CN110273069A - A kind of HIT solar cell recycling preprocess method - Google Patents

A kind of HIT solar cell recycling preprocess method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110273069A
CN110273069A CN201910664569.0A CN201910664569A CN110273069A CN 110273069 A CN110273069 A CN 110273069A CN 201910664569 A CN201910664569 A CN 201910664569A CN 110273069 A CN110273069 A CN 110273069A
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solar cell
hit solar
silver
hit
block
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Inventor
于书魁
王磊
潘威衡
李韫良
张臻
卢奕鑫
邰正琪
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Changzhou Campus of Hohai University
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Changzhou Campus of Hohai University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
    • C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
    • C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
    • C01B33/122—Lepidoic silicic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
    • C22B11/042—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
    • C22B11/046—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from manufactured products, e.g. from printed circuit boards, from photographic films, paper or baths
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B58/00—Obtaining gallium or indium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006—Wet processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Silicon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of HIT solar cells to recycle preprocess method, the following steps are included: removing back aluminium, alusil alloy and the silver electrode of HIT solar cell with sodium hydroxide solution, silicon nitride anti-reflection layer and silver electrode are removed with hydrofluoric acid, silicic acid is dissolved with sodium hydroxide, it is passed through air and extracts silicic acid, dehydration generates silica；Nitric acid dissolves silver electrode, and sodium chloride is added and obtains AgCl+ precipitating, iron replacement goes out silver.This method has obtained the discarded HIT solar cell and silver powder recycled convenient for subsequent indium, can be directly as the raw material of raw material and silver recycling in indium recovery process.

Description

A kind of HIT solar cell recycling preprocess method
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of HIT solar cells to recycle preprocess method, belongs to photovoltaic material recycling technical field.
Background technique
It is the monocrystalline silicon of n-type doping that HIT solar cell, which is with substrate, and respectively there are the amorphous silicon layer of layer in top and bottom, top Layer is to form the P-type non-crystalline silicon that PN junction plays photoelectric conversion with N-type substrate；There is the bottom of bigger doping concentration than N-type substrate Stratotype amorphous silicon, the TCO electro-conductive glass (idealization) for playing a dual role of light transmission and antireflective is top and bottom, and in most external It is constituted with silk-screen printing silver electrode.For discarded HIT solar cell, still there are many values recycled: being present in TCO conduction The silver in rare metal indium, silicon wafer and electrode in glass.Currently, studying both at home and abroad about the recycling of indium mainly with smelting containing indium Refining waste residue, flue dust, in ITO target of giving up containing indium based on the recycling of indium, and from silicon/crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cell transparent conductive electrode The research for recycling indium metal is also very rare.Meanwhile directly that the dissolution recycling of HIT solar cell will lead to impurity is numerous, influences The recycling of indium, silver and silicon wafer in HIT solar cell.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of HIT solar cells to recycle preprocess method, removes HIT using sodium hydroxide Back aluminium, aluminium alloy and the silver electrode of solar cell；Anti-reflection layer in TCO electro-conductive glass is removed using hydrofluoric acid；Using hydrogen-oxygen Change sodium and dissolve silicic acid, air is passed through after filtering and extracts silicic acid, heating dehydration generates silica；Using nitric acid dissolution, sodium chloride Precipitating, the mode of iron replacement purify silver electrode, do pretreatment for indium in recycling HIT solar cell TCO electro-conductive glass and prepare, together When, silver is recycled from discarded HIT solar cell.The rate of recovery of the indium in subsequent TOC electro-conductive glass is helped to improve, meanwhile, it returns Silver, the part silicon in HIT solar cell are received, the raw material reuse ratio of discarded component is improved.
Specifically, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows: a kind of HIT solar cell recycling preprocess method, feature exist In including the following steps:
1) discarded HIT solar cell is chosen, through cutting and crushing at HIT solar cell sub-block；
2) back aluminium, aluminium alloy and the part silver electrode of HIT solar cell sub-block are removed using sodium hydroxide；Part silver electricity Pole is separated with HIT solar cell sub-block；
3) the silicon nitride anti-reflection layer of HIT solar cell sub-block, remaining silver electrode and HIT solar cell are removed using hydrofluoric acid Sub-block separation；
4) processing step 2) and the silver electrode isolated of step 3): silver electrode is impregnated through NaOH solution, filter out silver and To filtrate；
The processing of the silver filtered out: sodium chloride is added to generate precipitating, iron replacement in nitric acid dissolution；It removes in filtrate not Molten silicic acid.
