CN110293381B - Gear shaping processing technology of gear - Google Patents
Gear shaping processing technology of gear Download PDFInfo
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- CN110293381B CN110293381B CN201910596592.0A CN201910596592A CN110293381B CN 110293381 B CN110293381 B CN 110293381B CN 201910596592 A CN201910596592 A CN 201910596592A CN 110293381 B CN110293381 B CN 110293381B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P23/02—Machine tools for performing different machining operations
Abstract
The invention provides a gear shaping processing technology of a gear, which comprises the following steps: the rotary driving part (300) is driven, and the rotary driving part (300) drives a cutter (222) arranged on the upright post (120) to do surrounding gradual movement around the gear blank so that the gear shaping cutter performs surrounding gear shaping processing on the gear blank; the two rotating main shafts (301) are driven to synchronously rotate, the rotating force of the rotating main shafts (301) is transmitted to the rectangular rotating frame (302) fixedly connected with the rotating main shafts (301), the deflection of the upright post (120) is realized, the position of the driving block (303) on the rotating frame (302) is adjusted, and the radius of the circumference where the cutter (222) moves around the gear blank is adjusted; the gear shaping processing of the gear blank mounted on the lathe bed (100) is realized by continuously transmitting power to the rotating main shaft and adjusting the position of the driving block (303) on the rotating frame (302) through the cutter (222) arranged on the upright post (120).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a machine tool, in particular to a gear shaping processing technology of a gear.
Background
A gear shaping machine is a metal cutting machine tool, is a gear processing machine tool for processing internal and external straight teeth, helical gears and other tooth-shaped parts by using a gear shaping cutter according to a generating method, and is divided and horizontal, so that the former is most commonly used. The vertical gear shaper has two modes of cutter relieving and workpiece relieving. The cutter back-off tool for high-speed and large-scale gear shaping machines and the workpiece back-off tool for medium and small-sized gear shaping machines are generally used. The molding device is mounted on a cutter spindle on a vertical gear shaper and simultaneously performs rotary motion and up-and-down reciprocating slotting motion, a workpiece is mounted on a workbench and the workbench (or a tool rest) can transversely move to realize radial cutting-in motion. During the return stroke of the cutter, the cutter rest slightly swings backwards to realize cutter back-off motion or cutter back-off motion of the workbench. During the machining of the helical gear, the toothed rack is additionally rotated correspondingly with the up-and-down movement by means of an attachment (helical guide) mounted on the spindle. The appearance of high-speed gear shaping machines in the 60 s of the 20 th century is mainly characterized in that a cemented carbide gear shaping cutter is adopted, the stroke number of a main shaft of the cutter is up to 2000 times/minute, a static pressure bearing and a static pressure sliding block are adopted, the cutter is retracted by the swinging of a cutter frame, and the impact is reduced. Horizontal gear shaping machines have two independent tool spindles and are horizontally arranged with a staggered reciprocating movement, which are mainly used for machining clearance-free groove herringbone gears and shaft gears of all kinds. Furthermore, the shaping device with the use of a shaping cutter performs a reciprocating cutting movement and a cutter back-off movement during operation, and the corresponding rotational movement of the workpiece and the linear movement in a direction parallel to the shaping cutter pitch line are intermittent.
The gear shaping machine in the prior art has the problem of low efficiency, and in order to solve the problem of low machining efficiency of a common gear shaping machine, the multifunctional integrated gear machining equipment which is ingenious in structure and convenient to operate and use and can perform gear shaping machining on a plurality of gear blank pieces simultaneously is designed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the multifunctional gear machining numerical control machine tool which is ingenious in structure, simple in principle, capable of simultaneously performing gear shaping machining on a plurality of gear blank pieces and convenient and fast to operate and use.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.
