CN110275111B - High-speed test system of ultra-high-speed alternating-current generator and control method thereof - Google Patents

High-speed test system of ultra-high-speed alternating-current generator and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110275111B
CN110275111B CN201910631282.8A CN201910631282A CN110275111B CN 110275111 B CN110275111 B CN 110275111B CN 201910631282 A CN201910631282 A CN 201910631282A CN 110275111 B CN110275111 B CN 110275111B
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rotating speed
speed
generator
ultra
turbine
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CN110275111A (en
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张登平
陈强
施道龙
卓亮
任德江
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Guizhou Aerospace Linquan Motor Co Ltd
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Guizhou Aerospace Linquan Motor Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/34Testing dynamo-electric machines
    • G01R31/343Testing dynamo-electric machines in operation

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Tests Of Circuit Breakers, Generators, And Electric Motors (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a high-speed test system of an ultra-high-speed alternating-current generator and a control method thereof. The control system has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and high automation degree, and the rotating speed of the test bed can reach the expected rotating speed easily and accurately by the control method.

Description

High-speed test system of ultra-high-speed alternating-current generator and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-speed testing system of an ultra-high-speed alternating-current generator and a control method thereof.
Background
Electronic amplifiers and analog computers from century old aircraft, automobiles and telephone communications to century old; satellite missiles and digital computers from radar and artillery air defense networks during second combat to cold combat periods; from lunar spacecraft in the sixties to modern space shuttle, cosmic and planet detectors, these well-known human technological inventions have directly induced and developed automatic control techniques. From practice, serving practice, sublimation in practice. Through thousands of years of refining, especially the general application of practices in the near half century industry, automatic control technology has become an important component of human technological civilization. With the rise of new manufacturing industry and the progress of network information technology, the development and application of automatic control technology will enter a brand new era.
Similarly, the automatic control technology is gradually applied to a high-speed generator test bed, so that the stamping turbine can directly drive an ultra-high-speed alternating current generator (hereinafter referred to as a motor) to reach the industrial intelligent standard. The rated rotation speed range of the motor is 90000 r/min-125000 r/min, and the output performance of the motor meets the following conditions: the effective value of the output line voltage is 0-54V sinusoidal alternating current, and the unbalance of the motor interphase voltage is not more than 1V in the rated state; the rated power of the motor is not less than 800W, the rated output current 23A and the instantaneous output current 33A (not more than 1 s) are obtained after the three-phase power output by the motor is rectified to 28.5V by a power converter; steady state characteristics: the motor outputs a direct current average voltage range of 28.5+/-1V through the power converter, and the pulsation amplitude value is not more than 1V; transient characteristics: when the load is suddenly added or suddenly unloaded, the requirements of the normal voltage transient envelope curve of the direct current system in the GJB181B-2012 are met. The motor has the characteristics of small volume, high rotating speed and high power density. The motor generates electric energy in a specified rotating speed range of the engine, and the electric energy is rectified and stabilized by the power converter to supply power for the engine and the sprung electric equipment. In view of the special purpose of the motor, the precision of the test bed is required to be high during testing, the test bed is mainly used for testing the output performance of the ultra-high-speed alternating-current generator at 13.8 ten thousand revolutions, and the stability of the rotating speed and the torque can be maintained in a specified time.
There is no existing 14 ten thousand-turn super-high-speed generator test bed at home, and the patent of the invention mainly designs a test bed control system method. The existing control method mainly has the following problems: 1. the control mode is complex, and the operation difficulty of staff is increased; 2. the control mode has lower precision, so that the motor test structure deviates from the actual one; 3. manufacturing control circuit cost is not considered yet, and economic requirements are not met; 4. the control circuit is not intelligent yet, and is mainly operated manually when receiving signals, so that the degree of automation is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a high-speed testing system of an ultra-high-speed alternating current generator and a control method thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a high-speed test system of an ultra-high-speed alternating-current generator and a control method thereof.
And the punching turbine air inlet pipeline is also provided with a flowmeter and a pressure gauge.
The model of the singlechip is STC89C51RC-DIP.
The measuring range of the pressure gauge is 0-1.6 MPa.
The measuring range of the flowmeter is 0-50L/min.
6. A control method of a test stand for an ultra-high speed alternating current generator comprises the following steps:
a. starting, wherein the air compressor inputs compressed air to the punching turbine to drive the generator rotor to rotate;
b. the singlechip sends out instructions to adjust a throttle valve switch;