Since HIT solar cell is respectively back aluminium, anti-reflection layer, silicon substrate, so need to be located outside in from outside to inside Reason, i.e. step 2) 3) sequentially cannot change；Step 4) carries out to reduce after the completion of step 3) use of reaction solution；Step 1) it is contact area in order to increase HIT solar cell and reaction solution, therefore HIT solar cell is broken into fritter.
In step 4), the specific steps of silicic acid insoluble in filtrate are removed are as follows: be constantly passed through air toward filtrate, obtain insoluble Silicic acid, chemical equation are as follows:
2NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2O (8)
Na2SiO3+CO2+H2O=H2SiO3↓+Na2CO3 (9)
Na2CO3+CO2+H2O=2NaHCO3 (10)
In step 4), insoluble silicic acid precipitating is filtered out, is cleaned, 80-90 DEG C of heating obtain SiO2Solid, for purifying Elemental silicon.
In step 2), HIT solar cell sub-block is soaked in 5%-10% NaOH solution 20-under the conditions of 80-90 DEG C 40min。
In step 3), HIT solar cell sub-block impregnates 10-20min in 10%-20% HF solution.
In step 4), the specific steps of the processing of the silver filtered out are as follows: the galactic longitude dilute nitric acid dissolution filtered out obtains nitric acid Silver-colored solution；Sodium chloride is added into obtained silver nitrate solution, obtains AgCl precipitating；Obtained AgCl is precipitated anti-with iron powder It answers, displaces Ag；Ag powder is obtained by filtration.
Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects obtained by the present invention are as follows are as follows:
Indium is impure caused by back aluminium, alusil alloy and silver bar when the present invention solves indium in recycling HIT solar cell asks Topic, can be improved the rate of recovery of indium in HIT solar cell, so that dependence of the mankind to primary indium is reduced, to discarded photovoltaic module Minimizing, recycling have important meaning.
The invention proposes the methods of silver recovery in HIT component, improve the raw material reuse ratio of HIT solar cell, subtract Few silver loss and waste, has important meaning to the recycling of silver.
The present invention proposes the recovery method of silicon in HIT component preprocesses, improves the recycling of silicon, to the mitigation mankind couple The demand burden of the compound of silicon and silicon is of great significance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the method for the present invention；
The response curve of Fig. 2 solution of indium absorbance；
The relationship of Fig. 3 solution of indium absorbance and concentration.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below.Following embodiment is only used for clearly illustrating technical side of the invention Case, and not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
Discarded HIT solar cell is pre-processed in order to realize, the present invention provides a kind of HIT solar cell pretreatment side Method executes in accordance with the following steps referring to Fig. 1:
One, HIT battery pre-processes
Choose a piece of discarded single side HIT solar cell, silicon cell part size is 155x155mm, and surrounding falls the straight angle 15mm；Aluminium back board part is 157x157mm, the surrounding 13mm of falling the straight angle；Full wafer battery weight is 9.708g, and integral thickness is about 200mm.Through cutting machine cutting and crushing at the biggish sub-block of area.
90ml deionized water is measured with graduated cylinder to pour into beaker, is weighed and is mixed in 10g piece alkali (i.e. sodium hydroxide) addition beaker It closes, stirring is configured to 10% Na OH solution 100ml.
Discarded HIT solar cell sub-block is put into beaker, 10% Na OH solution 50ml is added, places the beaker On 90 DEG C of warm table, HIT solar cell sub-block is soaked in 10% NaOH solution 30min (herein, hundred under the conditions of 90 DEG C The unit for dividing ratio is g/ml), back aluminium and alusil alloy layer are removed, in the process, part silver electrode is sub from HIT solar cell Block falls off, HIT solar cell sub-block, that is, HIT solar cell fragment).Its chemical equation are as follows:
2Al+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H2↑ (1)
Si+2NaOH+H2O=Na2SiO3+2H2↑ (2)
(i.e. HIT solar cell sub-block is soaked in 10% NaOH under the conditions of 90 DEG C after removing back aluminium and alusil alloy layer After solution 30min), filtering (separation of solid and liquid) goes out the silver electrode (back side silver electrode, i.e. back silver) and HIT sun electricity that part has fallen off Pond fragment, and it is respectively washed silver electrode and HIT solar cell fragment and wiped clean with deionized water, it is dried up with hair dryer.
