CN110287579A - It is a kind of based on river survey station control analysis multistage stage discharge relation determine method - Google Patents
It is a kind of based on river survey station control analysis multistage stage discharge relation determine method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of multistage stage discharge relations based on the control analysis of river survey station to determine method, comprising: S1. is based on water flow movement rule and establishes stage-discharge model by analyzing the hydraulics attribute and geometric attribute of discharge site；S2. according to river actual conditions, control stage when to composite river fluctuation of water table is identified and is combined, and is divided into multiple standard geometric figures for composite river is equivalent；S3. the multi-phase containment marked off based on composite river is established corresponding control matrix and solves joint equation.Present invention determine that rating curve pass through the analysis to survey station hydraulics attribute and geometric attribute, the water flow movement rule of survey station section is fully considered, keep the selection of fitting of stage-discharge relation line style more objective, fitting parameter has specific physical significance, and range of stage can be divided into several segments according to survey station characteristic, the non-linear relation of composite river stage-discharge is embodied, so that it is determined that the zone of reasonableness of different section fitting parameters.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydraulic engineering hydrologic survey fields, more particularly, to one kind based on the control analysis of river survey station
Multistage stage discharge relation determine method.
Background technique
Stage discharge relation refers to the relationship between discharge site section water level and corresponding discharge.Due to discharge measurement technology
Complicated, cost valuableness, it is difficult to be carried out continuously, continuous water level prediction is usually passed through into stage-discharge in hydrological data compilation
Relation curve is converted to continuous flow data, and therefore, rating curve has important practical meaning.
Traditional determination rating curve method, which needs first to be determined according to survey station characteristic, is fitted line style, then basis
The multiple measured water level of survey station section and its correspondence data on flows determine fitting parameter, thereby determine that the specific number of stage discharge relation
Learn equation.Fitting line style often selects power function type, polynomial type and logarithmic function type, and fitting parameter solution is then to determine one
It after determining fitting criterion, is solved by respective algorithms, common fitting criterion includes that residual sum of squares (RSS) minimum criteria, absolute residuals are exhausted
To value and minimum criteria and opposite residual absolute value and minimum criteria, common algorithm include least square method, genetic algorithm,
Ant group algorithm, chaos algorithm, mixing tabu search algorithm, artificial fish-swarm algorithm, artificial bee colony algorithm, is lived in groups at particle swarm algorithm
Spider algorithm, Immune Evolutionary Algorithm, differential evolution algorithm etc..However although the above method is proposed and to be chosen according to survey station characteristic
It is fitted line style, but actually fitting line style is to choose according to the distribution form of measured water level data on flows scatterplot by micro-judgment
, it is not based on hydraulics attribute and geometric attribute that water flow movement rule fully considers survey station, so that different to characteristic
When discharge site carries out rating curve fitting, without being more objectively fitted line style choosing method.And it is common at present
Single collimation method in entire measured water level and range of flow using the single line with a kind of functional relation, and work as survey station
Control condition when being changed with water level, actual water level discharge relation is different under high, medium and low water level, so that single quasi-
Closing curve has the significant section difference of comparison, therefore attempts generally to change the water within the scope of its entire range of stage with a functional expression
Bit stream magnitude relation is unscientific, and does not meet the characteristic of survey station stage discharge relation, and then influences the essence of alignment and plug-flow
Degree and application in engineering practice.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is that the above-mentioned line style of rating curve in the prior art selection is overcome to be not based on water flow movement rule
Rule fully considers that survey station characteristic has the defect than more significant section difference so as to cause matched curve, provides a kind of based on river survey
The multistage stage discharge relation that control is analyzed of standing determines method, by the analysis to survey station hydraulics attribute and geometric attribute, fills
Divide the water flow movement rule for considering survey station section.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: it is a kind of that analysis is controlled based on river survey station
Multistage stage discharge relation determines method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: water is established by analyzing the hydraulics attribute and geometric attribute of discharge site based on water flow movement rule
Bit traffic model.
The overcurrent flow of natural river course discharge site control section is usually acquired with mean velocity in section multiplied by cross-sectional area,
Mean velocity in section and cross-sectional area are indicated with water level respectively, general type of the flow about water level expression formula can be obtained:
Q=a (H-b)c (1.1)
Q is flow in formula, and H is water level, and a is coefficient, and c is index, and b is zero flowing water position.
