CN110285592B - Solar system for intelligently controlling opening degree of valve - Google Patents
Solar system for intelligently controlling opening degree of valve Download PDFInfo
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- CN110285592B CN110285592B CN201810877597.6A CN201810877597A CN110285592B CN 110285592 B CN110285592 B CN 110285592B CN 201810877597 A CN201810877597 A CN 201810877597A CN 110285592 B CN110285592 B CN 110285592B
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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Abstract
The invention provides an intelligent control solar system, which comprises a water heater and a heat reservoir, wherein the system comprises a main pipe valve, the main pipe valve is arranged on a main pipeline at the upstream of the water heater and the heat reservoir, and the system also comprises a central controller, and the central controller is in communication data connection with the heat reservoir valve and the water heater valve; the third temperature sensor is arranged at the position of a hot fluid inlet of the water heater and is used for measuring the temperature of the hot fluid entering the water heater; the third temperature sensor is in data connection with the central controller, and the central controller automatically controls the valve opening degrees of the water heater valve and the heat reservoir valve according to the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor. Through the operation, when the temperature of the hot fluid is high, after the requirement of the heated water is met, the redundant heat can be stored through the heat storage device, when the temperature of the hot fluid is low, more hot fluid can enter the water heater to be used for heating water, the requirement of the heated water is ensured, and meanwhile, energy is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an improvement on the prior application, in particular to a method and a system for utilizing solar energy, which are part of project co-developed with universities.
Background
With the rapid development of modern socioeconomic, the demand of human beings on energy is increasing. However, the continuous decrease and shortage of traditional energy reserves such as coal, oil, natural gas and the like causes the continuous increase of price, and the environmental pollution problem caused by the conventional fossil fuel is more serious, which greatly limits the development of society and the improvement of the life quality of human beings. Solar heat conversion is a solar energy utilization mode which has high energy conversion efficiency and utilization rate, low cost and can be widely popularized in the whole society. In solar thermal energy utilization devices, it is critical to convert solar radiant energy into thermal energy, and the devices that accomplish this conversion are known as solar collectors.
The heat pipe technology is a heat transfer element called a heat pipe invented by George Grover (George Grover) of national laboratory of Los Alamos (Los Alamos) in 1963, fully utilizes the heat conduction principle and the rapid heat transfer property of a phase change medium, quickly transfers the heat of a heating object to the outside of a heat source through the heat pipe, and the heat conduction capability of the heat transfer element exceeds the heat conduction capability of any known metal. Compared with the most commonly used shell-and-tube heat exchanger in coal-fired thermal fluid solar energy recovery, the heat pipe heat exchanger has the advantages of high heat transfer efficiency, compact structure, small pressure loss, benefit for controlling dew point corrosion and the like, and has more potential in coal-fired thermal fluid solar energy recovery.
The heat exchange fluid of the heat pipe in heat exchange is a steam-water mixture. The heat pipe is in the evaporation process, and inevitable can carry liquid to the steam end in, simultaneously because the condensation that releases heat of condensation end to there is liquid in making the condensation end, liquid inevitable mixes with steam, thereby makes the fluid in the heat pipe be vapour-liquid mixture, and vapour-liquid mixture exists and leads to the vapour to mix into a group, and the heat transfer ability descends between with the liquid, great influence the efficiency of heat transfer.
In the solar energy utilization system of the prior art, a lack of research on intelligent control is particularly concerned with intelligent control, for example, setting heat distribution and the like, in the case where a plurality of solar energy utilization devices exist simultaneously.
Aiming at the problems, the invention is improved on the basis of the prior invention, and provides a solar energy utilization device with a novel intelligent control structure, which makes full use of a heat source, reduces energy consumption and realizes intelligent control.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention is improved on the basis of the invention, and provides a solar energy utilization device with a new structure so as to realize the full utilization of solar energy and intelligent control thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a solar energy system comprises a water heater and a heat reservoir, wherein the water heater is arranged on a water heater pipeline, the heat reservoir is arranged on a heat reservoir pipeline, the water heater pipeline and the heat reservoir pipeline form a parallel pipeline, the heat collector is communicated with the water heater to form a circulation loop, the heat collector is communicated with the heat reservoir to form a circulation loop, hot fluid in a main pipeline respectively enters the water heater pipeline and the heat reservoir of the heat reservoir pipeline, water is heated in the water heater, heat is stored in the heat reservoir, and the fluid after heat exchange in the water heater and the heat reservoir enters the heat collector through a water return pipeline to be heated;
the system comprises a water heater pipeline, a heat storage device pipeline, a central controller and a control unit, wherein the water heater valve is arranged at the position of an inlet of a water heater of the water heater pipeline and used for controlling the flow of hot fluid entering the water heater, the heat storage device valve is arranged at the position of an inlet pipe of a heat storage device of the heat storage device pipeline and used for controlling the flow of the hot fluid entering the heat storage device, and the central controller is in communication data connection with the heat storage device valve and the water heater valve; the third temperature sensor is arranged at the position of a hot fluid inlet of the water heater and is used for measuring the temperature of the hot fluid entering the water heater; the third temperature sensor is in data connection with the central controller, and the central controller automatically controls the valve opening degrees of the water heater valve and the heat reservoir valve according to the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor.
Preferably, when the temperature measured by the third temperature sensor is lower than a certain temperature, the central controller controls the valve to increase the opening degree and controls the valve to decrease the opening degree; when the temperature measured by the third temperature sensor is higher than a certain temperature, the central controller controls the valve to reduce the opening degree and controls the valve to increase the opening degree.
Preferably, the heat collector comprises a heat collecting tube and a water tank, the heat collecting tube comprises an evaporation end and a condensation end, the condensation end is arranged in the water tank, the evaporation end absorbs solar energy, heat is transferred to water in the water tank through the condensation end, a stabilizing device is arranged in the heat collecting tube, the stabilizing device is of a sheet structure, and the sheet structure is arranged on the cross section of the heat collecting tube; the stabilizing device is composed of a square through hole and a regular octagonal through hole, the side length of the square through hole is equal to that of the regular octagonal through hole, four sides of the square through hole are respectively sides of four different regular octagonal through holes, and four mutually spaced sides of the regular octagonal through hole are respectively sides of four different square through holes.
