CN110297288A - A kind of low decaying step change type orbital angular momentum optical fiber - Google Patents
A kind of low decaying step change type orbital angular momentum optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN110297288A CN110297288A CN201910300226.6A CN201910300226A CN110297288A CN 110297288 A CN110297288 A CN 110297288A CN 201910300226 A CN201910300226 A CN 201910300226A CN 110297288 A CN110297288 A CN 110297288A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03605—Highest refractive index not on central axis
- G02B6/03611—Highest index adjacent to central axis region, e.g. annular core, coaxial ring, centreline depression affecting waveguiding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03694—Multiple layers differing in properties other than the refractive index, e.g. attenuation, diffusion, stress properties
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of low decaying orbital angular momentum optical fiber of step change type, it include sandwich layer and covering, the sandwich layer R1 is 3~5 microns, Δ 1 is -0.08%~0.08%, annular sandwich layer is successively coated outside sandwich layer from inside to outside, sink covering and surrounding layer, annular sandwich layer successively includes annular sandwich layer from inside to outside, sink annular sandwich layer and outer ring sandwich layer, the R2 of annular sandwich layer is 4~6 μm, Δ 2 is 0.7%~1%, the annular sandwich layer R3 that sink is 5~7 μm, Δ 3 is 0.6%~0.9%, the R4 of outer ring sandwich layer is 7~9 μm, Δ 4 is 0.7%~1%, and Δ 4 is equal or of substantially equal with Δ 2, the covering R5 that sink is 11~16 μm, Δ 5 is -0.6%~-0.3%, above-mentioned relative fefractive index difference is each layer of optical fiber and surrounding layer Relative fefractive index difference, the surrounding layer is the surrounding layer that relatively pure silicon dioxide layer is negative index.The present invention can not only support the long distance signal transmission of four modal sets, decay low, and the good combination properties such as the crosstalk of optical fiber, the macrobend of each mode and microbending loss.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of space division multiplexing transmission optical fiber for optical fiber telecommunications system, and in particular to a kind of low decaying rank
Jump type orbital angular momentum (OAM) optical fiber.
Background technique
In recent years, with cloud computing, the rise of big data, mobile Internet, there is collaboration and number between High-effective Service device
According to the data center of processing capacity, becomes apparent informational capacity and information density increases hot spot, thus mutual to data center
Even the promotion of traffic rate proposes an urgent demand.Due to data center interconnection communication show number of devices is numerous, wiring is complicated,
The features such as interface density is big relies solely on and improves device modulation bandwidth, increases optical fiber link or has different wavelength stabilizations defeated
The quantity of light source out will definitely increase cost, power consumption, complexity etc. of system operation or maintenance, therefore, using new modulation/
Multiplex mode increases single fiber/wavelength transmission rate in the case of finite bandwidth, is counted as promoting data center interconnection rate
Effective solution.
1. further generation data hub interconnection of table communicates relevant criterion or requirement
Table 1 gives the Ethernet relevant criterion towards the communication of next-generation data center interconnection.It can be seen that next-generation logical
Beacon standard proposes more and more harsh requirement to single fiber Single wavelength rate.And in actual fiber system, it is limited to system noise
Than and the factors such as nonlinear fiber, high order modulation and polarization multiplexing dilatation ability are still limited, to meeting next algebra
It is communicated according to hub interconnection, such as 800GE, 1TE, even 1.6TE, still there is biggish challenge.And based on multi-core optical fiber or
Space division multiplexing (SDM) technology of multimode fibre, because having biggish extension potentiality on the mode of optical fiber, Spatial Dimension, and can be with
Higher order modulation formats and polarization multiplexing are compatible, therefore single fiber/wavelength message capacity can be substantially improved.In addition, root
It is higher for power consumption requirements logical according to the new theory that the Miller and Kahn of Stanford University are proposed based on Shannon's theorems
Letter system should use more space channels as far as possible, and reduce the message capacity of each space channel relatively.Therefore, it uses
The SDM technology of more space channels, on the basis of not increasing optical fiber link quantity, theoretically unit work consumptiom may be implemented higher
Transmission capacity is more applicable for communicating the higher data center interconnection of power consumption requirements, further improves its application potential.