The parameters in stage discharge relation formula that the present invention is constructed are according to the information such as survey station control characteristic institute
It determines, parameter embodies form and combines multiple physical quantitys, and the multistage stage discharge relation that the present invention is emphasized is true
Determine in method, is also being changed therewith according to the variation survey station control characteristic of water level.Due to determining two passes of section flow
Keyness factor is mean velocity in section and cross-sectional area, the former depends on survey station Control Cooling, and the latter depends on section configuration, because
This needs further to derive more detailed stage discharge relation formula according to survey station Control Cooling and section configuration.The present invention will walk
Rapid 1 point of four part explanation: survey station controls identification, the analysis of survey station hydraulics attributive analysis, survey station geometric attribute, is based on river survey station
The stage discharge relation formula of control analysis determines.
Further, step 1 comprising the following steps:
Step S11: survey station control identification
Survey station control is to the total of the hydraulic factors of the section or section of hydrometric station stage discharge relation control action
Be divided into control of section and riverbed and control two classes.The stability of hydrometric station stage discharge relation controls whether good depending on survey station
It is good.
(1) it control of section: mostly occurs in upper river, utilizes survey station downstream stone beam, anxious beach, bayonet, bend equal section control
System forms critical flow, and the above water surface curve of control section is relatively stable and almost horizontal, the following water surface curve decline of control section compared with
Fastly.Often in stabilizer surface line Measure section water level, section flow is determined with the hydraulic formula of weir flow or orifice outflow, is thus built
The stage discharge relation of vertical control of section.The stage discharge relation of control of section is mainly by form of fracture and its geometry shadow
It rings.
(2) riverbed controls: mostly occurring in lower reaches of river, realizes by the straight chanel with certain length.When the river
When the water flow of section is uniform flow, water level is measured in control section, section flow is determined with Manning formula, thus establishes riverbed control
Stage discharge relation.According to Manning formula, the stage discharge relation of riverbed control is mainly by measurement section cross-section of river geometry
Shape, mean flow resistance and river bed gradient influence.
Step S12: survey station hydraulics attributive analysis
By carrying out hydraulics attributive analysis to control of section and riverbed control, establishes water and flow through flow equation.
(1) control of section
1. weir flow:
Sharp-crested weir in weir flow has stable head and discharge relation, is generally chiefly used in the flow in laboratory and small rivers and canals
Measurement, sharp-crested weir flow rate calculation formula are as follows:
Q was weir flow amount in formula；AwFor weir crest necked-down section discharge area；For weir crest necked-down section
Mean flow rate, whereinFor efflux coefficient, k is to change related coefficient with weir import form and the cross-section of river, there is k=hco/H0,
hcoFor the necked-down section depth of water on weir；G is acceleration of gravity；H0For total head before weir.
2. orifice outflow (free discharge):
The present invention only considers that water body flows into atmosphere i.e. free discharge situation through aperture, and Q is discharge through orifice in formula；AOFor hole
Mouth cross-sectional area；For orifice outflow after-contraction mean velocity in section, wherein φ is efflux coefficient；G is gravity acceleration
Degree；H0For total head before aperture.
(2) riverbed controls
Measurement section is open channel uniform flow, uses Chezy formulaIt determines cross-section of river mean flow rate, thanks to ability coefficient
C Manning formulaIt calculates, it can thus be concluded that flow:
Q is measurement average section of river flow in formula；A is discharge section area；N is Manning roughness coefficient；R is hydraulic radius；i
For river bed gradient；Hydraulic radius is calculated by formula R=A/ χ, and wherein χ is wetted perimeter.
Step S13: survey station geometric attribute analysis
Geometric attribute analysis is carried out to survey station, selects common section to establish water to control of section and riverbed control respectively disconnected
The standard type expression formula of face area and hydraulic radius.
(1) control of section
Total head is equal to the sum of pressure head and approach velocity head before weir before weir, and approach velocity head magnitude is smaller, often
It is negligible, the upper total head H of Gu Yan0Pressure head H-b on weir can be approximately equal to.Weir crest necked-down section area and section configuration
It is related, rectangle, parabola shaped, 3 kinds of common weirs of canonical form of triangle cross-sectional area are only established here about pressure head (i.e.
About water level) expression formula；It should be noted that the present invention only establishes the section on the common weir of three kinds of canonical forms, only
The preferred embodiment of the present invention for the section by establishing other standards form, and uses thinking provided by the present invention
Solve the problems, such as it is identical, should be within the scope of the present invention；
1. rectangular weir
AR1=Bw1hco=Bw1kH0=Bw1k(H-b)
(1.5)
A in formulaR1For rectangle weir crest necked-down section discharge area, Bw1For rectangular weir clear span, H is water level before weir, and b is weir crest
Elevation.
2. parabolic weir
A in formulaP1For parabola shaped weir crest necked-down section discharge area, C1For parabolic shape coefficient, meet y=C1x2, band
Enter coordinateHaveWherein HP1For bankfull stage, BP1It is wide for the weir under bankfull stage；H is water level before weir, b
For elevation of weir crest.
