CN110281807B - Matching method and system for electric automobile and charging pile - Google Patents

Matching method and system for electric automobile and charging pile Download PDF

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CN110281807B
CN110281807B CN201910578203.1A CN201910578203A CN110281807B CN 110281807 B CN110281807 B CN 110281807B CN 201910578203 A CN201910578203 A CN 201910578203A CN 110281807 B CN110281807 B CN 110281807B
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charging pile
charging
time
pile
electric
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CN110281807A (en
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李东东
段维伊
赵耀
孙梦显
华伟
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Shanghai University of Electric Power
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Shanghai University of Electric Power
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/66—Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Abstract

The invention relates to a matching method and a system for an electric automobile and a charging pile, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: acquiring a use request of an electric vehicle owner, wherein the use request comprises required electric quantity, departure time and a position; by allocating function A according to the request for usejObtain candidate charging pileNumbering; according to the use request, through a preference function BiObtaining the number of the optional charging pile; comparing the number of the optional charging pile with the number of the candidate charging pile: if the unique coincident number exists, the unique coincident number is sent to the vehicle owner; if no coincident number exists, sending matching failure information to the vehicle owner; and if a plurality of coincident numbers exist, all the coincident numbers are sent to the vehicle owner and are selected by the vehicle owner. Compared with the prior art, the method and the device have the advantages that the final matching result can enable the utilization rate of all charging piles in the area to be approximately equal, the maintenance and the preservation are convenient, the service life is integrally prolonged, the benefits of vehicle owners can be considered, and good use experience is brought.

Description

Matching method and system for electric automobile and charging pile
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric automobile and charging pile management, in particular to a matching method and system for an electric automobile and a charging pile.
Background
In recent years, electric vehicles are developed rapidly, the number of new energy vehicles is increased explosively, and in contrast, charging infrastructures of the electric vehicles still stay at a low level, and the fact that a large number of vehicles and a small number of vehicles are the primary concern of current vehicle owners.
The aggregator is used as a communication bridge between the user and the power grid company to acquire the agency right of the charging facilities in a certain area, purchase and sell power from the power grid, and provide charging and discharging services for the user. At present, a simple nearby guiding principle is still adopted when an aggregator provides charging pile services for users, the users randomly select and charge the nearest charging piles nearby by searching, so that the utilization rate of the charging piles is unbalanced, one part of the charging piles are frequently used, the loss is high, the service life is shortened, the use frequency of the other part of the charging piles in an area is low, and the overall maintenance is not facilitated; simultaneously, because concentrate the use and make the user can't find suitable electric pile that fills the very first time, still need carry out long-time queuing, cause the use inconvenient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a matching method and a matching system for an electric automobile and a charging pile.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a matching method for an electric automobile and a charging pile specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining a use request of an electric vehicle owner, wherein the use request comprises required electric quantity, departure time and the position;
s2, according to the use request, the function A is distributedjObtaining a candidate charging pile number;
s3, passing through a preference function B according to the use requestiObtaining the number of the optional charging pile;
s4, comparing the number of the optional charging pile with the number of the candidate charging pile:
if the unique coincident number exists, the unique coincident number is sent to the vehicle owner;
if no coincident number exists, sending matching failure information to the vehicle owner;
if a plurality of coincident numbers exist, the owner selects the coincident numbers.
Further, in step S2, the distribution function includes the available condition a1Degree of aging of the apparatus a2And response speed a3Three factors, namely, standardizing the three factors of different dimensional data by a maximum and minimum method to obtain A1，A2And A3；
The expression of the distribution function is:
Figure BDA0002112590130000021
Figure BDA0002112590130000022
Figure BDA0002112590130000023
Figure BDA0002112590130000024
wherein, the weight value is a first weight value; x is the number ofjIn the idle state of the charging pile, 1 is taken when the charging pile is available, and 0 is taken when the charging pile is occupied;
Figure BDA0002112590130000025
the charging time can be provided for the charging pile; p is a radical offastTo predict the rated charging power; qofferThe available charge quantity is the available charge quantity of the charging pile; p is a radical ofchActual charging power; n is the charged number of times of the charging pile; beta is a decay exponent; t isijThe time for driving to the charging pile; delta t is the scheduling time length of the time; t isjqThe qth available time period for the jth charging pile; t isi EThe departure time of the vehicle;
Figure BDA0002112590130000026
is the start time of the qth time period.
