CN110276797B - Lake area extraction method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lake area extraction method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a TIFF remote sensing image of a lake area by using a FROM-GLC data set, converting the TIFF remote sensing image of the lake area, and acquiring a lake surface element file; acquiring a lake area raster file by using the lake surface element file; exporting a lake area mask file according to the lake area raster file; and processing TIFF remote sensing images of the lake regions with long time sequence in batches according to the mask file of the lake regions, and extracting and calculating the area of the lake in batches. The lake area extraction method provided by the invention has the advantages of high extraction precision, high working efficiency, practicability and universality, and can be used for extracting and calculating the lake areas in batches.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lake research, and particularly relates to a lake area extraction method.
Background
Lakes are a key component of the climate, water and biogeochemical cycles, and changes in lake surface area have a significant impact on environmental changes and human production activities. The lake area is reduced, the water storage capacity can be worsened, flood can often explode in the flood season, no water is available in dry seasons, adverse effects can be caused to the surrounding ecological balance, the diversity of organisms is influenced, some species can disappear along with the flood, and the local climate can be influenced, so that the ecological environment is monotonous, and the existence and development of human beings are not facilitated. At present, the research on the annual change trend and the driving force of the lake area is a hot point of domestic and foreign research. The accuracy of analysis of the lake area change depends on the accuracy of extraction of the lake area, and the high efficiency of analysis of the lake area age change trend depends on batch extraction of the lake area. However, the existing lake area extraction method has low extraction precision, low efficiency and poor practicability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides the lake area extraction method which is high in extraction precision, high in working efficiency, practical and universal, and can be used for extracting and calculating the lake area in batches.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
a lake area extraction method comprises the following steps:
acquiring a TIFF remote sensing image of a lake area by using a FROM-GLC data set, converting the TIFF remote sensing image of the lake area, and acquiring a lake surface element file;
acquiring a lake area raster file by using the lake surface element file;
exporting a lake area mask file according to the lake area raster file;
and processing TIFF remote sensing images of the lake regions with long time sequence in batches according to the mask file of the lake regions, and extracting and calculating the area of the lake in batches.
Preferably, the method for acquiring the lake surface element file comprises the following steps:
under an ARCGIS10.2 software platform, making a lake line element shape file according to the TIFF remote sensing image of the lake area, then selecting feature to polygon under features by using data management tools in an ArcToolbox tool box, and converting the lake line element shape file into a lake surface element shape file.
Preferably, the method for acquiring the lake area raster file comprises the following steps:
primarily cutting the original TIFF remote sensing image of the lake area by using a lake surface element file to obtain a primarily cut lake area raster file;
according to the TIFF remote sensing image of the lake area and the characteristics of the water area of the corresponding lake area, setting a correction mask file through a threshold value, gradually adjusting the preliminarily cut lake area raster file to be within a large range of the TIFF remote sensing image of the lake area, and obtaining the finally cut lake area raster file.
Preferably, the method for acquiring the primarily cut lake area raster file comprises the following steps:
and selecting an extraction by using specific analysis tools in an ARCGIS10.2 software ArcToolbox, and then selecting an extraction by mask to generate a primarily cut lake raster file.
Preferably, the method of correcting the mask file includes:
selecting map algabra by using specific analysis tools in an ARCGIS10.2 software ArcToolbox, then selecting a raster computer, setting all areas larger than or equal to 0 as 300, setting the areas larger than or equal to 0 as lake areas, outputting the processed lake area raser file again, and obtaining the lake area raser file within a large range influenced by TIFF remote sensing images in the lake areas by combining the raster files for a plurality of times.
Preferably, the method for acquiring the finally cut lake area raster file comprises the following steps:
aiming at lake area raster files in a large range influenced by TIFF remote sensing images in a lake area, raster is selected by using data management of an ARCGIS10.2 software ArcToolBox tool box, then mosaic under raster data set is selected, the area in the lake area is assigned as 1, other areas are assigned as-9999, and the lake area raster files are output, namely the finally cut lake raster files.
Preferably, the revisit cycle of the FROM-GLC dataset is one day.