3. triangle weir
AT1=hco 2tan(v1/ 2)=k2(H-b)2tan(v1/2) (1.7)
A in formulaT1For triangle weir crest necked-down section discharge area, v1For triangle weir angle, H is water level before weir, and b is weir
Crest level.
(2) riverbed controls
When calculating the discharge of river with Manning formula, discharge section area A and hydraulic radius R has with section configuration in formula
It closes, only establishes rectangle, parabola shaped, the common river cross-section area of Atria kind canonical form and hydraulic radius here about flat
The expression formula of the equal depth of water:
1. rectangle river cross-section
AR2=Bw2(H-b)
χR=Bw2+2(H-b)
RR=AR2/χR (1.8)
In formula, AR2For rectangle river discharge section area；Bw2For rectangle river cross-section width；H is river water level, b zero
Flowing water position；χRFor rectangle river wetted perimeter；RRRectangle river hydraulic radius.When river is wide shallow, hydraulic radius is approximately equal to average water
It is deep, i.e. RR≈H-b。
1. parabola shaped river cross-section
RP=AP2/χP (1.9)
In formula, AP2For parabola shaped river discharge section area；C2For parabolic shape coefficient, hereIts
Middle HP2For bankfull stage, BP2For river width under bankfull stage；H is river water level, BHRiver width when for water level being H, b is zero stream
Water level；χpFor parabola shaped river wetted perimeter；RpFor parabola shaped river hydraulic radius, B is eliminatedHAfterwards,When
When river is wide shallow, i.e.,Have
3. triangle river cross-section
AT2=(H-b)2tan(v2/2)
RT=AT2/χT (1.10)
In formula, AT2For triangle river discharge section area；v2For triangle river angle；H is river water level, b zero
Flowing water position；RTFor triangle river hydraulic radius, χTFor the linear river wetted perimeter of triangle.
Step S14: it is determined based on the stage discharge relation formula of river survey station control analysis
It is analyzed based on survey station hydraulics attributive analysis and geometric attribute, establishes natural river course discharge site control of section and river
It is as follows about the expression formula difference of water level H that slot controls down-off Q:
(1) control of section
According to survey station hydraulics attributive analysis, since approach velocity head magnitude is smaller, in the case where being ignored,
Total head H on weir0Pressure head H-b on weir can be approximately equal to.Therefore formula 1.2 can be expressed as:
1. rectangular cross section weir flow controls
Formula 1.5 is substituted into formula 1.11, cross-sectional area A is eliminatedR1It can obtain:
C in formulaRFor rectangular cross section discharge coefficient of weir flow,
2. parabolic-shaped section weir flow controls
Formula 1.6 is substituted into formula 1.11, cross-sectional area A is eliminatedP1It can obtain:
C in formulaPFor parabolic-shaped section discharge coefficient of weir flow,
3. triangular section weir flow controls
Formula 1.7 is substituted into formula 1.11, cross-sectional area A is eliminatedT1It can obtain:
C in formulaTFor triangular section discharge coefficient of weir flow,
4. circular cross section orifice outflow controls
Similarly, ignore orifice outflow approach velocity head, by total head H before the aperture in formula 1.30With pressure water before aperture
Head H-b replacement can obtain:
C in formulaOFor orifice outflow discharge coefficient, CO=φ.
(2) riverbed controls
1. rectangle river riverbed controls
By A in formula 1.8R2Expression formula substitute into formula 1.4, eliminate discharge section area A, consider wide shallow river situation, then
By hydraulic radius RRApproximate representation is mean depth H-b, be can be obtained:
2. parabola shaped river riverbed control
By A in formula 1.9P2Expression formula substitute into formula 1.4, eliminate discharge section area A, consider to meet wide shallow river judgement
Condition, then by hydraulic radius formulaIt brings into formula 1.4, can be obtained:
3. triangle river riverbed controls
By A in formula 1.10T2And RTExpression formula bring into formula 1.4, eliminate discharge section area A and hydraulic radius R
It obtains:
Above-mentioned steps are based on river survey station control analytical derivation and have gone out different survey station Control Coolings and different section geometric form
Expression formula of totally 7 kinds of flow Q about water level H under shape, meets natural river course stage discharge relation model Q=a (H-b)cPower
Functional form, the expression formula of coefficient a is different in varied situations, and the value of index c is also different.
Step 2: according to river actual conditions, control stage when to composite river fluctuation of water table is identified and is combined,
Multiple standard geometric figures are divided by composite river is equivalent.
