CN110277969A - A kind of quantum parameters amplifier - Google Patents
A kind of quantum parameters amplifier Download PDFInfo
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- CN110277969A CN110277969A CN201910525439.9A CN201910525439A CN110277969A CN 110277969 A CN110277969 A CN 110277969A CN 201910525439 A CN201910525439 A CN 201910525439A CN 110277969 A CN110277969 A CN 110277969A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F7/00—Parametric amplifiers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of quantum parameters amplifiers, including for forming oscillator-amplification circuit first capacitor module, transmission-type microwave cavity, the second capacitance module and controllable impedance superconducting quantum interference device, first capacitor module, transmission-type microwave cavity and the second capacitance module are sequentially connected, and superconducting quantum interference device one end is connected to the middle part of transmission-type microwave cavity, other end ground connection；Oscillator-amplification circuit amplifies signal to be amplified under the action of pump signal, and generates several idler, further includes voltage modulation circuit, is arranged in superconducting quantum interference device close to transmission-type microwave cavity one end；Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) device can discharge at least one idler generated in oscillator-amplification circuit under the action of the bias voltage that voltage modulation circuit provides, and the frequency that quantum parameters amplifier of the present invention is in the pump signal of optimum working mode is not necessarily to be selected as the frequency multiplication of frequency signal to be amplified.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to signal amplifier field, especially a kind of quantum parameters amplifier.
Background technique
In quantum calculation field, the operation result of quantum chip in order to obtain, it would be desirable to the output of quantum chip
Signal, that is, quantum bit reads signal and is acquired and analyzes, and usual quantum bit reading signal is very faint, generally requires
Quantum bit is read in the outlet line of signal plus casacade multi-amplifier is to improve signal strength, in general, the amplifier of prime is adopted
With quantum parameter amplifier.When quantum parameters amplifier operation, down to the level close to quantum limit, this is exactly subsidiary noise
The origin of its title.
Existing quantum parameter amplifier is worked based on non-linear frequency mixing principle, in order to which quantum bit is effectively read signal
Amplify so that quantum parameters amplifier operation optimal mode need it is additional apply frequency and frequency signal to be amplified or
The close pump signal of its frequency multiplication, for example, the corresponding pump signal applied close to it is signal to be amplified it is corresponding be that four-wave mixing works
Mode, it is three wave mixing operating mode that the pump signal of application is corresponding close to twice of frequency signal to be amplified.
Current problem is, existing quantum parameters amplifier is under optimum working mode, i.e. the frequency of pump signal
The frequency multiplication that must be chosen to frequency signal to be amplified, there are frequencies extremely close to frequency signal to be amplified in the signal of output
Irrelevant signal, these irrelevant signals get too close to signal to be amplified to be difficult to eliminate by filter, their meetings due to frequency
It interferes quantum bit to read the demodulating process of signal, and then leads to demodulation fidelity and the demodulation efficiency of quantum chip operation result
It is greatly reduced.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of quantum parameters amplifiers, to solve deficiency in the prior art, so that quantum
The frequency that parameter amplifier is in the pump signal of optimum working mode is not necessarily to be selected as the frequency multiplication of frequency signal to be amplified.
The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of quantum parameters amplifier, the quantum parameters amplifier include the first electricity for forming oscillator-amplification circuit
Molar block, transmission-type microwave cavity, the second capacitance module and controllable impedance superconducting quantum interference device；The first capacitor
Module, the transmission-type microwave cavity and second capacitance module are sequentially connected, and the Superconducting Quantum of the controllable impedance is dry
It relates to device one end and is connected to the middle part of the transmission-type microwave cavity, other end ground connection；And it can be by adjusting the adjustable electric
The inductance of the superconducting quantum interference device of sense makes the resonance frequency of the transmission-type microwave cavity be equal to frequency signal to be amplified
Rate, in which: it is described it is signal to be amplified the oscillator-amplification circuit is coupled into from the first capacitor module, the oscillation is put
Circuit amplifies described signal to be amplified under the action of pump signal greatly, and generates several idler；
The quantum parameters amplifier further includes voltage modulation circuit；
The superconducting quantum interference device that the controllable impedance is arranged in the voltage modulation circuit declines close to the transmission
Wave resonance chamber one end；
The superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) device of the controllable impedance can be in the bias voltage that the voltage modulation circuit provides
At least one idler generated in the oscillator-amplification circuit is discharged under effect.
Further, the superconducting quantum interference device of the controllable impedance includes the superconductive quantum interference of Mutual Inductance Coupling connection
Instrument and Flux modulation circuit；
The superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) is the closed-loop device being made of several Josephson junction parallel connections；
The Flux modulation circuit is used to adjust the Superconducting Quantum by the magnetic flux for adjusting the closed-loop device
The inductance of interferometer.