Further, the 24 hours of the day are divided into a plurality of time periods of fixed duration, TjqThe qth available time interval of the jth charging pile is provided, and the starting time and the ending time of each time interval are respectively
Figure BDA0002112590130000027
And
Figure BDA0002112590130000028
it is long when charging to fill electric pile can provide to charge
Figure BDA0002112590130000029
The specific expression is as follows:
if the charging pile is not reserved:
Figure BDA00021125901300000210
if the charging pile is in the moment
Figure BDA00021125901300000211
Is predetermined to:
Figure BDA00021125901300000212
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA00021125901300000213
the time required for charging to the required amount of electricity;
Figure BDA00021125901300000214
the time is predetermined for the next stage of charging the pile.
Further, in step S2, a of the function is assignedjWhen the value is less than or equal to 0, the charging pile is directly removed, if A is less than or equal to 0jIf the value is greater than 0, A is addedjThe charging pile numbers of the first five are listed as candidate charging piles from large to small.
Further, in step S3, the preferential function includes the economy b1Detour mileage b2And a desired amount of electricity b3Three factors, namely, standardizing the data with different dimensions by using a maximum and minimum method to obtain B1，B2And B3；
The expression of the distribution function is:
Figure BDA0002112590130000031
Figure BDA0002112590130000032
Figure BDA0002112590130000033
Figure BDA0002112590130000034
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002112590130000035
is a second weight value; lambda [ alpha ]fuelFuel cost per kilometer; zeta is the comprehensive conversion coefficient;
Figure BDA0002112590130000036
charging service fee for the electric vehicle in the time period;
Figure BDA0002112590130000037
the power consumption of the electric automobile i per kilometer is increased; di,jThe distance from the electric automobile i to the charging pile j is shown; dj,DIs the distance from charging pile j to destination D; di,DIs the distance from the electric vehicle i to the destination D; t ischA charging duration for the period; p is a radical offastPredicting a rated charging power for the aggregator;
Figure BDA0002112590130000038
the amount of electricity desired for the user;
Figure BDA0002112590130000039
the initial electric quantity is the user;
Figure BDA00021125901300000310
is the capacity of an automobile battery.
Further, the 24 hours of the day are divided into a plurality of time periods of fixed duration, TjqThe qth available time interval of the jth charging pile is provided, and the starting time and the ending time of each time interval are respectively
Figure BDA00021125901300000311
And
Figure BDA00021125901300000312
charging pile capable of predicting charging time TchThe concrete expression is as follows:
if the charging pile is not reserved:
Figure BDA00021125901300000313
if the charging pile is in the moment
Figure BDA00021125901300000314
Is predetermined to:
Figure BDA00021125901300000315
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA00021125901300000316
the time required for charging to the required amount of electricity;
Figure BDA00021125901300000317
the time of the departure of the electric automobile i;
Figure BDA00021125901300000318
the time is predetermined for the next stage of charging the pile.
Further, in step S3, the function B is assignediB of (A)iWhen the value is less than or equal to 0, the charging pile is directly removed, if B is less than or equal to 0iIf the value is greater than 0, B is addediThe number of the first five charging piles is listed as an optional charging pile from large to small.
Further, in step S4, if there are multiple coincidences, the subsidy cost of each coincided charging pile is adjusted through an update function, where the update function expression is:
Figure BDA0002112590130000041
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002112590130000042
j is a serial number, and is the subsidy cost corresponding to the charging pile j after the subsidy cost is updated; omega is a price updating coefficient; j is the total number of charging piles in the area;
Figure BDA0002112590130000043
the charging times are accumulated for charging pile j.