Preferably, the cross section of the heat collecting pipe is square.
Preferably, the distance between adjacent stabilizing devices is M1, the side length of each square through hole is B1, the heat collecting tube is a square section, the side length of each square section of the heat collecting tube is B2, and an acute angle formed by the heat collecting tube and a horizontal plane is A, so that the following requirements are met:
c*M1/B2=a*Ln(B1/B2) +b
wherein a, b are parameters, wherein 1.725<a<1.733,4.99<b<5.01；c=1/cos (A)mWherein 0.085<m<0.095, preferably m = 0.090.
11<B2<46mm；
1．9<B1<3.2mm；
18<M1<27mm。
20°<A<60°。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) through the operation, when the temperature of the hot fluid is high, after the requirement of the heated water is met, the redundant heat can be stored through the heat storage device, when the temperature of the hot fluid is low, more hot fluid can enter the water heater to be used for heating water, the requirement of the heated water is ensured, and meanwhile, energy is saved.
2) The invention provides a novel solar water heater with a novel structure and a novel structure combining a square through hole and a regular octagon through hole, wherein the included angles formed by the edges of the formed square hole and the regular octagon hole are more than or equal to 90 degrees through the square and the regular octagon, so that fluid can fully flow through each position of each hole, and the short circuit of fluid flowing is avoided or reduced. The invention separates the two-phase fluid into liquid phase and gas phase by the stabilizing device with a novel structure, divides the liquid phase into small liquid groups, divides the gas phase into small bubbles, inhibits the backflow of the liquid phase, promotes the smooth flow of the gas phase, plays a role in stabilizing the flow and improves the heat exchange effect. Compared with the stabilizing device in the prior art, the stabilizing device further improves the flow stabilizing effect, strengthens heat transfer and is simple to manufacture.
3) According to the invention, through reasonable layout, the square and regular octagonal through holes are uniformly distributed, so that the fluid on the whole cross street is uniformly divided, and the problem of nonuniform division of the annular structure along the circumferential direction in the prior art is avoided.
4) The invention ensures that the large holes and the small holes are uniformly distributed on the whole cross section by uniformly distributing the square holes and the regular octagonal holes at intervals, and ensures that the separation effect is better by changing the positions of the large holes and the small holes of the adjacent stabilizing devices.
5) According to the invention, the stabilizing device is of a sheet structure, so that the stabilizing device is simple in structure and low in cost.
6) According to the invention, the optimal relation size of the parameters is researched by setting the regular changes of the parameters such as the distance between adjacent stabilizing devices, the side length of the hole of the stabilizing device, the pipe diameter of the heat absorbing pipe, the pipe spacing and the like in the height direction of the heat absorbing pipe, so that the current stabilizing effect is further achieved, the noise is reduced, and the heat exchange effect is improved.
8) The invention realizes the optimal relational expression of the heat exchange effect under the condition of meeting the flow resistance by widely researching the heat exchange rule caused by the change of each parameter of the stabilizing device.
9) The solar heat collector with the novel structure is provided, and the uniform pressure, the uniform distribution of fluid flow and the uniform distribution of fluid motion resistance in each heat collecting pipe are ensured by arranging the flow equalizing pipe between the heat collecting pipes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a solar water heater system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of the solar water heater according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of the solar water heater of fig. 2.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a stabilization device according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another cross-sectional configuration of the stabilization device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the stabilizing device of the present invention within a heat collecting tube;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the arrangement of the stabilizing device of the present invention within a heat collecting tube;
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heat collecting tube of the present invention with a flow equalizing tube.
In the figure: 1 water heater, 2 heat reservoirs, 3 central controller, 4 stabilizing devices, 5 water heater valves, 6 main pipe valves, 7 heat collectors, 8 main pipes, 9 water return pipes, 10 heat reservoir valves, 11 heat collecting pipes, 12 water tanks, 13 transparent glass plates, 14 heat insulating layers, 15 inlet pipes, 16 outlet pipes, 17 heat insulating layers, 41 square through holes, 42 regular octagon through holes, 43 sides, 18 uniform flow pipes, 19 water heater pipes, 20 heat reservoir pipes, 21 bypass pipes 21, 22 bypass valves, 23 temperature sensors and 24 fluid sensors.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
In this document, "/" denotes division and "×", "denotes multiplication, referring to formulas, if not specifically stated.
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
The utility model provides a solar collector system, as shown in figure 1, the system includes heat collector 7, water heater 1 and heat accumulator 2, water heater 1 sets up on water heater pipeline 19, heat reservoir 2 sets up on heat reservoir pipeline 20, water heater pipeline 19 and heat reservoir pipeline 20 form the parallel pipeline. The heat collector 7 is communicated with the water heater 1 to form a circulation loop, the heat collector 7 is communicated with the heat reservoir 2 to form a circulation loop, hot fluid in the main pipeline 8 respectively enters the water heater 1 and the heat reservoir 2 of the water heater pipeline 19 and the heat reservoir pipeline 20, water is heated in the water heater 1, heat is stored in the heat reservoir 2, and the fluid after heat exchange in the water heater 1 and the heat reservoir 2 enters the heat collector 7 through the water return pipeline 9 to exchange heat.
In the system, hot water is generated by solar heating, and meanwhile, heat can be stored by the heat storage device.
As shown in fig. 1, the system includes heat reservoir valve 10, water heater valve 5 and main pipe valve 6, main pipe valve 6 sets up on water heater 1 and the main pipe 8 of heat reservoir 2 upper reaches, be used for controlling the total hot fluid flow who gets into water heater 1 and heat reservoir 2, water heater valve 5 sets up the position at the entry of water heater 1 of water heater pipeline 19, be used for controlling the flow of the hot fluid that gets into water heater 1, heat reservoir valve 10 sets up the position at the inlet tube of heat reservoir 2 of heat reservoir pipeline 20, be used for controlling the flow of the hot fluid that gets into heat reservoir 2, the system still includes central controller, central controller carries out communication data connection with heat reservoir valve 10, water heater valve 5 and main pipe valve 6. The central controller controls the opening and closing of the heat reservoir valve 10, the water heater valve 5 and the header valve 6 and the opening degree, so as to control the amount of hot fluid entering the water heater 1 and the heat reservoir 2.