c. measuring the stator frequency of the generator by an oscilloscope;
d. the single chip microcomputer converts the stator frequency into a rotating speed N, and adjusts or fixes the throttle valve according to the rotating speed precision epsilon for testing;
e. after the test period t, the rotational speed accuracy is again confirmed.
In the step d, the calculation formula for converting the stator frequency into the rotating speed by the singlechip is as follows:
N(t)=60f(t)/p
where f (t) is the frequency of the motor at time t and p is the pole pair number of the motor.
And d, calculating the rotating speed precision epsilon by the singlechip in the step of:
ε=[N(t)-N]/N
in the formula, E (t) is the rotating speed of the motor at the moment t, N is the expected rotating speed, and the sum is +/-1%.
The condition for adjusting or fixing the throttle valve in the step d is whether the rotation speed precision epsilon reaches +/-1 percent.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the high-pressure gas transmission pipeline is provided with a single-phase throttle valve, a flowmeter and a pressure gauge so as to monitor and control the air flow in real time, the high-pressure gas drives the turbocharger to rotate at high speed, meanwhile, a generator rotor directly connected to a turbine of the turbocharger rotates at high speed, the frequency of the stator voltage of the generator is tested and converted into the rotating speed of the generator rotor, finally, a rotor rotating speed signal is fed back to the singlechip and is compared with the expected rotating speed, the single-phase throttle valve is regulated according to the comparison result, and the expected rotating speed is finally reached. The control system has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and high automation degree, and the rotating speed of the test bed can reach the expected rotating speed easily and accurately by the control method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a control flow diagram of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of the claimed invention is not limited to the above.
The utility model provides a high-speed test system of super high-speed alternator and control method thereof, includes air compressor, punching press turbine, one-way choke valve, oscilloscope, singlechip, punching press turbine is rotatory with the drive rotor of high-speed alternator rotor, and the frequency of generator stator voltage is tested to oscilloscope and is converted into generator rotor rotational speed, and finally feeds back the rotor rotational speed signal to the singlechip and compares with expected rotational speed, adjusts single-phase choke valve according to the comparison result.
And the punching turbine air inlet pipeline is also provided with a flowmeter and a pressure gauge.
The model of the singlechip is STC89C51RC-DIP.
The measuring range of the pressure gauge is 0-1.6 MPa.
The measuring range of the flowmeter is 0-50L/min.
A control method of a test stand for an ultra-high speed alternating current generator comprises the following steps:
a. starting, wherein the air compressor inputs compressed air to the punching turbine to drive the generator rotor to rotate;
b. the singlechip sends out instructions to adjust a throttle valve switch;
c. measuring the stator frequency of the generator by an oscilloscope;
d. the single chip microcomputer converts the stator frequency into a rotating speed N, and adjusts or fixes the throttle valve according to the rotating speed precision epsilon for testing;
e. after the test period t, the rotational speed accuracy is again confirmed.
In the step d, the calculation formula for converting the stator frequency into the rotating speed by the singlechip is as follows:
N(t)=60f(t)/p
where f (t) is the frequency of the motor at time t and p is the pole pair number of the motor.
And d, calculating the rotating speed precision epsilon by the singlechip in the step of:
ε=[N(t)-N]/N
in the formula, E (t) is the rotating speed of the motor at the moment t, N is the expected rotating speed, and the sum is +/-1%.
The condition for adjusting or fixing the throttle valve in the step d is whether the rotation speed precision epsilon reaches +/-1 percent.
The control method for the high-speed test bed of the ultra-high-speed alternating-current generator provided by the invention realizes the intelligentization of the rotation speed control of the high-speed motor test bed on the premise of ensuring the control precision. The main principle is as follows: an automatic control system is established based on feedback principles by comparing the deviation between the system output and the desired output and reducing the deviation to obtain the desired output. The concrete steps are as follows: firstly, an air compressor compresses air and stores the compressed air in an air storage tank, high-pressure air in the air storage tank is conveyed to a punching turbine through a pipeline, a single-phase throttle valve, a flowmeter and a pressure gauge are arranged on a high-pressure air conveying pipeline so as to monitor and control the air flow in real time, the high-pressure air drives a turbocharger to rotate at a high speed, meanwhile, a generator rotor directly connected to the turbocharger turbine rotates at a high speed, the frequency of the stator voltage of the generator is tested and converted into the rotating speed of the generator rotor, finally, a rotor rotating speed signal is fed back to a singlechip and is compared with the expected rotating speed, the single-phase throttle valve is adjusted according to the comparison result, and finally the expected rotating speed is achieved. The control system has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and high automation degree, and the control method can enable the rotating speed of the test bed to reach the expected rotating speed easily and accurately, so as to realize the intellectualization of the test bed control system. Meanwhile, the control method provides a certain theoretical support for the control of the high-speed motor test bed system and also provides a new thought for the design of the test bed control system.