Further, the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) is the closed-loop device being made of two Josephson junction parallel connections.
Further, the Flux modulation circuit includes sequentially connected Flux modulation line and for generating bias current
Current device；
Wherein: the Flux modulation line is used for transmission the bias current, and makes the bias current and the superconduction amount
Sub- interferometer Mutual Inductance Coupling.
Further, the Flux modulation line is co-planar waveguide microstrip transmission line.
Further, the current device is current source or sequentially connected can provide the voltage of the bias current
Source and resistance.
Further, for amplifying the pump signal signal to be amplified from the first capacitor module or the magnetic
Logical modulation circuit is coupled into the oscillator-amplification circuit.
Further, the first capacitor module and second capacitance module are respectively interdigital capacitor, distributed capacitor
It is one of with run-in index capacitor.
Further, it is the coplanar of the wavelength half signal to be amplified that the transmission-type microwave cavity, which is length,
Waveguide microwave resonant cavity.
Further, the transmission-type microwave cavity is the coplanar of wavelength a quarter signal to be amplified by a pair of of length
Waveguide microwave resonant cavity connects to be formed.
Further, the quantum parameters amplifier further includes filter；
The one end of second capacitance module far from the transmission-type microwave cavity is arranged in the filter.
Compared with prior art, the present invention provides a kind of quantum parameters amplifiers, including for forming oscillation amplification electricity
The first capacitor module on road, transmission-type microwave cavity, the second capacitance module, controllable impedance superconducting quantum interference device and electricity
Press modulation circuit；The first capacitor module, the transmission-type microwave cavity and second capacitance module are sequentially connected, institute
The superconducting quantum interference device one end for stating controllable impedance is connected to the middle part of the transmission-type microwave cavity, other end ground connection,
The superconducting quantum interference device of the controllable impedance is arranged in close to the transmission-type microwave cavity in the voltage modulation circuit
One end；Inductance by adjusting the superconducting quantum interference device of the controllable impedance makes the humorous of the transmission-type microwave cavity
Vibration frequency is equal to frequency signal to be amplified so that signal to be amplified and pump signal in transmission-type microwave cavity into
Row nonlinear interaction amplify in turn it is signal to be amplified, after signal to be amplified and pump signal carries out nonlinear interaction,
Include not only signal to be amplified in output signal, further include various idler fi, when applying bias voltage, so that quantum is joined
The pump signal frequency fb that amount amplifier is in optimum working mode is not necessarily to be selected as the frequency multiplication of fs signal to be amplified, thus elected
The pump signal frequency selected and frequency signal to be amplified have can be split by filter at a distance from when, each ideler frequency letter of output
At a distance from number fi also has with fs signal to be amplified and can be split by filter, the present invention is made by setting voltage modulation circuit
The operating mode adjusting for obtaining quantum parameters amplifier is no longer only limited by pump signal, but passes through voltage modulation circuit and provide
Voltage bias and pump signal adjust together, when selecting suitable bias voltage and pump signal, can quantum be joined
What each irrelevant signal generated in amount amplifier can be split with the holding signal to be amplified on frequency spectrum by filter
Distance, and then these irrelevant signals can be eliminated, improve the reading fidelity that quantum parameters amplifier reads signal to quantum bit
Degree.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of quantum parameters amplifier provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of circuit diagram of quantum parameters amplifier provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of circuit diagram for quantum parameters amplifier that another embodiment of the invention provides.
Specific embodiment
The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary, for explaining only the invention, and cannot be construed to
Limitation of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, the embodiment provides a kind of quantum parameters amplifier, the quantum parameters amplifier includes
For forming the first capacitor module 100 of oscillator-amplification circuit, transmission-type microwave cavity 200, the second capacitance module 300 and can
Adjust the superconducting quantum interference device 400 of inductance；The first capacitor module 100, the transmission-type microwave cavity 200 and described
Second capacitance module 300 is sequentially connected, and 400 one end of superconducting quantum interference device of the controllable impedance is connected to the transmission-type
The middle part of microwave cavity 200, other end ground connection；And the superconducting quantum interference device 400 of the adjusting controllable impedance can be passed through
Inductance make the transmission-type microwave cavity 200 resonance frequency be equal to frequency signal to be amplified, in which: it is described to be amplified
Signal is coupled into the oscillator-amplification circuit from the first capacitor module 100, and the oscillator-amplification circuit is believed in pumping
Amplify described signal to be amplified under the action of number, and generates several idler；The quantum parameters amplifier further includes electricity
Press modulation circuit 500；The superconducting quantum interference device 500 that the controllable impedance is arranged in the voltage modulation circuit 500 is close
Described 200 one end of transmission-type microwave cavity；The superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) device 400 of the controllable impedance can be in the voltage tune
At least one idler that will be generated in the oscillator-amplification circuit under the action of the bias voltage that circuit 500 processed provides
Release.