Space division multiplexing and mode division multiplexing technology can break traditional shannon limit, realize the transmission of more high bandwidth, be solution
The certainly best method of transmission capacity problem.Support the optical fiber i.e. multi-core optical fiber and less fundamental mode optical fibre of this multiplexing technology.Experiment shows to make
With less fundamental mode optical fibre combination MIMO technology signal can be transmitted under more than one space-propagation mode.And MIMO technology can
Intercoupling between compensation model separates each spatial model in receiving end.United States Patent (USP) US8948559,
US8848285, US8837892, US8705922 and Chinese patent CN104067152, CN103946729 etc. propose parabolic
The less fundamental mode optical fibre of line style or step type profile, but there are advantage and disadvantage for each.Less fundamental mode optical fibre manufacture with step type profile
Simple process, it is easy to accomplish produce in enormous quantities, but it usually has biggish DGD, even as high as thousands of ps/km.Parabolic type
The less fundamental mode optical fibre of section has more customized parameters so that intermode crosstalk and DGD reach very low level, but it is made
Standby complex process, alpha parameter are difficult to accurately equably control, and repeatability is not high.And refractive index profile is along prefabricated rods axial direction
On minor fluctuations can cause the significant change of DGD at optical fiber difference segment length.
In recent years, the MDM system based on annular doped core optical fiber (RCF, hereinafter referred to as ring core optical fiber) is gradually risen.It is radial
The RCF of single order limitation can eliminate cross talk effects of the radial higher order mode to certain angular higher order modes, and (such as LP12 is to LP31 mould
The cross talk effects etc. of formula etc.) and it is different from common MMF, higher order mode often has lower intermode crosstalk；The radial direction of RCF
Limitation is more advantageous to stablizing for OAM mode and transmits；In addition, RCF optical fiber does not break the circle symmetry characteristic of fibre-optic waveguide, relatively
It is lower to drawing process requirement in the polarization-maintainings such as elliptical fiber MMF, thus there is higher practical application value.
Although RCF has the advantages that above, relative to common MMF/FMF, still there is RCF relatively large optical fiber to decline
Subtract and mode between crosstalk.This is primarily due to the cyclic annular fibre core distribution of RCF, so that the interface of sandwich layer and covering is by ordinary optic fibre
One increase most two.So, fibre core clad interface defect in actually drawing, being laid with, to the coupling between mode
Influence becomes apparent, and leads to crosstalk and the increase of optical fiber attenuation.Chinese patent CN108680990A reports a kind of toroidal cores
Orbital angular momentum optical fiber, but its attenuation is greater than 1dB/km, is only used for short-distance transmission.Chinese patent CN106338793A report
A kind of RCF optical fiber can inhibit the higher order mode of certain easy couplings, but it decays to 0.31dB/km, still with low-loss
There are certain gaps by FMF.
Decaying for silica fibre in 600nm-1600nm mostlys come from Rayleigh scattering, as caused by Rayleigh scattering
Attenuation alphaRIt can be calculated by following formula:
In formula, λ is wavelength (μm), and R is (dB/km/ μm of rayleigh scattering coefficient4), P is light intensity.When rayleigh scattering coefficient is true
When recognizing, B is corresponding constant.As long as declining caused by rayleigh scattering coefficient R can be obtained by because of Rayleigh scattering has thus been determined
Subtract αR(dB/km).On the one hand Rayleigh scattering is due to caused by density fluctuation, be on the other hand as caused by fluctuation of concentration.Cause
And rayleigh scattering coefficient R can be expressed as
R=Rd+Rc
In above formula, RdAnd RcRespectively indicate the variation of the rayleigh scattering coefficient due to caused by density fluctuation and fluctuation of concentration.Its
Middle RcIt for the fluctuation of concentration factor, is mainly influenced by fiber glass part doping concentration, theoretically uses fewer Ge
With F or other doping, RcSmaller, this is also that current external certain enterprises are designed in single mode optical fiber using pure silicon core, is realized
The reason of low fade performance.
