CN110295063A - A kind of hot charcoal co-generation system of biomass external heating and method - Google Patents
A kind of hot charcoal co-generation system of biomass external heating and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110295063A CN110295063A CN201910717339.6A CN201910717339A CN110295063A CN 110295063 A CN110295063 A CN 110295063A CN 201910717339 A CN201910717339 A CN 201910717339A CN 110295063 A CN110295063 A CN 110295063A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
- C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/725—Redox processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
- C10J3/76—Water jackets; Steam boiler-jackets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/80—Other features with arrangements for preheating the blast or the water vapour
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
- C10J2300/0909—Drying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/1207—Heating the gasifier using pyrolysis gas as fuel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of hot charcoal co-generation system of biomass external heating and method, its main feature is that: including sequentially connected feeding mechanism, carbonization system, discharging mechanism, biomass gasification system, waste gas combustion furnace, steam generator, outer hot stove.Fuel of the invention using the combustion gas generated after the gasification of the biomass materials such as stalk particle, chips, broken coconut husk, excrement of animals as carbonization system, fuel source is wide, it is economic and environment-friendly and do not increase carbon emission, carbonization system is compact-sized, it is designed using helical structure inside, improve the heat transfer efficiency of material, the high-temperature flue gas generated after the reaction was completed carries out pre- recuperation of heat with steam generator, improve the thermal efficiency of whole system, the steam of generation can be used for heat supply or the vapour source as subsequent technique, widely used, whole system uses automation control, and performance is stablized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural solid residue technical field of comprehensive utilization, specifically a kind of hot charcoal of biomass external heating
Co-generation system and method.
Background technique
In recent years, China's Sustainable Agricultural stable development, wherein large-scale cultivation level significantly improves, and has ensured meat, eggs and milk confession
It gives, but a large amount of agricultural wastes are not effectively addressed and utilize, and become a great problem of Countryside Environment Rectification.Do a good job of it agriculture
Industry utilization of waste as resource, the effective supply of relationship agricultural product, relationship rural resident's production and living enhancement of environment, is great
People's livelihood engineering.
Existing market is mainly biogas project and compost, both sides for livestock culture utilization of waste as resource mode
Formula will not only expend a large amount of land resource but also will cause secondary pollution.It compares and handles more economical ring with the mode of carbonization
It protects, the carbide of generation can be used as the high value added products such as active carbon, soil-repairing agent, charcoal base manure.
The carbonizing apparatus or the big technology pain spot of pyrolysis plant three occurred currently on the market limits its development:
1. carbonizing apparatus currently on the market is mostly used fuel oil or combustion gas as fuel, the very high of operating cost high operation
Cost makes many devices be in halt production or half end-of-life state;
2. the heat utilization efficiency of system is very low, great energy waste is caused;
3. the carbonization efficiency of system is very low, economy is poor.
Summary of the invention
Currently invention addresses the pain spots of the market demand and the prior art, provide a kind of hot charcoal co-generation system of biomass external heating
And method, the invention is using the combustion gas generated after the gasification of the biomass materials such as stalk particle, chips, broken coconut husk and excrement of animals
As the fuel of carbonization system, fuel source is wide, economic and environment-friendly and do not increase carbon emission, and carbonization system is compact-sized, and inside is adopted
It is designed with helical structure, improves the heat transfer efficiency of material, the high-temperature flue gas generated after the reaction was completed is carried out in advance with steam generator
Recuperation of heat improves the thermal efficiency of whole system.The steam of generation can be used for heat supply or the vapour source as subsequent technique, purposes
Extensively, whole system uses automation control, and performance is stablized.
A kind of hot charcoal co-generation system of biomass external heating, including feed system, carbonization system, discharge system, biogas
Change system, burned waste gas system, steam generating system and outer hot systems, the material outlet and carbonization system of the feed system connect
It connects, the waste outlet of the carbonization system is connect with discharge system, the exhanst gas outlet of carbonization system and the cigarette of burned waste gas system
The connection of gas entrance, the exhanst gas outlet of the burned waste gas system are connect with outer hot systems, the combustion gas of the biomass gasification system
Outlet is connect with the fuel gas inlet of burned waste gas system and outer hot systems respectively, and the exhanst gas outlet and steam of the outer hot systems are sent out
Raw system connection.
