CN110300550B - Ultrasonic medical device - Google Patents
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- CN110300550B CN110300550B CN201780086919.9A CN201780086919A CN110300550B CN 110300550 B CN110300550 B CN 110300550B CN 201780086919 A CN201780086919 A CN 201780086919A CN 110300550 B CN110300550 B CN 110300550B
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Abstract
An ultrasonic medical apparatus (1) according to the present invention is an ultrasonic medical apparatus for heating an organ or a part to be treated to a temperature required for treatment, the ultrasonic medical apparatus including: an ultrasonic element (2) that outputs ultrasonic waves; a drive unit (3) that drives the ultrasonic element (2) so as to output an ultrasound for cavitation (W2) that has an amplitude that provides a pressure equal to or higher than a predetermined pressure after outputting an ultrasound for burning (W1) that has an amplitude that provides a pressure lower than the predetermined pressure to a tissue to be treated (A) to which a drug is administered, the drug having a predetermined boiling point and being bubbled when the predetermined pressure is applied; and a temperature determination unit (5) which determines whether or not the tissue (A) to be treated has reached a predetermined temperature higher than the boiling point, based on the presence or absence of bubbles after a predetermined period of time has elapsed after the drive unit (3) has output the ultrasonic wave (W2) for bubbling.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an ultrasonic medical apparatus.
Background
An ultrasonic therapy method using High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) in combination with microbubbles (micro-bubbles) is known (for example, see patent document 1). HIFU is a technique for focusing ultrasonic waves to form a focal point having a high energy density, and can locally treat living tissue at the focal point.
Nano-droplets can be used to generate microbubbles. The nanodroplets are composed of a membrane of lipid, protein, biodegradable polymer, or the like, and are nano-sized capsules in which a liquid is enclosed. When the nano liquid droplets are irradiated with ultrasonic waves, the liquid is changed into bubbles by the reduction of pressure, and micron-sized bubbles (microbubbles) are generated. The microbubbles are vibrated by the ultrasonic waves, and have a function of promoting a heating action of the living tissue by the ultrasonic irradiation. In addition, the microbubbles are crushed by the ultrasonic waves, and physical energy is generated.
Therefore, for example, in cancer treatment, by focusing nano droplets on cancer tissue and irradiating HIFU to the cancer tissue, cancer cells can be destroyed using HIFU of low energy to the extent that: cells cannot be destroyed by this HIFU alone. The tissue in the region where the nano-droplets are not present is not substantially heated by the low-energy HIFU like this, and thus it is possible to selectively treat only the tissue in the region where the nano-droplets are present.
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese patent No. 5340728
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
In the ultrasonic treatment method of patent document 1, since the temperature of the living tissue irradiated with HIFU cannot be grasped, there is a problem as follows: it is difficult to appropriately control the irradiation amount of HIFU given to the living tissue. When the dose of HIFU is insufficient, the organ or region to be treated cannot be heated to a temperature required for treatment. The appropriate dose of the ultrasonic wave varies depending on the organ, the site, and the state thereof.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an ultrasonic medical device capable of heating an organ or a part to be treated to a temperature required for treatment.
Means for solving the problems
One embodiment of the present invention is an ultrasonic medical apparatus including: an ultrasonic element that outputs ultrasonic waves; a driving unit that drives the ultrasonic wave element so as to output an ultrasonic wave for cavitation having an amplitude that applies a pressure equal to or higher than a predetermined pressure after outputting an ultrasonic wave for burning having an amplitude that applies a pressure lower than the predetermined pressure to a tissue to be treated to which a drug is administered, the drug having a predetermined boiling point and being bubbled when the predetermined pressure is applied; and a temperature determination unit that determines whether or not the tissue to be treated has reached a predetermined temperature higher than the boiling point based on the presence or absence of bubbles after a predetermined time has elapsed after the drive unit outputs the ultrasound for bubbling.
According to this aspect, the firing ultrasound having an amplitude that is lower than the predetermined pressure is output to the tissue to be treated, so that the tissue can be heated to the predetermined temperature without bubbling the drug, and the bubbling ultrasound having an amplitude that is higher than the predetermined pressure is output to the same site, so that the drug can be bubbled. When the temperature of the tissue to be treated exceeds the boiling point of the drug, the bubbles remain for a relatively long time, and when the temperature does not exceed the boiling point of the drug, the bubbles are instantaneously destroyed.
