the flywheel energy storage system and the application method thereof, the flywheel energy storage technology is applied to the battery-powered ship, and the flywheel energy storage system and the power battery pack work in a coordinated manner through the energy management system, so that the dynamic response speed and stability of the power system of the battery-powered ship are improved, the energy recovery during ship braking can be realized, the power battery pack is protected, and the service life of the power battery pack is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of battery-powered ships, in particular to a battery-powered ship with a flywheel energy storage system and a use method thereof.
Background
The world shipping industry is increasingly challenged by high oil prices and environmental protection, the pressure of energy conservation and emission reduction is continuously increased, and green ships become the most important solution and the main direction of future ship development. The novel propulsion power-battery power propulsion of the ship is the leading edge subject of intensive research in various countries of the world, and compared with the traditional ship power system, the battery power ship electric propulsion system has the advantages of wide speed regulation range, convenient installation, convenient maintenance, flexible layout, small vibration and noise, zero emission, good environmental protection performance and the like.
Taking a hydrogen fuel cell ship as an example, the hydrogen fuel cell directly converts chemical energy into electric energy without burning, has the advantages of cleanness, high efficiency, no pollution, low noise, module structure, high power density, continuous operation and the like, and the fuel cell reaction product is water, does not pollute the environment, has no moving parts, is quiet and noiseless, runs reliably, has small maintenance workload and reduces the operation cost. However, the output external characteristics of the hydrogen fuel cell are very soft, when the output power is too low, the efficiency of the fuel cell is seriously reduced, the cold start is difficult, the dynamic response is slow, the recovery of the regenerated energy cannot be realized, in addition, the load demand fluctuation can damage the fuel cell stack, and the life cycle of the fuel cell stack is reduced; similarly, for battery powered vessels powered with a single battery, large fluctuations in power often occur during operation, where the single battery is difficult to meet performance requirements and has a reduced life.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the proposed hydrogen fuel cell, the output external characteristics are very soft, when the output power is too low, the efficiency of the fuel cell is seriously reduced, the cold start is difficult, the dynamic response is slow, the recovery of regenerated energy cannot be realized, and the load demand fluctuation can damage the fuel cell stack and reduce the life cycle of the fuel cell stack; similarly, for a battery-powered ship powered by a single storage battery, the power is often greatly fluctuated in the running process, and at the moment, the single storage battery is difficult to meet the performance requirement and has the technical problem of shortened service life. The invention mainly applies the flywheel energy storage technology to the battery-powered ship, and the flywheel energy storage system and the power battery pack are coordinated to work through the energy management system, so that the dynamic response speed and stability of the battery-powered ship power system are improved, the energy recovery during ship braking can be realized, the power battery pack is protected, and the service life of the power battery pack is prolonged.
The invention adopts the following technical means:
a battery powered watercraft having a flywheel energy storage system comprising: the power distribution device comprises a main switchboard and a distribution board, wherein the main switchboard is respectively communicated with the power battery pack, the propulsion system, the flywheel energy storage system and the distribution board for providing power through the power electronic converter, the distribution board is used for connecting the power consumption load, and the distribution board is used for providing power for the power consumption load; the flywheel energy storage system comprises a flywheel body, a reversible motor/generator and a vacuum chamber, wherein the reversible motor/generator and the vacuum chamber are coaxial with the flywheel body, the flywheel body and the reversible motor/generator are arranged in the vacuum chamber, and the reversible motor/generator is used for driving the flywheel body to rotate for energy storage, or driving the reversible motor/generator to generate electricity under the inertial rotation driving of the flywheel body.
When the ship electric power on the ship is lower than the power provided by the power battery pack, the main switchboard distributes electric energy to the flywheel energy storage system to drive the reversible motor/generator to rotate, so that the flywheel body is driven to store energy in a rotating mode.
When the ship electric power on the ship is higher than the power provided by the power battery pack, the flywheel body is driven by inertial rotation to drive the reversible motor/generator to generate electricity, and the electricity is transmitted to the main switchboard through the power electronic converter.
Further, the power battery pack is a hydrogen fuel battery pack, and the hydrogen fuel battery pack is connected with a hydrogen storage tank.
Further, the propulsion system comprises a propeller and a propulsion motor driving the propeller.
Further, a bidirectional converter is arranged between the flywheel energy storage system and the main switchboard.