Preferably, the carbonization system includes feeding mechanism, ingredient sector, carbonization reactor, gas exhaust piping a, exhaust
Pipeline b and material collection mechanism, the feeding mechanism include hopper and blender, are ingredient sectors below feeding mechanism, institute
It states ingredient sector to be made of the oppositely oriented helical blade component of multiple groups, the carbonization reactor is multiple barrel assemblies, cylinder
The helical blade and multi-disc axial blade that component internal has multistage blade different with screw pitch.
Preferably, the carbonization reactor includes two barrel assemblies side by side.
Preferably, the barrel assemblies of the carbonization reactor have the helical blade of three sections of different sizes.
Preferably, cylinder interior helical blade is from into material end to material end out, the height and screw pitch of helical blade according to
Secondary reduction.
Preferably, the first helical blade region of cylinder interior helical blade is provided with multi-disc axial blade, axial leaf
Piece is evenly arranged along axial direction.
Preferably, the biomass gasification system includes hopper, gasification reactor, inder pot, cyclone dust collectors and air
Preheater, the hopper lower part are hothouse, and the hothouse is internally provided with screw-feeder, and the screw-feeder goes out
The material inlet of mouth connection gasification reactor, the gasification reactor gas outlet connects cyclone dust collectors fuel gas inlet, described
Gasification reactor connects inder pot except cinder notch, and the fuel gas inlet of the gas outlet connection hothouse of the cyclone dust collectors is described dry
The fuel gas inlet of the gas outlet connection air preheater of dry room, the gas outlet of the air preheater, which leads to, connects burned waste gas
System and outer hot systems.
It is communicated preferably, being provided with multiple apertures on the inner wall of the hothouse clip cavity shell with hothouse.
Preferably, the aperture of the aperture and/or quantity gradually increase along the direction of motion of biological particles.
Preferably, along the direction of motion of biological particles, width that the aperture of the aperture and/or quantity gradually increase
Degree is continuously increased.
Preferably, the outer hot systems include surrounding heat-insulated cavity set by carbonization reactor cylinder, inside cavity
Refractory material is laid, the lower part of cavity is the pedestal of whole system, and one end of cavity is equipped with fuel burner nozzle, and fuel burner nozzle passes through pipe
The connection of the gas outlet of road and air preheater, fuel burner nozzle includes automatic ignitor and flame monitor, the side of cavity
It is connect equipped with gas inlet with burned waste gas system, the top of cavity is equipped with exhanst gas outlet, passes through pipeline and steam generating system
Gas inlet connection.
A kind of above-mentioned hot carbon cogeneration method of biomass external heating, which comprises the steps of:
(1) material of storage bin is entered in the sealing hopper of feed system by mechanical mode of movement and is kept in, through screw conveyor
Structure is sent to carbonization system feed inlet;
(2) carbonization system receives the material from feed system, is equipped with vibrator and blender in the feeding mechanism of carbonization system,
The blocking of material is avoided, is ingredient sector below feeding mechanism, material is uniformly distributed to carbonization reactor by ingredient sector
Two barrel assemblies in, the material in cylinder moves forward under the driving of helical blade;
(3) material is heated in the high-temperature flue gas atmosphere of outer hot systems cavity in the barrel assemblies of carbonization reactor, in cylinder
Material during forward movement temperature gradually rise, and following reaction occurs:
100~150 DEG C, the free water volatilization in material;
150~200 DEG C, the water of constitution volatilization in material, a small amount of small molecule Volatile;
200~350 DEG C, the small molecule volatile matter volatilization in material;
350~450 DEG C, the macromolecular volatile matter volatilization in material obtains final work carbonizing production;
Material collection mechanism is sent into discharge system after collecting obtained carbonized product;
In the process: reaction process of the material in reactor is completed stage by stage, is conducive to improve reaction efficiency and thermal energy benefit
With rate;
(4) discharge system transfers out system after receiving the high temperature carbide cooling from carbonization system;
(5) it is sent into after the escaping gas that material generates in carbonization reactor is collected by gas exhaust piping a and gas exhaust piping b useless
Gas incineration system;
(6) biomass materials such as stalk particle, the coconut husk of crushing, chips by machinery or are manually fed into gasification of biomass system
In system, material successively dries under the high-temperature atmosphere of reactor, is pyrolyzed, aoxidizing, reduction reaction, generates fuel gas, can
Combustion gas body is sent in outer hot systems and burned waste gas system by pipeline as heat source fuel after dedusting is cooling;
(7) burned waste gas system receives the exhaust gas generated from carbonization system, and the combustible gas from biomass gasification system passes through
Burner is lighted burns that these are useless in circular cylindrical shell, and the complete high-temperature flue gas that burns is imported into outer hot systems;In the process: cylinder
