CN110291219A - The metal alloy articles through precipitation strength with uniform strength - Google Patents
The metal alloy articles through precipitation strength with uniform strength Download PDFInfo
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- CN110291219A CN110291219A CN201780086426.5A CN201780086426A CN110291219A CN 110291219 A CN110291219 A CN 110291219A CN 201780086426 A CN201780086426 A CN 201780086426A CN 110291219 A CN110291219 A CN 110291219A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/02—Hardening by precipitation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/04—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails
- C21D9/06—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails with diminished tendency to become wavy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of metal alloy articles are disclosed, with the combination of uniform mechanical property on the cross-sectional area of product.Metal alloy is the alloy of precipitation-hardenable, such as aluminium, copper, nickel, iron or titanium alloy.In specific embodiments, metal alloy is copper-nickel-tin alloy that nominal group becomes Cu-15Ni-8Sn.The product is by including that the recipe step of solution annealing, cold working and precipitation-hardening is strengthened.The product has constant cross section along its length, and 0.2% offset yield strength of minimum on cross section is about 70ksi.
Description
Cross reference to related applications
This application claims the preferential of the U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 62/434,582 submitted on December 15th, 2016
Power, entire contents are incorporated herein by reference.
Background technique
This disclosure relates to the machinery with the yield strength and very high and uniform impact flexibility for being more than 70ksi is special
Property combination product, such as the rod and tube of major diameter.Have now found that with by through precipitation-hardening alloy (such as comprising copper, nickel and
The alloy of tin) made of the relevant specific application of product, and will be described with particular reference to the product.However, should
Understand, present disclosure is readily applicable to other similar applications of the alloy of other precipitation-hardenables.
Summary of the invention
According to the one side of present disclosure, discloses and strengthen the metal alloy articles from casting or forging input object
Method.In principle, solution annealing will be carried out, until input object integrally reaches uniform temperature.Next, being carried out to input object cold
Processing is to obtain required shape and size, such as along its length with the input object of relative constant cross section.For example, input
It is at least 3.25 inches that object, which can be diameter, the cylindrical body that length is at least 30 feet.It is then possible to carry out hot place to input object
Reason, to obtain such product: having uniform toughness and uniform yield strength on the cross section of product.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a kind of metal alloy articles from metal input object are disclosed.It is described
Alloy is the metal alloy of precipitation-hardenable, such as the alloy containing copper Yu nickel and tin.The product along the product length
With relative constant cross section.Metal alloy articles have uniform mechanical property on the cross section of product.
These features and other non-limiting features of present disclosure are disclosed in further detail below.
Detailed description of the invention
It is the brief description of attached drawing below, the attached drawing is provided in order to illustrate exemplary embodiments disclosed herein
, rather than in order to be limited.
Figure 1A is to show 0.2% offset yield strength (offset yield strength, YS) as according to this
The figure of the function of the position for the finished metal alloy bar that the method for disclosure/technique manufacture nominal diameter is 5 inches.
Figure 1B be show 0.2% offset yield strength as the nominal diameter manufactured according to traditional handicraft be 7 English
The figure of the function of the position of very little metal alloy stick, for being compared with figure shown in figure 1A.
Fig. 2A is to show Rockwell hardness B (Rockwell Hardness B, HRB) as the side according to present disclosure
The figure of the function of the position for the metal alloy stick that method/technique manufacture nominal diameter is 5 inches.
Fig. 2 B is the metal alloy for showing Rockwell hardness B and being 7 inches as the nominal diameter manufactured according to traditional handicraft
The figure of the function of the position of stick, for being compared with figure shown in Fig. 2A.
Fig. 3 A is to show ultimate tensile strength (ultimate tensile strength, UTS) as according to the disclosure
The figure of the function of the position for the metal alloy stick that the method for content/technique manufacture nominal diameter is 5 inches.
Fig. 3 B be show ultimate tensile strength (UTS) as the nominal diameter manufactured according to traditional handicraft be 7 inches
The figure of the function of the position of metal alloy stick, for being compared with figure shown in Fig. 3 A.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the detailed description below to the expectation embodiment and embodiment that include herein, this can be more easily to understand
Disclosure.In following description and the appended claims, many terms will be quoted, these terms should be defined as having
There are following meanings.
Unless the context clearly determines otherwise, otherwise without numeral-classifier compound modification noun and " described " include it is a plurality of/kind
Indicant.
Numerical value in specification and claims of this application requirements is it should be understood that include equal number of having when being reduced to
Identical numerical value when effect number, and it is less than with the difference of described value the general measure of the type of the determination value described in this application
The numerical value of the experimental error of technology.
All ranges disclosed herein includes the endpoint and can be independently combinable (for example, the range packet of " 2 grams to 10 grams "
Containing 2 grams and 10 grams of endpoint and all medians).
As it is used herein, can be changed using the approximating languages such as " about " and " substantially " to modify
But not lead to any quantitative expression of its related basic function variation.Modifier " about " is also considered as disclosing
The range limited by the absolute value of two endpoints.For example, statement also discloses the range " from 2 to 4 " " from about 2 to about 4 ".Term
" about " it can refer to positive and negative the 10% of shown number.
The range that term " room temperature " refers to from 20 DEG C to 25 DEG C.