The matching system for the matching method of the electric automobile and the charging pile comprises the following steps:
the application module is used for the information transmission and exchange between the system and the vehicle owner;
the charging pile information management module is used for acquiring the state of a nearby charging pile and calculating a distribution function and a preference function;
the charging pile distribution module is used for comparing the optional charging pile number with the candidate charging pile number and outputting a comparison result to the application module;
and the scheduling module is used for updating the subsidy cost of the charging pile in real time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention distributes function AiAnd a preference function BiThe charging pile overall distribution in the region and the use experience of an electric vehicle owner are considered respectively, overall planning is carried out, the final matching result can enable the utilization rate of all charging piles in the region to tend to be average, maintenance and repair are facilitated, the service life is integrally prolonged, the benefit of the vehicle owner can be considered, and good use experience is brought. Under the realistic condition that the number of the piles is small and the number of the vehicles is large, the basic charging requirement of the electric automobile is met, the pressure of the power grid can be relieved, the safe and stable operation of the electric automobile is maintained, and the electric automobile charging system has good practical value.
2. If optional stake serial number of filling and candidate fill electric pile number have multinomial coincidence, fill electric pile through the update function with every coincidence and carry out subsidy expense adjustment, when should fill electric pile rate of utilization lower, improve subsidy expense, when the rate of utilization is high, reduce subsidy expense, guide the user, rationally select to fill electric pile to the ageing speed of balanced each stake of filling, the average allocation resource.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a round of result matching;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the matching system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic overall flow chart of the operation of the system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a virtual map;
FIG. 5 is a graph of a base subsidy cost result;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the average charging frequency of the charging piles in the original areas;
FIG. 7a is a result graph of the average usage frequency of the charging piles in each area after guidance;
FIG. 7b is the trend of the average standard deviation of the charging piles in each area after guidance;
FIG. 8 is a graph of aggregator total revenue results;
FIG. 9a is a diagram of results of an aggregator-user match;
FIG. 9b is a satisfaction trend for a user and an aggregator;
FIG. 10a is a schematic diagram of the number of successful appointments and the successful path of the user per day;
fig. 10b is a schematic diagram of the number of users' reservations failed per day and the reason for the failure.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The embodiment provides a matching method and a matching system for an electric automobile and a charging pile. The matching method specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, obtaining a use request of an electric vehicle owner, wherein the use request comprises required electric quantity, departure time and a position;
step S2, according to the use request, the function A is distributed throughjObtaining a candidate charging pile number;
step S3, passing the preferred function B according to the use requestiObtaining the number of the optional charging pile;
step S4, comparing the number of the optional charging pile with the number of the candidate charging pile:
if the unique coincident number exists, the unique coincident number is sent to the vehicle owner;
if no coincident number exists, sending matching failure information to the vehicle owner;
and if a plurality of coincident numbers exist, all the coincident numbers are sent to the vehicle owner and are selected by the vehicle owner.
One, distribution function
After an electric vehicle owner (user) agrees to use the service of the aggregator, the aggregator provides a use request of the aggregator, and the aggregator obtains the number of the candidate charging pile through a distribution function according to the information uploaded by the user.
For charging piles within an optional range, firstly considering three factors of the available condition of the charging piles, the aging degree of equipment and the response speed to establish distribution functions, and respectively using a1、a2、a3And (4) showing. Standardizing the data with different dimensions by maximum and minimum method, and using A as standard value1，A2，A3Expressed, its formula is:
Figure BDA0002112590130000051
wherein X represents a standard value and X represents a factor.
i) Charging pile availability
Dividing 24 hours of a day into a plurality of time periods of fixed duration, e.g. one period every 15min, TjqThe qth available time period of the jth charging pile is respectively the start time and the end time of the time period
Figure BDA0002112590130000061
And
Figure BDA0002112590130000062
the actual available situation of the charging pile is considered, and the actual available situation is compared with the electric quantity reported by the user, and the specific representation is as follows:
Figure BDA0002112590130000063
in the formula, xjIn the idle state of the charging pile, 1 is taken when the charging pile is available, and 0 is taken when the charging pile is occupied; p is a radical offastPredicting rated charging power for aggregators；
Figure BDA0002112590130000064
For this charging post this time period may be provided with a charging duration, taking into account whether the time period is scheduled for future discussion.