850~900 DEG C of high-temperature atmosphere is maintained in shell, dischargeable capacity guarantees that exhaust gas is detained the time of 2S or more in shell, with
Decompose the harmful substance in exhaust gas sufficiently;
(8) outer hot systems receive the high-temperature flue gas from burned waste gas system, heat carbonization reactor barrel assemblies, from biology
The combustion gas of matter gasification system maintains the high-temperature atmosphere in outer hot systems heat-insulation chamber body for 550~600 DEG C, adds as auxiliary fuel
The high-temperature flue gas of the complete carbonization reactor of heat is imported into steam generating system, in the process: generating using from discarded incineration system
High-temperature flue gas heating response device, adequately utilize fume waste heat, improve heat utilization rate, be significantly reduced disappearing for additional fuel
Consumption;
(9) steam generating system receives the high-temperature flue gas from 550 DEG C or so of outer hot systems, and flue gas is in heat exchanger tube and in shell
Water indirect heat exchange, heat the water to 150 DEG C or so generation steam, the steam of generation is used for heat supply or activated carbon;It should
In process: steam is generated using the high-temperature flue gas of discharge, adequately utilizes fume waste heat, it is very big to improve heat utilization rate, it mentions
The high economic well-being of workers and staff of system.
The present invention has the following advantages that compared with prior art and good effect:
1, the hot charcoal co-generation system of biomass external heating is more environmentally-friendly to the processing of biomass carbonization and gasification efficiently, the flue gas of generation
Using being burned by burned waste gas system, generated exhaust gas is less for environmental protection, while the high hot fume that burned waste gas system generates
Into outer hot systems, carbonization system is heated, the efficiency and heat energy utilization of overall improved system, it is economic and environment-friendly and do not increase
Carbon emission;
2, compared with prior art, carbonization system is compact-sized, and inside is designed using helical structure, from into material end to material out
End, the height and screw pitch of helical blade successively reduce, and improve the heat transfer efficiency of material, guarantee that material sufficiently reacts, reaction is completed
The high-temperature flue gas generated afterwards carries out pre- recuperation of heat with steam generator, improves the thermal efficiency of whole system;
3, multiple apertures are provided on the collet cavity inner wall of hothouse compared with prior art, and unique set is carried out to aperture
Meter, improves heat exchange efficiency, the drying indoor fuel gas in process is directly contacted with biological particles, tar and dust in combustion gas
It is adsorbed, improves the cleanliness of combustion gas, while being evaporated more sufficiently to particle heating, further increase the cleanliness of combustion gas,
The efficiency of combustion of combustion gas is improved, and then improves the efficiency of whole system.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of hot charcoal co-generation system main body schematic diagram of biomass external heating of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the feed system schematic diagram in a kind of hot charcoal co-generation system of biomass external heating of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the carbonization system schematic diagram in a kind of hot charcoal co-generation system of biomass external heating of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the top view of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is the discharge system schematic diagram in a kind of hot charcoal co-generation system of biomass external heating of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the biomass gasification system schematic diagram in a kind of hot charcoal co-generation system of biomass external heating of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the top view of Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is the burned waste gas system schematic in a kind of hot charcoal co-generation system of biomass external heating of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the top view of Fig. 9;
Figure 11 is the outer hot systems schematic diagram in a kind of hot charcoal co-generation system of biomass external heating of the present invention;
Figure 12 is the steam generating system schematic diagram in a kind of hot charcoal co-generation system of biomass external heating of the present invention;
Mark explanation: feed system 10, sealing hopper 11, screw conveyor 12, driving motor 13, supporting leg 14;Carbonization system 20,
Feeding mechanism 21, ingredient sector 22, carbonization reactor 23, material collection mechanism 24, gas exhaust piping a25, gas exhaust piping b26, material
Bucket 27, blender 28;Discharge system 30, screw conveyor 31, collet 32, driving motor 33, supporting leg 34,;Gasification of biomass system
System 40, hopper 41, gasification reactor 42, inder pot 43, cyclone dust collectors 44, air preheater 45, ladder 46, hothouse 47, spiral shell
Precession glassware 48;Burned waste gas system 50;Outer hot systems 60;Steam generating system 70, left pipe box 71, shell side 72, right pipe box 73,
Wire mesh demister 74, support 75.
