CN110293679B - Device and method for preparing multi-scale fiber reinforced composite material by electrostatic filament separation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for preparing a multi-scale fiber reinforced composite material by an electric devillicating method, wherein the device comprises a frame, a forming device, an electrostatic devillicating device and a powder spreading device; the electrostatic filament dividing device comprises a filament dividing table, a first pressing block and a second pressing block, wherein a filament pressing groove is formed in the upper portion of the filament dividing table, a filament dividing table through hole and a workbench through hole are coaxially arranged, two filament dividing grooves are formed in two sides of the filament pressing groove and are oppositely arranged on two sides of the filament dividing table through hole, each filament dividing groove comprises a plurality of parallel filament dividing grooves, and the bottom surfaces of the filament pressing grooves are hinged with the first pressing block and the second pressing block; the forming device comprises a forming die and a male die which are coaxially arranged, and the male die is arranged in the forming die. The preparation method and the preparation process are continuous, rapid and efficient, and can simultaneously take the performance characteristics of the continuous fiber and chopped fiber reinforced composite material into consideration.

Description

Device and method for preparing multi-scale fiber reinforced composite material by electrostatic filament separation method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a device and a method for preparing a multi-scale fiber reinforced composite material by an electrostatic filament separation method.

Background

In the composite material, the reinforcement is a substance which mainly improves the mechanical property of the matrix material, wherein the fiber is the most obvious reinforcement material with the most extensive application. According to different forms of fibers, the fiber reinforced composite material is divided into a continuous fiber reinforced composite material and a chopped fiber reinforced composite material, and under the condition that the conditions such as the interfacial structure property of a composite material matrix and a reinforcing phase are consistent, the longer the continuous fiber is, the higher the content is, and the more obvious the toughening effect is. However, in the actual process of preparing the continuous fiber reinforced composite material, the fiber is easily dispersed unevenly, pores are generated inside the material, and the fibers are agglomerated, which affects the toughening effect of the fibers. The continuous fibers are generally arranged in a unidirectional mode in the reinforced composite material, and the strength of the continuous fibers in one direction can be increased only, so that the reinforcing effect and the application range of the composite material are influenced. On the contrary, the chopped fibers are generally in disordered arrangement in the reinforced composite material, the mechanical property of the prepared composite material is isotropic, but the fiber volume content is low, stress concentration is easy to generate at the tail end of the fiber, meanwhile, the short fibers cannot control the equivalent orientation degree of the continuous fibers, the reinforcing effect of the fibers is weakened, and the mechanical properties of the short fiber reinforced composite material, such as strength and rigidity, are far inferior to the comprehensive properties of the similar long fiber reinforced composite material under the equivalent fiber volume content. Therefore, controllability of the fiber length, content and fiber direction are important parameters that must be considered in the fiber-reinforced composite material from the viewpoint of optimizing performance.

At present, the commonly used preparation methods for preparing the fiber reinforced composite material comprise a slurry impregnation process, a preformed blank, pressure percolation, an electrophoretic deposition forming process, direct oxidation deposition and the like, and the fiber reinforced composite material prepared by the preparation methods is easy to generate cracks and air holes in a matrix, so that the integrity of the composite material is damaged, and the multi-scale fiber reinforced composite material cannot be simultaneously prepared, namely, the aim of realizing multi-scale directional fiber reinforcement is limited, and the advantages of the continuous fiber and short fiber reinforced composite material cannot be simultaneously considered, so that the overall performance of the fiber reinforced composite material is limited.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a device and a method for preparing a multi-scale fiber reinforced composite material by an electric devillicating method, which can realize the simultaneous preparation of the multi-scale fiber reinforced composite material under the condition of considering the preparation characteristics of continuous fibers and chopped fibers.