a) If the charging pile is not reserved, the charging duration table is represented as:
Figure BDA0002112590130000065
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002112590130000066
reporting the time required by the electric quantity for charging to the user (wherein
Figure BDA0002112590130000067
To predict rated charging power);
Figure BDA0002112590130000068
the time is predetermined for the next stage of charging the pile.
b) If the charging pile is in the moment
Figure BDA0002112590130000069
Is predetermined, and the charging time period thereof is expressed as:
Figure BDA00021125901300000610
the maximum value of the charging pile is 1 when the charging pile completely meets the electric quantity of a user, and the minimum value of the charging pile is preset when the charging pile is preset and is
Figure BDA00021125901300000611
The normalized expression is:
Figure BDA00021125901300000612
ii) degree of ageing of the apparatus
The frequency of use that fills electric pile needs to be considered, and each number of times of charging that fills electric pile is evenly distributed as far as possible slows down the ageing speed of its equipment, improves charge efficiency, and the concrete expression is:
Figure BDA00021125901300000613
in the formula, pchActual charging power; n is the charged number of times of the charging pile; beta is the decay exponent. The maximum and minimum values of the index are obtained through investigation and standardized to obtain:
Figure BDA00021125901300000614
iii) response speed
The system matching has short scheduling time and high frequency, so the response speed of the demand is an important measurement element, which is specifically expressed as:
Figure BDA0002112590130000071
in the formula, TijThe time from the user to the charging pile; and delta t is the scheduling time length of this time, and in the embodiment, the default time length of each time interval is 15 min.
The maximum value of the electric automobile is from the time interval to the end time, the electric automobile still does not provide service, and 1 is selected; the minimum fills electric pile promptly and need not to wait, gets 0, can obtain after standardizing it:
Figure BDA0002112590130000072
the distribution function is therefore expressed as:
Figure BDA0002112590130000073
in the formula, the specific value of the first weighted value occupied by each factor can be obtained from experience.
The system calculates the charging piles in the optional range through the distribution function, if A isjLess than or equal to 0, then should fill electric pileCannot be provided to the owner if Aj>0, then A is addedjThe charging pile numbers of the first five are listed as candidate charging piles from large to small.
Two, preferential function
Considering the influence of three factors of economy, detour mileage and expected electric quantity, establishing a preferential function, and respectively using b1，b2，b3Expressing that different dimension data are standardized by adopting a maximum and minimum method, and the standard value is B1，B2，B3And (4) showing.
i) Economy of use
Considering the travel cost per kilometer, compared to the oil price, it is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002112590130000074
in the formula, λfuelZeta is the comprehensive conversion coefficient for the fuel oil cost per kilometer,
Figure BDA0002112590130000075
charging service fee for the electric automobile in the time period,
Figure BDA0002112590130000076
the power consumption of the electric automobile is i per kilometer.
The maximum value is the fuel oil cost per kilometer, and the minimum value is the power grid electricity price lambdagridCorresponding to the total price, the following can be obtained after standardization:
Figure BDA0002112590130000077
ii) detour mileage
The detour distance has a negative effect on the user, which is specifically expressed as:
Figure BDA0002112590130000078
wherein d isi,jThe distance from the electric automobile i to the charging pile j is shown; dj,DTo be driven fromThe distance from charging pile j to destination D; di,DAs the distance from the electric vehicle i to the destination D
The maximum value of which can be empirically obtained as
Figure BDA0002112590130000079
Minimum value of 0, normalized to give:
Figure BDA0002112590130000081
iii) desired amount of electricity
In principle, the user may upload the usage request voluntarily, but still need to consider and try to meet the basic requirements, which are specifically expressed as follows:
Figure BDA0002112590130000082
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002112590130000083
the amount of electricity desired for the user;
Figure BDA0002112590130000084
the initial electric quantity is the user;
Figure BDA00021125901300000812
is the EV battery capacity; t ischAnd predicting the available charging time for the charging pile. Assuming that the charging piles provided by the aggregator are all in an open and idle state, the discussion will proceed considering whether the time period will be reserved in the future.