Embodiment
A kind of hot charcoal co-generation system of biomass external heating is illustrated below in conjunction with attached drawing.
As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, the hot charcoal co-generation system of biomass external heating includes feed system 10, carbonization system 20, discharging system
System 30, biomass gasification system 40, burned waste gas system 50, outer hot systems 60, steam generating system 70, the feed system 10
Material outlet connect with carbonization system 20, the waste outlet of the carbonization system 20 is connect with discharge system 30, carbonization system
20 exhanst gas outlet is connect with the smoke inlet of burned waste gas system 50, exhanst gas outlet, the biology of the burned waste gas system 50
The gas vent of matter gasification system 40 is connect with outer hot systems 60, the exhanst gas outlet and steam generating system of the outer hot systems 60
70 connections.The above hot charcoal co-generation system of biomass external heating is more environmentally-friendly to the processing of biomass carbonization and gasification efficiently, generates
Fume environment protection using being burned by burned waste gas system, generated exhaust gas is less, while the height of burned waste gas system generation
Hot fume enters outer hot systems, heats to carbonization system, the efficiency and heat energy utilization of overall improved system.
As shown in figure 3, the feed system includes sealing hopper 11, screw conveyor 12, driving motor 13 and supporting leg 14,
The screw conveyor 12 is made of the helical blade component of circular cylindrical shell and inside, and screw conveyor 12 is mentioned by driving motor 13
For power, 21 entrance of feeding mechanism of the outlet connection carbonization system 20 of screw conveyor.
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, carbonization system 20 includes feeding mechanism 21, ingredient sector 22, carbonization reactor 23, material
Collecting mechanism 24, gas exhaust piping a25 and gas exhaust piping b26, what gas exhaust piping a25 came out is cryogenic gas, mainly vapor,
It is high-temperature gas that gas exhaust piping b26, which comes out, enters burned waste gas system after two mixing, the feeding mechanism includes 27 He of hopper
Blender 28, the lower section of feeding mechanism 21 are ingredient sectors 22, and the ingredient sector core component is by two or more sets rotation direction phases
Anti- helical blade component is constituted, and the carbonization reactor 23 is two barrel assemblies side by side, and each cylinder interior has three
The helical blade for having multistage blade different with screw pitch inside section or multistage barrel assemblies and a certain number of axial blades.
Preferably, multiple groups barrel assemblies can be set in carbonization reactor, it is arranged as required.
Preferably, the helical blade inside 23 barrel assemblies of carbonization reactor, from into material end to material end out, spiral
The height and screw pitch of blade successively reduce.By designing above, the raising of heating temperature during material advances, waving in material
Hair ingredient is constantly precipitated, and material can be fragmented into small particle during high-temperature atmosphere moves, and the volume of material occupied exists
Reduction, the height and screw pitch of helical blade, which successively reduce, can guarantee that material sufficiently reacts and heating efficiency.
Preferably, the first helical blade region of the helical blade inside 23 barrel assemblies of carbonization reactor is provided with one
The axial blade of fixed number amount, axial blade are evenly arranged along axial direction.By the setting of axial blade, the material reaction initial stage can
So that it is material bed more stable, material bed uniformity is kept, to keep material reaction more abundant.
A kind of biomass is in the control method of carbonization reactor time, and controlled in the following way: material is being carbonized
Residence time in reactor determines that relevance is described as following the equation by the average grain diameter and moisture content of material:
t=a*m*ed/mIn+b formula: " * " representative multiplies, and "/" representative removes;
Residence time of the t-material in reactor, unit min;
A-material particular diameter is associated with constant, takes a=52.131;
B-material water ratio is associated with constant, takes b=15.260;
E-natural constant, takes e=2.718;
D-material average grain diameter, unit m take 0.003≤d≤0.05;
M-material moisture content of drying base, takes 0.05≤m≤0.8.