The hot fluid is preferably hot water.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the system is further provided with a bypass pipe 21 connected in parallel with the water heater pipe, the connection position of the bypass pipe 21 and the header pipe 8 is positioned at the upstream of the header valve 6, and a bypass valve 22 is arranged on the bypass pipe 21. The bypass valve 22 is in data connection with a central controller. The opening and closing of the bypass valve 22 can ensure whether hot fluid passes through the water heater 1 and the heat reservoir 2.
Preferably, the bypass valve 22 is open and the manifold valve 6 is closed.
Controlling the opening and closing of the valve according to the flow of the hot fluid
Preferably, a thermal fluid sensor 24 is disposed in the manifold 8 upstream of the manifold valve 6, and the thermal fluid sensor 24 is used to detect whether thermal fluid flows through the manifold. The thermal fluid sensor 24 is in data connection with a central controller, and the central controller controls the opening and closing of the main pipe valve 6 according to data detected by the main pipe sensor 24.
When the central controller detects that hot fluid passes through the main pipeline 8, for example, when the solar collector system is in operation, the central controller controls the main pipeline valve 6 to be in an open state, the hot fluid can enter the water heater 1 and the heat reservoir 2, and the hot fluid circulates back to the heat collector 7 after heat exchange is completed. When the central controller detects that no hot fluid passes through the main pipeline 8, for example, when the solar heat collecting system stops running or the sun does not exist or the solar energy is insufficient at night, the central controller controls the main valve 6 to close, and the pipelines where the water heater 1 and the heat reservoir 2 are located form a circulating pipeline. At this time, the water heater 1 is heated by the heat stored in the heat storage unit 2, thereby heating the water. Through the operation, when hot fluid exists, under the condition of meeting the heating water quantity generated by the water heater 1, more heat can be stored in the heat storage device 2, and under the condition of no hot fluid solar energy, the water heater 1 is heated by utilizing the heat stored by the hot fluid solar energy, so that the actual working requirement of the water heater 1 is met. Therefore, the solar energy of the hot fluid can be fully utilized, and the waste of excessive heat is avoided.
Preferably, the bypass valve 22 is open and the manifold valve 6 is closed.
Preferably, when the thermal fluid sensor detects thermal fluid, the central controller controls the bypass valve 22 to close and the manifold valve 6 to open.
Preferably, when the thermal fluid sensor detects the absence of thermal fluid, the central controller controls the bypass valve 22 to open and the manifold valve 6 to close.
(II) controlling the operation of the pump of the closed circulation system according to the flow of the hot fluid
Preferably, a pump is arranged on the heat reservoir pipeline 20, and the manifold valve 6 is closed under the condition that no hot fluid solar energy exists, so that the pipelines where the water heater 1 and the heat reservoir 2 are located form a circulation pipeline through the operation of the pump.
Preferably, the pump is in data connection with a central controller, which automatically controls the operation of the pump according to data monitored by the thermal fluid sensor.
When the central controller detects that hot fluid passes through the pipeline, the central controller automatically controls the pump to stop running. When the central controller detects that no thermal fluid passes through the pipeline, the central controller automatically controls the pump to start running. By controlling the intelligent operation of the pump, the intelligent control of the operation of the pump can be realized according to the actual situation, and the intelligence of the system is improved.
(III) controlling the operation of the pump according to the double temperature detection
Preferably, a first temperature sensor is arranged in the heat reservoir 2 and is used for detecting the temperature of the heat storage material in the heat reservoir. A second temperature sensor is arranged in the water heater and used for detecting the temperature of water in the water heater 1. The first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are in data connection with the central controller. The manifold valve 6 is closed and the central controller automatically controls the operation of the pump according to the temperatures detected by the first and second temperature sensors.
The central controller controls the pump to stop operating if the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor is lower than the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor. If the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor is higher than the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor, the central controller controls the pump to start operating.
The operation of the pump is controlled through the detected temperature, and the water heater can be heated automatically. Since it was found in the course of research and development and experiments that when the heat of the heat reservoir is gradually exhausted, the temperature of the gas from the heat reservoir is lower than that of the water in the water heater 1, in this case, it is impossible to heat the water heater by using the heat reservoir again, and the heat of the water heater may be taken away. Therefore, the operation of the pump is intelligently controlled according to the detected temperature, so that the circulation of the heat reservoir 2 and the water heater 1 is intelligently controlled, and the water heating effect is improved.
(IV) controlling the opening of the valve according to the temperature of hot fluid at the inlet of the water heater
Preferably, a third temperature sensor 23 is provided at the position of the hot fluid inlet of the water heater 1 for measuring the temperature of the hot fluid entering the water heater. The third temperature sensor 23 is in data connection with the central controller, and the central controller automatically controls the valve opening degrees of the water heater valve 5 and the heat reservoir valve 10 according to the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 23.
Preferably, when the temperature measured by the third temperature sensor 23 is lower than a certain temperature, the central controller controls the valve 5 to be opened more, and controls the valve 10 to be opened less, so as to increase the flow rate of the hot fluid into the water heater 1. When the temperature measured by the third temperature sensor 23 is higher than a certain temperature, the central controller controls the valve 5 to decrease the opening degree, and simultaneously controls the valve 10 to increase the opening degree, so as to decrease the flow rate of the water entering the water heater 1.
When the temperature measured by the third temperature sensor 23 is lower than a certain temperature, the ability of the water heater 1 to heat water is deteriorated, and the normal requirement cannot be met, so that more hot fluid is required to heat the water heater, thereby heating water.
Through foretell operation, can be when the hot-fluid temperature is high, after satisfying the aquatic products demand of heating, carry out the heat-retaining with unnecessary heat through the heat reservoir, when the hot-fluid temperature is low, can be used for heating water in getting into the water heater with more hot-fluids, guaranteed the demand of the water of heating, the energy saving simultaneously.