Term is " uniform " for describing the mechanical property of product, such as 0.2% offset yield strength, hardness or tough
Property.When for when describing mechanical property, term " uniform " to refer to the characteristic of the measurement in article cross sections between different location
The consistency of value.When, there are when little deviation, the characteristic value of measurement is regarded as " uniform " between different location.For the disclosure
The purpose of content obtains uniform 0.2% residual deformation and bends if all values are ± 5ksi in either average value upwards
Take intensity.If all measured values are ± 2HRB or HRC in either average value upwards, B grades or C grades uniform is obtained
Rockwell hardness.Finally, if all values either average value upwards be ± 10ft-lbs, obtain uniformly impact it is tough
Property.It note that these are absolute values, rather than standard deviation.
As it is used herein, term " precipitation-hardening " and " age-hardening " are interchangeable.In this respect, for example, simultaneously
Not all alloy can all revolve section hardening, but it is all revolve section hardening alloy be all precipitation-hardenable or can timeliness it is hard
Change.
This disclosure provides the methods of manufacture and reinforced metal alloy product (such as stick or tubular cylinder).It is described
Product can come from casting or forging model.Advantageously, it is more than extremely that disclosed method, which allows to produce cross-sectional diameter,
It is 3.25 inches few, while the combined product (such as stick) of mechanical property is still kept, the mechanical property is on cross-sectional diameter
It is preferably uniform.In existing manufacture and reinforcement process, metal alloy stick of the diameter more than about 3.25 inches is realizing this
The group of the uniform mechanical property of kind, which is closed, not to succeed.Particularly, present disclosure can be related to stick or tubular cylinder
The product of shape.However, any system that method described herein/technique will be suitable for having constant cross section along its length
Product, item, plate, L shape model, Star Model, X-shaped model etc..
Along it, there are the length that the length of constant cross section needs not be equal to entire product.For example, product may include
Multiple portions with varying cross-section size.For example, it is envisioned that a kind of dog bone product, wherein end sections of the product
With biggish outer diameter, and central part has the outer diameter of the larger outer diameter less than end sections.In such embodiments, by
The uniform cold working concentrated in the central part in small diameter, thus the central part of small diameter relative to compared with
The end sections of big outer diameter can show the mechanical property of enhancing.
Initially, alloy product is from input object.The input object can be blank or workpiece.In this respect it should be noted that
Term " alloy " refers to material itself, and term " input object " refers to and is made of molten alloy and according to the side of present disclosure
The consolidated structures of method processing.Term " blank " was not processed (that is, original previously for referring to continuous or static casting
)." workpiece " refers to the blank of subsequent mechanical molding." stick " is solid, and " pipe " has hollow lead to over the whole length
Road.Term " input object " is also used to the original metal piece that fingering enters the technique of present disclosure, and term " product " for refer to from
The technique of format disclosure or the final sheet metal of the technique acquisition by present disclosure.
Metal alloy for manufacturing disclosed product can be acid bronze alloy.Optionally, disclosed for manufacturing
The metal alloy of product can be aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe) or titanium (Ti) alloy.The 50wt% or more of alloy is listed member
Element.
It is, for example, possible to use copper-ni-sn (CuNiSn) alloys of precipitation-hardenable.Copper-nickel-tin alloy disclosed herein
Include about 5wt% to the nickel of about 20wt%, about 5wt% to the tin of about 10wt% and the copper of surplus.It is highly preferred that copper-nickel-
Tin alloy includes the nickel of about 14wt% to about 16wt%, the nickel comprising about 15wt%；The tin of about 7wt% to about 9wt%, comprising about
The tin of 8wt%；And the copper of surplus, do not include impurity and a small amount of additive.In other preferred embodiment, copper-
The nickel and about 5wt% that nickel-tin alloy includes about 8wt% to about 10wt% do not include to the tin of about 7wt% and the copper of surplus
Impurity and a small amount of additive.A small amount of additive includes boron, zirconium, iron and niobium, these additives further promote equiaxed crystal
It is formed, and also reduces the diversity of the diffusion rate of Ni and Sn in matrix during solution heat treatment.Other a small amount of additive
Including magnesium and manganese, the magnesium and manganese can be used as deoxidier and/or can generate shadow to the mechanical property of the alloy under finished product state
It rings.There may also be other elements.Impurity includes beryllium, cobalt, silicon, aluminium, zinc, chromium, lead, gallium or titanium.For the mesh of present disclosure
, it will be understood that these elements of the amount less than 0.01wt% are inevitable impurity, i.e., their presence be not it is expected or
It is desired.There are the no more than about aforementioned elements of 0.3wt% in copper-nickel-tin alloy.
In some embodiments, copper alloy is cupro-nickel (CuproNickel) alloy, is also referred to as CA717 or UNS
C71700 alloy.UNS C71700 alloy contains the up to zinc of 1.0wt%, the iron of about 0.40wt% to about 1.0wt%, about
29wt% to the nickel of about 33wt%, the beryllium (Be) of about 0.3wt% to about 0.7wt%, up to 1.0wt% manganese and surplus
Copper.