In order to achieve the purpose, the device for preparing the multi-scale fiber reinforced composite material by the electrostatic filament dividing method comprises a rack, wherein a forming device for forming the fiber reinforced composite material, an electrostatic filament dividing device for dividing fibers and a powder spreading device for spreading powder into the forming device are arranged on the rack from bottom to top; the electrostatic filament dividing device comprises a filament dividing table, a first pressing block and a second pressing block, a powder spreading groove is formed in the upper portion of the filament dividing table, a filament dividing table through hole is formed in the powder spreading groove, the filament dividing table through hole and a workbench through hole are coaxially arranged, two filament dividing grooves are oppositely arranged on two sides of the powder spreading groove, the two filament dividing grooves are oppositely arranged on two sides of the filament dividing table through hole, each filament dividing groove comprises a plurality of parallel filament dividing grooves, and a first pressing block and a second pressing block are hinged to the bottom surface of the powder spreading groove; the forming device comprises a forming die and a male die which are coaxially arranged, and the male die is arranged in the forming die.

Further, the frame includes the lead screw, spread the powder device and include funnel, gear and rotation axis, threaded connection has the mount on the lead screw, and the mount can be at lead screw horizontal migration, the funnel is fixed at the mount lower extreme, the gear sets up in the funnel, and the gear outside is tangent with the inner wall on two inclined planes of funnel, gear and rotation axis pass through the key-type connection, rotation axis one end is stretched out the funnel and is connected with power device outward.

Furthermore, the side wall of the funnel is provided with a mounting hole for penetrating through the rotating shaft, and the diameter of the mounting hole is smaller than the outer diameter of the gear.

Furthermore, the forming die and the male die are both arranged on a lifting platform, a first supporting plate, a second supporting plate and a third supporting plate are arranged on the lifting platform from bottom to top, a guide rail is fixed on the first supporting plate, the third supporting plate is fixed at the upper end of the guide rail, a sliding block is arranged on the guide rail, the sliding block can linearly reciprocate along the axial direction of the guide rail, the second supporting plate is fixed on the sliding block, and the sliding block is driven by a linear motor; and when the sliding block drives the male die to ascend, the outer surface of the male die is in contact fit with the inner surface of the forming die.

Further, a workbench is installed on a bottom plate of the rack, a workbench through hole is formed in the top wall of the workbench, and the electrostatic filament separating device is fixed on the top wall of the workbench.

Furthermore, the diameter of the silk dividing groove is 1 mm-3 mm.

Furthermore, the distance between the filament dividing grooves is 7 mm-10 mm.

A method for preparing a fiber reinforced composite material by an electrostatic filament separation method, which is based on the device of claim 1, and comprises the following steps:

step 1, enabling the upper surface of a male die and the upper surface of a forming die to be separated by the thickness of a layer of composite material;

step 2, horizontally moving the fixed frame, and when the fixed frame moves to one side of the electrostatic filament separating device, enabling the rotating shaft to start to drive the gear to rotate, driving the powder in the funnel to start to leak and spread on the upper surface of the male die, namely starting to spread the powder;

step 3, when the fixed frame moves to the other side of the electrostatic filament separating device, stopping the rotation of the rotating shaft, stopping the discharge of the hopper, and finishing the powder spreading action;

step 4, dividing a bundle of fibers into a plurality of bundles, placing the bundles in different filament dividing grooves, pressing a first pressing block on the surface of the fibers, electrifying the first pressing block, and completing filament dividing on one side of the fibers due to the fact that the fibers have the same charges;

step 5, pressing a second pressing block on the fiber on one side of which the yarn splitting is finished, powering off and lifting the first pressing block, and powering on the second pressing block; then the first pressing block is put down, and the second pressing block is powered off, so that a layer of fiber devillicating is completed;

step 6, prepressing the powder in the forming die and the continuous fibers after electrostatic filament splitting, and cutting the continuous fibers exceeding the forming die to complete the preparation of a layer of fiber reinforced composite material;

step 7, repeating the step 4 to the step 6 according to the requirement on the volume content of the fibers until a set filament separating effect is achieved, so as to obtain a layer of composite material;

step 8, moving the male die downwards to enable the upper surface of the composite material laid on the male die to be separated from the upper surface of the forming die by the thickness of a layer of composite material;

and 9, repeating the steps 3 to 8 until the required number of layers of the composite material and the volume content of the fibers in the composite material are reached.