Firstly, an air compressor compresses air and stores the compressed air in an air storage tank, high-pressure air is conveyed to a punching turbine through a pipeline, a single-phase throttle valve, a flowmeter and a pressure gauge are arranged on the pipeline so as to monitor and control the air flow in real time, then the high-pressure air drives a turbocharger to rotate at a high speed, meanwhile, a generator rotor directly connected to a turbine of the turbocharger rotates at the high speed, the frequency of the stator voltage of the generator is tested and converted into the rotating speed of the generator rotor, finally, a rotor rotating speed signal is fed back to a singlechip and is compared with the expected rotating speed, the single-phase throttle valve is regulated according to a comparison result, and finally the appointed rotating speed is achieved.
The selection of the control system mainly comprises two modes of open loop control and closed loop control, wherein the open loop control is a system control mode without feedback information, when an operator starts the system to enter an operating state, the system outputs an instruction of the operator to a controlled object at one time and cannot further control. The closed loop control may feed back the result of the control to be compared with the desired value and adjust the system controlling the effect based on the error. In consideration of the precision requirement, the invention adopts a closed-loop control system, and a mathematical model of the control precision is as follows:
ε=[N(t)-N]/N
in the formula, E (t) is the rotating speed of the motor at the moment t, N is the expected rotating speed (14 ten thousand revolutions in the invention), epsilon is the accuracy acceptable to the user (1% in the invention, and the accuracy can be modified according to the actual situation).
The output value of the oscilloscope is the motor frequency, and the mathematical relationship between the rotating speed N and the frequency f is as follows:
N(t)=60f(t)/p
where f (t) is the frequency of the motor at time t and p is the pole pair number of the motor.
According to the design requirements, the scheme of a control loop can be basically determined, and the control loop mainly comprises a pressure gauge, a flowmeter, a punching turbine, an ultra-high-speed alternating-current generator, an oscilloscope, a singlechip microcontroller, a servo motor and the like.
And selecting main components of a control loop of the test bed. The choice of components in the control loop directly affects the accuracy of the loop, the manufacturing cost, and the difficulty of operation of the staff, and the following main components are analyzed.
Pressure gauges and flow meters. The pressure gauge is used for detecting the air pressure in the pipeline, and the pressure gauge with the measuring range of 0-1.6 MPa is selected. The flowmeter is used for detecting the air flow in the pipeline, and has the requirements of wide range and high air pressure, and the range is 0-50L/min.
And punching the turbine. The turbine of the automobile turbine booster is used as a turbine device of the test bench system, the purchased turbocharger is disassembled, the installation size of the turbine is mapped, and a corresponding adapter is designed to be connected to the output shaft of the generator. Turbochargers are of two types, single-channel intake and multi-channel intake, and the final gas pushes the turbine to operate at high speed. The working speed of the general turbocharger is 12-16 ten thousand revolutions, and the working speed of the turbocharger rises along with the increase of the flow and pressure of the gas entering the turbine. Because specific turbine working characteristics and interfaces are not investigated, the turbocharger can be purchased from an online mall, and the turbine and the newly designed volute are mounted on a test bed according to the redesigned structure of the sizes of the turbine and the volute.
And testing the motor. The ultra-high-speed alternating-current generator (hereinafter referred to as a motor) is developed by a certain proposed company and entrusted to the company, and has the characteristics of small volume, high rotating speed and high power density; the motor generates electric energy in a specified rotating speed range of the engine, and the electric energy is rectified and stabilized by the power converter to supply power for the engine and the sprung electric equipment. The rated rotation speed ranges from 90000r/min to 125000r/min; the working principle of the generator is as follows: when the external force drags the motor rotor to rotate to generate a rotating magnetic field, alternating current electromotive force is induced in the stator winding, so that voltage is output.
Oscilloscope and single-chip microcomputer microcontroller (single-chip microcomputer). The oscillograph is an electronic measuring instrument with very wide application, the oscillograph can be used for observing waveform curves of different signal amplitudes changing along with time, the oscillograph is used for detecting the frequency of the stator voltage, and the requirement can be met by adopting a general research type oscillograph; the single chip microcomputer is an integrated circuit chip, and adopts a micro computer system which is formed by integrating a CPU (central processing unit), a RAM (random access memory) and the like with data processing capacity on a silicon chip by adopting a super large scale integrated circuit technology, and can be similar to a STC89C51RC-DIP (remote control chip) single chip microcomputer.
A servo motor. The engine for controlling the operation of mechanical elements in a servo system is an indirect speed change device for a supplementary motor, and the general small-sized servo can meet the requirements.
And is connected with a control loop. Each electric element in the principle line is properly selected, a catalog list of elements and devices is formulated, and the control loop is connected according to the integral structure diagram of the control system.