Further, the main switchboard is also connected with a fuel power generation device, and the fuel power generation device adopts LNG, diesel oil or mixed fuel of LNG and diesel oil.
Further, the connecting bus in the main switchboard adopts a direct current bus or an alternating current bus; when a direct current bus is adopted as a connecting bus in the main switchboard, the power battery pack is connected with the main switchboard through a DC/DC converter, the propulsion system is connected with the main switchboard through a frequency converter and a first DC/AC inverter, and the distribution board is connected with the main switchboard through a transformer and a second DC/AC inverter; when the connecting bus in the main switchboard adopts an alternating current bus, the power battery pack is connected with the main switchboard through a DC/AC inverter, the propulsion system is connected with the main switchboard through a frequency converter and a first AC/AC converter, and the distribution board is connected with the main switchboard through a second AC/AC converter.
Further, the fuel power plant comprises a generator and a dual fuel engine, and an AC/DC rectifier is provided between the generator and the main switchboard.
The invention also discloses a using method of the battery power ship with the flywheel energy storage system, which comprises the following steps:
when the ship is started, accelerated, overloaded and the like, the required driving power is larger than the power provided by the power battery pack, the flywheel energy storage system works in a discharging mode under the coordination of the energy management system to release the stored electric energy, and the flywheel energy storage system and the power battery pack jointly provide the power required by the propulsion system.
When the ship is idling, sailing at low speed or decelerating, the power of the power battery pack is larger than the driving power, the power battery pack simultaneously supplies power for the flywheel energy storage system and the propulsion system, and the flywheel energy storage system works in a charging mode to store electric energy in the form of the rotational kinetic energy of the flywheel.
Further, when the ship is sailing normally, the power battery pack supplies power to the propulsion system, and the flywheel energy storage system works in a holding mode, so that the ship is neither charged nor discharged. When the ship brakes, the power battery pack stops working, the flywheel energy storage system works in a charging mode, and regenerative braking energy fed back to the power grid is absorbed and stored.
Further, the energy management system comprises a power generation management subsystem, a load management subsystem and a power distribution management subsystem.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the flywheel energy storage system and the power battery pack are used for coordinated work, so that the dynamic response speed and stability of the battery-powered ship power system are improved.
2. The flywheel energy storage system is adopted, so that the regenerative braking energy fed back to the power grid during the braking of the ship can be recovered.
3. The flywheel energy storage system and the power battery pack are used for coordinated work, so that the power battery pack is protected, and the power battery pack can supply power outwards for a long time, efficiently and stably, so that the service life of the power battery pack is prolonged.
4. When the ship loses power due to the failure of the power battery pack or other reasons, the flywheel energy storage system can provide emergency power supply.
5. The flywheel energy storage system has no pollution to the environment and can be charged and discharged repeatedly.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. the device comprises a hydrogen storage tank, 2, a hydrogen fuel cell stack, 3, a DC/DC converter, 4, a main switchboard, 5, a first DC/AC inverter, 6, a frequency converter, 7, a propulsion motor, 8, a propeller, 9, an electric load, 10, a distribution switchboard, 11, a transformer, 12, a second DC/AC inverter, 13, a bidirectional converter, 14, a flywheel body, 15, a first magnetic suspension bearing, 16, a vacuum chamber, 17, a reversible motor/generator, 18, a second magnetic suspension bearing, 19, an AC/DC rectifier, 20, a generator, 21 and a dual-fuel engine.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless it is specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be clear that the dimensions of the respective parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual scale for convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further discussion thereof is necessary in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the azimuth or positional relationships indicated by the azimuth terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal", and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the azimuth or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and simplify the description, and these azimuth terms do not indicate and imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific azimuth or be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention: the orientation word "inner and outer" refers to inner and outer relative to the contour of the respective component itself.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "upper surface at … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial location relative to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "above" or "over" other devices or structures would then be oriented "below" or "beneath" the other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" may include both orientations of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to define the components, and are only for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meaning unless otherwise stated, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a battery powered watercraft having a flywheel energy storage system comprising: the power battery pack, the propulsion system, the power distribution device, the power electronic converter, the flywheel energy storage system and the electricity-consuming load 9 for providing power for ship navigation, the power distribution device comprises a main distribution board and a distribution board, the main distribution board 4 is respectively communicated with the power battery pack, the propulsion system, the flywheel energy storage system and the distribution board 10 for providing power through the power electronic converter, different types of power electronic converters are adopted to be connected with the power battery pack, the propulsion system, the flywheel energy storage system and the distribution board 10, the distribution board 10 is used for being connected with the electricity-consuming load 9, the distribution board 10 provides power for the electricity-consuming load 9, the electricity-consuming load 9 is other unexpected load except for the propulsion system and the flywheel energy storage system, the flywheel energy storage system comprises a flywheel body 14, a reversible motor/generator 17 and a vacuum chamber 16 which are coaxial with the flywheel body 14, the flywheel body 14 and the reversible motor/generator 17 are arranged in the vacuum chamber 16, and the reversible motor/generator 17 is used for driving the flywheel body 14 to rotate for energy storage, or driving the reversible motor/generator 17 under the inertia of the flywheel body 14.