a) If not, the charging time period is represented as:
Figure BDA0002112590130000085
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002112590130000086
the time required for charging to the required amount of electricity; p is a radical offastPredicting rated charge for aggregatorAnd (4) rate.
b) If at the moment
Figure BDA0002112590130000087
Is predetermined, and the charging time period thereof is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002112590130000088
normalized can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002112590130000089
the user preference function is expressed as:
Figure BDA00021125901300000810
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA00021125901300000811
the specific value of the second weighted value occupied by each factor can be obtained by experience.
Distribution function BiB of (A)iWhen the value is less than or equal to 0, the charging pile is directly removed, if B is less than or equal to 0iIf the value is greater than 0, B is addediThe number of the first five charging piles is listed as an optional charging pile from large to small.
Third, match and subsidy update
The system matches the results of the candidate charging piles and the optional charging piles, and if the serial numbers are only overlapped, the user makes a reservation successfully; if the plurality of items are overlapped, the user selects the items by himself to determine the final matched charging pile; if no coincidence item exists, the user fails to make the appointment in the round. The first round of matching may exist as shown in fig. 1, and different strategies are selected according to different aggregators of the matching result.
After the first round of matching, the aggregator issues information on whether the reservation is successful to the user, and if only one coincident charging pile number exists, the number is sent out along with the reservation information. If a plurality of coincident numbers exist, the numbers are redistributed in a form of regional optimization charging and discharging subsidies, the numbers of the charging piles and the subsidy information with the third highest subsidy amount rank are returned to the user side, and the user is guided through preferential policies. The method reduces the instant impact on the power grid, enables the application range of the charging pile to be more average, and reduces the abrasion speed of the charging pile.
The system firstly works out an initial subsidy price through inductive summarization of historical data, and a target establishment function with the maximum profit is specifically represented as follows:
Figure BDA0002112590130000091
wherein M is the number of charging users in a typical day, N is the number of discharging users in a typical day, and lambdasubTo obtain the basic subsidy cost, pfastIn order to predict the rated charging power,
Figure BDA0002112590130000092
indicate this period of time of should filling electric pile can provide charge duration, lambdachargeFor charging fee, λdischIn order to be able to charge for the discharge,
Figure BDA0002112590130000093
in order to predict the rated discharge power,
Figure BDA0002112590130000094
indicate this time interval of this electric pile of should filling and can provide discharge duration.
After the basic subsidy cost is determined, in order to evenly distribute the utilization rate of each charging pile and improve the service life of each charging pile, users are guided to select more substantial charging piles to complete charging and discharging tasks through fine adjustment of the subsidy cost. Wherein the update formula of the jth charging pile subsidy cost is as follows:
Figure BDA0002112590130000095
in the formula, omega is a price updating coefficient, and reasonable selection of omega will influence the service quality and the final income; j is the polyThe total number of the charging piles owned by the contract;
Figure BDA0002112590130000096
accumulating the charging times for the charging pile j;
Figure BDA0002112590130000097
and the subsidy cost corresponding to the updated charging pile j is obtained. When this fill electric pile rate of utilization is lower, attract the user to use through the expense that improves the subsidy, on the contrary, when the rate of utilization is high, reduce and do not even provide the subsidy and avoid the user to use. And calculating subsidy cost information of all the to-be-selected charging piles by the aggregator, arranging the subsidy cost information from high to low, selecting the three highest charging piles, feeding the serial numbers and the cost of the three highest charging piles back to the user side, and finally selecting the matching result by the user.