As preferably 0.010≤d≤0.045;10%≤m≤65%.
As preferred: 0.022≤d≤0.04;15%≤m≤45%.
As preferred: 0.025≤d≤0.035;16%≤m≤35%.
As preferred: d=0.03, m=30%.
t=a*m*ed/mT only access value in+b formula.
Above to biomass in carbonization reactor the residence time control mode, be that inventor creates, be through excessive
The test of amount, the fruit of labour that multiple verifying obtains, passes through the control to material residence time in carbonization system, Ke Yigeng
The carbonizing degree for adding efficient control material, is heated with the optimal time, consumes least thermal energy, generates optimal carbonization effect
Fruit, the efficiency that is carbonized generate than optimal and easily facilitate the more environmentally-friendly flue gas utilized, improve the carbonization efficiency of material.
As shown in fig. 6, discharge system 30 includes screw conveyor 31, collet 32, driving motor 33, supporting leg 34, spiral transferring
Machine 31 is sent to be driven by driving motor 33.Its import is connected with the outlet of 20 material collection mechanism 24 of carbonization system.Discharge system
Collet 32 in be that the cooling water of flowing is used to cool down the carbonized product of high temperature.
As shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, biomass gasification system 40 provides fuel, including hopper 41, gasification reaction for whole system
Device 42, inder pot 43, cyclone dust collectors 44, air preheater 45, ladder 46.41 lower part of hopper is hothouse 47, and hothouse leads to
Piping connection air preheater fuel gas inlet is crossed, hothouse is internally provided with screw-feeder 48.48 outlets of screw-feeder
Connect the material inlet of gasification reactor.42 gas outlet of gasification reactor connects cyclone dust collectors 44.Gasification reactor 42 removes
Cinder notch connects inder pot 43.The gas outlet of gasification system is located at the lower tube box of air preheater 45, passes through piping connection exhaust gas
Incineration system 50 and outer hot systems 60.
Preferably, multiple apertures are provided on the collet cavity inner wall of hothouse, drying indoor fuel gas and life in process
Material grains directly contact, and the tar and dust in combustion gas are adsorbed, and improve the cleanliness of combustion gas, while heating to particle
It is evaporated more sufficiently, in order to further increase the cleanliness of combustion gas, preferably, hothouse gas outlet can be equipped with filtering dress
It sets.
Preferably, the aperture of the aperture and/or quantity gradually increase along the direction of motion of biological particles.It is main
If being gradually increased along the direction of motion of biological particles by the aperture and/or quantity of aperture, increases and enter hothouse
The amount of interior combustion gas forms similar adverse current so that the direction of motion along biological particles made, exchange capability of heat constantly increase
Heat transfer effect, to improve exchange capability of heat.
Preferably, along the direction of motion of biological particles, width that the aperture of the aperture and/or quantity gradually increase
Degree is continuously increased.Mainly along the direction of motion of biological particles, amplitude is gradually increased by the aperture and/or quantity of aperture
Become larger, the ever-increasing quantity for increasing the amount for entering dry indoor combustion gas is increasing, thus make along biomass
The direction of motion of grain, constantly increased amplitude becomes larger exchange capability of heat, more stable counterflow heat exchange effect is formed, to improve
Exchange capability of heat.Above-mentioned technical characteristic is that applicant is obtained by largely research, is not the common knowledge of this field, amplitude
Increase and can be realized the heat transfer effect for improving 10% or so.
Preferably, the fuel gas inlet and gas outlet of hothouse are located on the side wall parallel with conveying device.
As shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10, burned waste gas system 50 is connected with the gas exhaust piping a25 of carbonization system, gas exhaust piping b26
It connects.The main structure of burned waste gas system 50 is a cylindrical shell, and refractory material is laid in the inside of shell.Burned waste gas system
Equipped with fuel burner nozzle, connected by the gas outlet of pipeline and biomass gasification system.Fuel burner nozzle include automatic ignitor with
And flame monitor.The exhanst gas outlet of burned waste gas system is connect with outer hot systems.