When the ship electric power on the ship is lower than the power provided by the power battery pack, the main switchboard 4 distributes electric energy to the flywheel energy storage system to drive the reversible motor/generator 17 to rotate, so as to drive the flywheel body 14 to rotationally store energy.
When the ship electric power on the ship is higher than the power provided by the power battery pack, the flywheel body 14 is driven by inertial rotation to drive the reversible motor/generator 17 to generate electricity, and the electricity is transmitted to the main switchboard 4 through the power electronic converter.
In the embodiment, the flywheel energy storage system and the power battery pack work cooperatively, and an energy management system is adopted, wherein the energy management system comprises a power generation management subsystem, a load management subsystem and a power distribution management subsystem, the power generation management subsystem provides full-ship power, equipment and domestic electricity, the power distribution management subsystem controls connection and disconnection of bus sections, and the load management subsystem mainly carries out power management and load limitation on a propeller and high-power electric equipment.
In this embodiment, the power battery pack is a hydrogen fuel battery pack 2, and the hydrogen fuel battery pack 2 is connected with a hydrogen storage tank 1, the hydrogen storage tank 1 provides hydrogen for the hydrogen fuel battery pack 2, the hydrogen fuel battery pack 2 generates electric energy through electrochemical reaction, the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel battery pack 2 changes greatly due to unstable electrochemical reaction, and the electric energy is connected with a main switchboard 4 after being subjected to voltage transformation and voltage stabilization by a DC/DC converter 3 and output. Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, the power battery pack may be any other type of battery, which can provide power.
In this embodiment, the propulsion system comprises a propeller 8 and a propulsion motor 7 driving the propeller 8.
In this embodiment, a bidirectional converter 13 is disposed between the flywheel energy storage system and the main switchboard 4, and the bidirectional converter 13 can convert the electric energy generated by the flywheel energy storage system to meet the requirement of the power grid.
In this embodiment, the connection bus in the main switchboard 4 adopts a dc bus or an ac bus; when the connecting bus in the main switchboard 4 adopts a direct current bus, the power battery pack is connected with the main switchboard 4 through the DC/DC converter 3, the propulsion system is connected with the main switchboard 4 through the frequency converter 6 and the first DC/AC inverter 5, the speed of the propeller 8 in the propulsion system can be regulated through the frequency conversion function of the frequency converter 6, the distribution board 10 is connected with the main switchboard through the transformer 11 and the second DC/AC inverter 12, the main switchboard 4 adopts a direct current bus, the eddy current loss of an alternating current power distribution network and the reactive power loss of a circuit do not exist, and in theory, the direct current system has the problems of frequency deviation, three-phase voltage unbalance, reactive power compensation and the like, so that the electric energy quality can be effectively improved, and the reliability of a power grid is improved.
When the connecting bus in the main switchboard 4 adopts an alternating current bus, the power battery pack is connected with the main switchboard 4 through a DC/AC inverter, the propulsion system is connected with the main switchboard 4 through a frequency converter and a first AC/AC converter, and the distribution board 10 is connected with the main switchboard through a second AC/AC converter.
In this embodiment, the driving shaft of the reversible motor/generator 17 is coaxially disposed with the rotating shaft on which the flywheel body 14 is mounted, and bearings are respectively disposed at two ends of the rotating shaft, and the bearings include a first magnetic suspension bearing 15 disposed on one side of the flywheel body 14 and a second magnetic suspension bearing 18 disposed on one side of the reversible motor/generator 17, and are used for cooperating with the vacuum chamber 16, so that energy loss during rotation of the flywheel is greatly reduced, and energy loss during operation of the flywheel energy storage system is reduced.