Compared with prior art, the present invention provides a kind of quantum parameters amplifiers, including for forming oscillation amplification electricity
The first capacitor module 100 on road, transmission-type microwave cavity 200, the second capacitance module 300, the Superconducting Quantum of controllable impedance are dry
Relate to device 400 and voltage modulation circuit 500；The first capacitor module 100, the transmission-type microwave cavity 200 and described
Second capacitance module 300 is sequentially connected, and 400 one end of superconducting quantum interference device of the controllable impedance is connected to the transmission-type
The superconduction amount of the controllable impedance is arranged in the middle part of microwave cavity 200, other end ground connection, the voltage modulation circuit 500
Sub- interference device 400 is close to described 200 one end of transmission-type microwave cavity；It is dry by the Superconducting Quantum for adjusting the controllable impedance
The inductance for relating to device 400 makes the resonance frequency of the transmission-type microwave cavity 200 be equal to frequency signal to be amplified, thus
So that signal to be amplified and pump signal carries out nonlinear interaction and then is amplified in the transmission-type microwave cavity 200
It is signal to be amplified, it not only include to be amplified after signal to be amplified and pump signal carries out nonlinear interaction, in output signal
Signal further includes various idler fi, when applying bias voltage, so that quantum parameters amplifier is in optimum working mode
Pump signal frequency fpWithout being selected as f signal to be amplifiedsFrequency multiplication, thus when selection pump signal frequency with it is to be amplified
Signal frequency have can by filter split apart from when, each idler f of outputiAlso all with f signal to be amplifiedsTool
There is the distance that can be split by filter, the present invention is by setting voltage modulation circuit 500, so that the work of quantum parameters amplifier
Mode tuning is no longer only limited by pump signal, but passes through the voltage bias and pump signal one of voltage modulation circuit offer
It rises and adjusts, when selecting suitable bias voltage and pump signal, each generated in quantum parameters amplifier can be made
At a distance from irrelevant signal can be split with the holding signal to be amplified on frequency spectrum by filter, and then these nothings can be eliminated
OFF signal improves the reading fidelity that quantum parameters amplifier reads signal to quantum bit.
It should be noted that in quantum calculation field, the operation result of quantum chip in order to obtain, it would be desirable to amount
Signal, that is, quantum bit of sub- chip output reads signal and is acquired and analyzes, by taking superconductive quantum bit system as an example, quantum
Bit reads detectable signal usually in 4-8GHz frequency range, and power is down to -140dBm hereinafter, even up to -150dBm or less.Consider
The coupling efficiency of detector is read to quantum bit detectable signal and quantum bit, the power of -150dBm to -140dBm is corresponding to be visited
The photon numbers surveyed inside device are about 1-10 or so.So faint detectable signal, after detector is spread out of again,
Can also additionally it incur loss.Therefore, the application of quantum chip, the key problem for needing to solve first is that how from so it is faint
Quantum bit reads in signal and extracts effective quantum state information.
Assuming that the quantum bit that eventually off quantum bit reads detector, which reads signal, has 10 useful photons, they
It will enter in subsequent route, mix with thermal noise, electrical noise etc..Wherein, the thermal noise of standard meets thermodynamics distribution, can
To useIt is converted into number of photons n, k in above formulaBFor Boltzmann constant, T is that frequency is ambient noise at f
Temperature, h are Planck's constant.Assuming that quantum chip is in 10mK temperature environment, then according to above formula, n can be ignored not less than 0.1
Meter, still, the reception system that quantum bit reads signal are located at room temperature, and n is about 1000, if quantum bit reading signal is straight
It connects outflow to come, then can be submerged in noise.It therefore, the use of parameter amplifier is necessary.
Any amplifier all can extraly introduce noise while amplifying original signal.We usually with noise etc.
Temperature, that is, noise are imitated to measure, the index is bigger, then noise is poorer.Amplifier is bound to deteriorate signal-to-noise ratio, therefore, puts
The setting of big device should raise the gain of amplifier as much as possible, while controlling the noise temperature of amplifier.
Noise temperature equally meetsTherefore, it is making an uproar for f that we, which can convert noise temperature to frequency,
Acousto-optic subnumber.And signal-to-noise ratio can be described as, the ratio of signal number of photons and noise light subnumber.