The gear shaping processing technology of the gear comprises the following steps:
the rotary driving part (300) is driven, and the rotary driving part (300) drives a cutter (222) arranged on the upright post (120) to do surrounding gradual movement around the gear blank so that the gear shaping cutter performs surrounding gear shaping processing on the gear blank; the cutter (222) is a gear shaper cutter;
the lower end of the upright post (120) is fixedly provided with a rectangular lead plate (121), the length direction of the lead plate (121) is parallel to the length direction of the lathe bed (100), the width direction is parallel to the width direction of the lathe bed (100), a first guide rail (122) and a second guide rail (123) which are used for connecting the lead plate (121) and the lathe bed (100) are arranged between the lead plate (121) and the lathe bed (100), the lead plate (121) and the first guide rail (122) form sliding guide fit along the length direction parallel to the lathe bed (100), the first guide rail (122) and the second guide rail (123) form sliding guide fit along the width direction parallel to the lathe bed (100), and the second guide rail (123) is fixedly connected with the lathe;
the rotary driving component (300) is arranged between the lower end face of the lathe bed (100) and the lower end face of the lead plate (121), the rotary driving component (300) comprises rotary main shafts (301) which are rotatably arranged in the lathe bed (100) and are vertically arranged, the rotary main shafts (301) are provided with two rotary main shafts and are symmetrically arranged along the width direction of the lathe bed (100), the top ends of the rotary main shafts (301) are provided with rectangular rotary frames (302) which are horizontally arranged, the middle positions of the rotary frames (302) along the length direction are fixedly connected with the top ends of the rotary main shafts (301), the rotary frames (302) are movably provided with driving blocks (303), the driving blocks (303) are positioned at eccentric positions of the rotary main shafts (301) in the circumferential direction, the eccentric distance is equal to the radius of the circumference of the tool (222) which moves around the gear blank, and the eccentric distance of the driving blocks (303) in the circumferential direction of the rotary main shafts, the driving block (303) is fixedly connected with the lead plate (121), and the two rotating main shafts (301) are driven to synchronously rotate, so that the lead plate (121) rotates around the vertical direction as an axis and the rotating radius is equal to the eccentric distance of the driving block (303) in the circumferential direction of the rotating main shafts (301), and the cutter (222) is driven to circularly move around the gear blank;
the two rotating main shafts (301) are driven to synchronously rotate, the rotating force of the rotating main shafts (301) is transmitted to a rectangular rotating frame (302) fixedly connected with the rotating main shafts (301), under the guiding action of a first guide rail (122) and a second guide rail (123), the deflection of the upright post (120) is realized, the position of a driving block (303) on the rotating frame (302) is adjusted, and the radius of the circumference where the cutter (222) moves around along the gear blank is adjusted;
the gear shaping processing of the gear blank mounted on the lathe bed (100) is realized by the cutter (222) arranged on the upright post (120) through continuously transmitting power to the rotating main shaft and adjusting the position of the driving block (303) on the rotating frame (302).
According to the further improvement of the technical scheme, the upright column is also fixedly provided with a drilling and milling motor, and the cutter (222) is arranged at the output shaft end of the drilling and milling motor.
In the further improvement of the technical scheme, a synchronous transmission assembly (304) for connecting the two rotating main shafts (301) is arranged between the two rotating main shafts, and the synchronous transmission assembly (304) is a belt transmission synchronous transmission assembly.
According to the technical scheme, the rotary driving component (300) further comprises a power source (310), the power source (310) comprises a rotary stepping motor (311) fixedly installed in the lathe bed (100), the axial direction of an output shaft of the rotary stepping motor (311) is parallel to the length direction of the lathe bed (100), a worm (312) is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the output shaft of the rotary stepping motor (311), a turbine (313) is coaxially and fixedly sleeved on one rotary spindle (301), the worm (312) is meshed with the turbine (313), and the rotary spindle (301) is driven to rotate through the rotary stepping motor (311).
The technical scheme is further improved, a sliding groove (305) with an upward opening and arranged along the length direction of the rotating frame (302) is formed in the rotating frame (302), a driving block (303) is movably embedded in the sliding groove (305) and can slide along the length direction of the sliding groove, a reducing adjusting screw rod (306) arranged in parallel to the length direction of the sliding groove (305) is rotatably arranged in the sliding groove (305), the driving block (303) is movably sleeved outside the reducing adjusting screw rod (306) and forms threaded connection and matching with the reducing adjusting screw rod, a reducing adjusting motor (307) is fixedly installed at the end position of one end of the rotating frame (302) along the length direction, an output shaft of the reducing adjusting motor (307) is coaxially and fixedly connected with a driving end of the reducing adjusting screw rod (306), the reducing adjusting screw rod (306) is driven to rotate through the reducing adjusting motor (307), and therefore the distance of the driving block (303, thereby changing the distance between the cutter (222) and the axial lead of the corresponding gear blank.
According to the further improvement of the technical scheme, one end, away from the reducing adjusting motor (307), of the rotating frame (302) is provided with a second balancing weight (309) used for balancing the rotation potential energy of the reducing adjusting motor (307).
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a gear shaping state of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a gear shaping state of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a chamfer machining state according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a gear shaping state of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a gear shaping process according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the bed.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the pillar.
Fig. 8 is a partial structural schematic view of the pillar.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the gear shaping processing part.
Fig. 10 is a partial structural view of the lift arm.
Fig. 11 is a connection diagram of the lifting arm and the tool post.
Fig. 12 is a view showing the combination of the lift driving mechanism and the lift arm.
Fig. 13 is a view showing the combination of the lift driving mechanism and the lift arm.
Fig. 14 is a view showing the combination of the crankshaft and the lift arm.
Fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of the elevation driving mechanism.
Fig. 16 is a view showing the connection mechanism, the lift arm, and the tool post.
Fig. 17 is a partial structural view of the connection mechanism.
Fig. 18 is a view showing the fitting of the rotary drive member to the column.
Fig. 19 is a view showing the engagement of the rotary drive member with the column.
Fig. 20 is a schematic structural view of the rotation driving part.
Fig. 21 is a schematic structural view of the rotation driving part.
Fig. 22 is a schematic view of the power source.
Fig. 23 is a partial structural view of the rotation driving part.
Fig. 24 is a schematic structural view of the rotating frame.