In this embodiment, the reversible motor/generator 17 is used to drive the flywheel body 14 to rotationally store energy or drive the reversible motor/generator 17 to generate electricity under the inertial rotation drive of the flywheel 14; the reversible motor/generator 17 adopts a direct-current permanent magnet brushless synchronous motor, and the working mode is electric/power generation bidirectional reversible, and has the advantages of simple structure, high operation efficiency and good speed regulation performance; the flywheel energy storage system is also provided with a monitoring instrument for monitoring the rotating speed of the flywheel 14, the monitoring instrument can also detect the temperature of the first magnetic suspension bearing 15 and the second magnetic suspension bearing 18, and parameters such as the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber 16 can accurately detect the energy stored by the flywheel 14.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the main switchboard 4 is further connected with a fuel power generation device, the fuel power generation device adopts LNG, diesel, or a mixed fuel of LNG and diesel, the power battery pack and other power generation devices can jointly provide power for the main switchboard 4 to realize power supply to the ship, and the fuel adopted by the fuel power generation device can be pure LNG, pure diesel, LNG and diesel dual fuel or any other fuel, so that the purpose of the fuel power generation device can be realized to assist in power generation. In the present embodiment, the fuel power plant comprises a generator 20 and a dual fuel engine 21, and an AC/DC rectifier 19 is provided between the generator 20 and the main switchboard 4.
As shown in the figure, the method for using the battery-powered ship with the flywheel energy storage system comprises the following steps:
when the ship is started, accelerated, overloaded and the like, the required driving power is larger than the power provided by the power battery pack, the flywheel energy storage system works in a discharging mode under the coordination of the energy management system to release the stored electric energy, and the flywheel energy storage system and the power battery pack jointly provide the power required by the propulsion system.
When the ship is idling, sailing at low speed or decelerating, the power of the power battery pack is larger than the driving power, the power battery pack simultaneously supplies power for the flywheel energy storage system and the propulsion system, and the flywheel energy storage system works in a charging mode to store electric energy in the form of the rotational kinetic energy of the flywheel.
In the embodiment, when the ship is sailing normally, the power battery pack supplies power to the propulsion system, and the flywheel energy storage system works in a holding mode, so that the ship is neither charged nor discharged; when the ship brakes, the power battery pack stops working, the flywheel energy storage system works in a charging mode, and regenerative braking energy fed back to the power grid is absorbed and stored.
Embodiment 1 as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a battery powered watercraft with a flywheel energy storage system comprising: the power battery pack, the propulsion system, the power distribution device, the power electronic converter, the flywheel energy storage system and the electricity-consuming load 9 for providing power for ship navigation, the power distribution device comprises a main distribution board and a distribution board, the main distribution board 4 is respectively communicated with the power battery pack, the propulsion system, the flywheel energy storage system and the distribution board 10 for providing power through the power electronic converter, different types of power electronic converters are adopted to be connected with the power battery pack, the propulsion system, the flywheel energy storage system and the distribution board 10, the distribution board 10 is used for being connected with the electricity-consuming load 9, the distribution board 10 provides power for the electricity-consuming load 9, the electricity-consuming load 9 is other unexpected load except for the propulsion system and the flywheel energy storage system, the flywheel energy storage system comprises a flywheel body 14, a reversible motor/generator 17 and a vacuum chamber 16 which are coaxial with the flywheel body 14, the flywheel body 14 and the reversible motor/generator 17 are arranged in the vacuum chamber 16, and the reversible motor/generator 17 is used for driving the flywheel body 14 to rotate for energy storage, or driving the reversible motor/generator 17 under the inertia of the flywheel body 14.
When the ship electric power on the ship is lower than the power provided by the power battery pack, the main switchboard 4 distributes electric energy to the flywheel energy storage system to drive the reversible motor/generator 17 to rotate, so as to drive the flywheel body 14 to rotationally store energy.
When the ship electric power on the ship is higher than the power provided by the power battery pack, the flywheel body 14 is driven by inertial rotation to drive the reversible motor/generator 17 to generate electricity, and the electricity is transmitted to the main switchboard 4 through the power electronic converter.