Therefore, the temperature determination unit can determine that the tissue to be treated has reached the predetermined temperature when the bubble is present after the predetermined time has elapsed after the output of the ultrasound for bubbling, and can determine that the tissue has not reached the predetermined temperature when the bubble is destroyed. As a result, the burning ultrasonic wave is output again to the portion determined not to reach the predetermined temperature, whereby the tissue to be treated can be heated to the temperature required for the treatment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an ultrasonic medical apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram for explaining the temperature determination of the tissue to be treated with respect to the ultrasonic medical apparatus of fig. 1.
Fig. 3A is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of treatment using the ultrasonic medical apparatus of fig. 1.
Fig. 3B is a flowchart for explaining a procedure of treatment using the ultrasonic medical apparatus of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a diagram for explaining the protection confirmation of the adjacent tissues of the treatment target tissue with respect to the ultrasonic medical apparatus of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
An ultrasonic medical apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, an ultrasonic medical apparatus 1 of the present embodiment includes: an ultrasonic element 2 that generates ultrasonic waves; a driving unit 3 that drives the ultrasonic element 2 to output a burning ultrasonic wave W1, a bubbling ultrasonic wave W2, and a diagnostic ultrasonic wave W3; an image acquisition unit 4 that receives a reflected echo of the treatment target tissue a from the diagnostic ultrasound W3 and acquires an ultrasound image of the treatment target tissue a; and a temperature determination unit 5 for determining the temperature of the treatment target tissue a based on the ultrasonic image acquired by the image acquisition unit 4.
The ultrasonic element 2 has a concave radiation surface 6 and a convex radiation surface 7, and focuses the burning ultrasonic wave W1 and the bubbling ultrasonic wave W2 on the concave radiation surface 6. On the other hand, the diagnostic ultrasonic wave W3 is output from the convex radiation surface 7.
The burning ultrasonic wave W1 is an ultrasonic wave that applies an amplitude of a pressure equal to or lower than a predetermined pressure to the treatment target tissue a, and does not cause the drug (nano-droplet (effervescent material)) administered to the treatment target tissue a to become bubbled at the predetermined pressure or lower.
As shown in fig. 2, by continuously outputting the burning ultrasonic wave W1, the treatment target tissue a can be heated to a desired temperature without bubbling the drug.
The ultrasound for cavitation W2 is a pulse-like ultrasound that applies an amplitude of pressure to the drug, the pressure being such that the drug (nano-droplets (cavitating material)) administered to the tissue a to be treated is bubbled. As shown in fig. 2, the ultrasonic medical apparatus 1 outputs the ultrasound W2 for bubbling in a short time, thereby bubbling the drug without heating the treatment target tissue a.
The ultrasonic wave W2 for bubbling is a pulse as short as possible, and preferably has about 1 to 2 cycles, for example. This is to prevent the bubbles generated at the start of the waveform of the ultrasonic wave W2 for bubbling from being broken by the latter half of the same ultrasonic wave W2 for bubbling.
The nanodroplets are composed of lipid membranes, proteins, or membranes of polymers, and are nano-sized capsules in which a liquid is enclosed. The membrane retains a ligand that specifically binds to a specific component in vivo. The liquid has a boiling point higher than the body temperature (37 ℃) and lower than the boiling point of water (100 ℃). In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the ultrasonic medical device 1 treats cancer tissue by burning the ultrasonic wave W1. Thus, the nanodroplets use a ligand that specifically binds to cancer cells and a liquid with a boiling point at a temperature (e.g., 50 ℃) that kills cancer cells. In the nano-droplets, perfluorobutane or perfluoropentane, for example, is used. Perfluorobutane and perfluoropentane are similar in molecular structure and therefore easily miscible. By using two or more of these substances having different boiling points and adjusting the mixing ratio, the desired boiling point can be adjusted.
The nano droplets are irradiated with ultrasonic waves W2 for bubbling having an amplitude equal to or greater than a predetermined value, thereby bubbling. When the nano-droplets are irradiated with ultrasonic waves W2 for bubbling, the nano-droplets are bubbled by decreasing the region irradiated with the ultrasonic waves to a negative pressure, and microbubbles that are micron-sized bubbles are generated. The microbubbles have a higher reflectance with respect to the ultrasonic wave W3 for diagnosis than the tissue a to be treated. Therefore, in the ultrasound image based on the reflected echo from the treatment target tissue a of the diagnostic ultrasound W3, the region of the microbubbles has a higher brightness value than the region of the treatment target tissue a.