Detailed Description
The gear shaping processing technology of the gear comprises the following steps:
the rotary driving component 300 is driven, and the cutter 222 arranged on the upright post 120 is driven by the rotary driving component 300 to do surrounding gradual movement around the gear blank, so that the gear shaping cutter performs surrounding gear shaping processing on the gear blank; the cutter 222 is a pinion cutter;
a rectangular lead plate 121 is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the upright column 120, the length direction of the lead plate 121 is parallel to the length direction of the bed body 100, the width direction of the lead plate is parallel to the width direction of the bed body 100, a first guide rail 122 and a second guide rail 123 for connecting the lead plate 121 and the bed body 100 are arranged between the lead plate 121 and the bed body 100, the lead plate 121 and the first guide rail 122 form sliding guide fit along the length direction parallel to the bed body 100, the first guide rail 122 and the second guide rail 123 form sliding guide fit along the width direction parallel to the bed body 100, and the second guide rail 123 is fixedly connected with the bed;
the rotary driving component 300 is arranged between the machine body 100 and the lower end face of the lead plate 121, the rotary driving component 300 comprises a rotary main shaft 301 which is rotatably arranged in the machine body 100 and is vertically arranged, the rotary main shaft 301 is provided with two rotary main shafts 301 and is symmetrically arranged along the width direction of the machine body 100, the top end of the rotary main shaft 301 is provided with a horizontally arranged rectangular rotary frame 302, the middle position of the rotary frame 302 along the length direction is fixedly connected with the top end of the rotary main shaft 301, the rotary frame 302 is movably provided with a driving block 303, the driving block 303 is positioned at the eccentric position of the rotary main shaft 301 in the circumferential direction and the eccentric distance is equal to the radius of the circumference where the cutter 222 circularly moves along the gear blank, the eccentric distance of the driving block 303 in the circumferential direction of the rotary main shaft 301 is adjustable, the driving block 303 is fixedly connected with the lead plate 121, and the two, the lead plate 121 rotates around the vertical direction as an axis and the rotating radius is equal to the eccentric distance of the driving block 303 in the circumferential direction of the rotating main shaft 301, so that the cutter 222 is driven to do circular motion around the gear blank;
the two rotating main shafts 301 are driven to rotate synchronously, the rotating force of the rotating main shafts 301 is transmitted to the rectangular rotating frame 302 fixedly connected with the rotating main shafts 301, under the guiding action of the first guide rail 122 and the second guide rail 123, the upright posts 120 are deflected, the position of the driving block 303 on the rotating frame 302 is adjusted, and the radius of the circumference where the cutter 222 moves around the gear blank is adjusted;
the gear blank mounted on the machine bed 100 is subjected to gear shaping by the tool 222 arranged on the column 120 by continuously transmitting power to the rotary spindle and adjusting the position of the driving block 303 on the rotary frame 302.
A multifunctional numerical control machine tool for gear machining comprises a rectangular floor type machine tool body 100, one end of the top of the machine tool body 100 in the length direction is provided with a rectangular horizontal workbench 110, the workbench 110 is used for self-centering clamping and fixing gear blanks, the other end of the top of the machine tool body 100 in the length direction is movably provided with a vertical column 120 which is vertically arranged, the top of the vertical column 120 is fixedly provided with a horizontal rectangular installation table 130, the length direction of the installation table 130 is parallel to the length direction of the machine tool body 100, the installation table 130 is positioned right above the workbench 110, a gear shaping machining part 200 is arranged on the installation table 130, the gear shaping machining part 200 is used for gear shaping machining/chamfering machining/drilling machining of gear blank workpieces, the gear shaping machining part 200 comprises a plurality of tool bits and can simultaneously machine a plurality of gear blanks of the same type, a rotary driving part 300 for connecting the vertical column 120 and the machine tool body 100 is, the column 120 is used for transmitting the power of the rotary driving component 300 to the gear shaping processing component 200 and driving the gear shaping processing component 200 to perform the encircling gear shaping processing/the encircling chamfering processing on a plurality of gear blank pieces, and the rotary driving component 300 can adjust the integral turning radius of the gear shaping processing component 200.
Multifunctional gear machining digit control machine tool can carry out gear shaping processing to a plurality of gear blank pieces simultaneously, it carries out gear shaping cutting processing and this motion to corresponding gear blank piece through a plurality of gear shaping sword up-and-down motion of drive and is the primary motion, it carries out the surrounding movement and this motion for feed motion along corresponding gear blank piece through a plurality of gear shaping sword of drive, and the gear shaping sword can carry out chamfer/drilling processing with trading milling cutter/brill sword to the gear, gear machining's efficiency has been promoted greatly, the increase produces the economic rate of return of processing enterprise.