In the embodiment, the flywheel energy storage system and the power battery pack work cooperatively, and an energy management system is adopted, wherein the energy management system comprises a power generation management subsystem, a load management subsystem and a power distribution management subsystem, the power generation management subsystem provides full-ship power, equipment and domestic electricity, the power distribution management subsystem controls connection and disconnection of bus sections, and the load management subsystem mainly carries out power management and load limitation on a propeller and high-power electric equipment.
In this embodiment, the power battery pack is a hydrogen fuel battery pack 2, and the hydrogen fuel battery pack 2 is connected with a hydrogen storage tank 1, the hydrogen storage tank 1 provides hydrogen for the hydrogen fuel battery pack 2, the hydrogen fuel battery pack 2 generates electric energy through electrochemical reaction, the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel battery pack 2 changes greatly due to unstable electrochemical reaction, and the electric energy is connected with a main switchboard 4 after being subjected to voltage transformation and voltage stabilization by a DC/DC converter 3 and output. Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, the power battery pack may be any other type of battery, which can provide power.
In this embodiment, the propulsion system comprises a propeller 8 and a propulsion motor 7 driving the propeller 8.
In this embodiment, a bidirectional converter 13 is disposed between the flywheel energy storage system and the main switchboard 4, and the bidirectional converter 13 can convert the electric energy generated by the flywheel energy storage system to meet the requirement of the power grid.
In this embodiment, the connection bus in the main switchboard 4 adopts a direct current bus, the power battery pack is connected with the main switchboard 4 through the DC/DC converter 3, the propulsion system is connected with the main switchboard 4 through the frequency converter 6 and the first DC/AC inverter 5, the speed of the propeller 8 in the propulsion system can be regulated through the frequency conversion function of the frequency converter 6, the distribution board 10 is connected with the main switchboard through the transformer 11 and the second DC/AC inverter 12, the main switchboard 4 adopts a direct current bus, the eddy current loss of the alternating current distribution network and the reactive power loss of the circuit do not exist, and in theory, the direct current system has no problems of frequency deviation, three-phase voltage unbalance, reactive power compensation and the like, so that the electric energy quality can be effectively improved, and the reliability of the power grid is improved.
In this embodiment, the driving shaft of the reversible motor/generator 17 is coaxially disposed with the rotating shaft on which the flywheel body 14 is mounted, and bearings are respectively disposed at two ends of the rotating shaft, and each bearing includes a first magnetic suspension bearing 15 disposed on one side of the flywheel body 14 and a second magnetic suspension bearing 18 disposed on one side of the reversible motor/generator 17, and is configured to cooperate with the vacuum chamber 16, so that energy loss during rotation of the flywheel is greatly reduced, and energy loss during operation of the flywheel energy storage system is reduced.
In this embodiment, the reversible motor/generator 17 is used to drive the flywheel body 14 to rotationally store energy or drive the reversible motor/generator 17 to generate electricity under the inertial rotation drive of the flywheel 14; the reversible motor/generator 17 adopts a direct-current permanent magnet brushless synchronous motor, and the working mode is electric/power generation bidirectional reversible, and has the advantages of simple structure, high operation efficiency and good speed regulation performance; the flywheel energy storage system is also provided with a monitoring instrument for monitoring the rotating speed of the flywheel 14, the monitoring instrument can also detect the temperature of the first magnetic suspension bearing 15 and the second magnetic suspension bearing 18, and parameters such as the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber 16 can accurately detect the energy stored by the flywheel 14.
Embodiment 2 as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for using the battery-powered ship with flywheel energy storage system of embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:
when the ship is sailing normally, the hydrogen fuel cell group 2 supplies power for the propulsion system and other power loads 9, and the flywheel energy storage system works in a holding mode, so that the ship is neither charged nor discharged.
When the driving power required by the ship under the working conditions of acceleration, overload and the like is larger than the power which can be provided by the hydrogen fuel cell set 2, under the coordination of the energy management system, the flywheel energy storage system works in a discharging mode, the reversible motor/generator 17 works in a generator mode, the rotating flywheel 14 drives the generator 17 to generate electricity by virtue of inertia, stored electric energy is released, and the flywheel energy storage system and the hydrogen fuel cell set 2 jointly provide the power required by the propulsion system.