Preferably, the method for exporting the lake area mask file comprises the following steps:
exporting the finally cut lake area raster file into a txt file;
and importing the txt file into MATLAB software, and storing and outputting a mask file of the lake area.
Preferably, the method for exporting the txt file comprises the following steps:
and selecting the raster to ascii under from raster to generate the txt file by using a conversion tool of an ARCGIS10.2 software ArcToolBox tool box.
Preferably, the method for calculating the lake area comprises the following steps:
editing tiffread program by MATLAB software, cutting TIFF remote sensing images of the long time sequence lake area in batches according to the lake area mask file to obtain the number of water pixels in the daily lake range, and then calculating the daily lake area of the long time sequence through a formula (1):
s＝watercount×463×463 (1)
in the formula (1), s is the area of the lake surface every day, and the waterfount is the number of pixels of water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the FROM-GLC data set is adopted to obtain the TIFF remote sensing image of the lake area, so that the problems of mistaken division of mountain, cloud and water areas and spectral land and water mixed areas are solved, and the extraction precision of the lake area is improved.
(2) The lake area extraction method provided by the invention is simple to operate, can cut original TIFF remote sensing images in batches, extracts and calculates the lake area in batches, improves the working efficiency, can be used for extracting the lake area of each region, and has strong practicability and universality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the yang lake line elements of in example;
FIG. 2 is a Poyang lake surface element area diagram in an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is an original TIFF remote sensing image of the lake region of the Yanghu of the example;
FIG. 4 is a view of the preliminarily cut Yanghu raster in the example;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the Poyang lake raster in the second clipping of the example;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the Poyang lake raster with the best clipping effect in the example;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the trend of the area change in the year Yanghu 2001-2015 in the example;
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing the example with the annual variation of Poyang lake area in document 1;
FIG. 9 is a comparison graph of the example and the document 2 Poyang lake area change, in which (a) is the example Poyang lake area change graph, and (b) is the document 2 Poyang lake area change graph.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Examples
A lake area extraction method takes Yanghu as an example, and comprises the following steps:
step one, manufacturing a lake surface element file
An h28v06 image (a lake region TIFF remote sensing image) of Yanghu 2001 day 2 is obtained by adopting a FROM-GLC data set, a Yanghu line element shape file is made according to the lake region TIFF remote sensing image under an ARCGIS10.2 software platform, and then a feature to polygon under featurs is selected by using data management tools in an ArcToolbox, so that the Yanghu line element shape file is converted into a Poyang lake surface element shape file, wherein the Poyang lake line element area is shown in figure 1, and the Poyang lake surface element area is shown in figure 2.
Step two, manufacturing a lake area raster file
The Poyang lake surface element shape file is used for primarily cutting the TIFF remote sensing image of the lake area, specifically, spatial analysis tools in an ARCGIS10.2 software ArcToolbox are used for selecting an extraction, and then an extraction by mask is selected to generate a primarily cut Yanghu raster file, for example, the original TIFF remote sensing image of the lake area is shown in FIG. 3, and for example, the primarily cut Yanghu raster file is shown in FIG. 4.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the range of the preliminarily cropped Yanghu raster file is smaller than the range of the TIFF remote sensing image of the original lake region, so that the next threshold setting is performed, that is, the preliminarily cropped Yanghu raster file is recalculated, specifically, map algabra is selected by using spatial analysis tools in the ArcToolbox of the arcsis 10.2 software, then raster computer is selected, all the regions greater than or equal to 0 are set to 300, the regions greater than or equal to 0 are the range of Yanghu, and the processed raster file of Yanghu is output again, as shown in fig. 5.
As can be seen from fig. 5, the raster file range of the processed yang lake is still smaller than the TIFF remote sensing image range of the original lake area, the raster file of the processed yang lake is adjusted to be within the large range of the TIFF remote sensing image range of the original lake area again by merging the raster files, then the raster is selected by using the data management of the arctools box of arccis 10.2 software, then the mosaic under raster dataset is selected, the numerical value of the raster file of the yang lake after completion of merging is adjusted, the area in the lake range is assigned as 1, the other areas are assigned as-9999, and the lake area raster file is output, i.e., the finally clipped yang lake raster file, as shown in fig. 6.