In other embodiments, copper alloy also contains beryllium (i.e. BeCu alloy).In some embodiments, BeCu is closed
Gold generally comprises the beryllium of about 1.6wt% to about 2.0wt%, comprising about 1.8wt% to about 2.0wt% and about 1.8wt% to about
The beryllium of 1.9wt%.These BeCu alloys can also include cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe) and/or lead (Pb).In some implementations
In scheme, BeCu alloy can further include the cobalt of about 0.2wt% to about 0.3wt%.In some other embodiments, BeCu
It may include the lead of about 0.2wt% to about 0.6wt% in alloy.The amount of these every kind of elements listed can be with any combination side
Formula is bonded to each other.
In other embodiments, the summation of cobalt and nickel is at least 0.2wt% in these BeCu alloys.In other realities
It applies in scheme, the summation of cobalt, nickel and iron is at most 0.6wt% in BeCu alloy.It should be noted that needing not exist for all three
Element.This kind of alloy can contain at least one of nickel or cobalt, it is also possible to only contain nickel or cobalt.Need not exist for iron, but
In some specific embodiments, the amount of iron is about 0.1wt% or more (the up to described limit).
In some specific embodiments, BeCu alloy includes the beryllium of about 1.8wt% to about 2.0wt%；Summation is at least
The cobalt and nickel of 0.2wt%；Summation is at most the cobalt, nickel and iron of 0.6wt%；And the copper of surplus.The alloy can be from Materion
Company is commercially available with trade name Alloy 25, Alloy 190 or Alloy 290, and also referred to as UNS C17200 alloy.
In some specific embodiments, BeCu alloy includes the beryllium of about 1.6wt% to about 1.85wt%；Summation is at least
The cobalt and nickel of 0.2wt%；Summation is at most the cobalt, nickel and iron of 0.6wt%；And the copper of surplus.The alloy can be from Materion
Company is commercially available with trade name Alloy 165, and also referred to as UNS C17000 alloy.
In other embodiments, BeCu alloy includes the beryllium of about 1.8wt% to about 2.0wt%；About 0.2wt% is to about
The cobalt of 0.3wt%；And the copper of surplus.The alloy can be from Materion company with trade name MoldMaxOr MoldMaxIt is commercially available, and it is considered UNS C17200 alloy.
In other specific embodiments, BeCu alloy includes the beryllium of about 1.8wt% to about 2.0wt%；Summation is extremely
The cobalt and nickel of few 0.2wt%；Summation is at most the cobalt, nickel and iron of 0.6wt%；The lead of about 0.2wt% to about 0.6wt%；And
The copper of surplus.The alloy can be commercially available with trade name Alloy M25 from Materion company, and also referred to as UNS
C17300 alloy.
In some other embodiments, BeCu alloy generally comprises the beryllium of about 0.2wt% to about 0.7wt%, includes
The beryllium of about 0.2wt% to about 0.6wt% or about 0.4wt% to about 0.7wt%.These BeCu alloys can also comprising cobalt (Co) or
Nickel (Ni).In some embodiments, BeCu alloy can further include the cobalt of about 0.8wt% to about 2.7wt%, comprising about
The cobalt of 0.8wt% to about 1.3wt% or about 2.4wt% to about 2.7wt%.In some embodiments, BeCu alloy can be into
One step includes the nickel of about 0.8wt% to about 2.2wt%, comprising about 0.8wt% to about 1.3wt% or about 1.4wt% to about
The nickel of 2.2wt%.The amount of these every kind of elements listed can be bonded to each other in any combination.
In some specific embodiments, BeCu alloy includes the beryllium of about 0.2wt% to about 0.6wt%；About 1.4wt% is extremely
The nickel of about 2.2wt%；And the copper of surplus.The alloy can be commercially available with trade name Alloy 3 from Materion company, and
Also referred to as UNS C17510 alloy.
In some specific embodiments, BeCu alloy includes the beryllium of about 0.4wt% to about 0.7wt%；About 2.4wt% is extremely
The cobalt of about 2.7wt%；And the copper of surplus.The alloy can be commercially available with trade name Alloy 10 from Materion company, and
And also referred to as UNS C17500 alloy.
In other alternative embodiments, copper alloy is copper-nickel-silicon-chromium (Cu-Ni-Si-Cr) alloy.Cu-Ni-Si-
The amount of nickel in Cr alloy can be the about 5wt% to about 9wt% of alloy, comprising about 6wt% to about 8wt% or about
The nickel of 6.4wt% to about 7.6wt%.The amount of silicon in Cu-Ni-Si-Cr alloy can be the about 1wt% to about 3wt% of alloy,
Include about 1.5wt% to the silicon of about 2.5wt%.The amount of chromium in Cu-Ni-Si-Cr alloy can for alloy about 0.2wt% extremely
About 2.0wt%, the chromium comprising about 0.3wt% to about 1.5wt% or about 0.6wt% to about 1.2wt%.The surplus of alloy is
Copper.These copper listed, nickel, silicon and chromium amount can be bonded to each other in any combination.
In other more particular embodiment, copper-nickel-silicon-evanohm contains: about 6.4wt% is to about 7.6wt%'s
Nickel；The silicon of about 1.5wt% to about 2.5wt%；The chromium of about 0.6wt% to about 1.2wt%；And the copper of surplus.The alloy can be from
Materion company is with trade name MoldMaxOr PerforMetTMIt is commercially available.