When the ship is idling, sailing at low speed or decelerating and the like, the power of the hydrogen fuel cell set 2 is larger than the driving power, the hydrogen fuel cell set 2 simultaneously supplies power for a flywheel energy storage system and a propulsion system, the flywheel energy storage system works in a charging mode, the reversible motor/generator 17 works in a motor mode to drive the coaxial flywheel 14 to accelerate and rotate, and electric energy is stored in a form of kinetic energy of rotation of the flywheel 14; the hydrogen fuel cell stack 2 can maintain a relatively stable output power and operate at a relatively high efficiency for a long period of time.
When the ship brakes, the propulsion motor 7 is in a feedback power generation state, the hydrogen fuel cell group 2 stops working at the moment, and the flywheel energy storage system works in a charging mode, so that regenerative braking energy fed back to the power grid can be absorbed and stored.
When the hydrogen fuel cell group 2 is started from a cold state to a normal operation state or when the hydrogen fuel cell group 2 cannot output electric energy due to sudden faults, the electric propulsion system is powered by the flywheel energy storage system in an emergency mode.
Embodiment 3 as shown in fig. 2, the present invention provides a battery powered watercraft with a flywheel energy storage system comprising: the power battery pack, the fuel generating equipment, the propulsion system, the distribution device, the power electronic converter, the flywheel energy storage system and the electricity-consuming load 9 for providing power for ship navigation, the distribution device comprises a main distribution board and a distribution board, the main distribution board 4 is respectively communicated with the power battery pack, the fuel generating equipment, the propulsion system, the flywheel energy storage system and the distribution board 10 for providing power through the power electronic converter, the power electronic converter of different types is adopted to be connected with the power battery pack, the propulsion system, the flywheel energy storage system and the distribution board 10, the distribution board 10 is used for connecting the electricity-consuming load 9, the distribution board 10 provides power for the electricity-consuming load 9, the electricity-consuming load 9 is other loads except for accidents of the propulsion system and the flywheel energy storage system, the flywheel energy storage system comprises a flywheel body 14, a reversible motor/generator 17 and a vacuum chamber 16 which are coaxial with the flywheel body 14, the flywheel body 14 and the reversible motor/generator 17 are arranged in the vacuum chamber 16, and the reversible motor/generator 17 is used for driving the flywheel body 14 to rotate or the flywheel is driven by the motor/generator 17 to rotate under the inertia driving of the flywheel.
In this embodiment, the fuel power generation device uses LNG, diesel, or a mixed fuel of LNG and diesel, the power battery pack may provide power for the main switchboard 4 together with other power generation devices, so as to provide power for the ship, and the fuel used by the fuel power generation device may be pure LNG, pure diesel, LNG, diesel dual fuel, or any other fuel, so as to achieve auxiliary power generation. In the present embodiment, the fuel power plant comprises a generator 20 and a dual fuel engine 21, and an AC/DC rectifier 19 is provided between the generator 20 and the main switchboard 4.
When the ship electric power on the ship is lower than the power provided by the power battery pack, the main switchboard 4 distributes electric energy to the flywheel energy storage system to drive the reversible motor/generator 17 to rotate, so as to drive the flywheel body 14 to rotationally store energy.
When the ship electric power on the ship is higher than the power provided by the power battery pack, the flywheel body 14 is driven by inertial rotation to drive the reversible motor/generator 17 to generate electricity, and the electricity is transmitted to the main switchboard 4 through the power electronic converter.
In the embodiment, the flywheel energy storage system and the power battery pack work cooperatively, and an energy management system is adopted, wherein the energy management system comprises a power generation management subsystem, a load management subsystem and a power distribution management subsystem, the power generation management subsystem provides full-ship power, equipment and domestic electricity, the power distribution management subsystem controls connection and disconnection of bus sections, and the load management subsystem mainly carries out power management and load limitation on a propeller and high-power electric equipment.
In this embodiment, the power battery pack is a hydrogen fuel battery pack 2, and the hydrogen fuel battery pack 2 is connected with a hydrogen storage tank 1, the hydrogen storage tank 1 provides hydrogen for the hydrogen fuel battery pack 2, the hydrogen fuel battery pack 2 generates electric energy through electrochemical reaction, the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel battery pack 2 changes greatly due to unstable electrochemical reaction, and the electric energy is connected with a main switchboard 4 after being subjected to voltage transformation and voltage stabilization by a DC/DC converter 3 and output. Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, the power battery pack may be any other type of battery, which can provide power.