Further, the power supply for energizing the second voltage block in step 5 is equal in voltage to the power supply for energizing the first voltage block in step 4.

Compared with the prior art, the electrostatic filament dividing method has the beneficial technical effects that in the device for quickly preparing the multi-scale fiber reinforced composite material by the electrostatic filament dividing method, the powder spreading funnel can be used for preparing the chopped fiber composite material, and the powder spreading funnel and the electrostatic filament dividing device are matched for preparing the continuous fiber composite material, so that the preparation of the multi-scale fiber composite material can be realized, namely the continuous fiber and the chopped fiber reinforced composite material can be simultaneously prepared, and meanwhile, the chopped fiber and the continuous fiber can be completed, and the preparation process is continuous; the electrostatic filament splitting method can be adopted to quickly complete the filament splitting process of single fibers; this process of preparing the fiber-reinforced composite material is efficient. Can simultaneously take the performance characteristics of the continuous fiber and the chopped fiber reinforced composite material into consideration.

Furthermore, the diameter of the through hole formed in the side wall of the funnel and used for penetrating through the rotating shaft is smaller than the outer diameter of the gear, so that the composite material powder is prevented from flowing out of a gear gap when the gear rotates.

According to the invention, when the continuous fiber reinforced composite material is prepared, the control of the volume content of continuous fibers in a matrix material and the fiber laying angle is realized by applying current to a pressing block and the number of times of electrostatic filament separation, and the fiber laying angle is realized by controlling the current, so that the quantity of charges carried by single fibers is different, the fiber opening angle, namely the distance between fibers, can be controlled without other treatment, and the controllable arrangement of the continuous fibers in the composite material is realized, thereby the volume content of the fibers in the composite material is controllable and the performance of the composite material is controllable; when the chopped fiber reinforced composite material is prepared, the preparation requirement of the chopped fiber reinforced composite material is met by setting the rotating speed of the gear and the rotating speed of the screw rod.

Further, in step 5, the voltage of the power supply for energizing the second voltage block is equal to the voltage of the power supply for energizing the first voltage block in step 4. The same voltage makes the yarn separating effect of the two sides of one bundle of fibers the same.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the powder spreading device;

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the filament separating device;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the molding apparatus;

FIG. 6 is a process of preparing continuous fibers by a primary electrostatic filament separation method;

FIG. 7 is a process of preparing continuous fibers by a secondary electrostatic filament separation method;

in the drawings: 1. the device comprises a base plate, 2, a workbench, 3, a wire separating table, 4, a first pressing block, 5, a second pressing block, 6, a pin, 7, a forming die, 8, a male die, 9, a lifting table, 10, a fixing piece, 11, a gear, 12, a fixing piece, 131, a first support, 132, a second support, 14, a fixing frame, 15, a coupler, 16, a rotating shaft, 17, a motor, 18, a funnel, 19, a lead screw, 20, a nut, 21, a bolt, 22, a groove, 31, a wire separating table through hole, 32, a powder paving groove, 33, a wire separating groove, 23, a connecting piece, 100, a powder paving device, 200, an electrostatic wire separating device, 300, a forming device, 91, a first support plate, 92, a second support plate, 93, a third support plate, 94, a guide rail, 95 and a sliding block.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the device for preparing the multi-scale fiber reinforced composite material by the electrostatic filament separating method comprises a frame and a powder spreading device 100 for preparing the short fiber reinforced composite material, wherein the electrostatic filament separating device 200 for preparing the controllable arrangement continuous fibers is arranged at the lower side of the powder spreading device 100, and a forming device 300 for forming the whole fiber reinforced composite material is arranged at the lower side of the electrostatic filament separating device.