The gear shaping processing component 200 comprises a rectangular lifting arm 210 which is arranged on the mounting table 130 in a penetrating way and can slide up and down, the lifting arm 210 is vertically arranged in the length direction and arranged in the width direction of the lathe bed 100 in the width direction, the lifting arm 210 and the mounting table 130 form sliding guide fit in the vertical direction, the lifting arm 210 can be switched between a high position state and a low position state, the initial state is the high position state, one end of the lifting arm 210 is positioned above the mounting table 130, the other end of the lifting arm 210 is positioned below the mounting table 130, a connecting mechanism 230 which extends outwards is arranged at the lower end of the lifting arm 210, a plurality of tool rests 220 are arranged at the extending end of the connecting mechanism 230, and the tool rests 220 are arranged in a three-point mode, so as to avoid collision between the tool rests 220 and the upright column 120, wherein one tool rest 220 corresponds to one side surface of the lifting arm 210 in the width direction, the other tool rest 220 corresponds to the side surface, The tool rest 220 corresponds to one end face, away from the upright column 120, of the lifting arm 210, a vertically-arranged drilling and milling motor 221 is fixedly mounted on the tool rest 220, an output shaft of the drilling and milling motor 221 is vertically arranged downwards, a tool 222 is detachably arranged on the output shaft, the tool 222 is a slotting cutter/a milling cutter/a drilling cutter, the lifting arm 210 in a high position enables the tool 222 to be located above a clamped gear blank, the lifting arm 210 in a low position enables the tool to be located below the clamped gear blank, three self-centering clamping stations are arranged on the workbench 110 and correspond to the tools 222 one by one, the tools 222 can rotate around the axis of the clamped gear blank, the rotating radius of the tools 222 can be adjusted, a lifting driving mechanism 240 for driving the lifting arm 210 to do vertical reciprocating motion is arranged at the upper end of the lifting arm 210, and the lifting driving mechanism 240 is fixedly mounted on the mounting platform.
In the gear processing process, the gear shaping processing is performed in the first stage, at this time, the cutter 222 is replaced by a gear shaping cutter, specifically, a user clamps a gear blank of the same type on the workbench 110 in a self-centering manner, the user adjusts the rotation radius of the gear shaping processing component 200 and sets the cutter and the gear blank in the horizontal direction according to the diameter of the gear blank, then, the lifting driving mechanism 240 starts to operate and drives the lifting arm 210 to reciprocate up and down in the high position state and the low position state, the lifting arm 210 drives the gear shaping cutter to move synchronously and perform the gear shaping processing on the gear blank, in the process, the rotation driving component 300 drives the gear shaping cutter to perform the surrounding stepwise motion around the gear blank, so that the gear shaping cutter performs the surrounding gear shaping processing on the gear blank, and the rotation driving component 300 gradually reduces the rotation radius of the gear shaping cutter, and gradually feeding the gear shaping cutter along the radial direction of the gear blank until the gear shaping processing is finished.
And chamfering is carried out at the second stage, the cutter 222 is replaced by a milling cutter, and the concrete expression is that firstly, the lifting driving mechanism 240 drives the lifting arm 210 in a high position state to move downwards, the lifting arm 210 drives the milling cutter to be aligned with the upper end face/lower end face of the gear tooth top in the vertical direction, so that the milling cutter is aligned with the edge of the upper end face/lower end face of the gear tooth top, the drilling and milling motor 221 is started, the drilling and milling motor 221 drives the milling cutter to rotate, the rotating radius of the milling cutter is gradually reduced by the rotating driving part 300, the milling cutter is fed along the radial direction of the gear, and meanwhile, the rotating driving part 300 drives the milling cutter to move around along the gear until the chamfering is finished.
And in the third stage, drilling is carried out, the cutter 222 is replaced by a drill, firstly, the rotation radius of the drill is adjusted by the rotation driving part 300, the drill is fed along the radial direction of the gear and is overlapped with the web plate position to be drilled in the horizontal direction, then, the drilling and milling motor 221 is started, the drill is driven to rotate by the drilling and milling motor 221, finally, the lifting driving mechanism 240 drives the lifting arm 210 to be slowly switched from the high position state to the low position state, and the lifting arm 210 drives the drill to vertically move downwards and feed downwards along the axial direction parallel to the gear until the drilling is finished.
In order to drive the upright column 120 to rotate around the vertical direction, a rectangular lead plate 121 is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the upright column 120, the length direction of the lead plate 121 is parallel to the length direction of the bed 100, the width direction of the lead plate is parallel to the width direction of the bed 100, a first guide rail 122 and a second guide rail 123 for connecting the lead plate 121 and the bed 100 are arranged between the lead plate 121 and the bed 100, the lead plate 121 and the first guide rail 122 form a sliding guide fit along the length direction parallel to the bed 100, the first guide rail 122 and the second guide rail 123 form a sliding guide fit along the width direction parallel to the bed 100, and the second guide rail 123 is fixedly connected with the bed 100.