(V) controlling the opening and closing of the valve according to the temperature of the hot fluid
Preferably, a fourth temperature sensor is arranged in the main conduit 8 upstream of the main valve 6, and the fourth temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the hot fluid in the main conduit. The fourth temperature sensor is in data connection with the central controller, and the central controller controls the opening and closing of the main valve 6 according to data detected by the fourth temperature sensor.
When the central controller detects that the temperature of the main pipe 8 exceeds a certain temperature, for example, the heat collector starts to discharge high-temperature hot fluid during operation, the central controller controls the main pipe valve 6 to be in an open state, and the hot fluid can enter the water heater 1 and the heat reservoir 2. When the central controller detects that the temperature of the hot fluid in the main pipe 8 is lower than a certain temperature, for example, the operation of the heat collector is stopped at night or when no sun exists, or because the temperature of the hot fluid is lower due to the utilization of the solar energy in the front, in order to avoid that the solar energy cannot be utilized, the central controller controls the main pipe valve 6 to be closed, and the pipelines where the water heater 1 and the heat reservoir 2 are located form a circulation pipeline. At this time, the water heater 1 is heated by the heat stored in the heat storage unit 2, thereby heating the water. Through the operation, when the temperature of the hot fluid meets the requirement, under the condition of meeting the heating water quantity generated by the water heater 1, the excess heat can be stored in the heat reservoir 2, and under the condition of no hot fluid solar energy, the heat stored by the hot fluid solar energy is utilized to heat the water heater 1, so that the actual working requirement of the water heater 1 is met. Therefore, the solar energy of the hot fluid can be fully utilized, and the waste of excessive heat is avoided.
Preferably, when the thermal fluid sensor detects that a certain temperature is exceeded, the central controller controls the bypass valve 22 to be closed and the manifold valve 6 to be opened.
Preferably, when the thermal fluid sensor detects that the temperature is lower than a certain temperature, the central controller controls the bypass valve 22 to be opened and the manifold valve 6 to be closed.
(VI) controlling the operation of the pump of the closed circulation system according to the flow of the hot fluid
This embodiment is an improvement on the basis of the (fifth) embodiment.
Preferably, a pump is arranged on the heat reservoir pipeline 20, and when the temperature of the hot fluid in the main pipeline 8 is lower than a certain temperature, the pipelines where the water heater 1 and the heat reservoir 2 are located form a circulation pipeline through the operation of the pump.
Preferably, the pump is in data connection with a central controller, and the central controller automatically controls the operation of the pump according to data monitored by a main pipeline temperature sensor.
When the central controller detects that the temperature of the hot fluid in the main pipeline is higher than a certain temperature, the central controller controls the valve 6 of the main pipeline to be opened, and the pump is automatically controlled to stop running. Because the temperature of the hot fluid meets the heat exchange requirement, the hot fluid can be used for heating the water heater and the heat reservoir 2. When the central controller detects that the temperature of the hot fluid in the main pipeline is lower than a certain temperature, the central controller controls the valve 6 of the main pipeline to be closed, and the central controller automatically controls the pump to start running. Because the temperature of the hot fluid does not meet the heat exchange requirement, the heat reservoir 2 is required to heat the water heater. Through the intelligent operation according to hot-fluid temperature control pump, can realize the intelligent control of pump operation according to actual conditions, improved the intellectuality of system.
When the central controller detects that the temperature of the hot fluid in the main pipeline is higher than a certain temperature, the bypass valve is closed. When the central controller detects that the temperature of the pipeline hot fluid is lower than a certain temperature, the bypass valve is opened.
Seventhly, the operation of the pump is controlled according to the temperature detection of the outlet of the heat reservoir
Preferably, a first temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet of the heat reservoir 2 for detecting the temperature of the fluid at the outlet of the heat reservoir. A second temperature sensor is arranged in the water heater and used for detecting the temperature of water in the water heater 1. The first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are in data connection with the central controller. The central controller automatically controls the operation of the pump according to the temperatures detected by the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor.
The central controller controls the pump to stop operating if the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor is lower than the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor.
Under the condition that the valve of the main pipe is closed, the running of the pump is controlled through the detected temperature, and the water heater can be heated automatically. Since it was found in the course of research and development and experiments that when the heat of the heat reservoir is gradually exhausted, the temperature of the gas from the heat reservoir is lower than that of the water in the water heater 1, in this case, it is impossible to heat the water heater by using the heat reservoir again, and the heat of the water heater may be taken away. Therefore, the circulation of the heat reservoir 2 and the water heater 1 is intelligently controlled by intelligently controlling the operation of the pump according to the detected temperature, and the generation rate of the heated water is improved.
The heat collector 7 comprises a heat collecting tube 11 and a water tank 12, wherein the heat collecting tube 11 is actually an independent heat tube and comprises an evaporation end 111 and a condensation end 112, and the condensation end 112 is arranged in the water tank 12. The evaporation end 111 absorbs solar energy and transfers heat to the water in the water tank through the condensation end 112. The water tank 12 is communicated with the heat utilization device 2 to form a circulation loop, the heat collection tubes 11 absorb solar energy to heat water in the water tank 12, the heated water enters the heat utilization device 2 through the water tank outlet tube 17, heat exchange is carried out in the heat utilization device 2, and water flowing out of the heat utilization device 2 enters the water tank 12 through the water tank inlet tube 15 to be heated.
The solar collector also comprises a transparent glass plate 13 and a heat insulating layer 14. The transparent glass plate 13 covers the front surface of the evaporation end 111 of the heat collecting tube, and a heat insulating layer 17 is left between the evaporation end 111 and the transparent glass plate 16, and preferably, the heat insulating layer is an vacuum layer. The transparent glass plate 16 is preferably made of toughened glass, and the heat insulation layer is a vacuum layer; preferably, the heat absorbing film 12 is disposed on the front surface of the evaporation end 111 of the heat pipe 1 by sputtering.
Preferably, the heat absorbing film 12 is disposed on the upper surface (i.e., the surface facing the sun) of the evaporation end 111 of the heat collecting tube 1.