And parameter RdIt is related by the virtual temperature of glass, when optical fiber is designed using pure silicon core, to guarantee being all-trans for optical fiber
It penetrates, it is necessary to be matched using the F doping inner cladding of relatively lower refractive rate.The sandwich layer part viscosity of pure silicon core is relatively in this way
Height, and the inner cladding viscosity of a large amount of F doping is lower simultaneously, and the matching of optical fiber structure viscosity will be caused unbalance, to make the void of optical fiber
Quasi- temperature increases sharply, and causes the R of optical fiberdIncrease.Not only counteracting doping in this way reduces bring benefit, is more likely to cause light
Fibre decaying is reversed abnormal.
Summary of the invention
The content of present invention is introduced for convenience, is defined as follows term:
Relative fefractive index difference Δ niFor the relative fefractive index difference of optical fiber each layer (in addition to surrounding layer) and surrounding layer.
It is counted from fiber core central axes, according to the variation of refractive index, is defined as near that layer of central axes being fibre core
Layer, the outermost layer of optical fiber are optical fiber jacket.
Each layer relative fefractive index difference Δ n of optical fiberiIt is defined by following equation:
Wherein, niFor the refractive index of each layer of optical fiber (in addition to covering), ncFor cladding refractive index.
The relative fefractive index difference contribution amount Δ Ge of fiber core layer Ge doping is defined by following equation:
Wherein, nGeFor the Ge dopant of fibre core, in being doped to the pure silicon dioxide without other dopants, caused two
The variable quantity of silica glass refractive index, wherein ncFor the refractive index of pure silicon dioxide.
The relative fefractive index difference contribution amount Δ F of fiber core layer F doping is defined by following equation:
Wherein, nFFor the F dopant of fibre core, in being doped to the pure silicon dioxide without other dopants, caused two
The variable quantity of silica glass refractive index, wherein ncFor the refractive index of pure silicon dioxide.
The effective area of each mode of optical fiber:
Wherein, E is and propagates related electric field, and r is the distance between axle center to field distribution point.
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in provide a kind of low decaying in view of the deficiency of the prior art
Step change type orbital angular momentum optical fiber, the optical fiber can not only support the long distance signal transmission of four modal sets, and decay low, Er Qieguang
The good combination properties such as the macrobend and microbending loss of fine crosstalk, each mode.
The present invention is by solving the problems, such as the technical solution set forth above taken are as follows: includes sandwich layer and covering, feature
It is that the core radius R1 is 3~5 μm, sandwich layer relative fefractive index difference Δ 1 is -0.08%~0.08%, and sandwich layer is outer from introversion
Successively coat that annular sandwich layer, sink covering and surrounding layer outside, the annular sandwich layer successively include from inside to outside annular sandwich layer,
Sink annular sandwich layer and outer ring sandwich layer, wherein the radius R2 of the annular sandwich layer is 4~6 μm, relative fefractive index difference Δ 2
It is 0.7%~1%, the sagging annular core radius R3 is 5~7 μm, and relative fefractive index difference Δ 3 is 0.6%~0.9%,
The radius R4 of the outer ring sandwich layer be 7~9 μm, relative fefractive index difference Δ 4 be 0.7%~1%, and Δ 4 it is equal with Δ 2 or
Of substantially equal, the sagging cladding radius R5 is 11~16 μm, and relative fefractive index difference Δ 5 is -0.6%~-0.3%, above-mentioned
Relative fefractive index difference is relative fefractive index difference of each layer of optical fiber (sandwich layer, annular sandwich layer and sagging covering) with surrounding layer, described
Surrounding layer is the surrounding layer that relatively pure silicon dioxide layer is negative index, and radius R6 is 62.5 μm.
According to the above scheme, the surrounding layer relative fefractive index difference (relatively pure silicon dioxide layer) be -0.3%~-
0.5%.
According to the above scheme, the optical fiber supports the propagation of 4 OAM modal sets: OAM-0 rank, OAM- ± 1 on C-band
± 3 rank of rank, ± 2 rank of OAM- and OAM-.
According to the above scheme, the sandwich layer is the silica glass layer that germanium fluorine is co-doped with, or the silica for Fluorin doped
Glassy layer, wherein the relative fefractive index difference contribution amount of Fluorin doped is -0.02%~-0.3%.