Commercial amplifier at present, the performance low-noise amplifier that most preferably Sweden LNF company produces, can amplify 4-
The signal of 8GHz frequency range, noise temperature about 3K.It is measured with this, noise light subnumber is about 10, therefore most using commercial amplifiers
The signal-to-noise ratio that can be obtained greatly is about 1, and best quantum parametric amplifier can achieve the noise level of standard quantum limit,
Namely n=0.5.In general, n is fluctuated within 0.5-2.Therefore, usage amount subparameter amplifier can make the noise of system
Than the promotion for having 5-20 times or so.
Although quantum parametric amplifier by way of greatly improving signal-to-noise ratio, is solved from so faint quantum bit
The problem of extracting effective quantum state information in signal is read, but brings new problem.Existing quantum parameters amplification
Device is worked based on non-linear frequency mixing principle, in order to effectively amplify quantum bit reading signal, so that quantum parameters are put
The big device work pump signal close in the additional application frequency of optimal mode needs and frequency signal to be amplified or its frequency multiplication, example
Such as corresponding pump signal applied close to it is signal to be amplified it is corresponding be four-wave mixing operating mode, the pump signal of application approaches
Corresponding twice of frequency signal to be amplified is three wave mixing operating mode.
During existing quantum parameters amplifier operation, f signal to be amplified is inputtedsWith pump signal fp, signal to be amplified
fsIn pump signal fpUnder the action of amplify, export signal to be amplified, while being based on non-linear frequency mixing principle, in output signal also
Including various idler fi, f signal to be amplifieds, pump signal fpAnd idler fiBetween will meet formula: mfs+nfi
=lfp, in which: m, n and l are integer, when m, n and l take different numerical value, obtain different idler fi.Meanwhile it is to be amplified
Signal fsOr pump signal fpInside quantum parameters amplifier also some signals, these signals can be generated based on Nonlinear Principle
Comprising in the output signal, it is also possible to which will affect in output signal signal to be amplified is accurately acquired.Existing quantum
At work, pump signal frequency must choose the frequency multiplication of amplified signal frequency to parameter amplifier, could obtain optimal amplification
Effect, such as when quantum parameter amplifier is in four-wave mixing operating mode, i.e. pump signal fpFrequency selection purposes are close to wait put
Big signal fsFrequency, the f in idlerp、2fp-fs、2fs-fpBecause close to f signal to be amplifiedsAnd it influences signal to be amplified
Acquisition；When quantum parameter amplifier is in three wave mixing operating mode, i.e. pump signal fpFrequency selection purposes are close to 2 times wait put
Big signal fsFrequency, the 1/2f in idlerp、fp-fsBecause close to f signal to be amplifiedsAnd influence signal to be amplified obtain
It takes.
Specifically, referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the embodiment of the present invention one provides a kind of quantum parameters amplifier, the quantum ginseng
Amount amplifier includes sequentially connected for forming first capacitor module 100, the transmission-type microwave cavity of oscillator-amplification circuit
200, the superconducting quantum interference device 400 of the second capacitance module 300 and controllable impedance, the superconductive quantum interference of the controllable impedance
400 device one end of device is connected to the middle part of the transmission-type microwave cavity 200, other end ground connection；And it can be by adjusting institute
State the superconducting quantum interference device 400 of controllable impedance inductance make the transmission-type microwave cavity 200 frequency be equal to
The frequency of amplified signal, in which: described signal to be amplified oscillation amplification to be coupled into from the first capacitor module 100
Circuit, the oscillator-amplification circuit amplify described signal to be amplified under the action of pump signal, and generate several ideler frequency letter
Number.
It should be noted that each described idler is all satisfied following formula:
mfs+nfi=lfp
Wherein: m, n, l are integer, fsFor frequency signal to be amplified, fpFor pump signal frequency, fiFor idler frequency,
It should be noted that above formula is based on non-linear frequency mixing principle, as f signal to be amplifiedsWith pump signal fpWhen determining, m, n and
L takes different numerical value, will obtain various idler fi。
Wherein, the first capacitor module 100 is used to be coupled into transmission-type microwave cavity 200 for signal to be amplified
In, second capacitance module 300 is used for output signal, it should be noted that usual microwave cavity must connect with external circuit
Connecing composition microwave system could work, it is necessary to and it is motivated to establish in chamber by the microwave signal in external circuit and be vibrated, and the vibration in chamber
It swings and must can be just output to by coupling in extraneous load, generally use capacitance module and coupled with microwave cavity foundation, this
Interdigital capacitor, distributed capacitor can be selected in first capacitor module described in embodiment 100 and second capacitance module 300 respectively
Or run-in index capacitor, the present invention for the first capacitor module 100 and second capacitance module 300 concrete form not
It is limited.