Referring to fig. 2, the rack includes a bottom plate 1, a first bracket 131 and a second bracket 132 are vertically disposed on the bottom plate 1, a fixing member 10 is disposed at a joint of the bottom plate 1 and the two brackets, and the fixing member 10 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 1 and the two brackets through a bolt 20 and a nut 21, that is, the bottom plate 1 and the brackets are fixedly connected through the fixing member 10. A lead screw 19 is horizontally arranged between the first support 131 and the second support 132, one end of the lead screw 19 is fixedly connected with the first support 131 through a fixing piece 12, a nut 20 and a bolt 21, the fixing piece 12 is a T-shaped fixing piece, the other end of the lead screw 19 is coaxially connected with an output shaft of the motor 17 through a coupler 15, the lead screw 19 is in threaded connection with a fixing frame 14, after the motor 17 is started, the motor 17 and the coupler 15 drive the lead screw 19 to rotate, the lead screw 19 rotates to drive the fixing frame 14 to horizontally move, and the motor 17 is fixed on the second support 132; a groove 22 is formed in the bottom plate 1, a workbench 2 is fixed in the groove 22, and a lifting platform 9 is fixed at the bottom of the workbench 2;

referring to fig. 3, the powder spreading device 100 includes a fixed frame 14, a gear 11, a rotating shaft 16 and a funnel 18, wherein, two lateral ends of the funnel 18 are provided with transverse through holes which are coaxially assembled with the gear 11 and the rotating shaft 16, the outer side of the gear 11 is tangent to the inner walls of two inclined planes of the funnel 18, and the outer side of the rotating shaft 16 is matched with the inner side of the gear 11; two connecting pieces 23 are fixed at the bottom of the fixing frame 14, two cylindrical through holes are uniformly distributed on each connecting piece 23, four cylindrical holes are formed in two ends of the funnel 18, the cylindrical through holes in the connecting pieces 23 are coaxially assembled with the four cylindrical holes in the funnel 18, and the connecting pieces 23 and the funnel 18 are fixedly connected through nuts 20 and bolts 21; the gear 11 is arranged at the large end of the funnel 18, cylindrical through holes at two side parts of the funnel 18 are coaxial with the gear 11, the rotating shaft 16 is coaxially assembled with the gear 11, and a step on the rotating shaft 16 is in contact fit with a step on a groove part of the inner wall of the gear 11; a workbench through hole is formed in the upper end face of the workbench 2, the wire separating table 3 is fixedly arranged on the workbench 2, and the workbench through hole and the wire separating table through hole 31 are coaxially arranged;

referring to fig. 4, the electrostatic filament dividing device 200 comprises a filament dividing table 3, a first pressing block 4 and a second pressing block 5, a filament dividing table through hole 31 is formed in the middle of the filament dividing table 3, a powder spreading groove 32 and a filament dividing groove 33 are formed in the upper surface of the filament dividing table 3, the powder spreading groove 32 is in a cross shape, the filament dividing groove 33 is in a strip shape, and the bottom surfaces of the powder spreading groove 32 and the filament dividing groove 33 are flush. The powder paving groove 32 is hinged with a first pressing block 4 and a second pressing block 5 through two pins 6. The first pressing block 4 and the second pressing block 5 are oppositely arranged at two sides of the through hole 31 of the wire separating table. The diameter of the through hole of the workbench is equal to that of the through hole 31 of the wire separating table. The first pressing block 4 and the second pressing block 5 are made of conductive materials, and the first pressing block 4 and the second pressing block 5 are electrically connected with a power supply.