The foundation of above-mentioned steps median discharge relational model is bent for the stage discharge relation of currently used single line
Line can be applied directly, but for survey station control condition is with the changed composite river of fluctuation of water table, and only one
Actual stage discharge relation can not be depicted in stage discharge relation model, and different water levels corresponds to different survey station control strips
Part, therefore should also correspond to different stage discharge relation models, on this basis, step 2 of the present invention is by similar composite river
Divided, so as to foundation relational expression model closer to reality.
Further, step 2 specifically includes the following steps:
Step S21: waterpower controls stage identification
In order to divide composite river according to the variation of its survey station control condition in the present invention, need to control waterpower
Stage identified, this identification is usually since low water level and gradually to expand to high water level.The stage is controlled carrying out waterpower
In order to confirm whether the water level section is the survey station control stage when identification, need to imagine the water level section pair in fluctuation of water table
The influence of stage discharge relation, for example, water level occur significant changes when, the water level section inland river bed whether wash away or
Whether siltation, section are widened or are reduced, and whether the roughness in riverbed changes.If the change of water level in the water level section
Change is influenced by variation assumed above, then the water level section is identified as a waterpower control stage or at least a certain stage
A part.
Step S22: equivalent geometry divides
Due to composite river can not often be analyzed such as step 1 Plays geometric attribute like that it is regular, identifying
It after multiple waterpower control stages, ensures that and fully takes into account each control condition, the present invention will in composite river
The different waterpower control stage identified when water level increases from low to high carries out the analysis of standard geometric attribute, with simple standard
Geometric figure combines so as to the geometry of the optimal complexity for indicating practical river, i.e., by multiple waterpower control condition institutes group
At composite river described with the mode for dividing equivalent geometry.
Step S23: river composition form determines
The equivalent geometry that different waterpower control stage when increasing from low to high by composite river water level is marked off has
Different combinations, the present invention determine the composition form of composite river according to field measurement situation and transverse shape, can
It is divided into two kinds of superposition and succession.
(1) be superimposed: composite river is controlled in low water level by certain waterpower control condition, as water level rising occurs
Other waterpower control condition, the two are not interfere with each other, while being controlled entire river, such as rectangle river reaches certain water level
Waterpower control condition increases therewith and acts on simultaneously when the floodplain occurred afterwards, i.e. water level increase, the combining form being as superimposed.
(2) inherit: composite river is controlled in low water level by certain waterpower control condition, as water level rising occurs
The waterpower control condition of other waterpower control condition and script loses its control effect, and entire river is completely by emerging water
Power control condition is controlled, such as the natural weir of low water level is submerged after reaching certain water level, and river becomes river from control of section
Slot control, i.e., waterpower control condition is replaced therewith when water level increases, the combining form as inherited.
Step 3: the multi-phase containment marked off based on composite river is established corresponding control matrix and solves joint side
Journey.
By step 2 can by composite river according to its fluctuation of water table when waterpower control condition corresponding to the control of different survey stations
It is described to be combined, this Description standard is established to the composite river different phase using the form of control matrix
Joint equation and solve the rating curve in the river.
Further, step 3 specifically includes the following steps:
Step S31: the expression of matrix is controlled
Different features is more intuitive to show the present invention in order to control survey station in composite river different phase, adopts
It is described with the method for control matrix, using the result marked off in step 2 as foundation, establishes relevant control matrix, wherein
The row for controlling matrix indicates the different stages, and the waterpower control condition number quantity and form of as influence stage discharge relation are constant
Stage, column indicate different survey station control.
Since some water level, when a new waterpower control condition occurs and starts effect, then the previous stage is tied
Beam, new stage start.Stage is indicated with Control Cooling with incremental number, and the stage 1 is all corresponding with Control Cooling 1
Original state.In wherein each row, cell is that the 1 expression waterpower control condition is to influence the control of the stage stage discharge relation
Part indicates that the waterpower control condition is ineffective for 0.
For controlling matrix, in every row stage by stage, cell indicates that corresponding waterpower control condition influences the rank
The stage discharge relation of section, and in same a line/stage, it may appear that the case where multiple waterpower control conditions influence simultaneously.Meanwhile
When a certain waterpower control condition is lose effect after in certain stage, it will not play control again in the stage later and make
With, such as the natural weir being submerged is still within floodage in the higher situation of water level.Controlling matrix can specific table
The component relationship for revealing composite river different phase is superposition or inherits that formula (3.1) is a certain control matrix example.
In formula, M (r, j) is control matrix；segment(1；4) the different controls marked off when being incremented by from low to high for water level
Stage processed；control(1；4) the different survey station Control Coolings marked off when being incremented by from low to high for water level.