As shown in figure 11, outer hot systems 60 include surrounding heat-insulated cavity set by carbonization reactor cylinder, inside cavity
Lay refractory material;The pedestal of the bottom compartment whole system of cavity;One end of cavity is equipped with fuel burner nozzle.Fuel burner nozzle passes through pipe
The connection of the gas outlet of road and biomass gasification system.Fuel burner nozzle includes automatic ignitor and flame monitor.Cavity
Side is equipped with gas inlet and connect with burned waste gas system.The top of cavity is equipped with exhanst gas outlet, passes through pipeline and steam generation
The connection of 70 gas inlet of system.
Preferably, as shown in figure 12, steam generating system 70 is removed including left pipe box 71, shell side 72, right pipe box 73, silk screen
Foam device 74, support 75, left pipe box 71 are equipped with gas inlet, are connect by pipeline with outer 60 exhanst gas outlet of hot systems.Right pipe box 73
Equipped with exhanst gas outlet, pass through piping connection air-introduced machine.Support 75 is also possible to other fixing pieces, and steam generating system is fixed on
On outer hot systems.
The above-mentioned hot carbon cogeneration method of biomass external heating, includes the following steps:
(1) material of storage bin is entered in the sealing hopper 11 of feed system 10 by mechanical mode of movement and is kept in, through spiral transferring
Machine 12 is sent to be sent to 20 feed inlet of carbonization system.
In the process: being micro-vacuum state in sealing hopper 11, avoid dirty gas leak pollution air.
(2) carbonization system receives the material from feed system 10.Vibration is equipped in the feeding mechanism 21 of carbonization system 20
Device and blender avoid the blocking of material.The lower section of feeding mechanism 21 is ingredient sector 22, material by ingredient sector 22 equably
It is assigned in two barrel assemblies of carbonization reactor 23.Material in cylinder moves forward under the driving of helical blade.
In the process: barrel assemblies are rotated under the driving of motor with certain revolving speed, and the revolving speed of barrel assemblies wants root
It is set according to ingredients such as the moisture content for entering material, improves reaction efficiency, while guaranteeing the material of heterogeneity in reactor
Sufficiently reacted in reactor.
(3) material is heated in the high-temperature flue gas atmosphere of outer 60 cavity of hot systems in the barrel assemblies of carbonization reactor.
Material in cylinder temperature during forward movement gradually rises, and following reaction occurs:
100~150 DEG C, the free water volatilization in material;
150~200 DEG C, the water of constitution volatilization in material, a small amount of small molecule Volatile;
200~350 DEG C, the small molecule volatile matter volatilization in material;
350~450 DEG C, the macromolecular volatile matter volatilization in material obtains final work carbonizing production.Material collection mechanism 24 will
Obtained carbonized product is sent into discharge system 30 after collecting.
In the process: reaction process of the material in reactor is completed stage by stage, is conducive to improve reaction efficiency and heat
It can utilization rate.
(4) discharge system 30 transfers out system after receiving the high temperature carbide cooling from carbonization system.Discharge system
It is that the cooling water of flowing is used to cool down the carbonized product of high temperature in collet 32, so that the carbonized product temperature of discharge system is lower than 60
℃。
(5) escaping gas that material generates in carbonization reactor 23 is converged by gas exhaust piping a25 and gas exhaust piping b26
Burned waste gas system 50 is sent into after collection.
(6) biomass materials such as stalk particle, the coconut husk of crushing, chips by machinery or are manually fed into biogas
In change system 40.Material successively dries under the high-temperature atmosphere of gasification reactor 42, is pyrolyzed, aoxidizing, reduction reaction, generates
Fuel gas.Fuel gas is sent to conduct in outer hot systems 60 and burned waste gas system 50 by pipeline after dedusting is cooling
Heat source fuel.
In the process: being combustible gas as carbonization system using gasification system using gasifying biomass materials such as stalk particles
Heat source fuel not will increase carbon emission compared with prior art using fossil fuels such as diesel oil, gasoline, more economical environmental protection.