Claims (5)

1. The test board comprises an air compressor, a punching turbine, a one-way throttle valve, an oscilloscope and a single-chip microcomputer, wherein the punching turbine is connected with a rotor of a high-speed generator to drive the rotor to rotate, the oscilloscope tests the frequency of the stator voltage of the generator and converts the frequency into the rotating speed of the rotor of the generator, and finally, a rotor rotating speed signal is fed back to the single-chip microcomputer and is compared with the expected rotating speed, and the single-way throttle valve is adjusted according to a comparison result;
the method is characterized in that: the control method comprises the following steps:
a. starting, wherein the air compressor inputs compressed air to the punching turbine to drive the generator rotor to rotate;
b. the singlechip sends out instructions to adjust a throttle valve switch;
c. measuring the stator frequency of the generator by an oscilloscope;
d. the single chip microcomputer converts the stator frequency into a rotating speed N, and adjusts or fixes the throttle valve according to the rotating speed precision epsilon for testing;
e. after the test period t, the rotating speed precision is confirmed again;
in the step d, the calculation formula for converting the stator frequency into the rotating speed by the singlechip is as follows:
N(t)=60f(t)/p
wherein f (t) is the frequency of the motor at the moment t, and p is the pole pair number of the motor;
and d, calculating the rotating speed precision epsilon by the singlechip in the step of:
ε=[N(t)-N]/N
wherein N (t) is the rotating speed of the motor at the moment t, N is the expected rotating speed, epsilon rotating speed precision is taken to be +/-1%;
the condition for adjusting or fixing the throttle valve in the step d is whether the rotation speed precision epsilon reaches +/-1 percent.
2. The ultra-high speed alternator high speed test system as in claim 1, wherein: and the punching turbine air inlet pipeline is also provided with a flowmeter and a pressure gauge.
3. The ultra-high speed alternator high speed test system as in claim 1, wherein: the model of the singlechip is STC89C51RC-DIP.
4. The ultra-high speed alternator high speed test system as in claim 2, wherein: the measuring range of the pressure gauge is 0-1.6 MPa.
5. The ultra-high speed alternator high speed test system as in claim 2, wherein: the measuring range of the flowmeter is 0-50L/min.
CN201910631282.8A 2019-07-12 2019-07-12 High-speed test system of ultra-high-speed alternating-current generator and control method thereof Active CN110275111B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110554318B (en) * 2019-09-27 2021-08-27 贵州航天林泉电机有限公司 High-speed alternating-current generator test bed considering speed regulation interval

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CN104181324A (en) * 2013-05-27 2014-12-03 深圳市海洋王照明工程有限公司 Device for measuring rotating speed of motor and electronic equipment
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