Referring to fig. 5, the forming device 300 includes a forming die 7, a male die 8 and a lifting table 9, a first support plate 91, a second support plate 92 and a third support plate 93 are arranged on the lifting table 9 from bottom to top, a guide rail 94 is fixed on the first support plate 93, the third support plate 93 is fixed on the upper end of the guide rail 94, a slider 95 is installed on the guide rail 94, the slider 95 can axially and linearly reciprocate along the guide rail 94, the second support plate 92 is fixed on the slider 95, and the slider 95 is driven by a linear motor. The third supporting plate 93 is provided with a forming die 7, the second supporting plate 91 is provided with a male die 8, the forming die 7, the male die 8 and the cylindrical wire separating table through hole 31 of the wire separating table 3 are located on the same axis, and when the slide block 95 drives the male die 8 to ascend, the outer surface of the male die 8 is in contact fit with the inner surface of the forming die 7. The upper surface of the male die 8 is positioned in the through hole 31 of the wire separating table.

The diameter range of the dividing groove 33 is determined by the diameter of the fiber bundle and the diameter of the single fiber, and the diameter range is 1 mm-3 mm. The range of the spacing of the filament separating grooves 33 is determined by the voltage during electrostatic filament separation, the diameter of each fiber filament bundle and the finally expected filament separating effect, and the optimal range of the spacing is 7-10 mm.

Preferably, the diameter of the through holes on both sides of the funnel 18 is smaller than the outer diameter of the gear, so as to prevent the composite material powder from flowing out from the gaps of the gear 11 when the gear 11 rotates. The diameter of the through hole 31 of the wire separating table, the diameter of the cylindrical through hole of the working table and the inner diameter of the forming die are the same; all the bolts and the nuts have the same structure. When the support and the bottom plate 1 are connected, the bottom of the bolt is contacted with the groove of the support.

A method for preparing a continuous fiber reinforced composite material by an electrostatic filament separation method comprises the following steps:

step 1, installing the device;

step 2, starting the device, moving the male die 8 to a position where the upper surface of the male die 8 is away from the upper surface of the forming die 7 by the thickness of a layer of composite material by using the lifting platform 9, and then stopping moving;

step 3, starting the motor 17, starting the shaft coupling 15 and the lead screw 19 to rotate to drive the fixed frame 14 to horizontally move, and driving the rotating shaft 16 to start to drive the gear 11 to rotate by the external motor when the fixed frame 14 moves to one side of the powder paving groove 32 to drive the powder of the composite material in the hopper 18 to leak, namely starting the powder paving action; the outflow amount of the mixed powder of the fiber reinforced composite material and the thickness of the single-layer short fiber reinforced composite material can be controlled according to the rotating speed of the rotating shaft 16;

step 4, when the fixed frame 14 moves to the other side of the powder paving groove 32, the rotating shaft 16 stops rotating, the hopper 18 stops discharging, and the powder paving action is finished;

step 5, equally dividing a bundle of reinforced phase fibers to be added into three bundles and placing the three bundles in parallel in three fiber dividing grooves 33 on the upper surface of the fiber dividing table 3, pressing a first pressing block 4 on the surface of the fiber, setting voltage intensity for the first pressing block 4 according to the requirement of the number of a layer of fibers and electrifying the first pressing block, and completing one-side fiber dividing due to the fact that the fiber has the same charge, namely the fiber dividing effect is shown in fig. 6;

step 6, the second pressing block 5 is put down and pressed on the divided fiber yarns on one side, the first pressing block 4 is powered off and lifted, the same voltage is set, and the second pressing block 5 is powered on; then the first pressing block 4 is put down, the second pressing block 5 is powered off, and the primary continuous fiber splitting is completed;

and 7, pre-pressing the mixed powder in the forming die 7 and the continuous fibers after electrostatic filament separation, and cutting off the continuous fibers exceeding the size of the forming die 7 to finish the preparation of the fiber reinforced composite material layer.

Step 8, repeating the steps 5-7 according to the requirement on the volume content of the fibers until a preset yarn splitting effect is achieved, wherein the effect is shown in figure 7, and obtaining a layer of composite material;

step 9, moving the male die 8 downwards to enable the upper surface of the composite material laid on the male die 8 to be away from the upper surface of the forming die 7 by a layer of composite material thickness and then stopping moving;

and 10, repeating the steps 3 to 8 until the required number of layers of the composite material and the volume content of the fibers in the composite material are reached, and finishing the preparation of the fiber reinforced composite material.