The bottom plate 11 is arranged at the lower part of the heat collecting pipe 1 and is made of heat insulating materials.
Preferably, the thickness of the heat insulation layer 17 is 10mm to 15 mm; preferably 12 mm.
The heat collecting pipes 11 are arranged side by side, and the adjacent heat collecting pipes 11 are communicated through the flow equalizing pipe 18.
In the operation process of the heat collector, the fluid distribution is uneven, in addition, in the heat collection process, the absorbed heat of different heat collection tubes is different, so that the temperature of fluids in different heat collection tubes is different, and even fluids in some heat collection tubes, such as water, are in a gas-liquid two-phase state, and the fluids in some heat collection tubes are still liquid, so that the pressure in the heat collection tubes is increased because the fluids are changed into steam, and therefore, the fluids can flow in the heat collection tubes mutually by arranging the flow equalizing tubes among the heat collection tubes, so that the pressure distribution in all the heat collection tubes is balanced, and the fluid distribution can also be promoted to be balanced.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 8, a flow equalizing pipe 18 is arranged between the heat collecting pipes. A flow equalizing pipe 18 is arranged between at least two adjacent heat collecting pipes 11. In the research, it is found that in the process of heat absorption and heat release of the evaporation tube, the heat absorption amount and the heat release amount of the heat absorption and heat release tubes at different positions are different, so that the pressure or the temperature between the heat collection tubes 11 are different, the temperature of part of the heat collection tubes 11 is too high, the service life is shortened, and once the heat collection tubes 11 are out of order, the problem that the whole solar system cannot be used may occur. According to the invention, through a great deal of research, the flow equalizing pipes 18 are arranged on the adjacent heat collecting pipes, so that under the condition that the pressure of the heat collecting pipes is different due to different heating, the fluid in the heat collecting pipe 11 with high pressure can quickly flow to the heat collecting pipe 11 with low pressure, thereby keeping the overall pressure balance and avoiding local overheating or overcooling.
Preferably, a plurality of uniform flow tubes 18 are disposed between adjacent heat collecting tubes 11 from the lower portion of the heat collecting tubes 11 to the upper portion of the heat collecting tubes 11. Through setting up a plurality of flow equalizing pipes, can make the continuous balanced pressure of fluid in the heat absorption evaporation process, guarantee the pressure balance in the whole collecting tube.
Preferably, at the evaporation end 111, the distance between adjacent flow equalizing pipes 18 decreases from the lower portion of the heat collecting pipe 11 to the upper portion of the heat collecting pipe 11. The purpose is to arrange more flow equalizing pipes, because the fluid continuously absorbs heat along with the upward flow of the fluid, and the pressure in different heat collecting pipes is more and more uneven along with the continuous heat absorption of the fluid, so that the pressure equalization can be ensured to be achieved as soon as possible in the flowing process of the fluid through the arrangement.
Preferably, at the evaporation end 111, the distance between adjacent flow equalizing pipes is gradually reduced from the lower part of the heat collecting pipe 11 to the upper part of the heat collecting pipe 11. Experiments show that the arrangement can ensure that the pressure balance is achieved more optimally and more quickly in the fluid flowing process. This is also the best way of communicating by extensively studying the law of change of the pressure distribution.
Preferably, at the evaporation end 111, the diameter of the flow equalizing pipe 18 increases from the lower portion of the heat collecting pipe 11 to the upper portion of the heat collecting pipe 11. The purpose is to ensure a larger communication area, because the fluid continuously absorbs heat to generate steam along with the upward flow of the fluid, and the temperature and pressure in different heat collecting pipes are more and more uneven along with the continuous difference of the steam, so that the pressure balance can be ensured to be achieved as soon as possible in the flowing process of the fluid through the arrangement.
Preferably, at the evaporation end 111, the diameter of the flow equalizing pipe 18 increases from the lower portion of the heat collecting pipe 11 to the upper portion of the heat collecting pipe 11. Experiments show that the arrangement can ensure that the pressure balance is achieved more optimally and more quickly in the fluid flowing process. This is also the best way of communicating by extensively studying the law of change of the pressure distribution.
Preferably, at the condensation end 112, the distance between adjacent flow equalizing pipes 18 increases from the lower portion of the heat collecting pipe 11 to the upper portion of the heat collecting pipe 11. The purpose is to arrange fewer flow equalizing pipes and reduce the cost. Because the steam in the heat pipe continuously releases heat and condenses along with the upward lower part of the condensing end 112, and the pressure in the heat collecting pipe is smaller and smaller along with the continuous heat release of the fluid, the phenomenon of non-uniformity is more and more alleviated, materials can be saved through the arrangement, the flow equalizing pipe is arranged according to the pressure change, and the pressure equalization can be achieved as soon as possible in the flowing process of the fluid.
Preferably, at the condensation end 112, the distance between adjacent flow equalizing pipes increases from the lower portion of the heat collecting pipe 11 to the upper portion of the heat collecting pipe 11. Experiments show that the arrangement can ensure that the pressure balance is achieved more optimally and more quickly in the fluid flowing process. This is also the best way of communicating by extensively studying the law of change of the pressure distribution.
Preferably, at the condensation end 112, the diameter of the flow equalizing pipe 18 decreases from the lower portion of the heat collecting pipe 11 to the upper portion of the heat collecting pipe 11. The purpose is to ensure reduced communication area and reduce cost. The same principle as the distance from the front is increasing.
Preferably, at the condensation end 112, the diameter of the flow equalizing pipe 18 decreases from the lower portion of the heat collecting pipe 11 to the upper portion of the heat collecting pipe 11 more and more. Experiments show that the arrangement can ensure that the pressure balance is achieved more optimally and more quickly in the fluid flowing process. This is also the best way of communicating by extensively studying the law of change of the pressure distribution.