Step three, making a mask file of the lake area
Exporting the finally cut Yanghu raster file into a txt file, specifically, selecting raster to ascii under from raster to generate the txt file by using conversion tool of an ARCGIS10.2 software ArcToolBox toolbox; and then importing the txt file into MATLAB software, and storing an output Poyang lake mask file.
Step four, calculating the long time sequence area of the lake
Editing a tiffread program by MATLAB software, cutting the Poyang lake range TIFF remote sensing image in 2001-2015 in batches according to the Poyang lake mask file to obtain the number of water pixels in the Poyang lake range in 2001-2015 every day, and then calculating the area of the Poyang lake every day in 2001-2015 by using a formula (1):
s＝watercount×463×463 (1)
in the formula (1), s is the area of the lake surface per day, and the watercount is the number of water pixels per day.
Poyang lake surface area statistics
Processing the long-time Yanghu lake surface area obtained in the above embodiment by Excel software, calculating the average area of Yanghu 2001-2015 year by month, further calculating the average area of Yanghu 2001-2015 year by year, making an area change trend graph of PoYang lake 2001-2015 year, as shown in FIG. 7, and the area data result of PoYang lake 2001-2015 year is as shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 12001-2015-year Poyang lake area sequence
Poyang lake surface area verification
In the embodiment, the lake surface area verification is performed by selecting document 1 (Zhang Xiang. MODIS monitoring typical lake area change research [ D ]. Donghua university of science and technology, 2015) and document 2 (Chi Hua, Zhang Weiqi, Huqiang, Poyang lake surface area remote sensing monitoring research based on MODIS [ J ]. Jiangxi water conservancy technology, 2008, 34 (4): 256-one 258).
The 250m vegetation index product MOD13Q1 synthesized by Terra/MODIS data for 16 days in the document 1 is basic data, the overall classification precision is 89.59%, and the average value of the annual area change in Poyang lake 2001-2013 is shown in Table 2; MOD13Q1/FROM-GLC data FROM the same year were selected for comparison and the percent deviation was calculated according to equation (2):
r＝(AreaMOD13Q1-AreaFROM-GLC)/AreaFROM-GLC×100％ (2)
in formula (2): r is the percent deviation, AreaMOD13Q1To obtain Poyang lake Area based on MOD13Q1, AreaFROM-GLCThe results of the calculations are shown in Table 3 for the Poyang lake area obtained based on FROM-GLC.
Table 2, document 1, 2001-2013, Poyang lake annual average lake surface area
TABLE 3 percent deviation of Poyang lake area extracted from article 1 and this example
The reference 1 is shown in FIG. 8 in comparison with the annual variation rule of Poyang lake area in this embodiment.
Document 2 uses MODIS data to extract the lake surface area of yang lake in the first half year of 2007 and the second half year of 2008, and MODIS/FROM-GLC data on the same date are selected to be compared with the Poyang lake area in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 9(a) and (b).
It can be seen from fig. 8 and 9 that the Poyang lake surface area extracted in the present embodiment is consistent with the overall trend of the change of the lake surface area in documents 1 and 2, and thus it is verified that the Poyang lake surface area time series obtained in the present embodiment is correct and reasonable. As can be seen FROM Table 3, the Poyang lake surface area obtained in this example differs FROM that of reference 1 by 6% to 27%, and these differences are caused by the difference in the temporal resolution and the spatial resolution and the spectral resolution between the MOD13Q1 data and the FROM-GLC data.
The lake area extraction method provided in the embodiment obtains the TIFF remote sensing image of the lake area based on the FROM-GLC dataset, and the revisit cycle is one day and the ground feature resolution is 463 m.
The FROM-GLC dataset is a global multi-class land use data product based on the landsat8TM/OLI satellite, a global first spectral resolution of 30 meters, with fine resolution observers and monitoring of global land cover, and can extract a global water film. Compared with other products, the data product shows that the producer Precision (PA) and the user precision (UA) are respectively improved by 4.62 percent and 0.51 percent, and the total area of the global inland water body is reduced by 15.83 percent.