In the step 5, according to the magnitude of the current applied to the pressing block, each fiber is provided with the same charge, namely, the larger the current is, the more the charge is on the fiber, the larger the repulsive force between the fiber is, and the fewer the number of the fibers falling into the circular holes on the powder laying groove 32 is, so that the content of the continuous fibers in the composite material is controlled, namely, different filament separating effects are achieved by controlling the magnitude of the current.

When the material placed in the hopper in the step 3 is a mixture of chopped fibers and powder, the prepared fiber-reinforced composite material is a fiber-reinforced composite material with one layer of chopped fibers and one layer of continuous fibers.

When preparing a chopped strand fiber reinforced composite, comprising the steps of:

the steps 1-4 are the same as the method for preparing the continuous fiber reinforced composite material by the electrostatic filament dividing method, and are not repeated; in the step 3, the material placed in the funnel is a mixture of chopped fibers and powder;

step 5, pre-pressing the mixture of the chopped fibers and the powder, then moving the male die 8 downwards, and stopping moving after the upper surface of the composite material laid on the male die 8 is away from the upper surface of the forming die 7 by the thickness of a layer of composite material;

and (5) repeating the steps (3) to (5) until the required number of layers of the composite material and the volume content of the fibers in the composite material are reached, and finishing the preparation of the fiber reinforced composite material.

The invention can not only efficiently and rapidly prepare the continuous fiber reinforced composite material and the short fiber reinforced composite material, but also realize the purpose of preparing the multi-scale fiber reinforced composite material; the electrostatic filament dividing method can effectively eliminate and reduce the cloud spots and the doubling phenomenon of fiber bundles by controlling the current in the process of preparing the continuous fiber reinforced composite material, efficiently adjust the volume content of fibers in the composite material, realize the controllability of the mechanical property of the prepared fiber reinforced composite material, and has the characteristics of strong practicability and convenient operation.

The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The device for preparing the multi-scale fiber reinforced composite material by the electrostatic filament separating method is characterized by comprising a rack, wherein a forming device (300) for forming the fiber reinforced composite material, an electrostatic filament separating device (200) for separating fibers and a powder spreading device (100) for spreading powder into the forming device (300) are arranged on the rack from bottom to top; the electrostatic filament dividing device (200) comprises a filament dividing table (3), a first pressing block (4) and a second pressing block (5), a powder spreading groove (32) is formed in the upper portion of the filament dividing table (3), a filament dividing table through hole (31) is formed in the powder spreading groove (32), the filament dividing table through hole (31) and a workbench through hole are coaxially arranged, two groups of filament dividing grooves are oppositely arranged on two sides of the powder spreading groove (32), the two groups of filament dividing grooves are oppositely arranged on two sides of the filament dividing table through hole (31), each group of filament dividing grooves comprise a plurality of parallel filament dividing grooves (33), and the bottom surface of the powder spreading groove (32) is hinged with the first pressing block (4) and the second pressing block (5); the forming device (300) comprises a forming die (7) and a male die (8) which are coaxially arranged, and the male die (8) is arranged in the forming die (7);

install workstation (2) on bottom plate (1) of frame, the workstation through-hole has been seted up to workstation (2) roof, and static divides silk device (200) to fix on the roof of workstation (2).

2. The device for preparing the multi-scale fiber reinforced composite material by the electrostatic filament separating method according to claim 1, wherein the rack comprises a lead screw (19), the powder spreading device (100) comprises a funnel (18), a gear (11) and a rotating shaft (16), a fixing frame (14) is connected to the lead screw (19) in a threaded manner, the fixing frame (14) can horizontally move on the lead screw (19), the funnel (18) is fixed at the lower end of the fixing frame (14), the gear (11) is arranged in the funnel (18), the outer side of the gear (11) is tangent to the inner walls of two inclined planes of the funnel (18), the gear (11) and the rotating shaft (16) are connected through a key, and one end of the rotating shaft (16) extends out of the funnel (18) and is connected with a power device.