After procedure of processing as described herein, 0.2% offset yield strength of alloy product is at least 70,
000psi (i.e. 70ksi) to about 180ksi.0.2% offset yield strength is measured according to ASTM E8-16a.In addition, working as root
When being measured at room temperature according to ASTM E23-16b using the test of Xia Shi V-notch, the impact flexibility of alloy product is at least 25 English
Ruler-pound (ft-lbs) is to about 100ft-lbs.In addition, the hardness of alloy product is at least about 90HRB to about 100HRB, or hard
Degree is at least about 20HRC to about 40HRC.Rockwell hardness is measured according to ASTM E18-17e1.
It include in the entire transversal of final metal alloy articles according to the combination of mechanical properties that disclosed method is realized
Uniform impact flexibility, hardness and yield strength on the area of face.These characteristics may be implemented by using hot strengthening mechanism.Example
Such as, in some embodiments, the technique includes that vertical continuous casting, homogenizing, hot-working, solution annealing, cold working and precipitating are hard
Change all these steps.As another example according to embodiment disclosed herein, the technique include casting, homogenizing,
Solution annealing, cold working and precipitation-hardening handle all these steps.In another illustrative non-limiting embodiments,
At least three reinforcement process steps are crucial, including solution annealing, cold working and precipitation-hardening.It is expected that by passing through above-mentioned technique
Resulting product made of the alloy of reinforcing can be diameter and be up at least 10 inches of stick/pipe, and such as those are used for petroleum and day
Stick/pipe, the industry machining bearing of right gas industry, and other symmetry models including stick, item and plate.Further non-
In restricted embodiment, resulting product be can be made of the alloy of above-mentioned process strengthening and diameter is about 1 inch
To about 10 inches of stick/pipe.
The technique that present disclosure is carried out to input object, the input object can be blank or workpiece.Casting can be passed through
(such as passing through continuous vertical casting) forms the blank with grain structure thin and that height is single.According to required application,
Blank can be slab or square billet, and have cylindrical or other shapes in some embodiments.Advantageously, casting technique
It makes it possible to achieve heat processing technique and extends combination of mechanical properties option to meet application demand, such as aerospace, stone
Oil and gas explores component, and the tribology part for mechanical system and mechanism.Optionally, input object can be blocking
The forging model (also referred to as hot-working product or workpiece) made.
As described above, input object and final product have constant cross section." cross section " refer to input object/product along
The shape of the plane vertical with input object/product length.If the ginseng drawn out between the opposite side of the circumference of cross section
Average value of the length away from the line for examining line (such as " diameter ") changes in either direction is no more than ± 5%, then cross section geometry
Shape or shape are " constant ", as the multiple measurement carried out by edge input object/product length is determining.
Hot reinforcement process may include that input object is made to be subjected to the first heat treatment or homogenization step.The heat treatment is enough
At a temperature of carry out the sufficiently long time so that alloy substrate is transformed into single-phase (or very close single-phase).In other words, to input
Object is treated with heat such that alloy is homogenized.According to required final mechanical property and alloy, thus it is possible to vary carry out heat to input object
The temperature and time section of processing.In embodiments, for copper alloy, which is heat-treated in about 1350 ℉ or higher temperature
Lower progress, including about 1475 ℉ to the range of about 1650 ℉.For aluminium alloy, homogenization temperature can be about 840 ℉ to about 1070
℉.For titanium alloy, homogenization temperature can be about 800 ℉ to about 1050 ℉.For ferroalloy, homogenization temperature can be about 1700
℉ to about 1950 ℉.For nickel alloy, homogenization temperature can be about 1800 ℉ to about 2450 ℉.Homogenizing can carry out about 4 hours
To about 48 hours periods.
Hot reinforcement process can also include that the input object of homogenizing is made to be subjected to hot-working.Here, input object is subjected to significant uniform
Mechanically deform, this significant uniform mechanically deform reduces the cross-sectional area of input object, or substantially changes original
The shape of beginning input object.Hot-working can be carried out between solvus temperature and solidus temperature, so that alloy is in deformation phases
Between recrystallize.This changes the microstructure of alloy, to form the thinner of the intensity that material can be improved, ductility and hardness
Crystal grain.According to hot-working progress, the hot-working may cause alloy with anisotropy or not have anisotropy.Heat adds
Work can be carried out by warm and hot forging, hot extrusion, hot rolling, hot piercing (i.e. rotary piercing) or other heat processing techniques.In hot-working
Period can reheat input object, and the input object of per inch thickness heats about 1 hour, but heats anyway at least enough
The long time is to ensure temperature uniformity.In some embodiments, this is about 6 hours.
The metals such as the copper alloy for precipitation-hardenable, for inputting the hot reinforcement process of object usually from heat treatment
(such as solution annealing) starts.In other words, in some embodiments, solution annealing is carried out after above-mentioned homogenization step,
And without intermediate hot-working (for example, for blank directly from casting).In other non-limiting embodiments
In, solution annealing is carried out after above-mentioned thermal work steps.During solution annealing, metal input object is heated to sufficiently high
Temperature, so that all alloying elements are uniformly spread in the essential element of alloy.Solution annealing can be carried out to input object, directly
Reach uniform temperature to its entirety.In the embodiment of copper alloy, solution annealing is at about 1300 ℉ or higher temperature
It carries out, for copper alloy, the range including about 1350 ℉ to about 1650 ℉ or about 1300 ℉ to about 1700 ℉.Solution annealing carries out
About 60 seconds to about 5 hours periods, including about 3 hours or longer period.