The FROM-GLC data set adopts an object-based method, which is characterized in that the topographic characteristics, the spectral characteristics and the geometric relations of clouds are calculated for each water object in a water film FROM the FROM-GLC data product, a specific rule is set to judge whether the water objects are wrongly classified or not, the mountain shadow is automatically identified by using the spectral information and the topographic data, and the cloud shadow is automatically identified by using the geometric relations of the sun, the sensor and the clouds, so that the water body which is wrongly classified is removed. The data product solves two common problems of image water classification results, namely shadow (including mountain shadow and cloud shadow misclassification) and water-land spectrum mixed region misclassification, so that the extraction precision of the lake area can be improved.
In addition, by editing the tiffread program by MATLAB software, the original TIFF remote sensing images can be cut in batches, the lake area can be extracted and calculated in batches, the working efficiency is improved, the method can be used for extracting the area of lakes in various regions, and the method has strong practicability and universality.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A lake area extraction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a TIFF remote sensing image of a lake area by using a FROM-GLC data set, converting the TIFF remote sensing image of the lake area, and acquiring a lake surface element file;
acquiring a lake area raster file by using the lake surface element file;
exporting a lake area mask file according to the lake area raster file;
processing TIFF remote sensing images of the lake regions with long time sequence in batches according to the mask file of the lake regions, and extracting and calculating the area of the lake in batches;
the method for acquiring the lake surface element file comprises the following steps:
under an ARCGIS10.2 software platform, manufacturing a lake line element shape file according to the TIFF remote sensing image of the lake area, then selecting feature to polygon under features by using data management tools in an ArcToolbox tool box, and converting the lake line element shape file into a lake surface element shape file;
the method for acquiring the lake area raster file comprises the following steps:
primarily cutting the original TIFF remote sensing image of the lake area by using a lake surface element file to obtain a primarily cut lake area raster file;
setting a correction mask file through a threshold according to the TIFF remote sensing image of the lake area and the characteristics of the water area of the corresponding lake area, gradually adjusting the preliminarily cut lake area raser file to be within a large range of the TIFF remote sensing image of the lake area, and obtaining the finally cut lake area raser file;
the method of correcting a mask file includes:
selecting map algabra by using specific analysis tools in an ARCGIS10.2 software ArcToolbox, then selecting a raster computer, setting all areas larger than or equal to 0 as 300, setting the areas larger than or equal to 0 as lake areas, outputting the processed lake area raser file again, and obtaining the lake area raser file within a large range of TIFF remote sensing images of the lake areas by combining the raster files for a plurality of times;
the method for acquiring the finally cut lake area raster file comprises the following steps:
aiming at lake area raster files in a large range influenced by TIFF remote sensing images in a lake area, raster is selected by using data management of an ARCGIS10.2 software ArcToolBox tool box, then mosaic under raster data set is selected, the area in the lake area is assigned as 1, other areas are assigned as-9999, and the lake area raster files are output, namely the finally cut lake raster files.
2. The lake area extraction method of claim 1, wherein the method for obtaining the preliminarily tailored lake area raster file comprises:
and selecting an extraction by using specific analysis tools in an ARCGIS10.2 software ArcToolbox, and then selecting an extraction by mask to generate a primarily cut lake raster file.
3. The lake area extraction method of claim 1, wherein the revisiting period of the FROM-GLC dataset is one day.
4. The lake area extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the method for exporting the lake area mask file comprises:
exporting the finally cut lake area raster file into a txt file;
and importing the txt file into MATLAB software, and storing and outputting a mask file of the lake area.
5. The lake area extraction method of claim 4, wherein the txt file export method comprises:
and selecting the raster to ascii under from raster to generate the txt file by using a conversion tool of an ARCGIS10.2 software ArcToolBox tool box.
6. The lake area extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the calculation method of the lake area comprises:
editing tiffread program by MATLAB software, cutting TIFF remote sensing images of the long time sequence lake area in batches according to the lake area mask file to obtain the number of water pixels in the daily lake range, and then calculating the daily lake area of the long time sequence through a formula (1):
in the formula (1)SIs the area of the lake surface per day,
is the number of pixels of the water pixels.
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