Step S32: combine the foundation of equation
The joint equation of different phase stage discharge relation of the present invention is established according to control matrix, obtains corresponding expression
Formula:
In formula, M (r, j) is control matrix；If section [Kr-1；Kr] it include H, thenRepresentative function is equal to
1, it is otherwise 0.
Parameter b in order to guarantee the continuity of rating curve that thus equation obtains, in formula 3.1jActually
It is that available other parameters are indicated in each conversion stage, and obtain corresponding expression formula by solving continuity equation:
b1=K0 (3.3)
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect is:
1. clearly the physical mechanism based on river establishes stage discharge relation model, hydraulic analysis based on survey station control with
The power function model that geometrical analysis is established has fully considered water flow movement rule, Model Parameter explicit physical meaning, line
Property selection gist is abundant；
2. entire natural river course is usually generally changed a certain geometric figure by conventional method, and does not meet practical river complicated and changeable
Road situation, present invention introduces the concepts of stage control, and waterpower when by complicated composite river according to its fluctuation of water table controls
Condition is divided into the combination that several segments carry out equivalent geometry, it is made to be more in line with reality；
3. conventional method is the fitting of single line, fitting effect and natural river course actual water level discharge relation section difference compared with
Greatly, present invention introduces control matrixes influences one or more waterpower control conditions of stage discharge relation to describe different phase,
And by its according to divided stages be different joint equations, embodied the non-linear relation of composite river, the water finally obtained
Bit traffic curve can better describe the actual conditions of composite river.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the method for the present invention.
Fig. 2 is survey station control schematic diagram of the present invention, wherein (a) is control of section, (b) is controlled for riverbed.
Fig. 3 is control of section schematic diagram of the present invention, wherein (a) is the control of rectangular cross section weir flow, it (b) is parabolic-shaped section
Weir flow control, (c) controls for triangular section weir flow, (d) is orifice outflow control of section.
Fig. 4 is riverbed control schematic diagram of the present invention, wherein (a) is the control of rectangle river riverbed, it (b) is parabola shaped river
Riverbed control, (c) triangle river riverbed controls.
Fig. 5 is that composite river of the present invention controls stage combination schematic diagram more, wherein (a) is the control of standard rectangular river riverbed
It is (b) control of standard rectangular section weir flow and standard rectangular river with the stack combinations form of standard rectangular floodplain riverbed control
The succession combining form of road riverbed control.
Fig. 6 is composite river of the present invention control matrix schematic diagram, wherein dark-grey cell indicates should in every row stage by stage
Waterpower control condition is the control for influencing the stage stage discharge relation, and light gray indicates that the waterpower control condition is ineffective.
Fig. 7 is present example flow measurement schematic cross-sectional view, wherein (a) is equivalent geometric representation, it is (b) control matrix
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is present example composite river multistage stage discharge relation illustraton of model.
Specific embodiment
Attached drawing only for illustration, is not considered as limiting the invention；In order to better illustrate this embodiment, attached
Scheme certain components to have omission, zoom in or out, does not represent the size of actual product；To those skilled in the art,
The omitting of some known structures and their instructions in the attached drawings are understandable.Being given for example only property of positional relationship is described in attached drawing
Illustrate, is not considered as limiting the invention.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Fig. 1 to 7, it is a kind of based on river survey station control analysis multistage stage discharge relation determine method, including
Following steps:
Step 1: stage discharge relation model foundation.Using some hydrology website as research object, its survey station phase is collected first
The data such as the hydrologic survey report of pass, understand the basic condition at the station, and it can be found that the station measuring point exists from field observation figure
Near arch bridge, there are a large amount of stones for riverbed bottom, it is known that very low water level when due to natural stone be formed by stone beam generation face
Boundary's stream, water surface curve decline is fast when gap bridge bedstone beam, therefore survey station Control Cooling can recognize as control of section in very low water level,
Stage discharge relation model can take formula (1.2) to determine after hydraulics attributive analysis.And it is located at the main stem warp under bridge
Observation discovery river is straight, its survey station Control Cooling can be identified as riverbed control, stage discharge relation mould by no bayonet bend etc.
Type is determined by the Manning formula of formula (1.4).