(7) burned waste gas system 50 receives the exhaust gas generated from carbonization system.From the flammable of biomass gasification system
Gas lights these exhaust gas that burn in circular cylindrical shell by burner.The complete high-temperature flue gas that burns is imported into outer hot systems 60;
In the process: maintaining 850~900 DEG C of high-temperature atmosphere in circular cylindrical shell, dischargeable capacity guarantees that exhaust gas is stagnant in shell
The time of 2S or more is stayed, so that the harmful substance in exhaust gas is sufficiently decomposed.
(8) outer hot systems 60 receive the high-temperature flue gas from burned waste gas system 50, heat carbonization reactor barrel assemblies.
Combustion gas from biomass gasification system 40 maintains to be 550~600 DEG C in outer 60 heat-insulation chamber body of hot systems as auxiliary fuel
High-temperature atmosphere.The high-temperature flue gas of the carbonization reactor heated is imported into steam generating system 70.
In the process: using the reactor of the high-temperature flue gas heating carbonization system generated from discarded incineration system, sufficiently
Utilize fume waste heat, improve heat utilization rate, be significantly reduced the consumption of additional fuel.
(9) steam generating system 70 receives 550 DEG C or so of the high-temperature flue gas from outer hot systems 60.Flue gas is in heat exchanger tube
The interior and intracorporal water indirect heat exchange of shell, heats the water to 150 DEG C or so generation steam.The steam of generation is used for heat supply or activation
Active carbon.
In the process: steam is generated using the high-temperature flue gas of discharge, adequately utilizes fume waste heat, it is very big to improve thermal energy
Utilization rate improves the economic well-being of workers and staff of system.
The present invention has the following advantages that compared with prior art and good effect:
1. making full use of fume waste heat heating response device, heat utilization rate is high, so very big that reduce fuel consumption;
2. biomass gasification reaction device is more efficient, system structure is more compact, same treatment scale, and occupied area is small only existing
The 25% of technical equipment;
3. providing fuel using biomass gasification system for carbonization system, more economical environmental protection;
4. utilizing thermal flue gas byproduct steam, very big the economic well-being of workers and staff for improving system.
Certainly, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to the example above, the art
Those of ordinary skill, within the essential scope of the present invention, made variations, modifications, additions or substitutions also should belong to this hair
Bright protection scope.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of hot charcoal co-generation system of biomass external heating, including feed system, carbonization system, discharge system, gasification of biomass
System, burned waste gas system, steam generating system and outer hot systems, the material outlet and carbonization system of the feed system connect
It connects, the material outlet of the carbonization system is connect with discharge system, it is characterised in that the exhanst gas outlet of the carbonization system and useless
The smoke inlet of gas incineration system connects, and the exhanst gas outlet of the burned waste gas system is connect with outer hot systems, the biomass
The gas outlet of gasification system is connect with the fuel gas inlet of burned waste gas system and outer hot systems respectively, the cigarette of the outer hot systems
Gas outlet is connect with steam generating system.
2. the hot charcoal co-generation system of a kind of biomass external heating according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the carbonization system
Including feeding mechanism, ingredient sector, carbonization reactor, gas exhaust piping a, gas exhaust piping b and material collection mechanism, the charger
Structure includes hopper and blender, is ingredient sector below feeding mechanism, the ingredient sector spiral oppositely oriented by multiple groups
Blade assembly is constituted, and the carbonization reactor is multiple barrel assemblies, and multistage helical blade and multi-disc are axial inside barrel assemblies
Blade.
3. the hot charcoal co-generation system of a kind of biomass external heating according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the carburizing reagent
From into material end to material end out, the height and screw pitch of helical blade successively reduce the helical blade of device barrel assemblies.
4. the hot charcoal co-generation system of a kind of biomass external heating according to claim 2 or 3, which is characterized in that the cylinder
First helical blade region of the helical blade of component internal is provided with multi-disc axial blade, and axial blade is along axial uniform cloth
It sets.
5. the hot charcoal co-generation system of a kind of biomass external heating according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the biogas
Change system includes hopper, gasification reactor, inder pot, cyclone dust collectors and air preheater, and the hopper lower part is hothouse, institute
It states hothouse and is internally provided with screw-feeder, the material inlet of the outlet connection gasification reactor of the screw-feeder, institute
Gasification reactor gas outlet connection cyclone dust collectors fuel gas inlet is stated, the gasification reactor connects inder pot except cinder notch, described
The fuel gas inlet of the gas outlet connection hothouse of cyclone dust collectors, the gas outlet connection air preheater of the hothouse
Fuel gas inlet, the gas outlet of the air preheater, which leads to, connects burned waste gas system and outer hot systems.