For aluminium alloy, solution annealing temperature can be about 840 ℉ to about 1070 ℉.For titanium alloy, solution annealing temperature
Degree can be about 800 ℉ to about 1050 ℉.For ferroalloy, solution annealing temperature can be about 1700 ℉ to about 1950 ℉.It is right
In nickel alloy, solution annealing temperature can be about 1800 ℉ to about 2450 ℉.For these alloys, solution annealing also carries out about 60
The period of second to about 5 hours, including about 3 hours or longer period.It should be noted that solution annealing temperature is usually less than equal
Change temperature, and the solution annealing time is usually also shorter than the time of above-mentioned homogenizing.
In general, carrying out cold water quenching to input object immediately after solution annealing processing.Water temperature for quenching is 180 ℉
Or it is lower.Quenching provides a kind of in the side for retaining dissolution element as much as possible from the structure that solution annealing processing obtains
Formula.The time interval minimum that input object is quenched until will be taken out since heat-treatment furnace to be important.For example, from solid solution
Any delay taken out between input object and quenching greater than 2 minutes in heat-treatment furnace is all harmful.Inputting object should be in quenching
It is kept at least 30 (30) minutes, internal temperature is reduced to about 500 ℉ or lower.Air cooling or other controlled coolings are replaced
Generation quenching is also acceptable.
Next, the input object of cold working solution annealing, or, in other words, cold add, is carried out to the input object of solution annealing
Work.For example, input object can be casting or existing hot-working stick, pipe or plate.After solution treatment, input object is usually " soft
Soft " and more resistant to cold working or forming.Cold working is the mistake for changing metal by plastic deformation and inputting the shape or size of object
Journey, and may include rolling, drawing, Pilger rolling, compacting, spinning, extrusion or cold-heading metal input object.
Cold working usually the recrystallization point lower than input object at a temperature of carry out, and be usually done at room temperature.It is cold
Processing improves hardness and tensile strength, while typically reducing ductility and shock characteristic.Cold working can also improve input
The surface smoothness of object.The percentage that the technique is classified as the cross-sectional area caused by being plastically deformed herein reduces.
This reduces microscopic segregation by the distance between mechanically reducing the secondary dendrite in input object workpiece.Cold working also improves defeated
Enter the yield strength of object.For the optimum value by cold working and the achievable high intensity of precipitation-hardening, should be reduced at least
20% cross-sectional area.However, according to required mechanical property any conjunction can be carried out to cross-sectional area by cold working
Suitable reduction.For example, can reduce the cross-sectional area of about 5% to about 40% or more by cold working.Reduction degree according to
Following formula measurement:
%CW=100* [A0-Af]/A0
Wherein A0It is the initial or original cross-sectional area before cold working, AfIt is the final cross section area after cold working.This
A little cold working parameters are suitable for copper alloy and aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe) or titanium (Ti) alloy.
Solution annealing and cold working step can be repeated, the size or other parameters needed for generating.In embodiment
In, input object is cold worked, until the diameter of input object is at least 3.25 inches, length is up to about 30 feet or longer.
In a further embodiment, it is contemplated that diameter is about 1 inch to about 10 inches.Cold working must be directly before precipitation-hardening
It carries out.
Then, additional heat treatment or precipitation-hardening are carried out to the input object by cold working, no matter the input object is
Forging model is still come from directly from casting.This heat treatment inputs object age-hardening for making.In general, precipitation-hardening
It is carried out at a certain temperature in rotation section precipitation zone or other precipitation zones, the temperature is less than the temperature of solution annealing temperature
Degree.In embodiments, for copper alloy (such as CuNiSn), which is about 400 ℉ to about 1000 ℉, including about 475 ℉
To about 850 ℉, about 475 ℉ to about 1000 ℉, and about 500 ℉ to about 750 ℉.Here, monophase materials will be resolved into spontaneously
Two chemically distinct but structure on identical phase graded area.Structure in the product of precipitation-hardening is very fine, naked eyes
It is invisible, and be continuously, until crystal boundary on entire crystal grain.The tune characterized is formed by the alloy that spinodal decomposition is strengthened
The microstructure of system.The resolution ratio of this fine-scale structure has exceeded the range of optical microscopy.Skillful electricity can only be passed through
Sub- microscopy is differentiated.Optionally, it has been observed that the satellite reflection around the fundamental Bragg reflection in electronic diffraction map
To confirm the spinodal decomposition occurred in copper-ni-sn and other alloy systems.Can change the temperature that workpiece is heat-treated and
Period, to obtain required final response.In embodiments, precipitation-hardening processing carry out about 10 minutes to about 10 hours or
The longer period, including about 3 hours to about 5 hours periods.
For aluminium alloy, precipitation-hardening treatment temperature can be about 200 ℉ to about 500 ℉.For titanium alloy, precipitation-hardening
Treatment temperature can be about 400 ℉ to about 650 ℉.For ferroalloy, precipitation-hardening treatment temperature can be about 900 ℉ to about
1150℉.For nickel alloy, precipitation-hardening treatment temperature can be about 1000 ℉ to about 2080 ℉.For these alloys, precipitating
Cure process also carried out about 10 minutes to about 10 hours or longer period, including about 3 hours to about 5 hours periods.
In specific embodiments, the diameter of final product (can be stick/pipe) is at least 3.25 inches.