In this embodiment, the propulsion system comprises a propeller 8 and a propulsion motor 7 driving the propeller 8.
In this embodiment, a bidirectional converter 13 is disposed between the flywheel energy storage system and the main switchboard 4, and the bidirectional converter 13 can convert the electric energy generated by the flywheel energy storage system to meet the requirement of the power grid.
In this embodiment, the connection bus in the main switchboard 4 adopts a direct current bus, the power battery pack is connected with the main switchboard 4 through the DC/DC converter 3, the propulsion system is connected with the main switchboard 4 through the frequency converter 6 and the first DC/AC inverter 5, the speed of the propeller 8 in the propulsion system can be regulated through the frequency conversion function of the frequency converter 6, the distribution board 10 is connected with the main switchboard through the transformer 11 and the second DC/AC inverter 12, the main switchboard 4 adopts a direct current bus, the eddy current loss of the alternating current distribution network and the reactive power loss of the circuit do not exist, and in theory, the direct current system has no problems of frequency deviation, three-phase voltage unbalance, reactive power compensation and the like, so that the electric energy quality can be effectively improved, and the reliability of the power grid is improved.
In this embodiment, the driving shaft of the reversible motor/generator 17 is coaxially disposed with the rotating shaft on which the flywheel body 14 is mounted, and bearings are respectively disposed at two ends of the rotating shaft, and each bearing includes a first magnetic suspension bearing 15 disposed on one side of the flywheel body 14 and a second magnetic suspension bearing 18 disposed on one side of the reversible motor/generator 17, and is configured to cooperate with the vacuum chamber 16, so that energy loss during rotation of the flywheel is greatly reduced, and energy loss during operation of the flywheel energy storage system is reduced.
In this embodiment, the reversible motor/generator 17 is used to drive the flywheel body 14 to rotationally store energy or drive the reversible motor/generator 17 to generate electricity under the inertial rotation drive of the flywheel 14; the reversible motor/generator 17 adopts a direct-current permanent magnet brushless synchronous motor, and the working mode is electric/power generation bidirectional reversible, and has the advantages of simple structure, high operation efficiency and good speed regulation performance; the flywheel energy storage system is also provided with a monitoring instrument for monitoring the rotating speed of the flywheel 14, the monitoring instrument can also detect the temperature of the first magnetic suspension bearing 15 and the second magnetic suspension bearing 18, and parameters such as the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber 16 can accurately detect the energy stored by the flywheel 14.
Embodiment 4, as shown in fig. 2, the present invention provides a method for using the battery-powered ship with flywheel energy storage system of embodiment 3, comprising the following steps:
compared with the embodiment 2, the hydrogen fuel battery pack 2 can supply power to the power grid together with the dual-fuel engine 21, and the dual-fuel engine 21 drives the generator 20 to generate power mainly during normal navigation, and the power grid of the ship is supplied with power after passing through the AC/DC rectifier, when the ship is heavy-loaded, the hydrogen fuel battery pack 2 and the dual-fuel engine 21 jointly supply power, the dual-fuel engine 21 provides a basic unchanged base load, the engine 21 works at the highest efficiency point, the excessive load part is provided by the hydrogen fuel battery pack 2, and when the load demand power suddenly increases, the flywheel energy storage system can quickly release energy to meet the load demand, and the hydrogen fuel battery pack 2 is effectively protected.