In order to improve the reliability of the reciprocating motion of the lifting arm 210 along the vertical direction, the upper end surface of the mounting table 130 is fixedly provided with a rectangular guide cylinder 211 which is movably sleeved outside the lifting arm 210 and has openings at the upper end and the lower end, the corners of the guide cylinder 211 correspond to the corners of the lifting arm 210, the inner wall of the guide cylinder 211 is provided with a mounting groove 212 corresponding to the corners, the mounting groove 212 penetrates up and down, the mounting groove 212 is rotatably provided with a rubber guide wheel 213, the axial direction of the rotating shaft is parallel to the groove width direction of the mounting groove 212, the guide wheels 213 are arranged up and down, one guide wheel 213 is close to the upper end of the guide cylinder 211, the other guide wheel 123 is close to the lower end of the guide cylinder 211, and the corners of the lifting arm 210 are movably clamped on the guide wheel 213.
In order to drive the lifting arm 210 to reciprocate along the vertical direction, the lifting driving mechanism 240 includes two supporting frames 241 fixedly disposed on the upper end surface of the mounting platform 130, the two supporting frames 241 are symmetrically disposed along the length direction of the mounting platform 130, a crankshaft 242 axially parallel to the width direction of the mounting platform 130 is rotatably disposed between the two supporting frames 241, in order to convert the rotational potential energy of the crankshaft 242 into the power for the elevating movement of the elevating arm 210, the top of the lifting arm 210 is provided with a horizontally extending sleeve-joint hole 214, the central line direction of the sleeve-joint hole 214 is parallel to the axial direction of the crankshaft 242, the sleeve-joint hole 214 is sleeved on the crankshaft 242 along the axial middle position thereof and the crankshaft 242 is movably arranged in the sleeve-joint hole 214 along the length direction parallel to the mounting table 130, the reciprocating movement of the lifting arm 210 in the vertical direction is achieved by driving the rotation of the crankshaft 242 about its axis.
Specifically, in order to be able to drive the crankshaft 242 to rotate smoothly, the end of the crankshaft 242 parallel to the axial direction thereof is a driving end, and the end is coaxially and fixedly sleeved with a flywheel 243, in order to be able to drive the crankshaft 242 to rotate, the lifting driving mechanism 240 further includes a transmission shaft 244 rotatably disposed on the upright post 120 and axially parallel to the axial direction of the crankshaft 242, a lifting driving motor 246 fixedly disposed on the upright post 120, the lifting driving motor 246 is a step motor, an output shaft of the lifting driving motor 246 is axially parallel to the axial direction of the transmission shaft 244, a second belt transmission assembly 247 for connecting the lifting driving motor 246 and the driving end of the transmission shaft 244 is disposed between the lifting driving motor 246 and the driving end of the transmission shaft 244, the second belt transmission assembly 247 includes a second driving pulley coaxially and fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the lifting driving gear 246, a second driven pulley coaxially and fixedly sleeved on the driving end of the, the power of the lifting driving motor 246 is transmitted to the transmission shaft 244 through the second belt transmission assembly 247, and in order to transmit the power of the transmission shaft 244 to the driving end of the crankshaft 242, the first belt transmission assembly 245 for connecting the output end of the transmission shaft 244 and the driving end of the driving shaft 242 is arranged between the output end of the transmission shaft and the driving end of the driving shaft 242.
More specifically, the first belt transmission assemblies 245 are provided with two belt transmission assemblies and are symmetrically arranged along the length direction parallel to the mounting table 130, the first belt transmission assemblies 245 are located between the support frame 241 and the flywheel 243, the first belt transmission assemblies 245 comprise a first driving pulley coaxially and fixedly sleeved on the output end of the transmission shaft 244, a first driven pulley coaxially and fixedly sleeved on the driving end of the crankshaft 242, and a first belt arranged between the first driving pulley and the first driven pulley and used for connecting the first driving pulley and the first driven pulley, and the first belt transmission assemblies 245 transmit the power of the transmission shaft 244 to the crankshaft 242 and drive the crankshaft 242 to rotate around the axis of the first belt transmission assemblies 245.
In the gear shaping process, the lifting driving mechanism 240 needs to drive the lifting arm 210 to reciprocate up and down along the vertical direction, so that the gear shaping cutter performs gear shaping on a gear blank; in the chamfering process, the lifting driving mechanism 240 drives the lifting arm in a high position state to slowly move downwards, so that the milling cutter and the gear tooth top are subjected to tool setting in the vertical direction; in the drilling process, the lifting driving mechanism 240 drives the lifting arm in the high position state to slowly move downwards, so that the drill bit feeds into the drill hole along the axial direction of the gear, in the working process of the lifting driving mechanism 240, specifically, the lifting driving motor 246 is started, the belt transmission assembly two 247 transmits the power of the lifting driving motor 246 to the transmission shaft 244 and drives the transmission shaft 244 to rotate, the belt transmission assembly one 245 transmits the power of the transmission shaft 246 to the crankshaft 242 and drives the crankshaft 242 to rotate, the crankshaft 242 drives the lifting arm 210 to vertically move upwards and downwards, the lifting driving motor 246 controls the movement form of the lifting arm 210, and the requirements of different processing stages of gear blanks are met.