Step 2: the control stage identifies and combines.It is carried out first by survey station field observation figure and test river channel cross section figure
The identification of waterpower control condition finds that the survey station is mainly controlled by natural alluvium, due to riverbed bottom when the initial stage
Stone and stone beam exist, be control of section, and when water level exceeds stone beam, river cross-section becomes smooth, and water flow is by critical flow
Become uniform flow, shows that water level front and back is two different control stages.In addition to this, among main stem two sides some
Blocked by the shoal of vegetative coverage, when water level increases to shoal, river width is obviously increased and roughness changes, therefore
The control stage also changes before and after the water level, it can thus be concluded that the survey station measuring section control stage can be divided into three parts.Know
After the not complete control stage, it is marked off into equivalent geometry by geometric attribute analysis and is combined on flow measurement cross-sectional view, by
The measuring section is controlled in very low water level for rectangular weir flow section known to (a) in Fig. 7, and stage discharge relation is by formula
(1.12) it determines, is submerged as water level increases natural weir, no longer plays its waterpower control effect, therefore inheriting is standard square
The control of shape riverbed, stage discharge relation are determined by formula (1.16), and are worked as water level and persistently increased until covering nearly riverbank both sides
Shoal when, had more a piece of floodplain other than intermediate main stem, two waterpower control conditions are superimposed, and are superimposed
It is controlled as another standard rectangular riverbed.
Step 3: the joint equation solution based on control matrix.Pass through the equivalent geometry for identifying Yu being combined into step 2
Cross-sectional view can establish corresponding control matrix, as shown in (b) in Fig. 7, and convert thereof into form, as follows
Table 1:
Table 1 controls matrix form
| Control | Nature | Type |
| 1 | Riffle | Rectangular weir |
| 2 | Low flow channel | Channel |
| 3 | Flow over the bar | Channel |
In order to obtain corresponding joint equation according to control matrix, the stage discharge relation mould to the different control stages is needed
Parameter in type is determined, and is controlled first against the rectangular weir flow section in the first stage, can obtain natural weir according to observation
Width Bw1=8m (± 1.5m), and by default, the discharge coefficient of rectangular weir is 0.4, and uncertainty is 0.1 therefore this example
Middle CR=0.4 (± 0.1)；For the standard rectangular riverbed control of second stage, calculate for convenience, it willUse KSIt indicates, i.e.,Water surface gradient i is approximately equal to river bed gradient, i.e. i ≈ S in this example, can obtain the riverbed control interval river according to observation
Width Bw2=9m (± 1m), and river main stem is straight clear, roughness is relatively low, KS1=25 (± 5), and surveyed using landform
The method of amount has estimated the gradient in average river, obtains river bed gradient S=0.001 (± 0.001)；The standard rectangular of phase III
Riverbed controls operation calculation method and second stage is almost the same, riverbed control interval river width Bw3=25m (± 2m), and
The part shoal roughness second stage main stem that compares is larger, therefore KS2=30 (± 5), river bed gradient and second stage phase
Together, i.e. (± 0.001) S=0.001.The initial point b=0.95m (± 0.05m) of the composite river first stage, first and second
The separation in stage be b=1.3m (± 0.2m), second and the phase III separation be b=2.6m (± 0.3m).
The relevant joint equation in the composite river can be obtained based on above-mentioned parameter and sets up stage discharge relation model
Figure, as shown in figure 8, the illustraton of model illustrates the nominal curve figure in the case of different level roughness, it is possible to find its is segmented characterizing bright
It is aobvious, it avoids single line and the shortcomings that significant section difference occurs, can preferably meet the actual water level stream of natural composite river
Magnitude relation situation.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention be only to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and not be pair
The restriction of embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the art, may be used also on the basis of the above description
To make other variations or changes in different ways.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.It is all this
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should be included in the claims in the present invention within the spirit and principle of invention
Protection scope within.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of multistage stage discharge relation based on the control analysis of river survey station determines method, which is characterized in that including following
Step:
S1. stage-discharge mould is established by analyzing the hydraulics attribute and geometric attribute of discharge site based on water flow movement rule
Type；
Firstly, mean velocity in section and cross-sectional area are indicated with water level respectively, flow is obtained about the general of water level expression formula
Form:
Q=a (H-b)c (1.1)
Q is flow in formula, and H is water level, and a is coefficient, and c is index, and b is zero flowing water position；
Then, specific stage discharge relation formula is further derived according to survey station Control Cooling and section configuration；Including survey station control
Identification, the analysis of survey station hydraulics attributive analysis, survey station aggregate attribute are made, the stage-discharge based on the control analysis of river survey station is closed
It is that formula is determined；
S2. according to river actual conditions, control stage when to composite river fluctuation of water table is identified and is combined, by compound river
Road is equivalent to be divided into multiple standard geometric figures；
S3. the multi-phase containment marked off based on composite river is established corresponding control matrix and solves joint equation.
