CN110274389A - 一种适用于船舶的新型热泵热水器 - Google Patents

一种适用于船舶的新型热泵热水器 Download PDF

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CN110274389A
CN110274389A CN201910520222.9A CN201910520222A CN110274389A CN 110274389 A CN110274389 A CN 110274389A CN 201910520222 A CN201910520222 A CN 201910520222A CN 110274389 A CN110274389 A CN 110274389A
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compressor
working medium
energy
heat
exhaust gas
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李九如
许滔
陈纪元
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN201910520222.9A priority Critical patent/CN110274389A/zh
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01CROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C1/00Rotary-piston machines or engines
    • F01C1/08Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F01C1/12Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
    • F01C1/14Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons
    • F01C1/16Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01CROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/04Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H4/00Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
    • F24H4/02Water heaters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/02Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/274Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies using waste energy, e.g. from internal combustion engine

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

一种适用船舶新型热泵热水器,包括蒸发器、工质泵、电动机、冷凝器、螺杆膨胀机、压缩机、发电机、循环管道、储液罐、蓄电箱等。一部分以内燃机的排出的废气热源为热量来源,排出的高温废气将储液箱内的有机工质进行加热,有机工质由液态变为气态,再通过蒸汽管将蒸汽通入膨胀机做功,一部分带动压缩机进行制热;另一部分通过涡轮发电机带到蓄电箱进行蓄能,以备发动机停止工作时,压缩机正常运行,进行制热,该装置不仅对船舶内燃机废气中的热能充分回收,并且利用率高。

Description

一种适用于船舶的新型热泵热水器
技术领域
本发明属于热泵热水器领域,具体是以船舶内燃机废气热量为来源的热泵热水器。
背景技术
随着世界实体经济发展的越来越好,大型船舶成为了国际运输中不可或缺的,航运业的节能减排技术已经引起了国际社会的高度重视,我们都知道大型船舶的动力装置主要是内燃机,通过燃油将热能转换成动能,实现船舶的驱动,但是现在的科技水平,并不能完全利用内燃机产生的热能,大约有40%的能量未得到完全利用,绝大部分以余热的方式通过排气管排放到大气中去燃料热能未得到充分利用。因此,回收内燃机废气余热综合利用是一种前景十分广阔的节能途径。
发明内容
本发明为了最大限度地利用发动机废气余热,进一步减小污染物的排放,采用有机化合物四氟乙烷作为朗肯循环系统的工质和热泵热水器的制热剂,把发动机的废气一部分能量转换成电能,另一部分经过热交换器传递给热泵中的制热剂,既可以减少压缩机的尺寸又可以减少耗电,使废热资源利用更加完全。
本发明的技术方案是:整个系统分成两个大部分:第一部分是以废气为热源的有机朗肯循环进行发电、第二部分是废气为热源的热泵热水器和空气源热泵热水器。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下有益效果:该发电系统和热泵热水器使用的有机工质,相比于水,虽传热系数不大,但汽化潜热大,比容小,蒸发温度小,饱和压力大,使热泵热水器和朗肯循环工作效率大幅提高;并且毒性非常低,在空气中不可燃,对大气臭氧层无破坏作用,非常环保;而且系统结构比较简单、紧凑,节约空间;本发明设计有机朗肯循环发电系统将废气余转换为动能和电能,并且可以直接作为热泵热水器中的压缩机的动力源,不使用传统供电方式,减少了燃油的消耗,大幅度减少污染的排放,另外本发明的冷却液采用深海里的冷海水,大大提高了朗肯循环的发电效率。
该热水器与常规的空气源热泵的热水器相比,在空气源热泵热水器的基础上增加了废气源,废气压力很高,温度高,其输出的能效比提高了1至1.5倍,能源利用系数高;该设备是通过吸收废气中的热量来制取热水,是一种节能减排的环保设备;适用寿命长,维护费用低。
附图说明
图1整体结构图
图2热泵热水器工作原理图
图3有机朗肯循环发电图
图4系统控制原理图
具体实施方式
一种适用船舶的新型热泵热水器的工作原理如下:
1、废气有机朗肯循环系统发电原理
主要流程:有机朗肯循环发电系统是将余热转化为电能和动能的过程,利用内燃机1的曲柄连杆机构做完功排出的废气,流经蒸发器12加热有机工质,使有机工质达到饱和进入膨胀机13做功,一部分带动压缩机进行制热,另一部分经过发电机15进行发电,经蓄电箱19蓄电,以备发动机1停止工作时,经逆变器20带动电动机21进行正常工作,从膨胀机做完功的乏气进入冷凝器14冷凝,再经过工质泵16加压再回到蒸发器12,周而复始,源源不断发电;
2、废气源和空气源热泵热水器的工作原理
主要流程:当内燃机1排出的废气,流经蒸发器2之后,使制热剂有机工质达到饱和,蒸发器的过热气体到分离器3经气、液分离后,再被压缩机4压缩之后的高压蒸气到冷凝器5,被冷水泵7抽上来的冷水冷却,冷水变成热水,进入保温水箱6,冷却之后流回贮液罐8,经干燥过滤器9干燥之后,然后经过膨胀阀10节流,变成饱和液体状态;再次进入蒸发器2,产生制热作用,另外可以根据压缩机中的温度调节器11调节热水温度,控周而复始循环,不断供应热水;当内燃机1停止工作时,废气换成空气,原理与废气源的的工作原理相同。
本发明设计的热水器完美的融合了上述两个部分,运用温度传感器18在废气排出口进行测温,可以进行信号反馈,通过温度调节器进行自动调节热水的温度,保证系统正常运行。