In some specific embodiments of copper alloy, it is described input object solution annealing about 1500 ℉ at a temperature of into
The about 3 hours time of row；Cold working causes the cross-sectional area of the input object to be reduced by about 25%, inputs the cross-sectional diameter of object
It is at least 3.25 inches, the length for inputting object is up to about 30 feet；And precipitation-hardening is in about 475 ℉ to the temperature of about 850 ℉
The lower period for carrying out about 10 minutes to about 10 hours.
In some other specific embodiments of copper alloy, input the solution annealing of object about 1500 ℉ at a temperature of
Carry out about 3 hours time；Cold working causes the cross-sectional area for inputting object to be reduced by about 25%, and the cross-sectional diameter for inputting object is
About 5 inches；And precipitation-hardening about 475 ℉ to about 850 ℉ at a temperature of carry out about 10 minutes to about 10 hours time.
In with major diameter (such as about 10 inches) and the specific embodiment of the product made of copper alloy, precipitating/
Rotation section is hardened in the time carried out at a temperature of about 500 ℉ to about 750 ℉ about 3 hours to about 5 hours, then carries out to the product
Air is cooling.
Using technique described above, for metal alloy as described herein, it is special to obtain the machinery with advantageous combination
Property resulting product close.In specific embodiments, the product can be the shape of stick or pipe.The product is after cold working
There is uniform mechanical property on cross section, and have surprising high yield strong before final rotation section heat treatment
The combination of degree and high impact toughness.According to known precipitation-hardening principle, after the heat treatment of rotation section or age-hardening, intensity is special
(i.e. yield strength and ultimate tensile strength) is levied to improve.Technique as described above, by major diameter product (such as stick or
Pipe) suitably it is heat-treated, intensity (for static structure engineering design) and impact flexibility are realized (for reducing roughing
Fracture in) between balance.In other words, it by the degree of balance cold working and precipitation-hardening, may be implemented specific
Target intensity level.
In some specific embodiments, product is stick/pipe, diametrically has in stick/pipe and is greater than 70,000psi (i.e.
Uniform 0.2% offset yield strength 70ksi).In some other specific embodiments, stick/pipe is diametrically
Uniform 0.2% offset yield strength be about 70ksi to about 180ksi.In some other specific embodiments, stick/
Uniform 0.2% offset yield strength diametrically of pipe is about 95ksi to about 180ksi.Stick/pipe is in stick/pipe diameter
The upper uniform impact flexibility with greater than 25 Foot-Pounds (foot pounds, ft-lbs).In some specific embodiments,
The uniform impact flexibility of stick/pipe diametrically is about 25ft-lbs to about 100ft-lbs.Impact flexibility is according to ASTM E23-
16b is tested using Xia Shi V-notch and is measured at room temperature.These characteristics are also applied for other cross sections.
In some specific embodiments, product is that diameter is greater than 3.25 inches, and length is up to about 30 feet, minimum
0.2% offset yield strength is about 70ksi, and impact flexibility is about 24ft-lbs or bigger stick/pipe.
In some specific embodiments, product is that diameter is greater than 3.25 inches, minimum 0.2% offset yield strength
It is about 95ksi, and impact flexibility is stick/pipe of about 25ft-lbs to about 100ft-lbs.
The technique for providing following embodiment to illustrate present disclosure.These embodiments are merely illustrative, not purport
Present disclosure content is being limited to wherein described material, condition or technological parameter.
Embodiment
With reference to Figure 1A, Fig. 2A and Fig. 3 A, show according to the consistent amount of cold working of technology utilization of present disclosure and heat
Processing achievable illustrative properties combination in the stick from casting.Particularly, Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy is used for stick,
The stick is forged by original workpiece.Final product is such stick: its nominal diameter is 5 inches and uses above-mentioned technique
Strengthen to realize similar toughness on the cross section of stick, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength combination.Prepare original workpiece
Test sample at different location, to measure yield strength, hardness and ultimate tensile strength as the function of position.At six
Yield strength, tensile strength and the hardness of different three test samples of position measurement.These positions are from original workpiece
The heart to the center of test sample distance measurement.The position include 0.45 inch of distance center, 0.73 inch, 1.3 inches,
1.33 inches, 1.6 inches and 2.2 inches of distance.
In order to be disclosed herein and use the achievable property combination of reinforcement process shown in Figure 1A, Fig. 2A and Fig. 3 A
It is compared, the property combination using existing reinforcement process is shown in Figure 1B, Fig. 2 B and Fig. 3 B.Particularly, for stick
Using can be from Materion with trade name3 commercially available existing copper-nickel-tin alloys.Finished commodities are marks
Diameter is referred to as 7 inches of stick.The test sample for preparing the multiple diameter of product, the surrender to measure as the function of position are strong
Degree, hardness and ultimate tensile strength.In the yield strength of four different three test samples of position measurement, tensile strength and hard
Degree.These positions are the measurements of the distance at the center from the center of original workpiece to test sample.The position includes in distance
The distance that 0.5 inch, 1.5 inches, 2.5 inches and 3.5 inches of the heart.