In order to drive the lead plate 121 to rotate along the vertical direction as an axis and control the radius of rotation of the lead plate 121 so as to adapt to the processing of gear blanks of different models, the rotary driving component 300 is arranged between the machine body 100 and the lower end surface of the lead plate 121, the rotary driving component 300 comprises two vertically arranged rotary spindles 301 rotatably arranged in the machine body 100, the rotary spindles 301 are symmetrically arranged along the width direction of the machine body 100, a horizontally arranged rectangular rotary frame 302 is arranged at the top end of the rotary spindle 301, the middle position of the rotary frame 302 along the length direction thereof is fixedly connected with the top end of the rotary spindle 301, a driving block 303 is movably arranged on the rotary frame 302, the driving block 303 is located at the eccentric position of the rotary spindle 301 in the circumferential direction and the eccentric distance is equal to the radius of the circumference of the tool 222 in the circular motion along the gear blank, and the eccentric distance of the driving block 303 in the circumferential direction of the rotating main shaft 301 is adjustable, the driving block 303 is fixedly connected with the lead plate 121, and the two rotating main shafts 301 are driven to synchronously rotate, so that the lead plate 121 rotates around the vertical direction as an axis and the rotating radius is equal to the eccentric distance of the driving block 303 in the circumferential direction of the rotating main shaft 301, and the cutter 222 is driven to circularly move around the gear blank.
Specifically, in order to drive the rotating main shafts 301 to rotate, a synchronous transmission assembly 304 for connecting the two rotating main shafts 301 is arranged between the two rotating main shafts 301, the synchronous transmission assembly 304 is a belt transmission synchronous transmission assembly, in order to drive one of the rotating main shafts 301, the rotating driving part 300 further includes a power source 310, the power source 310 includes a rotating stepping motor 311 fixedly installed in the bed 100, an output shaft of the rotating stepping motor 311 is axially parallel to the length direction of the bed 100, an output shaft of the rotating stepping motor 311 is coaxially and fixedly provided with a worm 312, one of the rotating main shafts 301 is coaxially and fixedly sleeved with a worm wheel 313, the worm 312 is engaged with the worm wheel 313, and the rotating main shafts 301 are driven to rotate by the rotating stepping motor 311.
During the working process of the rotary driving component 300, the rotary stepping motor 311 is started, the rotary stepping motor 311 drives the worm 312 to synchronously rotate, the worm wheel 313 transmits the power of the worm 312 to one of the rotary main shafts 301 and drives the rotary main shafts 301 to rotate, the synchronous transmission component 304 enables the two rotary main shafts 301 to synchronously rotate, the rotary main shaft 301 drives the rotary frame 302 to rotate around the axis direction thereof, the rotary frame 302 drives the driving block 303 to rotate around the axial direction of the rotary main shafts 301, the driving block 303 drives the lead plate 121 to rotate around the vertical line of the midpoint of the connecting line of the two rotary main shafts 301 and the rotating radius is the distance of the driving block 303 deviating from the rotary main shafts 301, the lead plate 121 drives the upright post 120 to synchronously rotate, the upright post 120 drives the gear slotting component 200 to integrally rotate, the gear slotting cutter performs the compound motion of the motion around the gear blank and the reciprocating motion in the vertical direction, and performs the gear slotting machining/milling cutter on the gear blank And performing compound movement, and chamfering the gear tooth tops.
More specifically, in order to change the distance between the cutter 222 and the axial line of the corresponding gear blank, the meaning of the method is that the method is suitable for machining gear blanks with different diameters on one hand, and on the other hand, the cutter 222 can be fed along the radial direction of the gear blank (when the cutter is used for slotting, the slotting cutter is used for feeding and cutting along the radial direction of the gear blank, when the cutter is used for chamfering, the cutter is used for cutting along the radial direction of the gear, when the drill is used for drilling, the drill is fed along the radial direction of the gear and is used for drilling holes on a web plate), for this purpose, a sliding groove 305 with an upward opening and arranged along the length direction is arranged on the rotating frame 302, a driving block 303 is movably embedded in the sliding groove 305 and can slide along the length direction, the sliding groove 305 is provided with a reducing adjusting screw rod 306 arranged parallel to the length direction, the driving block 303 is movably sleeved outside the reducing, a reducing adjusting motor 307 is fixedly installed at the end position of one end of the rotating frame 302 in the length direction, an output shaft of the reducing adjusting motor 307 is coaxially and fixedly connected with a driving end of a reducing adjusting screw 306, and the reducing adjusting screw 306 is driven to rotate by the reducing adjusting motor 307, so that the distance of the driving block 303 deviating from the rotating main shaft 301 is changed, and further, the distance between the cutter 222 and the axial lead of the corresponding gear blank is changed.
More specifically, for promoting the swivel mount 302 around rotatory main shaft 301 pivoted stability, swivel mount 302 deviates from reducing accommodate motor 307 one end and is provided with two 309 of balancing weight block that are used for balancing reducing accommodate motor 307 to rotate potential energy, still be provided with a 308 of balancing weight block that is used for balancing drive block 303 to rotate potential energy on the swivel mount 302, the meaning of this scheme of adoption lies in, simple structure promotes swivel mount 302 pivoted stationarity.