Claims (3)

1.一种适用于船舶新型热泵热水器,包括蒸发器、工质泵、发电机、电动机、压缩机、冷凝器、螺杆膨胀机、压缩机、逆变器、保温水箱、循环管道、储液罐、蓄电箱等;以内燃机的排出的废气热源为热量来源,采用有机工质,构成热泵热水器中压缩机的能量输送装置,组成一种节能减排的热泵热水器。
2.如权利要求1当内燃机工作时,排出的高温废气经过蒸发器加热有机工质,使有机工质达到饱和状态,从而带动螺杆膨胀机做功,从而经过发电机、电动机等能量转换装置带动压缩机进行制热 ,同时还可以通过涡轮发电机带到蓄电箱进行蓄能。
3.如权利要求2蓄电技术达到用发动机的废气余热所储存的热能用于发动机停止工作时,空气源热泵运行时压缩机的动力来源 。
CN201910520222.9A 2019-06-14 2019-06-14 一种适用于船舶的新型热泵热水器 Pending CN110274389A (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111981685A (zh) * 2020-07-21 2020-11-24 深圳朴坂科技有限公司 一种使用自然能源发电的冷冻型热水机组
CN115263471A (zh) * 2022-08-29 2022-11-01 广船国际有限公司 船用废热发电系统

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CN104879177A (zh) * 2015-04-21 2015-09-02 同济大学 一种有机朗肯循环与热泵循环的耦合系统
CN105003328A (zh) * 2015-07-21 2015-10-28 同济大学 一种汽车尾气余热回收利用的冷电联产系统
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CN109026234A (zh) * 2018-09-26 2018-12-18 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0三研究所 一种有机朗肯循环与热泵驱动的热电联供系统及热电联供方法
CN109736963A (zh) * 2018-12-29 2019-05-10 西安交通大学 一种船舶发动机的余热利用系统及方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104879177A (zh) * 2015-04-21 2015-09-02 同济大学 一种有机朗肯循环与热泵循环的耦合系统
CN105003328A (zh) * 2015-07-21 2015-10-28 同济大学 一种汽车尾气余热回收利用的冷电联产系统
CN105065110A (zh) * 2015-07-21 2015-11-18 同济大学 一种有机朗肯循环和电力双驱动的内燃机增压系统
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CN109736963A (zh) * 2018-12-29 2019-05-10 西安交通大学 一种船舶发动机的余热利用系统及方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111981685A (zh) * 2020-07-21 2020-11-24 深圳朴坂科技有限公司 一种使用自然能源发电的冷冻型热水机组
CN115263471A (zh) * 2022-08-29 2022-11-01 广船国际有限公司 船用废热发电系统

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Application publication date: 20190924