Test with reference to Figure 1A, to 0.45 inch, 0.73 inch, 1.3 inches, 1.33 inches, 1.6 inches and 2.2 inches
Each of position sample carries out extension test.Yield strength is measured as 0.2% residual deformation.Observe different positions
The yield strength for setting each test sample at place is usually uniform.For the third test sample in 0.45 inch position,
The minimum yield strength observed is about 97.5ksi, for the third test sample in 1.3 inch positions, is observed most
High-yield strength is about 106.5ksi.Therefore, the maximum yield strength variation observed on the section of stick is only about 9ksi.So
And yield strength usually only changes about 2ksi between test sample, the average value of all test samples is about 104ksi.Therefore, 5
The finished product stick of inch nominal diameter diametrically shows uniform yield strength at it, as shown in Figure 1A.In contrast, Tu1BSuo
The extension test of the existing copper-nickel-tin alloy shown shows such yield strength: the yield strength is from surface (i.e. 3.5
Inch) change very greatly (range 30ksi) to the center of stick.
Test with reference to Fig. 2A, to 0.45 inch, 0.73 inch, 1.3 inches, 1.33 inches, 1.6 inches and 2.2 inches
Each of position sample carries out hardness test.Particularly, B grades of Rockwell hardness are measured.For each survey at different location
Test agent observes that hardness is usually uniform, including about 90HRB to the range of about 100HRB.For in 0.73 inch position
The second test sample, the lowest hardness observed is about 95.3HRB point.For the third test specimens in 1.33 inch positions
Product and the first test sample in 1.6 inch positions, the maximum hardness observed is about 97.5HRB point.Thus, it is seen that
Highest hardness variation is only about 2HRB point, this is unexpected for the stick by cold working at these diameters.Cause
This, the sticks of 5 inch nominal diameters diametrically shows uniform hardness at it, as shown in Figure 2 B.In contrast, shown in Fig. 2 B
The hardness test of existing copper-nickel-tin alloy shows such hardness: diametrically variation very big (model of the hardness in stick
It encloses for~10HRB point).
Test with reference to Fig. 3 A, to 0.45 inch, 0.73 inch, 1.3 inches, 1.33 inches, 1.6 inches and 2.2 inches
Each of position sample carries out ultimate elongation test.Ultimate elongation is observed for each test sample at different location
Intensity is usually uniform.For the third test sample in 0.45 inch position, the lowest limit tensile strength observed
It is about 102ksi, for the third test sample in 1.3 inch positions, the upper limit (UL) tensile strength observed is about
108ksi.Therefore, the greatest limit tensile strength variation observed on the section of stick is only about 6ksi.However, test sample
Between ultimate tensile strength usually only change about 2ksi.Therefore, the stick of 5 inch nominal diameters is diametrically shown uniformly at it
Ultimate tensile strength, as shown in Figure 3A.In contrast, the extension test of existing copper-nickel-tin alloy shown in Fig. 3 B is shown
Such ultimate tensile strength out: center variation of the ultimate tensile strength from surface (i.e. 3.5 inches) to stick very (range greatly
For 30ksi).
In other applications, the product made of the alloy of precipitation-hardenable disclosed herein can be used for petroleum and natural
Gas exploration industry, aerospace industry, and mechanical system and machinery using tribology part.Particularly, disclosed herein
Product can be used for oil and gas prospect industry, such as drill collar, protection connector, crossover sub, drill bit assembly or righting
Device.Equally, target product can be used for oil and natural gas production industry, such as production tree (that is, commonly used in control petroleum or
Natural gas flows out the component of the valve of flow of well, spool and accessory), the component in spraying-preventing system, sliding valve or slide valve, life
Produce the component of well pump or the component of rod-type pumping system.Optionally, product as described herein can be used as wear parts, such as industrial
Slide unit in system.The further purposes of product disclosed herein include as aircraft, seabed ship or above water craft,
Industrial machine, roadless transport equipment, ground engagement equipment or Mars Miner bushing or bearing.The additional use of product disclosed herein
Way include for explore, sense or direction guidance equipment non-magnetic part.Other purposes of target product may include being used for
The tool of plasticity molding and manufacture component.
Pass through processing, including solution annealing, cold working and precipitation-hardening, it now is possible to obtain have for 70ksi up to
The Charpy upper platform energy of minimum 0.2% offset yield strength and up to 25ft-lbs and up to 100ft-lbs of 180ksi
Major diameter (that is, diameter be greater than 3.25 inches) copper-nickel-tin alloy stick or pipe.These advantageous mechanical properties can be on edge
The length of product have relative constant cross section product in further realize.At solution annealing, cold working and precipitation-hardening
Reason is so that these advantageous mechanical properties are uniform on the cross-sectional area of product disclosed herein.These characteristics are tight
The machinery of lattice be served by vital feature, wherein needing high crack initiation and extension resistance, fatigue resistance, long-life
With reliability, erasibility, wearability, corrosion resistance, temperature tolerance etc..
Present disclosure is described by reference to exemplary implementation scheme.Obviously, the detailed of front is being read and understood
After description, a variety of modifications and replacement can be carried out.Present disclosure intention is interpreted as including all such modifications and replaces
It changes, as long as they fall into the range of appended claims or its equivalent.