It should be noted that oscillator-amplification circuit is the common structure of signal amplification sector, it is the pass of many electronic equipments
Key member, the usual form of expression of oscillator-amplification circuit are LC oscillating circuit, and capacitor and inductance including interconnection, it both can be used
In the signal for generating specific frequency, it is also used for isolating the signal of specific frequency from more complicated signal.It is led in quantum calculation
Domain, the in order to obtain operation result of quantum chip, it would be desirable to which signal is read to signal, that is, quantum bit of quantum chip output
It is acquired and analyzes, usual quantum bit reading signal is very faint, needs to carry out signal amplification, since quantum bit is read
Signal belongs to high-frequency signal, and wavelength is very short, and the capacitor and inductor device-structure dimensions used due to the LC oscillating circuit of lump
Larger and LC oscillating circuit energy is Dispersed precipitate in surrounding space, and dissipative velocity is very fast, therefore we must make
With the quantum parameters amplifier for being used in quantum regime.
In general, quantum parameters amplifier includes sequentially connected capacitor, microwave cavity, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and use
In the magnetic flux bias set circuti of modulation superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) is grounded far from one end of resonant cavity,
Basic principle is as follows: using the exchange electric forming inductance generated in superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), LC oscillating circuit is constituted with capacitor, from
And a single-mode field is constructed in microwave cavity, signal to be amplified and pump signal faint at this time enters device jointly
In, it is signal to be amplified in microwave cavity to be amplified, while whole process is all in superconducting state, almost without dissipation.
Wherein: it should be noted that the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) is the closed loop being made of several Josephson junction parallel connections
Device, in which: Josephson junction is generally made of two pieces of superconductor folders with certain very thin barrier layer, such as S (superconductor)-
I (semiconductor or insulator)-S (superconductor) structure, abbreviation SIS, in SIS, superelectron can be from one of superconductor
Side tunnels through semiconductor or insulator reaches the superconductor or Josephson effect of the other side, and the electric current of generation is known as
Josephson current just constitutes Josephson's interferometer when multiple Josephson junctions are joined together to form closed-loop device,
Or superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID).
The quantum parameters amplifier further includes voltage modulation circuit 500；The voltage modulation circuit 500 is arranged described
The superconducting quantum interference device 400 of controllable impedance is close to described 200 one end of transmission-type microwave cavity；The controllable impedance surpasses
The oscillation is put under the action of leading the bias voltage that quantum inteferometer device 400 can be provided in the voltage modulation circuit 500
One of idler release generated in big circuit.
It should be noted that passing through the electricity of Josephson junction when applying voltage bias at superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) both ends
Stream is the oscillation supercurrent an of alternation, and frequency of oscillation (or Josephson's frequency) will be directly proportional to the bias voltage, this
So that Josephson junction has the ability of radiation or electromagnetic wave absorption, meet following relational expression:
2eV=hf
Wherein: h is Planck's constant.
Since the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) device being made of several Josephson junction parallel connections has the ability of electromagnetic wave absorption,
When applying voltage bias on the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) device 400 in the controllable impedance, electric current library that Josephson ties
Uncle is grounded outflow to the energy tunnelling Josephson junction that will absorb microwave signal, when selecting suitable voltage bias, so that closing
It is the frequency that f is equal to one of idler that oscillator-amplification circuit generates in formula 2eV=hf, is generated in oscillator-amplification circuit
The idler will be completely absorbed, show as the idler and be released.
It should be noted that workflow of the invention is as follows, by the superconductive quantum interference for adjusting the controllable impedance
The inductance of instrument 400, so that the resonant frequency of operation of the transmission-type microwave cavity 200 is consistent with frequency signal to be amplified,
So that signal to be amplified best in the 200 interior resonance amplification effect of transmission-type microwave cavity, by signal to be amplified and
Pump signal is coupled into the transmission-type microwave cavity 200, signal to be amplified to put under the action of pump signal
It greatly, further include pump signal, half frequency pump signal, frequency multiplication pump it should be noted that not only including amplified signal in output signal
Pu signal and various idlers, when applying suitable voltage bias at this time, so that meet relational expression 2eV=hf, wherein f etc.
The idler generated in the frequency of one of idler, the oscillator-amplification circuit will be completely absorbed, performance
It is released for the idler.