Because the heat transfer of steam in the thermal-collecting tube, make the thermal-collecting tube the vapour-liquid two-phase flow appear, on the one hand, the thermal-collecting tube is in the evaporation process, inevitable can carry liquid to in the thermal-collecting tube, simultaneously because the exothermic condensation of condensation end, thereby make to have liquid in the condensation end, liquid is inevitable in getting into the steam, thereby make the fluid in the thermal-collecting tube be vapour-liquid mixture, the thermal-collecting tube can be because of the incondensable gas of ageing production at the operation in-process simultaneously, the incondensable gas generally rises to the condensation end on thermal-collecting tube upper portion, the existence of incondensable gas leads to the pressure increase in the thermal-collecting tube condensation end, pressure. Greatly influencing the heat exchange efficiency. Therefore, the present invention adopts a new structure to separate vapor phase and liquid phase, so that the heat exchange is enhanced.
A stabilizing device 4 is arranged in the heat collecting pipe, and the structure of the stabilizing device 4 is shown in figures 4 and 5. The stabilizing device 4 is a sheet structure which is arranged on the cross section of the heat collecting pipe 11; the stabilizing device 4 is composed of a square and regular octagonal structure, so that a square through hole 41 and a regular octagonal through hole 42 are formed. The side length of the square through-hole 41 is equal to the side length of the regular octagonal through-hole 42 as shown in fig. 4, the four sides 43 of the square through-hole are the sides 43 of four different regular octagonal through-holes, respectively, and the four mutually spaced sides 43 of the regular eight deformed through-hole are the sides 43 of four different square through-holes, respectively.
The invention adopts a stabilizing device with a novel structure, and has the following advantages:
1) the invention provides a novel structure stabilizing device combining a square through hole and a regular octagon through hole, wherein the included angles formed by the edges of the formed square hole and the regular octagon hole are larger than or equal to 90 degrees through the square and the regular octagon, so that fluid can fully flow through each position of each hole, and the short circuit of the fluid flow is avoided or reduced. The two-phase fluid is separated into the liquid phase and the gas phase by the stabilizing device with the novel structure, the liquid phase is separated into small liquid masses, the gas phase is separated into small bubbles, the backflow of the liquid phase is inhibited, the gas phase is enabled to flow smoothly, the flow stabilizing effect is achieved, the vibration and noise reducing effect is achieved, and the heat exchange effect is improved. Compared with the stabilizing device in the prior art, the stabilizing device further improves the flow stabilizing effect, strengthens heat transfer and is simple to manufacture.
2) According to the invention, through reasonable layout, the square and regular octagonal through holes are uniformly distributed, so that the fluid on the whole cross street is uniformly divided, and the problem of nonuniform division of the annular structure along the circumferential direction in the prior art is avoided.
3) According to the invention, the square holes and the regular octagonal through holes are uniformly distributed at intervals, so that the large holes and the small holes are uniformly distributed on the whole cross section, and the separation effect is better through the position change of the large holes and the small holes of the adjacent stabilizing devices.
4) According to the invention, the stabilizing device is of a sheet structure, so that the stabilizing device is simple in structure and low in cost.
By arranging the annular stabilizing device, the invention equivalently increases the internal heat exchange area in the heat exchange tube, strengthens the heat exchange and improves the heat exchange effect.
According to the invention, the gas-liquid two phases are divided at all cross section positions of all heat exchange tubes, so that the contact area between the division of a gas-liquid interface and a gas-phase boundary layer and a cooling wall surface is realized on the whole heat exchange tube section, the disturbance is enhanced, the noise and the vibration are greatly reduced, and the heat transfer is enhanced.
Preferably, the stabilizing device comprises two types, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the first type is a square central stabilizing device, and a square is positioned in the center of the heat collecting pipe or the condensing pipe, as shown in fig. 5. The second is a regular octagonal central stabilizer, the regular octagon is located at the center of the heat collecting pipe or the condensing pipe, as shown in fig. 4. As a preference, the two types of stabilizing means are arranged next to one another, i.e. the types of stabilizing means arranged next to one another differ. I.e. adjacent to the square central stabilizer is a regular octagonal central stabilizer, and adjacent to the regular octagonal central stabilizer is a square central stabilizer. According to the invention, the square holes and the regular octagon holes are uniformly distributed at intervals, so that the large holes and the small holes are uniformly distributed on the whole cross section, and through the position change of the large holes and the small holes of the adjacent stabilizing devices, the fluid passing through the large holes next passes through the small holes, and the fluid passing through the small holes next passes through the large holes to be further separated, so that the mixing of vapor and liquid is promoted, and the separating and heat exchanging effects are better.
Preferably, the cross section of the heat collecting tube 11 is square.
Preferably, a plurality of stabilizers are disposed in the evaporation end, and the distance between the stabilizers is gradually decreased from the lower end of the heat collecting pipe to the upper end of the evaporation end 111. Setting the distance between the lower ends of the heat collecting pipes as H, and the distance between the adjacent stabilizing devices as S, S = F1(H) I.e. S is a function of the height H as a variable, S' is the first derivative of S, satisfying the following requirements:
S’<0;
the main reason is that the liquid in the heat collecting pipe is heated continuously to generate steam, in the rising process, the steam is increased continuously, so that the steam in the gas-liquid two-phase flow is increased, the steam phase in the gas-liquid two-phase flow is increased, the heat exchange capacity in the heat collecting pipe is weakened relatively along with the increase of the steam phase, and the vibration and the noise are increased continuously along with the increase of the steam phase. The distance between adjacent stabilizers to be provided is therefore shorter and shorter.
Through the experiment discovery, through foretell setting, both can reduce vibrations and noise to the at utmost, can improve the heat transfer effect simultaneously.
Further preferably, at the evaporation end 111, the distance between adjacent stabilizing devices increases in a direction from the lower end of the heat collecting pipe to the upper side. I.e. S "is the second derivative of S, the following requirements are met:
S”>0;
through the experiment, the vibration and the noise of about 7% can be further reduced, and the heat exchange effect of about 8% is improved.