In the process of adjusting the distance of the driving block 303 deviating from the rotating spindle 301, the specific expression is that when the distance of the driving block 303 deviating from the rotating spindle 301 needs to be increased, the reducing adjusting motor 307 is started, the reducing adjusting motor 307 drives the reducing adjusting screw rod 306 to rotate, the reducing adjusting screw rod 306 enables the driving block 303 to slide away from the rotating spindle 301 along the sliding groove 305, and the eccentric distance of the driving block 303 is increased; when the distance of the driving block 303 deviating from the rotating main shaft 301 needs to be reduced, the reducing adjusting motor 307 is started to rotate reversely, the reducing adjusting motor 307 drives the reducing adjusting screw rod 306 to rotate reversely, the reducing adjusting screw rod 306 enables the driving block 303 to slide close to the rotating main shaft 301 along the sliding groove 305, and the eccentric distance of the driving block 303 is reduced.
As a more preferable aspect of the present invention, in order to improve the functionality of the gear shaping processing component 200 and enable the milling cutter to mill an eccentric hole on a workpiece, the lifting arm 210 is arranged in a hollow manner, the connecting mechanism 230 is arranged in the lifting arm 210 and extends to the outside of the lifting arm 210, the connecting mechanism 230 includes a dual connecting rod 231 arranged between the lifting arm 210 and the tool rest 220 and used for hinge-connecting the two, the axial direction of the hinge shaft is perpendicular to the length direction of the lifting arm 210, the dual connecting rod 231 is in a horizontal state in an initial state, the connecting mechanism 230 further includes a slider 232 arranged in the lifting arm 210 and capable of sliding up and down in a vertical direction, a side surface of the slider 232 is provided with a lug extending to the outside of the lifting arm 210 and capable of sliding up and down along the lifting arm 210, a connecting rod 233 used for hinge-connecting the two is arranged between the lug and the dual connecting rod 231, the connecting rod 233 and one of the dual connecting rod, be provided with under the slider 232 with the fixed block 234 of lift arm 210 inner wall fixed connection, be provided with directly over the slider 232 with the inside fixed connection's of lift arm 210 lift adjustment motor 235, the vertical downward arrangement of output shaft of lift adjustment motor 235 and set up lift adjustment screw 236 between this output shaft and fixed block 234, lift adjustment screw 236 one end and the coaxial fixed connection of lift adjustment motor 235 output shaft, the other end and fixed block 234 swivelling joint cooperation, fixed block 234 cup joints in lift adjustment screw 236's outside and both constitute the threaded connection cooperation.
When eccentric holes need to be milled on a workpiece clamped on the workbench 110, the lifting adjusting motor 235 is started, the lifting adjusting motor 235 drives the lifting adjusting screw 236 to rotate, the lifting adjusting screw 236 drives the sliding block 232 to vertically slide downwards, the connecting rod 233 pushes the double connecting rod 231 to rotate downwards around the hinged shaft thereof, the tool rest 220 performs a combined motion of downward motion and mutual approaching motion (it is noted that, at this time, the distance between the tool 222 and the clamping axial line of the corresponding gear blank is unequal, and the processing situations of gear slotting, chamfering and drilling on a plurality of gears are no longer applicable), then, the milling and drilling motor 221 drives the milling cutter to rotate, the rotary driving part 300 drives the milling cutter to mill the eccentric holes on the workpiece, the lifting driving mechanism 240 drives the milling cutter to feed downwards or withdraw upwards along the vertical direction, after the milling of the eccentric holes is completed, the lifting adjusting motor 235 is started to rotate reversely, the lift adjustment motor 235 will drive lift adjustment screw 236 antiport, and lift adjustment screw 236 will drive the vertical upwards slip of fixed block 234 and reset, and connecting rod 233 will promote two connecting rods 231 and upwards rotate around its articulated shaft, makes two connecting rods 231 reset to the horizontality, and the meaning of this scheme of adoption lies in, simple structure promotes gear shaping processing part 200's functionality.