Pure solution 12.5ml is analyzed with the HF that syringe measures 40%, 37.5ml deionized water is measured with graduated cylinder, modeling is added It mixes in material cup, is stirred with sticking plaster, be configured to 10% HF solution 50ml.
Cleaned HIT solar cell fragment is placed in another plastic cup, 10% HF solution 50ml is added, is impregnated During which 20min is stirred with sticking plaster, remove silicon nitride anti-reflection layer, in the process, remaining silver electrode is broken from HIT solar cell Piece falls off.Its chemical equation are as follows:
Si3N4+HF+9H2O=3H2SiO3+4NH4F (3)
After removing silicon nitride anti-reflection layer, filtering (separation of solid and liquid) go out remaining silver electrode (positive silver electrode, i.e., positive silver) and HIT solar cell fragment, and it is respectively washed silver electrode and HIT solar cell fragment and wiped clean with deionized water, with blowing Machine drying.HIT solar cell fragment is stayed for the recycling of subsequent indium and silicon wafer recycling.
The silver electrode for taking out two secondary responses (removes the silver electrode filtered out after back aluminium and alusil alloy layer and except denitrification The remaining silver electrode filtered out after SiClx anti-reflection layer), impregnated through 10% NaOH solution, filter out silver, save its filtrate (after It is continuous to remove silicic acid insoluble in filtrate), chemical reaction are as follows:
H2SiO3+ 2NaOH=Na2SiO3+2H2O (4)
The silver that will filter out is cleaned with deionized water, is dried drying, is placed in sky beaker, through 6mol/L dilute nitric acid dissolution, Obtain silver nitrate solution.Its chemical equation are as follows:
3Ag+4HNO3=3AgNO3+NO↑+2H2O (5)
Sodium chloride, i.e. edible salt are added into obtained silver nitrate solution, is stirred continuously with glass bar, and filters out AgCl Precipitating.Its chemical equation are as follows:
AgNO3+ NaCl=AgCl ↓+NaNO3 (6)
Obtained AgCl precipitating is placed in sky beaker, deionized water is added, iron powder is then added, is placed in 90 DEG C of warm tables On, 1h is impregnated, Ag is displaced.Its chemical equation are as follows:
3AgCl+Fe=3Ag+FeCl3 (7)
It filters out dry after Ag powder, iron powder is sucked out with magnet, repeat the above steps (4)-(7), until silver is all set to It swaps out.
The filtrate obtained after filtering silver is taken, air is constantly passed through toward filtrate, obtains insoluble silicic acid, chemical equation Are as follows:
2NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2O (8)
Na2SiO3+CO2+H2O=H2SiO3↓+Na2CO3 (9)
Na2CO3+CO2+H2O=2NaHCO3 (10)
Silicic acid precipitating is filtered out, is washed with deionized water, is placed in crucible, crucible is placed on 90 DEG C of warm tables and is heated, it can Obtain SiO2Solid can be used for purifying simple substance silicon.Its chemical equation are as follows:
H2SiO3=H2O+SiO2 (11)
Two, indium content is tested in solution
After HIT solar cell is handled through recycling preprocess method above-mentioned, need to carry out the cell piece after processing Resolution, the specific steps are as follows: cleared up using 10ml concentrated nitric acid, temperature setting is 160 DEG C, is placed in constant temperature on electric heating platform and adds Heat, cap upper surface ware heat 1h, obtain digestion solution.In order to know content of the indium in digestion solution, test can be passed through in advance Indium standard solution absorbing wavelength under certain conditions and coefficient, then pass through the absorption of test experiments sample under certain condition Degree, pushes away the content of indium in the solution with counter.Take the indium that concentration is 1000ug/ml, 100ug/ml, 10ug/ml, 1ug/ml molten respectively Liquid 5ml tests it on spectrophotometer and absorbs wave wavelength.