Preferably, a plurality of stabilizers are disposed in the evaporation end 111, and the side length of the square at the evaporation end 111 is smaller and smaller from the lower end of the heat collecting pipe to the upper side (i.e. from the lower part to the upper part in fig. 2 and 3). The distance from the lower end of the heat collecting pipe is H, the side length of the square is C, and C = F2(H) And C' is the first derivative of C, and meets the following requirements:
C’<0;
further preferably, at the evaporation end 111, the side length of the square is gradually increased from the lower end of the heat collecting tube to the upper end. C' is the second derivative of C, and meets the following requirements:
C”>0。
see the previous variation in the pitch of the stabilizer for specific reasons.
Preferably, the distance between adjacent stabilizers remains constant.
Preferably, a plurality of stabilizing devices are arranged in the condensation end, and at the condensation end 112, the distance between the stabilizing devices is increased from the inlet of the condensation end 112 (i.e. from the position where the heat collecting pipe 11 extends into the water tank). Setting the distance from the position where the heat collecting pipe 11 extends into the water tank as H, the distance between adjacent stabilizing devices as S, S = F1(H) I.e. S is a function of the height H as a variable, S' is the first derivative of S, satisfying the following requirements:
S’>0;
the main reason is that the steam in the condensation end is continuously condensed in the rising process, and the steam is continuously less and less, so that the steam in the gas-liquid two-phase flow is less and less, and the steam phase in the gas-liquid two-phase flow is less and less. The distance between adjacent stabilizers to be set is therefore longer and longer, so that further cost savings can be achieved, substantially the same effect can be achieved, and the flow resistance can be reduced.
Through the experiment discovery, through foretell setting, both can reduce vibrations and noise to the at utmost, can improve the heat transfer effect simultaneously.
It is further preferred that, at the condensation end 112, the distance between adjacent stabilizing devices increases continuously from the entrance of the condensation end 112 (i.e. from the position where the heat collecting tube 11 extends into the water tank). I.e. S "is the second derivative of S, the following requirements are met:
S”>0;
through the experiment discovery, through so setting up, can further reduce the resistance about 7%, reach basically the same heat transfer effect simultaneously.
Preferably, a plurality of stabilizing devices are disposed in the condensing end 112, and start from the entrance of the condensing end 112 (i.e., from the heat collection) at the condensing end 112The position where the tube 11 extends into the tank) the sides of the square become larger and larger. Setting the distance from the position where the heat collecting pipe 11 extends into the water tank as H, the side length of the square as C, and C = F2(H) And C' is the first derivative of C, and meets the following requirements:
C’>0;
further preferably, at the condensation end 112, the side length of the square increases continuously from the lower end of the heat collecting tube to the upper end. C' is the second derivative of C, and meets the following requirements:
C”>0。
see the previous variation in the pitch of the stabilizer for specific reasons.
Preferably, the distance between adjacent stabilizers remains constant.
Preferably, the inner wall of the heat collecting pipe is provided with a slit, and the outer end of the stabilizing device is arranged in the slit.
Preferably, the heat collecting pipe is formed by welding a multi-section structure, and a stabilizing device is arranged at the joint of the multi-section structure.
Through analysis and experiments, the distance between the stabilizing devices cannot be too large, the damping, noise reduction and separation effects are poor if the distance is too large, meanwhile, the distance cannot be too small, the resistance is too large if the distance is too small, and similarly, the side length of a square cannot be too large or too small, and the damping and noise reduction effects are poor or the resistance is too large, so that the damping and noise reduction can be optimized under the condition that normal flow resistance (the total pressure bearing is less than 2.5MPa or the on-way resistance of a single heat collecting tube is less than or equal to 5 Pa/M) is preferentially met through a large number of experiments, and the optimal relation of each parameter is arranged.
Preferably, the distance between adjacent stabilizing devices is M1, the side length of each square through hole is B1, the heat collecting tube is a square section, the side length of each square section of the heat collecting tube is B2, and an acute angle formed by the heat collecting tube and a horizontal plane is A, so that the following requirements are met:
c*M1/B2=a*Ln(B1/B2) +b
wherein a, b are parameters, wherein 1.725<a<1.733,4.99<b<5.01；c=1/cos(A)mWherein 0.085<m<0.095Preferably m = 0.090.
11<B2<46mm；
1．9<B1<3.2mm；
18<M1<27mm。
20°<A<60°。
Preferably, 30 ° < a <50 °.
Further preferably, a is smaller and B is larger as B1/B2 is increased.
Preferably, a =1.728, b = 4.997;
preferably, the side length B1 of the square through hole is the average value of the inner side length and the outer side length of the square through hole, and the side length B2 of the square section of the heat collecting tube is the average value of the inner side length and the outer side length of the heat collecting tube.
Preferably, the length of the outer edge of the square through hole is equal to the length of the inner edge of the square section of the heat collecting pipe.
As a increases, m becomes smaller.
Preferably, as B2 increases, B1 also increases. However, as B2 increases, the magnitude of the increase in B1 becomes smaller and smaller. The change of the rule is obtained through a large amount of numerical simulation and experiments, and the heat exchange effect and the noise are further improved and reduced through the change of the rule.
Preferably, as B2 increases, M1 decreases. However, as B2 increases, the magnitude of the decrease in M1 becomes smaller and smaller. The change of the rule is obtained through a large amount of numerical simulation and experiments, and the heat exchange effect and the noise are further improved and reduced through the change of the rule.
Learn through analysis and experiment, the interval of thermal-collecting tube also satisfies certain requirement, for example can not too big or the undersize, no matter too big or the undersize can lead to the heat transfer effect not good, because set up stabilising arrangement in this application thermal-collecting tube moreover, consequently stabilising arrangement also has certain requirement to the thermal-collecting tube interval. Therefore, through a large number of experiments, under the condition that the normal flow resistance (the total pressure bearing is less than 2.5Mpa, or the on-way resistance of a single heat collecting pipe is less than or equal to 5 Pa/M) is preferentially met, the damping and noise reduction are optimized, and the optimal relation of each parameter is arranged.
The distance between adjacent stabilizing devices is M1, the side length of a square is B1, the heat collecting tube is a square section, the side length of the heat collecting tube is B2, an acute angle formed by the heat collecting tube and a horizontal plane is A, and the distance between the centers of adjacent heat collecting tubes is M2, so that the following requirements are met:
c*M2/B2=d*(M1/B2)2+e-f*(M1/B2)3-h*(M1/B2)；
wherein d, e, f, h are parameters,
1.239<d<1.240,1.544<e<1.545,0.37<f<0.38,0.991<h<0.992；c=1/cos(A)nwherein 0.090<n<0.098, preferably n = 0.093.