The drive unit 3 divides the tissue a to be treated into a plurality of regions, and sequentially irradiates each region with the burning ultrasonic wave W1 and the bubbling ultrasonic wave W2. Specifically, the drive unit 3 outputs the burning ultrasonic wave W1 in the 1 st output time range and then outputs the bubbling ultrasonic wave W2 in the 2 nd output time range for the 1 st region. Next, the driving unit 3 changes the irradiation position of the ultrasonic wave to the 2 nd region different from the 1 st region, and outputs the burning ultrasonic wave W1 and the bubbling ultrasonic wave W2. The drive unit 3 performs the above-described processing for all the regions.
Next, at the time when the output of the burning ultrasonic wave W1 and the bubbling ultrasonic wave W2 to the entire region is finished, the driving unit 3 sequentially outputs the diagnostic ultrasonic wave W3 to the entire region, and receives the reflected echo by the ultrasonic element 2.
The image acquisition unit 4 amplifies the echo signal output from the ultrasonic element 2, converts the amplitude of the amplified echo signal into a luminance value, and forms an ultrasonic image based on the converted luminance value.
The temperature determination unit 5 compares the brightness value of each image group acquired by the image acquisition unit 4 with a predetermined threshold value, determines that the temperature is higher than the boiling point of the chemical liquid in a region where the brightness value is higher than the threshold value, and determines that the temperature is not higher than the boiling point of the chemical liquid when the brightness value is not higher than the threshold value.
The temperature determination unit 5 sets a region corresponding to a pixel determined not to be heated to a temperature higher than the boiling point of the chemical solution as a temperature-not-reached region, and outputs the temperature-not-reached region to the drive unit 3.
When the temperature-less-than-temperature region is outputted from the temperature determination unit 5, the drive unit 3 controls the driving so that the burning ultrasonic wave W1 is outputted again to the temperature-less-than-temperature region.
In this case, when the burning ultrasonic wave W1 is output again to the temperature-deficient region, the drive unit 3 increases at least one of the output intensity and the output time of the burning ultrasonic wave W1 to output the burning ultrasonic wave.
The operation of the ultrasonic medical apparatus 1 of the present embodiment configured in this manner will be described below.
As shown in fig. 3A and 3B, when the ultrasonic medical device 1 according to the present embodiment is used to treat the tissue a to be treated, first, the user administers a drug including nano droplets to the tissue a to be treated (step S1). The nano-droplets are collected on the cancer tissue.
Next, the drive unit 3 sets the region number N to 1 (step S2), focuses the ultrasonic element 2 on the nth region of the treatment target tissue a (step S3), and irradiates the nth region with the burning ultrasonic wave W1 and the bubbling ultrasonic wave W2 in this order (steps S4 and S5).
The driving unit 3 determines whether or not the irradiation of the ultrasonic wave is completed for all the preset regions (step S6), and if not, increments the region number N by 1 (step S7), and repeats the steps from step S3 to step S7.
Each region of the tissue a to be treated is heated by irradiating a predetermined region of the tissue a to be treated with the burning ultrasonic wave W1 for a predetermined time. The burning ultrasonic wave W1 is an ultrasonic wave having an amplitude that gives a pressure equal to or lower than a predetermined pressure at which the nano-droplets are not bubbled, and therefore, only the tissue a to be treated is heated while keeping the state in which the micro-bubbles are not generated.
On the other hand, the nano-droplets are bubbled to generate microbubbles by irradiating the ultrasound for bubbling W2 for a sufficiently short time, but the irradiation of the ultrasound for bubbling W2 is limited to a sufficiently short time, whereby the microbubbles can be generated without heating the tissue a to be treated.
The generated microbubbles are destroyed with the passage of time. The speed of collapse of the microbubbles depends on the relationship between the boiling point of the liquid of the nano-droplets and the temperature of the tissue surrounding the microbubbles when the microbubbles are bubbled.
If the microbubble destruction rate when the temperature around the microbubbles is equal to the boiling point of the microbubbles when the microbubbles are formed is set to a threshold value, the microbubble continues to exist stably when the temperature of the surrounding tissue is equal to or higher than the boiling point of the liquid, and therefore the destruction rate is set to a predetermined threshold value or lower. On the other hand, when the temperature of the surrounding tissue is lower than the boiling point, the microbubbles are rapidly destroyed, and thus the destruction rate is higher than the predetermined threshold value.