In this embodiment, the capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 2 is required for ships to enter and exit the port, so that the operation of the engine 21 can be reduced, and the fuel cell stack 2 can be used as a supplement to the load power of daily life during the berthing of the port, so that the noise and pollution level in the port area can be reduced.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A battery powered watercraft having a flywheel energy storage system comprising: the power distribution device comprises a main switchboard and a distribution board, wherein the main switchboard is respectively communicated with the power battery pack, the propulsion system, the flywheel energy storage system and the distribution board for providing power through the power electronic converter, the distribution board is used for connecting the power consumption load, and the distribution board is used for providing power for the power consumption load;
the flywheel energy storage system comprises a flywheel body, a reversible motor/generator and a vacuum chamber, wherein the reversible motor/generator is coaxial with the flywheel body, the flywheel body and the reversible motor/generator are arranged in the vacuum chamber, and the reversible motor/generator is used for driving the flywheel body to rotate for energy storage, or driving the reversible motor/generator to generate electricity under the inertial rotation driving of the flywheel body;
when the ship electric power on the ship is lower than the power provided by the power battery pack, the main switchboard distributes electric energy to the flywheel energy storage system to drive the reversible motor/generator to rotate so as to drive the flywheel body to store energy in a rotating way;
when the ship electric power on the ship is higher than the power provided by the power battery pack, the flywheel body is driven by inertial rotation to drive the reversible motor/generator to generate electricity, and the electricity is transmitted to the main switchboard through the power electronic converter;
the power battery pack is a hydrogen fuel battery pack, and the hydrogen fuel battery pack is connected with a hydrogen storage tank;
the propulsion system comprises a propeller and a propulsion motor driving the propeller;
a bidirectional converter is arranged between the flywheel energy storage system and the main distribution board;
the main switchboard is also connected with fuel power generation equipment, and the fuel power generation equipment adopts LNG, diesel oil or mixed fuel of LNG and diesel oil;
the connecting bus in the main switchboard adopts a direct current bus or an alternating current bus;
when a direct current bus is adopted as a connecting bus in the main switchboard, the power battery pack is connected with the main switchboard through a DC/DC converter, the propulsion system is connected with the main switchboard through a frequency converter and a first DC/AC inverter, and the distribution board is connected with the main switchboard through a transformer and a second DC/AC inverter;
when the connecting bus in the main switchboard adopts an alternating current bus, the power battery pack is connected with the main switchboard through a DC/AC inverter, the propulsion system is connected with the main switchboard through a frequency converter and a first AC/AC converter, and the distribution board is connected with the main switchboard through a second AC/AC converter.
2. The battery powered vessel with a flywheel energy storage system of claim 1 wherein the fuel power plant comprises a generator and a dual fuel engine with an AC/DC rectifier between the generator and the main switchboard.
3. A method of using the battery powered watercraft with a flywheel energy storage system as claimed in claim 1 comprising the steps of:
when the driving power required by the ship is larger than the power provided by the power battery pack under the working conditions of starting, accelerating, overload and the like, the flywheel energy storage system works in a discharging mode under the coordination of the energy management system to release stored electric energy, and the flywheel energy storage system and the power battery pack jointly provide the power required by the propulsion system;
when the ship is idling, sailing at low speed or decelerating, the power of the power battery pack is larger than the driving power, the power battery pack simultaneously supplies power for the flywheel energy storage system and the propulsion system, and the flywheel energy storage system works in a charging mode to store electric energy in the form of the rotational kinetic energy of the flywheel.
4. The method of using a battery powered watercraft having a flywheel energy storage system as defined in claim 3, wherein,
when the ship sails normally, the power battery pack supplies power to the propulsion system, and the flywheel energy storage system works in a holding mode, so that the ship is neither charged nor discharged;
when the ship brakes, the power battery pack stops working, the flywheel energy storage system works in a charging mode, and regenerative braking energy fed back to the power grid is absorbed and stored.
5. The method of using a battery powered vessel having a flywheel energy storage system as defined in claim 3, wherein the energy management system comprises a power generation management subsystem, a load management subsystem, and a distribution management subsystem.
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| CN111600439B (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2023-09-19 | 福建省海润亿利电子科技有限公司 | Flywheel power generation and supply system |
| DE102020211491A1 (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2022-03-17 | Skf Marine Gmbh | energy storage system |
| CN112436500B (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-07-20 | 成都通用整流电器研究所 | Direct current microgrid power generation, transmission and distribution system |
| CN113014037B (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2022-03-22 | 西安交通大学 | Electric gas conversion device with flywheel and stepless transmission and operation method thereof |
| CN113675943A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-11-19 | 上海外高桥造船有限公司 | Power supply system for ship, configuration method and configuration system of power supply system |
| CN113955064A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-01-21 | 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 | Electric energy application system and application method of liquid hydrogen transport ship |
| CN115218723B (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2024-07-23 | 安徽阿拉丁航空航天有限公司 | High-energy directional beam weapon system with continuous electric energy supply |
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