It should be noted that quantum parameters amplifier of the present invention is before operation, various parameters, including selection electricity need to be designed
Pressure biasing size and pump signal frequency, final purpose of the invention first is that make output irrelevant signal in will not
It is interfered to signal to be amplified, even if also they can be split by filter, a kind of specific example is provided here, when wait put
When big signal frequency is 4GHz, can design one of idler first is 2GHz, is calculated by relational expression 2eV=hf
Voltage bias out, further according to formula mfs+nfi=lfpOne of possible pump signal frequency is calculated, for example, take m,
N, when l is 1, selection pump signal frequency is 6GHz, at this point, further according to formula mfs+nfi=lfpConsider other possible ideler frequencies
When signal, it can be proved that work as m, when n and l take different numerical value, obtained idler fiIt will not be to f signal to be amplifiedsIt causes
Interference.Following table gives when frequency signal to be amplified is 4GHz, pump signal frequency is 6GHz, generation with it is signal to be amplified
fs8 kinds of closest idler f of frequencyi。
Table 1:8 kind idler fi
| m | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 |
| l | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 |
| n | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 |
| fi | 2GHz | 10GHz | -10Ghz | -2GHz | -2GHz | 10GHz | -10GHz | 2GHz |
As seen from the above table, generation with f signal to be amplifieds8 kinds of closest idler f of frequencyiWith letter to be amplified
Number fsCertain distance is kept, then other idlers f generatediIt will not be to f signal to be amplifiedsIt interferes.
Traditional quantum parameters amplifier there is a further problem, when practical quantum chip operation, it would be desirable to simultaneously
A large amount of quantum bit signal is read, the quantum state information of each quantum bit carries outflow, frequency by an independent signal
Rate and the frequency of the quantum state information carrying signal of other quantum bits are different.Simultaneously read multiple quantum bits it is meant that
Simultaneously have it is multiple carry the signal to be amplified of information, need by quantum parametric amplifier.Wherein each signal exists for they
While obtaining amplification effect, a large amount of irrelevant signal can be all generated, and wherein at least one irrelevant signal is waited for itself
The signal of amplification is close.In addition to this, the irrelevant signal of some generation signal to be amplified, it is likely that extraly wait putting with another
The frequency of big signal is close.
Specifically, for example: inputting the f signal to be amplified of traditional quantum parameters amplifiersFrequency be respectively 6.4GHz
With 6.58GHz (at a distance of 0.18GHz, filter is detachable), traditional quantum parameters amplifier pumping signal fpFrequency can set
It is calculated as 6.5GHz, corresponds to four-wave mixing operating mode, then according to formula mfs+nfi=lfp, the amplified signal f of 6.4GHzs
One of idler fiFor 6.6GHz, it will influence 6.58GHz signal (at a distance of 0.02GHz, being difficult to split).
And when using quantum parameters amplifier of the invention, by designing an idler, such as 4GHz, according to 4GHz
Signal and 6.4GHz amplified signal fsDesign pump signal fpFor 5.2GHz and bias voltage, it is known that according to this
The pump signal f of 5.2GHzpRespectively with the amplified signal f of 6.4GHz and 6.58GHzsSignal mixer action, obtained all ideler frequencies
Signal fiWith the amplified signal f of 6.4GHz and 6.58GhzsKeep detachable distance.
Further, the superconducting quantum interference device 400 of the controllable impedance includes the Superconducting Quantum of Mutual Inductance Coupling connection
Interferometer 410 and Flux modulation circuit 420, specifically may refer to Fig. 2；The superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) 410 is by several about plucked instrument
The gloomy knot of the husband closed-loop device in parallel constituted；The Flux modulation circuit 420 is used for the magnetic flux by adjusting the closed-loop device
And then adjust the inductance of the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) 410.
The Flux modulation circuit 420 includes sequentially connected Flux modulation line and the electric current dress for generating bias current
It sets；Wherein: the Flux modulation line is used for transmission the bias current, and makes the bias current and the superconductive quantum interference
410 Mutual Inductance Coupling of instrument.
It should be noted that the current device for generating bias current can be current source or be successively to connect
What is connect can provide the voltage source and resistance of the bias current, and the present invention is without restriction for the concrete form of current source.
Further, it is the coplanar of wavelength half signal to be amplified that the transmission-type microwave cavity 200, which is length,
Waveguide microwave resonant cavity uses length for the co-planar waveguide microwave cavity of the half of wavelength signal to be amplified, due to two
The electric field strength highest point of/mono- wavelength co-planar waveguide microwave cavity is located at close to the first capacitor module 100
One end of one end and close second capacitance module 300, and the electric field in middle position is almost 0, introduces direct current here
Pressure biasing will not impact the microwave in the transmission-type microwave cavity 200, and output signal will be from close to described the
One end of two capacitance modules 300 exports, and signal to be amplified in compacting most strength using quarter-wave reflection type resonant cavity
Amplify difference, using half wavelength co-planar waveguide microwave cavity, it is signal to be amplified will be in the transmission-type resonance
The most weak place of signal absorption amplifies in chamber 200, to improve signal gain amplifier.