As shown in fig. 2, the matching system includes: the application module (app center) is used for the system to transmit and exchange information with the vehicle owner; the charging pile information management module (charging pile information management center) is used for acquiring the state of a nearby charging pile and calculating an allocation function and a preference function; the charging pile distribution module (charging pile distribution center) is used for comparing the optional charging pile number with the candidate charging pile number and outputting a comparison result to the application module; and the scheduling module (scheduling center) is used for updating the subsidy cost of the charging pile in real time. The overall flow diagram of the system operation is shown in fig. 3.
Fourth, verify the example
In this embodiment, the distribution of charging/discharging service charging piles in a certain area in the shanghai is studied, and the area is divided into four small areas as shown in fig. 4 according to the traffic density.
The central urban area is denoted by Z1, the sub-central urban area is denoted by Z2, the suburban area is denoted by Z3, and the region to be developed is denoted by Z4. 200 electric automobile private charging piles are uniformly distributed in the area, and the aggregator acquires the use rights of the charging piles by signing a lease agreement with the user.
In the embodiment, when the peak time interval is set to be 6 hours-22 days, and the valley time interval is set to be 22 hours-6 days, 2 vehicles are averagely used for initiating the charging request of each charging pile every 15 minutes in the peak time interval, and 1 vehicle is averagely used for initiating the charging request of each charging pile every 15 minutes in the valley time interval. The locations of the requesting electric vehicles are normally distributed around the center, assuming a margin factor.
In order to avoid the influence of electric vehicle differences on the research, the electric vehicles used in the examples specified herein are biddidyzin pro EV500, and the specific parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 electric vehicle-related parameters
Tab.1EV technical parameters
Figure BDA0002112590130000101
The aggregator provides the charging and discharging subsidy for the user to reduce the income to some extent, but as the charging electricity price is reduced and the discharging electricity price is increased, more users are attracted to enjoy the service, and the total income is not decreased or increased, as shown in fig. 5. When the subsidy cost is set to 0.042 yuan/kW.h, the income of the aggregator reaches a saturated state, and at this time, if the subsidy cost continues to be increased, the income loophole of the aggregator cannot be complemented by increasing the user amount, and the aggregator sets the basic subsidy cost to 0.042 yuan/kW.h in order to meet the main consideration target of maximizing the self income.
When the matching method is not adopted, the average use frequency of charging piles in Z1 and Z2 areas with much traffic is obviously higher than that of charging piles in remote Z3 and Z4 areas, and particularly as shown in FIG. 6, the system does not reasonably utilize the distribution of the charging piles to the greatest extent to disperse users, so that the overall use efficiency of the charging piles is improved.
After the matching method is adopted, the average use frequency of the charging piles in each area is shown in fig. 7a, and it can be seen from the graph that the average use frequency of the areas Z2, Z3 and Z4 tends to 0.6 times per day after 20 days, and the average use frequency of the area Z1 is always higher than that of other areas due to the geographical location specificity of the area Z1 and finally tends to 0.7 times per day.
In order to better study the user selection trend, the historical average subsidy cost of the charging piles in each area is compared with the basic subsidy cost, and the standard deviation trend is shown in fig. 7 b. It can be seen that the standard deviation of the Z2 and Z3 regions tends to 0.005, the subsidy amplitude of the Z4 region is higher due to the remote location, the standard deviation tends to 0.006, the stream density of the Z1 region is high, the subsidy amplitude is smaller, and the standard deviation tends to 0.002, which does not exclude the user from giving up subsidy welfare for convenience. After the subsidy cost updating policy is used, the use frequency and the cost of the charging piles in each area can show a certain stable trend after a period of learning.
The average subsidy cost per day in each region is shown in table 2, and it can be seen that the cost of Z1 is lower than the basic subsidy cost, and is concentrated at 0.04-0.046 yuan/kilowatt hour, the cost of Z2 is maintained near the basic subsidy cost, the cost of Z3 is slightly higher than the basic subsidy cost, most of the cost is 0.052-0.053 yuan/kilowatt hour, and the cost of Z4 is the highest and can reach 0.054-0.055 yuan/kilowatt hour.