3. The device for preparing the multi-scale fiber reinforced composite material by the electrostatic filament splitting method according to claim 2, wherein a mounting hole for passing through the rotating shaft (16) is formed in the side wall of the funnel (18), and the diameter of the mounting hole is smaller than the outer diameter of the gear (11).

4. The device for preparing the multi-scale fiber reinforced composite material by the electrostatic filament splitting method according to claim 1, wherein the forming die (7) and the male die (8) are both mounted on a lifting table (9), a first supporting plate (91), a second supporting plate (92) and a third supporting plate (93) are arranged on the lifting table (9) from bottom to top, a guide rail (94) is fixed on the first supporting plate (91), the third supporting plate (93) is fixed at the upper end of the guide rail (94), a sliding block (95) is mounted on the guide rail (94), the sliding block (95) can axially and linearly reciprocate along the guide rail (94), the second supporting plate (92) is fixed on the sliding block (95), and the sliding block (95) is driven by a linear motor; the third supporting plate (93) is provided with a forming die (7), the second supporting plate (92) is provided with a male die (8), the forming die (7), the male die (8) and the wire separating table through hole (31) of the wire separating table (3) are coaxially arranged, and when the sliding block (95) drives the male die (8) to ascend, the outer surface of the male die (8) is in contact fit with the inner surface of the forming die (7).

5. The device for preparing the multi-scale fiber reinforced composite material by the electrostatic filament dividing method according to claim 2, wherein the diameter of the filament dividing groove (33) is 1 mm-3 mm.

6. The device for preparing the multi-scale fiber reinforced composite material by the electrostatic filament dividing method according to claim 1, wherein the pitch of the filament dividing grooves (33) is 7 mm-10 mm.

7. A method for preparing a fiber reinforced composite material by an electrostatic filament splitting method, which is based on the device of claim 1, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, enabling the upper surface of a male die (8) and the upper surface of a forming die (7) to be separated by the thickness of a layer of composite material;

step 2, horizontally moving the fixed frame (14), and when the fixed frame (14) moves to one side of the electrostatic filament separating device (200), enabling the rotating shaft (16) to start to drive the gear (11) to rotate, driving the powder in the hopper (18) to start to leak and spread on the upper surface of the male die (8), namely starting to spread the powder;

step 3, when the fixed frame (14) moves to the other side of the electrostatic filament separating device (200), stopping rotating the rotating shaft (16), stopping discharging the material from the hopper (18), and finishing the powder spreading action;

step 4, dividing a bundle of fibers into a plurality of bundles, placing the bundles of fibers in different filament dividing grooves (33), pressing a first pressing block (4) on the surface of the fibers, electrifying the first pressing block (4), and completing filament dividing on one side of the fibers due to the fact that the fibers have the same charges;

step 5, pressing a second pressing block (5) on the fiber on one side of which the yarn splitting is finished, powering off and lifting the first pressing block (4), and powering on the second pressing block (5); then the first pressing block (4) is put down, and the second pressing block (5) is powered off, so that a layer of fiber devillicate is completed;

step 6, pre-pressing the powder in the forming die (7) and the continuous fibers completing electrostatic filament splitting, and cutting off the continuous fibers exceeding the forming die (7) to complete the preparation of a layer of fiber reinforced composite material;

step 7, repeating the step 4 to the step 6 according to the requirement on the volume content of the fibers until a set filament separating effect is achieved, so as to obtain a layer of composite material;

step 8, moving the male die (8) downwards to enable the upper surface of the composite material laid on the male die (8) to be separated from the upper surface of the forming die (7) by the thickness of a layer of composite material;

and 9, repeating the steps 3 to 8 until the required number of layers of the composite material and the volume content of the fibers in the composite material are reached.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the voltage of the power supply for energizing the second press block (5) in step 5 is equal to the voltage of the power supply for energizing the first press block (4) in step 4.

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