When the irradiation of the ultrasonic waves by the driving unit 3 is completed for all the regions (step S6), the driving unit 3 then irradiates the ultrasonic waves W3 for diagnosis for all the regions (step S8) and acquires an ultrasonic image (step S9). The region number M is set to 1 (step S10).
The temperature determination unit 5 determines whether or not there is a bubble based on the brightness value of each pixel of the acquired ultrasound image, and determines whether or not the region of the treatment target tissue a corresponding to each pixel is heated to a predetermined temperature (step S11). When the M-th region is not sufficiently heated, the region is set as a temperature-insufficient region, and the region number is output to the drive unit 3 (step S12).
It is determined whether or not the region number M is equal to N of all the regions set as the treatment target region (i.e., whether or not the treatment is performed for all the regions) (step S13), and if not completed, the region number M is incremented (step S14), and the steps S11 to S14 are repeated.
That is, in step S11, the process is performed after a predetermined time has elapsed after the irradiation of the ultrasound wave for bubbling W2 (determination of whether or not there are bubbles), and when the ultrasound wave for bubbling W2 is irradiated, microbubbles are detected when the temperature of the tissue a to be treated is 50 ℃ or higher, which is the boiling point of the liquid, and microbubbles are not detected when the temperature of the tissue a to be treated is less than 50 ℃.
When the number of the insufficient temperature region is output, the drive unit 3 increases at least one of the output time and the output intensity of the burning ultrasonic wave W1 (step S15), moves the focal point of the ultrasonic element 2 to the insufficient temperature region (step S16), and outputs the burning ultrasonic wave W1 again (step S17). The temperature determination unit 5 determines whether or not the re-output of the burning ultrasonic wave W1 is performed for all the temperature-deficient regions (step S18), and if not completed, repeats the process from step S16.
As described above, according to the ultrasonic medical device 1 of the present embodiment, the remaining microbubbles are detected from the brightness value of the ultrasonic image, and it can be determined that the region in which the microbubbles are detected is sufficiently heated. On the other hand, a region in which microbubbles are not detected can be determined to be insufficiently heated.
The mechanism of the relatively long residence time when the bubble formation occurs only when the ambient temperature exceeds the boiling point is not completely understood, and the following assumptions are now considered. Perfluorocarbons are inherently more soluble in oxygen. It is considered that dissolved gas such as oxygen migrates from the surrounding medium into the bubbles and precipitates as gas, and the composition of droplets, which are primarily perfluorocarbons, changes, and thus (bubbles) remain. In order to enhance this effect, a pulse having a small amplitude and a long length is irradiated after the irradiation of the bubbling pulse to enhance the effect of rectifying diffusion, thereby providing a large difference in the residual time.
That is, the temperature of the treatment target tissue a after the ultrasonic irradiation can be measured for each region only by analyzing the brightness value of the ultrasonic image. Therefore, there is an advantage that it is possible to measure the temperature easily without using a large device such as MRI and perform appropriate treatment on the treatment target tissue a.
Furthermore, there are the following advantages: since the ultrasonic medical apparatus 1 of the present embodiment irradiates the region where no microbubbles are detected with the burning ultrasonic wave W1 in which at least one of the output time and the output intensity is increased, the region that is insufficiently heated can be further burned with the burning ultrasonic wave W1 in which the burning effect is enhanced.
In the present embodiment, by using the brightness value of the ultrasound image, it is possible to accurately detect the occurrence of microbubbles in any treatment target tissue a, and the detection is not limited to cancer tissue. Therefore, there are the following advantages: the tissue a to be treated can be sufficiently heated regardless of the organ, the part, or the state of the organ or the part as the tissue a to be treated.
In the present embodiment, the ultrasound image is obtained by irradiating the entire region with the burning ultrasound W1 and the cavitation ultrasound W2 and then irradiating the entire region with the diagnostic ultrasound W3, but the ultrasound image may be obtained by irradiating each region with the burning ultrasound W1 and the cavitation ultrasound W2 and then irradiating the entire region with the diagnostic ultrasound W3.
Note that, instead of all the regions, the burning ultrasonic wave W1 and the bubbling ultrasonic wave W2 may be irradiated to a certain number of regions, and then the diagnostic ultrasonic wave W3 may be irradiated to obtain an ultrasonic image.