2. the multistage stage discharge relation according to claim 1 based on the control analysis of river survey station determines method, special
Sign is that the survey station control identification in the S1 step includes that control of section and riverbed control；The survey station mechanical attribute
Analysis carries out mechanical attribute analysis by control of section and riverbed control, establishes water and flows through flow equation；
The hydraulic formula of control of section weir flow or orifice outflow determines section flow, thus establishes control of section
Stage discharge relation；
For weir flow: the sharp-crested weir in weir flow has stable head and discharge relation, sharp-crested weir flow rate calculation formula are as follows:
Q was weir flow amount in formula；AWFor weir crest necked-down section discharge area；It is average for weir crest necked-down section
Flow velocity, whereinFor efflux coefficient, k is to change related coefficient with weir import form and the cross-section of river, there is k=hco/H0, hcoFor
The necked-down section depth of water on weir；G is acceleration of gravity；H0For total head before weir；
Its flow rate calculation formula is flowed out for aperture are as follows:
Q is discharge through orifice in formula；AOFor aperture cross-sectional area；For orifice outflow after-contraction mean velocity in section,
Middle φ is efflux coefficient；G is acceleration of gravity；H0For total head before aperture；
The riverbed control determines section flow with Manning formula, thus establishes the stage discharge relation of riverbed control；Measurement
Section is open channel uniform flow, uses Chezy formulaIt determines cross-section of river mean flow rate, thanks to ability coefficient C Manning formulaIt calculates, it can thus be concluded that flow:
Q is measurement average section of river flow in formula；A is discharge section area；N is Manning roughness coefficient；R is hydraulic radius；I is river
Base slope drop；Hydraulic radius is calculated by formula R=A/ χ, and wherein χ is wetted perimeter.
3. the multistage stage discharge relation according to claim 2 based on the control analysis of river survey station determines method, special
Sign is that the analysis of survey station geometric attribute selects common section to establish respectively to control of section and riverbed control in the S1 step
The standard type expression formula of discharge section area and hydraulic radius；
For control of section: total head is equal to the sum of pressure head and approach velocity head before weir, approach velocity head amount before weir
Grade is smaller, can be neglected, the upper total head H of Gu Yan0Pressure head H-b on weir can be approximately equal to；Weir crest necked-down section area with
Section configuration is related, establishes rectangle, parabola shaped, 3 kinds of common weirs of canonical form of triangle cross-sectional area about pressure head
Expression formula:
The water level expression formula of rectangular weir are as follows:
AR1=Bw1hco=Bw1kH0=Bw1k(H-b) (1.5)
A in formulaR1For rectangle weir crest necked-down section discharge area, Bw1For rectangular weir clear span, H is water level before weir, and b is elevation of weir crest；
The water level expression formula of parabolic weir are as follows:
A in formulaP1For parabola shaped weir crest necked-down section discharge area, C1For parabolic shape coefficient, meet y=C1x2, bring seat into
MarkHaveWherein HP1For bankfull stage, BP1It is wide for the weir under bankfull stage；H is water level before weir, and b is weir
Crest level；
The water level expression formula on triangle weir are as follows:
AT1=hco 2tan(v1/ 2)=k2(H-b)2tan(v1/2) (1.7)
A in formulaT1For triangle weir crest necked-down section discharge area, v1For triangle weir angle, H is water level before weir, and b is that weir crest is high
Journey；
Riverbed is controlled, when calculating the discharge of river with Manning formula, in formula discharge section area A and hydraulic radius R with it is disconnected
Face shape is related, establish rectangle, parabola shaped, the common river cross-section area of 3 kinds of canonical forms of triangle and hydraulic radius about
The expression formula of mean depth；
The expression formula of rectangle river cross-section mean depth are as follows:
AR2=Bw2(H-b)
χR=Bw2+2(H-b)
RR=AR2/χR (1.8)
In formula, AR2For rectangle river discharge section area；Bw2For rectangle river cross-section width；H is river water level, and b is zero flowing water
Position；χRFor rectangle river wetted perimeter；RRRectangle river hydraulic radius；When river is wide shallow, hydraulic radius is approximately equal to mean depth,
That is RR≈H-b；
The expression formula of parabola shaped river cross-section mean depth are as follows:
RP=AP2/χR (1.9)
In formula, AP2For parabola shaped river discharge section area；C2For parabolic shape coefficient, hereWherein Hp2
For bankfull stage, BP2For river width under bankfull stage；H is river water level, BHRiver width when for water level being H, b is zero flowing water
Position；χpFor parabola shaped river wetted perimeter；RpFor parabola shaped river hydraulic radius, B is eliminatedHAfterwards,Work as river
When road width is shallow, i.e.,Have
The expression formula of triangle river cross-section mean depth are as follows:
AT2=(H-b)2tan(v2/2)
RT=AT2/χT (1.10)
In formula, AT2For triangle river discharge section area；v2For triangle river angle；H is river water level, and b is zero flowing water
Position；RTFor triangle river hydraulic radius, χTFor the linear river wetted perimeter of triangle.