Claims (6)
1. The gear shaping processing technology of the gear comprises the following steps:
the rotary driving component (300) is driven, a cutter (222) arranged on the upright post (120) is driven by the rotary driving component (300) to circularly and gradually move around the gear blank, the cutter (222) is a gear shaping cutter, and the gear shaping cutter is used for circularly shaping the gear blank;
the lower end of the upright post (120) is fixedly provided with a rectangular lead plate (121), the length direction of the lead plate (121) is parallel to the length direction of the lathe bed (100), the width direction is parallel to the width direction of the lathe bed (100), a first guide rail (122) and a second guide rail (123) which are used for connecting the lead plate (121) and the lathe bed (100) are arranged between the lead plate (121) and the lathe bed (100), the lead plate (121) and the first guide rail (122) form sliding guide fit along the length direction parallel to the lathe bed (100), the first guide rail (122) and the second guide rail (123) form sliding guide fit along the width direction parallel to the lathe bed (100), and the second guide rail (123) is fixedly connected with the lathe;
the rotary driving component (300) is arranged between the lower end face of the lathe bed (100) and the lower end face of the lead plate (121), the rotary driving component (300) comprises rotary main shafts (301) which are rotatably arranged in the lathe bed (100) and are vertically arranged, the rotary main shafts (301) are provided with two rotary main shafts and are symmetrically arranged along the width direction of the lathe bed (100), the top ends of the rotary main shafts (301) are provided with rectangular rotary frames (302) which are horizontally arranged, the middle positions of the rotary frames (302) along the length direction are fixedly connected with the top ends of the rotary main shafts (301), the rotary frames (302) are movably provided with driving blocks (303), the driving blocks (303) are positioned at eccentric positions of the rotary main shafts (301) in the circumferential direction, the eccentric distance is equal to the radius of the circumference of the tool (222) which moves around the gear blank, and the eccentric distance of the driving blocks (303) in the circumferential direction of the rotary main shafts, the driving block (303) is fixedly connected with the lead plate (121), and the two rotating main shafts (301) are driven to synchronously rotate, so that the lead plate (121) rotates around the vertical direction as an axis and the rotating radius is equal to the eccentric distance of the driving block (303) in the circumferential direction of the rotating main shafts (301), and the cutter (222) is driven to circularly move around the gear blank;
the two rotating main shafts (301) are driven to synchronously rotate, the rotating force of the rotating main shafts (301) is transmitted to a rectangular rotating frame (302) fixedly connected with the rotating main shafts (301), under the guiding action of a first guide rail (122) and a second guide rail (123), the deflection of the upright post (120) is realized, the position of a driving block (303) on the rotating frame (302) is adjusted, and the radius of the circumference where the cutter (222) moves around along the gear blank is adjusted;
the gear shaping processing of the gear blank mounted on the lathe bed (100) is realized by the cutter (222) arranged on the upright post (120) through continuously transmitting power to the rotating main shaft and adjusting the position of the driving block (303) on the rotating frame (302).
2. The gear shaping process of claim 1, wherein a drilling and milling motor is fixedly arranged on the upright column, and the cutter (222) is arranged at an output shaft end of the drilling and milling motor.
3. The gear shaping processing technology of the gear according to claim 1, wherein a synchronous transmission assembly (304) for connecting the two rotating main shafts (301) is arranged between the two rotating main shafts, and the synchronous transmission assembly (304) is a belt transmission synchronous transmission assembly.
4. The gear shaping processing technology of the gear according to claim 3, wherein the rotary driving component (300) further comprises a power source (310), the power source (310) comprises a rotary stepping motor (311) fixedly installed in the machine body (100), an output shaft of the rotary stepping motor (311) is axially parallel to the length direction of the machine body (100), a worm (312) is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the output shaft of the rotary stepping motor (311), a worm wheel (313) is coaxially and fixedly sleeved on one rotary spindle (301), the worm (312) is meshed with the worm wheel (313), and the rotary spindle (301) is driven to rotate by the rotary stepping motor (311).
5. The gear shaping processing technology of the gear according to claim 1, wherein a sliding groove (305) with an upward opening and arranged along the length direction of the rotating frame (302) is formed in the rotating frame (302), a driving block (303) is movably embedded in the sliding groove (305) and can slide along the length direction of the sliding groove, a reducing adjusting screw rod (306) arranged parallel to the length direction of the sliding groove (305) is rotatably arranged in the sliding groove (305), the driving block (303) is movably sleeved outside the reducing adjusting screw rod (306) and forms threaded connection and matching with the reducing adjusting screw rod, a reducing adjusting motor (307) is fixedly installed at the end position of one end of the rotating frame (302) along the length direction, an output shaft of the reducing adjusting motor (307) is coaxially and fixedly connected with a driving end of the reducing adjusting screw rod (306), the reducing adjusting screw rod (306) is driven to rotate by the reducing adjusting motor (307), and the distance of the driving block (303, thereby changing the distance between the cutter (222) and the axial lead of the corresponding gear blank.
6. The gear shaping processing technology of the gear according to claim 5, wherein a second balancing weight (309) used for balancing rotation potential energy of the reducing adjusting motor (307) is arranged at one end, away from the reducing adjusting motor (307), of the rotating frame (302).
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| CN108994393A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2018-12-14 | 利勃海尔-齿轮技术有限责任公司 | For carrying out device, method, Gear Milling center and the application of chamfering to workpiece |
| CN109663986A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-23 | 重庆康田齿轮有限公司 | A kind of gear ring support saddle process equipment |
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| SU1136383A2 (en) * | 1980-12-22 | 1987-02-07 | Новополоцкий политехнический институт | Gear shaper |
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| CN204353544U (en) * | 2014-12-20 | 2015-05-27 | 重庆天业模具冲压制造有限公司 | Annular trace processing milling machine |
| CN206122765U (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2017-04-26 | 上海工程技术大学 | Novel vertical milling machine based on cycloid revolves and divides |
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| CN109663986A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-23 | 重庆康田齿轮有限公司 | A kind of gear ring support saddle process equipment |
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| CN110293381A (en) | 2019-10-01 |
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