TABLE 2 regional Charge and discharge service cost distribution
Figure BDA0002112590130000111
The aggregate revenue for the aggregator is shown in figure 8. It can be seen from fig. 8 that after the subsidy policy is adopted, the income of the aggregator tends to be stable and is maintained between 49000 and 55000 yuan, and the policy brings good income for the aggregator, makes the charging pile resource distribution more uniform, prolongs the service life of the charging pile and brings extra income for the charging pile owner.
The charging pile is selected from two angles of an aggregator and users, the aggregator simulates the matching condition of the users who request the charging pile and the users through the background data of the app center, and as can be seen from fig. 9a, the number of the users who request the charging pile is 400-500 every day, the number of the users who successfully match is about 300-400, the success rate is mostly not lower than 70%, and the charging requirements of most users can be met.
Fig. 9b simulates the satisfaction degree trend of the user and the aggregator, the user satisfaction degree represents the number of preferred successes of the user, and the aggregator satisfaction degree represents the number of successful matches, so that the user satisfaction degree is higher than the aggregator satisfaction degree, because the aggregator consideration factors include the charging pile and the income thereof, and the selectable range of the charging pile is limited to some extent.
In order to further understand the preference factors of the users and summarize the success experience, the aggregator draws failed training and performs simulation analysis on the successful and failed users. Fig. 10a simulates the successful number of reservations and the successful approach of the users each day, and it can be seen that the number of unique charging pile numbers obtained by matching the user preference function with the aggregator distribution function in the first round is a small part, and most users select the final charging pile through guidance of the subsidy cost in a plurality of selectable ranges in the second round, which also proves the necessity and feasibility of the subsidy mechanism. Fig. 10b simulates the number of users who fail to reserve and the reasons for the failures each day, wherein more than 70% of the failure reasons are users who fail to select the best, and a small number of users cannot reserve the charging pile due to the failure of matching, which indicates that the geographic distribution of the charging pile may need to be further adjusted to avoid the failure of users in the first round of selecting the best.
According to the above embodiment, the timeliness and effectiveness of the method provided by the invention can be seen.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims (7)

1. A matching method for an electric automobile and a charging pile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, obtaining a use request of an electric vehicle owner, wherein the use request comprises required electric quantity, departure time and the position;
s2, according to the use request, the function A is distributedjObtaining a candidate charging pile number;
s3, passing through a preference function B according to the use requestiObtaining the number of the optional charging pile;
s4, comparing the number of the optional charging pile with the number of the candidate charging pile:
if the unique coincident number exists, the unique coincident number is sent to the vehicle owner;
if no coincident number exists, sending matching failure information to the vehicle owner;
if a plurality of coincident numbers exist, all the coincident numbers are sent to the vehicle owner and are selected by the vehicle owner;
in step S2, the distribution function includes the available condition a1Degree of aging of the apparatus a2And response speed a3Three factors, namely, standardizing the three factors of different dimensional data by a maximum and minimum method to obtain A1，A2And A3；
The expression of the distribution function is:
Figure FDA0002509174120000011
Figure FDA0002509174120000012
Figure FDA0002509174120000013
Figure FDA0002509174120000014
wherein, the weight value is a first weight value; x is the number ofjIn the idle state of the charging pile, 1 is taken when the charging pile is available, and 0 is taken when the charging pile is occupied;
Figure FDA0002509174120000015
the charging time can be provided for the charging pile; p is a radical offastTo predict the rated charging power; qofferThe available charge quantity is the available charge quantity of the charging pile; p is a radical ofchActual charging power; n is the charged number of times of the charging pile; beta is a decay exponent; t isijThe time for driving to the charging pile; delta t is the scheduling time length of the time; t isjqThe qth available time period for the jth charging pile; t isi EThe departure time of the vehicle;
Figure FDA0002509174120000016
is the start time of the qth time period;
in step S3, the preference function includes an economy b1Detour mileage b2And a desired amount of electricity b3Three factors, namely, standardizing the data with different dimensions by using a maximum and minimum method to obtain B1，B2And B3；
The expression of the distribution function is:
Figure FDA0002509174120000017
Figure FDA0002509174120000018
Figure FDA0002509174120000021
Figure FDA0002509174120000022
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002509174120000023
is a second weight value; lambda [ alpha ]fuelFuel cost per kilometer; zeta is the comprehensive conversion coefficient;
Figure FDA0002509174120000024
charging service fee for the electric vehicle in the time period;
Figure FDA0002509174120000025
is an electric steamPower consumption of the vehicle i per kilometer; di,jThe distance from the electric automobile i to the charging pile j is shown; dj,DIs the distance from charging pile j to destination D; di,DIs the distance from the electric vehicle i to the destination D; t ischA charging duration for the period; p is a radical offastPredicting a rated charging power for the aggregator;
Figure FDA0002509174120000026
the amount of electricity desired for the user;
Figure FDA0002509174120000027
the initial electric quantity is the user;
Figure FDA0002509174120000028
is the capacity of an automobile battery.