11<B2<46mm；
1．9<B1<3.2mm；
18<M1<27mm。
16<M2<76mm。
The distance between the centers of adjacent heat collecting pipes is M2, which is the distance between the center lines of the heat collecting pipes.
As a increases, n becomes smaller.
20°<A<60°。
Preferably, 30 ° < a <50 °.
Further preferably, d =1.2393, e =1.5445, f =0.3722, h = 0.9912;
preferably, d, e, f are larger and h is smaller as M1/B2 is increased.
Preferably, as B2 increases, M2 increases, but as B2 increases, the magnitude of the increase in M2 becomes smaller and smaller. The change of the rule is obtained through a large amount of numerical simulation and experiments, and the heat exchange effect can be further improved through the change of the rule.
Preferably, the length of the evaporation end (from the lower end of the heat collecting pipe to the position where the heat collecting pipe is connected with the water tank) is between 1000 and 1800 mm. More preferably, 1200-1400 mm.
Preferably, the length of the condensation end is between 500 and 900 mm. More preferably, 600-700 mm.
By optimizing the optimal geometric dimension of the formula, the optimal effect of shock absorption and noise reduction can be achieved under the condition of meeting the normal flow resistance.
For other parameters, such as the wall thickness of the pipe and the wall thickness of the shell, the parameters are set according to normal standards.
Preferably, the water heater 1 is a liquid medicine heat exchanger, and the heat collecting pipe extends into the liquid medicine in the tank body and is used for heating the liquid medicine.
Preferably, the water heater 1 is a health care product heat exchanger, and the heat collecting pipe extends into the health care product in the box body and is used for heating the health care product.
In fact, the heat collecting tube of the present invention is a heat pipe, and the heat pipe includes an evaporation end 111 and a condensation end 112.
Preferably, the condensation end of the heat collecting tube 11 extends to a position below the center line of the water tank, as shown in fig. 3. Further preferably, the distance between the lowest end of the water tank and the center line is 1/4 to 1/2. By penetrating into the lower end of the water tank, natural convection heat exchange of water in the water tank can be further realized, and the heat exchange effect is improved.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A solar energy system comprises a water heater and a heat reservoir, wherein the water heater is arranged on a water heater pipeline, the heat reservoir is arranged on a heat reservoir pipeline, the water heater pipeline and the heat reservoir pipeline form a parallel pipeline, a heat collector is communicated with the water heater to form a circulation loop, the heat collector is communicated with the heat reservoir to form a circulation loop, hot fluid in a main pipeline respectively enters the water heater pipeline and the heat reservoir of the heat reservoir pipeline, water is heated in the water heater, heat is stored in the heat reservoir, and the fluid after heat exchange in the water heater and the heat reservoir enters the heat collector through a water return pipeline to be heated;
the system comprises a water heater pipeline, a heat storage device pipeline, a central controller and a control unit, wherein the water heater valve is arranged at the position of an inlet of a water heater of the water heater pipeline and used for controlling the flow of hot fluid entering the water heater, the heat storage device valve is arranged at the position of an inlet pipe of a heat storage device of the heat storage device pipeline and used for controlling the flow of the hot fluid entering the heat storage device, and the central controller is in communication data connection with the heat storage device valve and the water heater valve; the third temperature sensor is arranged at the position of a hot fluid inlet of the water heater and is used for measuring the temperature of the hot fluid entering the water heater; the third temperature sensor is in data connection with the central controller, and the central controller automatically controls the valve opening degrees of the water heater valve and the heat reservoir valve according to the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor;
the heat collector comprises a heat collecting tube and a water tank, the heat collecting tube comprises an evaporation end and a condensation end, the condensation end is arranged in the water tank, the evaporation end absorbs solar energy, heat is transferred to water in the water tank through the condensation end, a stabilizing device is arranged in the heat collecting tube, the stabilizing device is of a sheet structure, and the sheet structure is arranged on the cross section of the heat collecting tube; the stabilizing device is composed of a square through hole and a regular octagonal through hole, the side length of the square through hole is equal to that of the regular octagonal through hole, four sides of the square through hole are respectively sides of four different regular octagonal through holes, and four mutually spaced sides of the regular octagonal through hole are respectively sides of four different square through holes.
2. The solar energy system as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the temperature measured by the third temperature sensor is lower than a certain temperature, the central controller controls the water heater valve to be opened more and controls the heat reservoir valve to be opened less; when the temperature measured by the third temperature sensor is higher than a certain temperature, the central controller controls the water heater valve to reduce the opening degree, and controls the heat reservoir valve to increase the opening degree.
3. The solar energy system of claim 1 wherein the collector tubes are square in cross-section.
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| DE2837565A1 (en) * | 1978-08-29 | 1980-03-20 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | DEVICE FOR PREPARING HOT HOT WATER |
| CN104061691A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2014-09-24 | 杭州金培科技有限公司 | Solar collector system with radiator |
| CN105157256A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2015-12-16 | 南阳师范学院 | Solar energy system for remotely and intelligently controlling flow distribution |
| CN105444429A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-30 | 西安蓝色海洋太阳能有限公司 | Domestic hot water supply system |
| CN107367078A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2017-11-21 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of solar heat-preservation system using bypass conduit intelligent control |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2837565A1 (en) * | 1978-08-29 | 1980-03-20 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | DEVICE FOR PREPARING HOT HOT WATER |
| CN104061691A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2014-09-24 | 杭州金培科技有限公司 | Solar collector system with radiator |
| CN105157256A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2015-12-16 | 南阳师范学院 | Solar energy system for remotely and intelligently controlling flow distribution |
| CN105444429A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-30 | 西安蓝色海洋太阳能有限公司 | Domestic hot water supply system |
| CN107367078A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2017-11-21 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of solar heat-preservation system using bypass conduit intelligent control |
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