Preferably, as shown in Fig. 2, the transmission-type microwave cavity 200 can be wave signal to be amplified by a pair of of length
The co-planar waveguide microwave cavity 210 of long a quarter, which is connected, to be formed.
It should be noted that co-planar waveguide is prepared on three parallel metal foils of dielectric layer surface in microwave regime
Film conduction band layer, wherein centrally located conduction band layer is used for transmission microwave signal, the conduction band layer of two sides is all connected to ground level, with one
As the maximum difference of circuit be that co-planar waveguide is a kind of distributed circuit elements, capacitive/inductive/impedance/impedance equably edge
Co-planar waveguide signal propagation direction distribution, co-planar waveguide propagate be TEM wave, along signal propagation direction, the impedance of waveguide
Equal everywhere, because signal reflex may be not present, signal almost can nondestructively pass through；In addition, the not cut-off frequency of co-planar waveguide,
And there is cutoff frequency in common lumped circuitry.For co-planar waveguide uniform for one section, most frequency ranges it is micro-
Wave signal can transmit unblockedly, thus be called transmission line, i.e. coplanar waveguide transmission line.When the coplanar wave guide transmission of design
Line has certain length, and constructs a capacitive node respectively at the both ends of coplanar waveguide transmission line, and microwave signal encounters node
Back reflection forms resonance in this section of transmission line, constitutes resonant cavity.
Preferably, coplanar waveguide transmission line can also be used in the Flux modulation line for being used for transmission the bias current.
Further, referring to Fig. 3, in order to filter out the irrelevant signal in output signal other than amplified signal, in institute
The signal output end for stating the second capacitance module 300 is additionally provided with filter 600, wherein irrelevant signal generally refers to pumping letter
Number, half frequency pump signal, frequency multiplication pump signal and various idlers.
It should be noted that existing quantum parameter amplifier, only when pump signal frequency is equal to frequency signal to be amplified
Integral multiple when, be just able to achieve maximum amplification effect.Under corresponding three wave mixing operating mode, pump signal frequency is equal to wait put
Big signal frequency.Under four-wave mixing operating mode, pump signal frequency is equal to twice of frequency signal to be amplified.Three wave mixing work
Pump signal and the bad differentiation of amplified signal under operation mode, in output signal.And under four-wave mixing operating mode, output signal
In half frequency pump signal and the bad differentiation of amplified signal.Using a kind of quantum parameters amplifier of the present invention, quantum parameters amplification
The operating mode adjusting of device is no longer only limited by pump signal, but is adjusted together by voltage modulation circuit and pump signal
Section, when selecting suitable bias voltage and pump signal, each that can to generate in quantum parameters amplifier is unrelated
At a distance from signal can be split with the holding signal to be amplified on frequency spectrum by filter, and then rear class filtering device can be used
These irrelevant signals are easily eliminated, the reading fidelity that quantum parameters amplifier reads signal to quantum bit is improved.
Structure, feature and effect of the invention, the above institute are described in detail based on the embodiments shown in the drawings
Only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is stated, but the present invention does not limit the scope of implementation as shown in the drawings, it is all according to structure of the invention
Think made change or equivalent example modified to equivalent change, when not going beyond the spirit of the description and the drawings,
It should all be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of quantum parameters amplifier, which is characterized in that the quantum parameters amplifier includes for forming oscillation amplification electricity
The first capacitor module on road, transmission-type microwave cavity, the second capacitance module and controllable impedance superconducting quantum interference device；Institute
First capacitor module, the transmission-type microwave cavity and second capacitance module is stated to be sequentially connected, the controllable impedance
Superconducting quantum interference device one end is connected to the middle part of the transmission-type microwave cavity, other end ground connection；And adjusting can be passed through
The inductance of the superconducting quantum interference device of the controllable impedance is equal to the resonance frequency of the transmission-type microwave cavity wait put
The frequency of big signal, in which: described signal to be amplified to be coupled into the oscillator-amplification circuit from the first capacitor module；
The quantum parameters amplifier further includes voltage modulation circuit；
The superconducting quantum interference device that the controllable impedance is arranged in the voltage modulation circuit is humorous close to the transmission type micro-wave
Shake chamber one end；
The effect for the bias voltage that the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) device of the controllable impedance can be provided in the voltage modulation circuit
The lower at least one idler that will be generated in the oscillator-amplification circuit discharges.