According to the above scheme, the annular sandwich layer is the silica glass layer that germanium fluorine is co-doped with, and wherein Fluorin doped is opposite
Refringence contribution amount is -0.02%~-0.2%.
According to the above scheme, the crosstalk between ± 1 rank mode of the optical fiber OAM-0 rank mode and OAM- is less than -5dB/50km,
Crosstalk between ± 2 rank mode of ± 1 rank mode of OAM- and OAM- is less than -13dB/50km, ± 3 rank of ± 2 rank mode of OAM- and OAM-
Crosstalk between mode is less than -13dB/50km, and the crosstalk between ± 3 rank mode of ± 1 rank mode of OAM- and OAM- is less than -21dB/
50km。
According to the above scheme, the attenuation of the optical fiber each rank mode at wavelength 1550nm is respectively less than or is equal to 0.23dB/km.
Preferably, the attenuation of the optical fiber each rank mode at wavelength 1550nm is respectively less than or is equal to 0.21dB/km.
According to the above scheme, microbending loss of each mode of the optical fiber at wavelength 1700nm is less than or equal to 5dB/km.
According to the above scheme, at wavelength 1550nm, the macrobend that R15mm bend radius 10 is enclosed damages each mode of the optical fiber
Consumption is equal to or less than 0.25dB, and the macrobending loss that R10mm bend radius 1 is enclosed is equal to or less than 0.75dB.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1, the sandwich layer design that using germanium fluorine is co-doped with reasonably devises inside of optical fibre
Viscosity matching, reduces the defects of fiber preparation, reduces the attenuation coefficient of optical fiber.It can not only support the length of four modal sets
Distance signal transmission, and each modal sets all have lower attenuation coefficient.2, pass through rationally setting to each layer section of optical fiber
Meter, especially by the intermediate sagging annular sandwich layer of setting, so that the crosstalk between each mode of optical fiber is lower.3, optical fiber of the invention
The comprehensive performance parameters such as the macrobend and microbending loss of four modal sets are good in application band.Space division multiplexing technology can be used, into
The long distance signal transmission of four modal sets of row, each mode all have lower attenuation coefficient, can support low-loss few
Mould multiplexing transmission.4, the outermost covering of optical fiber is the fluorine doped covering of negative index, can reduce the doping of annular sandwich layer, is further dropped
The low decaying of optical fiber.5, the present invention uses step change type core structure, uses PCVD technology to deposit plug in optical fiber preparation, then
It covers outer tube and carries out wire drawing, be not only convenient for manufacturing and produce, and also reduce production cost.6, single order of the present invention from optical fiber
Perturbation theory model is set out, and each design parameter of RCF (ring core mean radius, thickness, relative fefractive index difference, index distribution) is probed into
Influence to the coefficient of coup between neighboring modes, and then optimize fiber design, it further decreases between optical fiber attenuation and mode
Crosstalk, while low attenuation optical fiber is prepared using the method for reducing each mode Rayleigh scattering of optical fiber.Final realize has rise from appearance
Amount product, low cost of implementation, the OAM mode division multiplexing communication system of low complex degree interconnect communication system for further generation data central optical fiber
The upgrading of system provides foundation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the radial section structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the Refractive Index Profile of Optical schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
It include sandwich layer and covering, the core radius is R1, and sandwich layer is step change type structure, and sandwich layer relative fefractive index difference is
Δ1；Annular sandwich layer, the annular sandwich layer that sink, outer ring sandwich layer, sink covering and outsourcing are successively coated outside sandwich layer from inside to outside
Layer, the radius of the annular sandwich layer are R2, and relative fefractive index difference is Δ 2；The radius of the sagging annular sandwich layer is R3,
Relative fefractive index difference is Δ 3；The radius of the outer ring sandwich layer is R4, and relative fefractive index difference is Δ 4；The sagging covering
Radius be R5, relative fefractive index difference be Δ 5；Above-mentioned relative fefractive index difference is each layer of optical fiber (sandwich layer, annular sandwich layer and packet that sink
Layer) with the relative fefractive index difference of surrounding layer, the surrounding layer is the surrounding layer that relatively pure silicon dioxide layer is negative index, outside