4. the multistage stage discharge relation according to claim 3 based on the control analysis of river survey station determines method, special
Sign is, the stage discharge relation formula in the S1 step based on the control analysis of river survey station determines, based on control of section and
Riverbed control down-off Q is specifically included about the expression formula of water level H:
For control of section: being ignored according to survey station hydraulics attributive analysis since approach velocity head magnitude is smaller
In the case where, total head H on weir0Pressure head H-b on weir can be approximately equal to；Therefore formula (1.2) can be expressed as:
Wherein, rectangular cross section weir flow is controlled, formula (1.5) is substituted into formula (1.11), eliminate cross-sectional area AR1It can obtain:
C in formulaRFor rectangular cross section discharge coefficient of weir flow,
Parabolic-shaped section weir flow is controlled, formula (1.6) are substituted into formula (1.11), eliminates cross-sectional area AP1It can obtain:
C in formulaPFor parabolic-shaped section discharge coefficient of weir flow,
Triangular section weir flow is controlled, formula (1.7) are substituted into formula (1.11), eliminates cross-sectional area AT1It can obtain:
C in formulaTFor triangular section discharge coefficient of weir flow,
Circular cross section orifice outflow is controlled, ignores orifice outflow approach velocity head, by Quan Shui before the aperture in formula (1.3)
Head H0It replaces to obtain with pressure head H-b before aperture:
C in formulaOFor orifice outflow discharge coefficient, CO=φ；
Rectangle river riverbed is controlled, by A in formula (1.8)R2Expression formula substitute into formula (1.4) in, eliminate discharge section area
A, considers wide shallow river situation, then by hydraulic radius RRApproximate representation is mean depth H-b, be can be obtained:
Parabola shaped river riverbed is controlled: by A in formula (1.9)P2Expression formula substitute into formula (1.4) in, eliminate the cross-section of river
Area A, considers to meet wide shallow river Rule of judgment, then by hydraulic radius formulaIt brings into formula 1.4
It obtains:
Triangle river riverbed is controlled: by A in formula (1.10)T2And RTExpression formula bring into formula (1.4), it is disconnected to eliminate water
Face area A and hydraulic radius R, can be obtained:
5. the multistage stage discharge relation according to claim 4 based on the control analysis of river survey station determines method, special
Sign is that the S2 step specifically includes:
S21. the waterpower control stage is identified；
S22. equivalent geometry division is carried out to the composite river as composed by multiple waterpower control conditions；I.e. for composite river,
After identifying multiple waterpower control stages, the different waterpower that are identified when increasing water level from low to high in composite river
The analysis of control stage income standard geometric attribute, is divided into multiple simple standard geometrical shapes for composite river；
The equivalent geometry that different waterpower control stage when S23. increasing from low to high by composite river water level is marked off has
The case where different combination, waterpower control condition increases therewith and acts on simultaneously when increasing for water level, with the group of superposition
Conjunction form；Waterpower control condition is therewith there is a situation where replacing when increasing for water level, with the combining form of succession.
6. the multistage stage discharge relation according to claim 5 based on the control analysis of river survey station determines method, special
Sign is that the S3 step includes:
S31. different features is more intuitive to show in order to control survey station in composite river different phase, using control
The method of matrix is described, and using the result marked off in step S2 as foundation, relevant control matrix is established, wherein controlling square
The row of battle array indicates the different stages, as influences the waterpower control condition number quantity and form of the stage discharge relation constant stage,
Column indicate different survey station control；
Since some water level, when a new waterpower control condition occurs and starts effect, then the previous stage terminates, newly
Stage start；Stage is indicated with Control Cooling with incremental number, and the stage 1 is all corresponding initial with Control Cooling 1
State；In wherein each row, it is 0 that cell, which is that the 1 expression waterpower control condition is the control for influencing the stage stage discharge relation,
Indicate that the waterpower control condition is ineffective；
S32. the joint equation of different phase stage discharge relation, expression formula are established according to control matrix are as follows:
In formula, M (r, j) is control matrix；If section [Kr-1；Kr] it include H, thenRepresentative function is no equal to 1
It is then 0；
S33. the parameter b in order to guarantee the continuity of rating curve that thus equation obtains, in formula (3.2)jActually
It is that available other parameters are indicated in each conversion stage, and obtain corresponding expression formula by solving continuity equation:
b1=K0 (3.3)
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