6. the hot charcoal co-generation system of a kind of biomass external heating according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the hothouse folder
Multiple apertures are provided on the inner wall of cavity shell to communicate with hothouse.
7. the hot charcoal co-generation system of a kind of biomass external heating according to claim 6, it is characterised in that along biomass
The direction of motion of grain, the aperture of the aperture and/or quantity gradually increase.
8. the hot charcoal co-generation system of a kind of biomass external heating according to claim 7, it is characterised in that along biomass
The amplitude that the direction of motion of grain, the aperture of the aperture and/or quantity gradually increase is continuously increased.
9. the hot charcoal co-generation system of a kind of biomass external heating described in accordance with the claim 1, which is characterized in that the outer hot systems
Including surrounding heat-insulated cavity set by carbonization reactor cylinder, inside cavity lays refractory material, and the lower part of cavity is entire
The pedestal of system, one end of cavity are equipped with fuel burner nozzle, and fuel burner nozzle is connected by the gas outlet of pipeline and air preheater,
Fuel burner nozzle includes automatic ignitor and flame monitor, and the side of cavity is equipped with gas inlet and burned waste gas system connects
It connects, the top of cavity is equipped with exhanst gas outlet, is connect by pipeline with steam generating system gas inlet.
10. a kind of above-mentioned hot carbon cogeneration method of biomass external heating, which comprises the steps of:
(1) material of storage bin is entered in the sealing hopper of feed system by mechanical mode of movement and is kept in, through screw conveyor
Structure is sent to carbonization system feed inlet;
(2) carbonization system receives the material from feed system, is equipped with vibrator and blender in the feeding mechanism of carbonization system,
The blocking of material is avoided, is ingredient sector below feeding mechanism, material is uniformly distributed to carbonization reactor by ingredient sector
Two barrel assemblies in, the material in cylinder moves forward under the driving of helical blade;
(3) material is heated in the high-temperature flue gas atmosphere of outer hot systems cavity in the barrel assemblies of carbonization reactor, in cylinder
Material during forward movement temperature gradually rise, and following reaction occurs:
100~150 DEG C, the free water volatilization in material;
150~200 DEG C, the water of constitution volatilization in material, a small amount of small molecule Volatile;
200~350 DEG C, the small molecule volatile matter volatilization in material;
350~450 DEG C, the macromolecular volatile matter volatilization in material obtains final work carbonizing production;
Material collection mechanism is sent into discharge system after collecting obtained carbonized product;
(4) discharge system transfers out system after receiving the high temperature carbide cooling from carbonization system;
(5) it is sent into after the escaping gas that material generates in carbonization reactor is collected by gas exhaust piping a and gas exhaust piping b useless
Gas incineration system;
(6) biomass materials such as stalk particle, the coconut husk of crushing, chips by machinery or are manually fed into gasification of biomass system
In system, material successively dries under the high-temperature atmosphere of reactor, is pyrolyzed, aoxidizing, reduction reaction, generates fuel gas, can
Combustion gas body is sent in outer hot systems and burned waste gas system by pipeline as heat source fuel after dedusting is cooling;
(7) burned waste gas system receives the exhaust gas generated from carbonization system, and the combustible gas from biomass gasification system passes through
Burner is lighted burns that these are useless in circular cylindrical shell, and the complete high-temperature flue gas that burns is imported into outer hot systems;
(8) outer hot systems receive the high-temperature flue gas from burned waste gas system, heat carbonization reactor barrel assemblies, from biology
The combustion gas of matter gasification system maintains the high-temperature atmosphere in outer hot systems heat-insulation chamber body for 550~600 DEG C, adds as auxiliary fuel
The high-temperature flue gas of the complete carbonization reactor of heat is imported into steam generating system;
(9) steam generating system receives the high-temperature flue gas from 550 DEG C or so of outer hot systems, and flue gas is in heat exchanger tube and in shell
Water indirect heat exchange, heat the water to the steam of 150 DEG C or so generation steam generations for heat supply or activated carbon.
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