2. The matching method for electric vehicles and charging piles according to claim 1, wherein 24 hours of a day is divided into a plurality of time periods of fixed duration, TjqThe qth available time interval of the jth charging pile is provided, and the starting time and the ending time of each time interval are respectively
Figure FDA0002509174120000029
And
Figure FDA00025091741200000210
it is long when charging to fill electric pile can provide to charge
Figure FDA00025091741200000211
The specific expression is as follows:
if the charging pile is not reserved:
Figure FDA00025091741200000212
if the charging pile is in the moment
Figure FDA00025091741200000213
Is predetermined to:
Figure FDA00025091741200000214
in the formula, Ti offerThe time required for charging to the required amount of electricity;
Figure FDA00025091741200000215
the time is predetermined for the next stage of charging the pile.
3. The matching method for electric vehicles and charging piles according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, a of the distribution function isjWhen the value is less than or equal to 0, the charging pile is directly removed, if A is less than or equal to 0jIf the value is greater than 0, A is addedjThe charging pile numbers of the first five are listed as candidate charging piles from large to small.
4. The matching method for electric vehicles and charging piles according to claim 1, wherein 24 hours of a day is divided into a plurality of time periods of fixed duration, TjqThe qth available time interval of the jth charging pile is provided, and the starting time and the ending time of each time interval are respectively
Figure FDA00025091741200000216
And
Figure FDA00025091741200000217
charging pile capable of predicting charging time TchThe concrete expression is as follows:
if the charging pile is not reserved:
Figure FDA00025091741200000218
if the charging pile is in the moment
Figure FDA00025091741200000219
Is predetermined to:
Figure FDA0002509174120000031
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002509174120000032
the time required for charging to the required amount of electricity; t isi EThe time of the departure of the electric automobile i;
Figure FDA0002509174120000033
the moment is preset for the next stage of charging pile; t isijFor driving to the time of charging pile.
5. The matching method for electric vehicles and charging piles according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the function B is assignediB of (A)iWhen the value is less than or equal to 0, the charging pile is directly removed, if B is less than or equal to 0iIf the value is greater than 0, B is addediThe number of the charging piles of the first five is arranged from big to small, and the charging piles are listed as alternative charging piles.
6. The matching method for electric vehicles and charging piles according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, if there are multiple coincidences, the subsidy cost of each coincided charging pile is adjusted through an update function, and the update function expression is:
Figure FDA0002509174120000034
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002509174120000035
j is a serial number, and is the subsidy cost corresponding to the charging pile j after the subsidy cost is updated; omega is a price updating coefficient; j is the total number of charging piles in the area;
Figure FDA0002509174120000036
accumulating the charging times for the charging pile j; lambda [ alpha ]subTo obtain the basic subsidy cost.
7. The management system for the matching method of the electric vehicle and the charging pile according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising:
the application module is used for the information transmission and exchange between the system and the vehicle owner;
the charging pile information management module is used for acquiring the state of a nearby charging pile and calculating a distribution function and a preference function;
the charging pile distribution module is used for comparing the optional charging pile number with the candidate charging pile number and outputting a comparison result to the application module;
and the scheduling module is used for updating the subsidy cost of the charging pile in real time.
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