Cladding relative refractive poor (relatively pure silicon dioxide layer) is -0.3%~-0.5%, and surrounding layer radius R6 is 62.5 μm.This hair
The structure and Specifeca tion speeification of bright 5 embodiment optical fiber are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
Table 1: the structure of embodiment optical fiber
Table 2: the Specifeca tion speeification of embodiment optical fiber
Claims (9)
1. a kind of low decaying step change type orbital angular momentum optical fiber, includes sandwich layer and covering, it is characterised in that the core radius
R1 is 3~5 microns, and sandwich layer relative fefractive index difference Δ 1 is -0.08%~0.08%, and successively cladding is annular from inside to outside outside sandwich layer
Sandwich layer, sink covering and surrounding layer, the annular sandwich layer successively include from inside to outside annular sandwich layer, sink annular sandwich layer and
Outer ring sandwich layer, wherein the radius R2 of the annular sandwich layer is 4~6 μm, relative fefractive index difference Δ 2 is 0.7%~1%,
The sagging annular core radius R3 is 5~7 μm, and relative fefractive index difference Δ 3 is 0.6%~0.9%, the outer ring core
The radius R4 of layer is 7~9 μm, and relative fefractive index difference Δ 4 is 0.7%~1%, and Δ 4 is equal or of substantially equal with Δ 2, described
Sagging cladding radius R5 be 11~16 μm, relative fefractive index difference Δ 5 is -0.6%~-0.3%, and above-mentioned relative fefractive index difference is
The relative fefractive index difference of optical fiber each layer and surrounding layer, the surrounding layer are the outsourcing that relatively pure silicon dioxide layer is negative index
Layer, radius R6 are 62.5 μm.
2. low decaying step change type orbital angular momentum optical fiber according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the surrounding layer is opposite
Refringence is -0.3%~-0.5%.
3. low decaying step change type orbital angular momentum optical fiber as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the optical fiber is in C
The propagation of 4 OAM modal sets: OAM-0 rank, ± 3 rank of ± 1 rank of OAM-, ± 2 rank of OAM- and OAM- is supported on wave band.
4. low decaying step change type orbital angular momentum optical fiber as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the sandwich layer is germanium
The silica glass layer that fluorine is co-doped with, or be the silica glass layer of Fluorin doped, the wherein relative fefractive index difference tribute of Fluorin doped
The amount of offering is -0.02%~-0.3%.
5. low decaying step change type orbital angular momentum optical fiber as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the annular sandwich layer
For the silica glass layer that germanium fluorine is co-doped with, wherein the relative fefractive index difference contribution amount of Fluorin doped is -0.02%~-0.2%.
6. low decaying step change type orbital angular momentum optical fiber according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the optical fiber OAM-0 rank mould
Crosstalk between ± 1 rank mode of formula and OAM- is less than -5dB/50km, the string between ± 2 rank mode of ± 1 rank mode of OAM- and OAM-
It disturbs and is less than -13dB/50km, the crosstalk between ± 3 rank mode of ± 2 rank mode of OAM- and OAM- is less than -13dB/50km, OAM- ± 1
Crosstalk between ± 3 rank mode of rank mode and OAM- is less than -21dB/50km.
7. low decaying step change type orbital angular momentum optical fiber according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the optical fiber is in wavelength
The attenuation of each rank mode is respectively less than or is equal to 0.23dB/km at 1550nm.
8. low decaying step change type orbital angular momentum optical fiber according to claim 3, it is characterised in that each mode of optical fiber
Microbending loss at wavelength 1700nm is less than or equal to 5dB/km.
9. low decaying step change type orbital angular momentum optical fiber according to claim 3, it is characterised in that each mode of optical fiber exists
At wavelength 1550nm, the macrobending loss that R15mm bend radius 10 is enclosed is equal to or less than 0.25dB, and R10mm bending radius is curved
The macrobending loss of 1 circle of song is equal to or less than 0.75dB.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113190979A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-30 | 华中科技大学 | Optical fiber vortex mode engineering method based on neural network |
| CN113848607A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2021-12-28 | 中山大学 | Flat ring core optical fiber of orbital angular momentum mode gain based on layering doping |
| CN113190979B (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2024-04-23 | 华中科技大学 | Neural network-based optical fiber vortex mode engineering method |
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