Claims (25)
1. a kind of method for preparing product by input object, the input object is casting or forging model, which comprises
The input object solution annealing is set to reach uniform temperature until the entire input object；
Cross-sectional area of the input object until reducing by about 5% to about 40% is cold worked；And
Described in precipitation-hardening input object to obtain the product,
Wherein the product has constant cross section along its length, and has about 70ksi or bigger on the cross section
Uniform 0.2% offset yield strength.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, reducing by least 20% cross-sectional area during the cold working.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the input object is made of copper alloy, and the solution annealing exists
About 60 seconds to about 5 hours periods are carried out at a temperature of about 1350 ℉ to about 1650 ℉.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the solution annealing about 800 ℉ to about 2450 ℉ at a temperature of into
About 60 seconds to the about 5 hours periods of row.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the product is that diameter is greater than 3.25 inches or diameter is up to 10 English
The stick or pipe that very little or diameter is about 1 inch to about 10 inches.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the length of the product is about 30 feet or longer.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the precipitation-hardening of copper alloy is in about 400 ℉ to about 1000 ℉'s
At a temperature of carry out about 10 minutes to about 10 hours periods.
8. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the precipitation-hardening about 200 ℉ to about 2080 ℉ at a temperature of into
About 10 minutes to the about 10 hours periods of row.
9. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, when being tested using Xia Shi V-notch in room according to ASTM E23-16b
When measuring under temperature, the product is uniform with about 25ft-lbs to about 100ft-lbs or bigger on the cross section
CVN impact flexibility.
10. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, uniform 0.2% offset yield strength of the product
It is about 70ksi to about 180ksi.
11. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the product has about HRB90 to about HRB on the cross section
100 uniform Rockwell B hardness, or the uniform Rockwell C on the cross section with about HRC 20 to about HRC 40 are hard
Degree.
12. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the blank is made of copper, aluminium, nickel, iron or titanium alloy.
13. according to the method described in claim 1, further comprising making the input object about before the solution annealing
About 60 seconds to about 5 hours periods are homogenized at a temperature of 800 ℉ to about 2450 ℉；Wherein the solution annealing is more equal than described
Change and is carried out at lower temperature.
14. a kind of product, includes:
Metal alloy through precipitation-hardening；And
There is constant cross section along the length of the product,
Wherein the product on the cross section of the product have uniform 0.2% offset yield strength and uniformly
Hardness.
15. product according to claim 14, wherein the product is stick or pipe.
16. product according to claim 15, wherein the diameter of the stick or pipe is at least 3.25 inches or diameter is
About 5 inches or diameter are about 10 inches.
17. product according to claim 15, wherein the length of the stick or pipe is up to about 30 feet or longer.
18. product according to claim 14, wherein the metal alloy is copper-nickel-tin alloy.
19. product according to claim 18,
Wherein, the copper-nickel-tin alloy includes about 5wt% to the nickel of about 20wt%, the tin of about 5wt% to about 10wt%, and
The copper of surplus；Or
Wherein, the copper-nickel-tin alloy includes about 14wt% to the nickel of about 16wt%, the tin of about 7wt% to about 9wt%, and
The copper of surplus；Or
Wherein, the copper-nickel-tin alloy includes about 8wt% to the nickel of about 10wt%, the tin of about 5wt% to about 7wt%, and
The copper of surplus.
20. product according to claim 14, wherein the product is equal with about 25ft-lbs's to about 100ft-lbs
Even Xia Shi V-notch impact flexibility.
21. product according to claim 14, wherein uniform 0.2% offset yield of the product is strong
Degree is about 70ksi to about 180ksi.
22. product according to claim 14, wherein the product is uniform with about HRB's 90 to about HRB 100
Rockwell B hardness or uniform Rockwell C hardness with about HRC20 to about HRC40.
23. product according to claim 14, wherein the product is drill collar；Protect connector；Crossover sub；Bit head
Part；Centralizer；Production tree；The component of spraying-preventing system；Sliding valve or slide valve；Produce the component of well pump；The portion of rod-type pumping system
Part；Slide unit in industrial system；It is connect for aircraft, seabed ship or above water craft, industrial machine, roadless transport and ground
Close the bushing or bearing of equipment, Mars Miner；For exploring, sensing or the non-magnetic part of directional guide equipment；Either it is used for
The tool component of plasticity molding, welding or manufacturing device.
24. product according to claim 14, wherein the metal alloy is aluminium, copper, nickel, iron or titanium alloy.
25. a kind of device including product according to claim 14.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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|---|---|---|---|
| US201662434582P | 2016-12-15 | 2016-12-15 | |
| US62/434,582 | 2016-12-15 | ||
| PCT/US2017/066642 WO2018112325A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 | 2017-12-15 | Precipitation strengthened metal alloy article having uniform strength |
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| CN110291219A true CN110291219A (en) | 2019-09-27 |
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| US (1) | US10648067B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3555338A1 (en) |
| JP (2) | JP2020509180A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20190095327A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN110291219A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2018112325A1 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115505765A (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2022-12-23 | 中南大学 | Preparation method and application of alloy wire |
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| CN115305372B (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2024-03-08 | 陕西斯瑞扶风先进铜合金有限公司 | Preparation method of high-strength wear-resistant CuNiSn alloy material for bearing sleeve |
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| WO2018112325A1 (en) | 2018-06-21 |
| JP2020509180A (en) | 2020-03-26 |
| US20180171455A1 (en) | 2018-06-21 |
| JP2022174064A (en) | 2022-11-22 |
| KR20190095327A (en) | 2019-08-14 |
| EP3555338A1 (en) | 2019-10-23 |
| US10648067B2 (en) | 2020-05-12 |
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