In the present embodiment, it is determined that heating is sufficient depending on the microbubble remaining in the region to be treated that needs to be heated. In addition, as shown in fig. 4, it may be confirmed that the adjacent region is protected from heating by injecting nano-droplets also in the adjacent region adjacent to the treatment target region which does not require heating, irradiating only the ultrasonic wave W2 for bubbling without irradiating the ultrasonic wave W1 for burning, and confirming that no microbubbles remain.
In the present embodiment, the ultrasound element 2 is configured to output the burning ultrasound W1, the bubbling ultrasound W2, and the diagnostic ultrasound W3, but the burning ultrasound W1 and the bubbling ultrasound W2 may be output from the same region or from different regions, and may be provided separately. The ultrasonic element 2 that outputs the burning ultrasonic wave W1 and the bubbling ultrasonic wave W2 may be formed by arranging a plurality of ultrasonic element pieces in an array, or the focus may be moved by switching the ultrasonic element pieces that output the ultrasonic waves.
In the present embodiment, the temperature reached by the treatment target tissue a is determined based on the brightness value of the ultrasound image, but instead, when bubbles in the ultrasound image can be detected, the temperature reached by the treatment target tissue a may be determined by detecting the presence or absence of bubbles.
Description of the reference symbols
1: an ultrasonic medical device; 2: an ultrasonic element; 3: a drive section; 5: a temperature determination unit; a: treating a tissue of a subject; w1: firing using ultrasonic waves; w2: ultrasonic wave for bubbling; w3: ultrasound for diagnosis.
Claims (7)
1. An ultrasonic medical device, comprising:
an ultrasonic element that outputs ultrasonic waves;
a driving unit that drives the ultrasonic wave element so as to output an ultrasonic wave for cavitation having an amplitude that applies a pressure equal to or higher than a predetermined pressure after outputting an ultrasonic wave for burning having an amplitude that applies a pressure lower than the predetermined pressure to a tissue to be treated to which a drug is administered, the drug having a predetermined boiling point and being bubbled when the predetermined pressure is applied; and
and a temperature determination unit that determines whether or not the tissue to be treated has reached a predetermined temperature higher than the boiling point based on the presence or absence of bubbles after a predetermined time has elapsed after the drive unit outputs the ultrasound for bubbling.
2. The ultrasonic medical device of claim 1,
the ultrasound medical apparatus outputs diagnostic ultrasound to acquire an image of the tissue to be treated, and the temperature determination unit determines that the tissue to be treated has reached the predetermined temperature when the image is at least a predetermined brightness value.
3. The ultrasonic medical device of claim 1 or 2,
the drive unit divides the tissue to be treated into a plurality of regions, and outputs the burning ultrasonic wave and the bubbling ultrasonic wave to the respective regions,
the temperature determination unit performs the determination after the output of the ultrasound to the plurality of regions of the tissue to be treated is completed.
4. The ultrasonic medical device of claim 3,
when the temperature determination unit determines that there is a temperature-deficient region in which the temperature does not reach the predetermined temperature, the drive unit increases at least one of the output intensity and the output time of the firing ultrasonic wave, and outputs the firing ultrasonic wave to the temperature-deficient region.
5. The ultrasonic medical device of claim 1 or 2,
the drive unit outputs the ultrasonic wave for bubbling to a tissue adjacent to the tissue to be treated,
the temperature determination unit determines whether or not the adjacent tissue is protected, based on the presence or absence of the state of the bubble in the adjacent tissue.
6. The ultrasonic medical device of claim 3,
the drive unit outputs the ultrasonic wave for bubbling to a tissue adjacent to the tissue to be treated,
the temperature determination unit determines whether or not the adjacent tissue is protected, based on the presence or absence of the state of the bubble in the adjacent tissue.
7. The ultrasonic medical device of claim 4,
the drive unit outputs the ultrasonic wave for bubbling to a tissue adjacent to the tissue to be treated,
the temperature determination unit determines whether or not the adjacent tissue is protected, based on the presence or absence of the state of the bubble in the adjacent tissue.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2017/007696 WO2018158805A1 (en) | 2017-02-28 | 2017-02-28 | Ultrasonic medical apparatus |
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| CN110300550A CN110300550A (en) | 2019-10-01 |
| CN110300550B true CN110300550B (en) | 2021-12-07 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2018158805A1 (en) | 2018-09-07 |
| CN110300550A (en) | 2019-10-01 |
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