2. quantum parameters amplifier according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the superconductive quantum interference of the controllable impedance
Device includes the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and Flux modulation circuit of Mutual Inductance Coupling connection；
The superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) is the closed-loop device being made of several Josephson junction parallel connections；
The Flux modulation circuit is used to adjust the superconductive quantum interference by the magnetic flux for adjusting the closed-loop device
The inductance of instrument.
3. quantum parameters amplifier according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) is by two
The closed-loop device that Josephson junction parallel connection is constituted.
4. quantum parameters amplifier according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the Flux modulation circuit includes successively connecting
The Flux modulation line connect and the current device for generating bias current；
Wherein: the Flux modulation line is used for transmission the bias current, and keeps the bias current and the Superconducting Quantum dry
Interferometer Mutual Inductance Coupling.
5. quantum parameters amplifier according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the Flux modulation line is that co-planar waveguide is micro-
Band transmission line.
6. quantum parameters amplifier according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the current device be current source or according to
Secondary connection can provide the voltage source and resistance of the bias current.
7. quantum parameters amplifier according to claim 2, which is characterized in that for amplifying the pump signal to be amplified
Pu signal is coupled into the oscillator-amplification circuit from the first capacitor module or the Flux modulation circuit.
8. quantum parameters amplifier according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first capacitor module and described second
Capacitance module is respectively that interdigital capacitor, distributed capacitor and run-in index capacitor are one of.
9. quantum parameters amplifier according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the transmission-type microwave cavity is length
For the co-planar waveguide microwave cavity of the wavelength half signal to be amplified.
10. quantum parameters amplifier according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the transmission-type microwave cavity is by one
It connects to be formed to the co-planar waveguide microwave cavity that length is wavelength a quarter signal to be amplified.
11. -10 described in any item quantum parameters amplifiers according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the quantum parameters amplification
Device further includes filter；
The one end of second capacitance module far from the transmission-type microwave cavity is arranged in the filter.
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| CN201910525439.9A CN110277969B (en) | 2019-06-17 | 2019-06-17 | Quantum parametric amplifier |
| PCT/CN2020/080478 WO2020253292A1 (en) | 2019-06-17 | 2020-03-20 | Quantum parameter amplifier |
| US17/057,286 US11894818B2 (en) | 2019-06-17 | 2020-03-20 | Quantum parameter amplifier |
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| CN110120792A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-08-13 | 合肥本源量子计算科技有限责任公司 | A kind of quantum parameters amplifier |
| CN111207667A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-05-29 | 山西大学 | Quantum interferometer device based on optical parametric amplifier |
| WO2020253292A1 (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2020-12-24 | 合肥本源量子计算科技有限责任公司 | Quantum parameter amplifier |
| CN113505893A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-15 | 合肥本源量子计算科技有限责任公司 | Parameter amplifying device and preparation method thereof |
| CN116402151A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2023-07-07 | 本源量子计算科技（合肥）股份有限公司 | Characterization method and device of parametric amplifier and quantum computing system |
| WO2023246271A1 (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2023-12-28 | 深圳国际量子研究院 | Superconducting quantum chip connection structure, and connection method thereof |
| WO2024066565A1 (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2024-04-04 | 华为技术有限公司 | Amplifier circuit, chip, and quantum bit reading system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110120792A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-08-13 | 合肥本源量子计算科技有限责任公司 | A kind of quantum parameters amplifier |
| WO2020253292A1 (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2020-12-24 | 合肥本源量子计算科技有限责任公司 | Quantum parameter amplifier |
| US11894818B2 (en) | 2019-06-17 | 2024-02-06 | Origin Quantum Computing Technology (Hefei) Co., Ltd | Quantum parameter amplifier |
| CN110120792B (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2024-07-16 | 本源量子计算科技（合肥）股份有限公司 | Quantum parametric amplifier |
| CN111207667A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-05-29 | 山西大学 | Quantum interferometer device based on optical parametric amplifier |
| CN111207667B (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-05-14 | 山西大学 | Quantum interferometer device based on optical parametric amplifier |
| CN113505893A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-15 | 合肥本源量子计算科技有限责任公司 | Parameter amplifying device and preparation method thereof |
| CN116402151A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2023-07-07 | 本源量子计算科技（合肥）股份有限公司 | Characterization method and device of parametric amplifier and quantum computing system |
| WO2023246271A1 (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2023-12-28 | 深圳国际量子研究院 | Superconducting quantum chip connection structure, and connection method thereof |
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