As seen from Figure 2, in wavelength peak in 200~250nm, the wavelength of indium is more to meet extinction at 237nm The relationship directly proportional to solution concentration is spent, therefore the curve is taken to be used in subsequent analysis solution of indium concentration.In Fig. 3, solid line is Indium standard solution test experiments curve obtained, dotted line are the matched curve of indium standard solution.Solution each element content after acidleach is such as Following table l:
Each content of material after 1 HIT solar cell fragment acidleach of table
As known from Table 1, the acidleach rate of In is 97.45%, to improve the rate of recovery of indium in HIT solar cell.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, several improvement and deformations can also be made, these improvement and deformations Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of HIT solar cell recycles preprocess method, which comprises the steps of:
1) discarded HIT solar cell is chosen, through cutting and crushing at HIT solar cell sub-block；
2) back aluminium, aluminium alloy and the part silver electrode of HIT solar cell sub-block are removed using sodium hydroxide；Part silver electrode with The separation of HIT solar cell sub-block；
3) the silicon nitride anti-reflection layer of HIT solar cell sub-block, remaining silver electrode and HIT solar cell sub-block are removed using hydrofluoric acid Separation；
4) processing step 2) and the silver electrode isolated of step 3): silver electrode is impregnated through NaOH solution, is filtered out silver and is filtered Liquid；
The processing of the silver filtered out: sodium chloride is added to generate precipitating, iron replacement in nitric acid dissolution；It removes insoluble in filtrate Silicic acid.
2. a kind of HIT solar cell according to claim 1 recycles preprocess method, which is characterized in that in step 4), remove Go the specific steps of silicic acid insoluble in filtrate are as follows: be constantly passed through air toward filtrate, obtain insoluble silicic acid, chemical equation Are as follows:
2NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2O (8)
Na2SiO3+CO2+H2O=H2SiO3↓+Na2CO3 (9)
Na2CO3+CO2+H2O=2NaHCO3 (10)
3. a kind of HIT solar cell according to claim 2 recycles preprocess method, which is characterized in that, will in step 4) Insoluble silicic acid precipitating filters out, and cleans, and 80-90 DEG C of heating obtain SiO2Solid is used for purifying simple substance silicon.
4. a kind of HIT solar cell according to claim 1 recycles preprocess method, which is characterized in that in step 2), HIT solar cell sub-block is soaked in 5-10% 20-40min of NaOH solution under the conditions of 80-90 DEG C.
5. a kind of HIT solar cell according to claim 1 recycles preprocess method, which is characterized in that in step 3), HIT solar cell sub-block impregnates 10-20min in 10%-20% HF solution.
6. a kind of HIT solar cell according to claim 1 recycles preprocess method, which is characterized in that in step 4), mistake The specific steps of the processing of the silver filtered out are as follows: the galactic longitude dilute nitric acid dissolution filtered out obtains silver nitrate solution；Toward obtained nitric acid Sodium chloride is added in silver-colored solution, obtains AgCl precipitating；Obtained AgCl is precipitated and is reacted with iron powder, Ag is displaced；It is obtained by filtration Ag powder.
CN201910664569.0A 2019-07-23 2019-07-23 A kind of HIT solar cell recycling preprocess method Pending CN110273069A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111650022A (en) * 2020-07-20 2020-09-11 河海大学常州校区 Method for determining silicon nitride film in HIT solar cell
CN111719043A (en) * 2020-06-09 2020-09-29 山西潞安太阳能科技有限责任公司 Method for recycling waste solar cell
CN115117184A (en) * 2022-06-28 2022-09-27 河海大学 Method for determining structure of heterojunction solar cell to be recovered

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CN109576495A (en) * 2018-12-03 2019-04-05 乐山新天源太阳能科技有限公司 A kind of solar battery sheet recovery and treatment method

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CN103978021A (en) * 2014-05-08 2014-08-13 刘景洋 Waste crystalline silicon solar cell panel disassembling and recovering method
CN109576495A (en) * 2018-12-03 2019-04-05 乐山新天源太阳能科技有限公司 A kind of solar battery sheet recovery and treatment method

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Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111719043A (en) * 2020-06-09 2020-09-29 山西潞安太阳能科技有限责任公司 Method for recycling waste solar cell
CN111650022A (en) * 2020-07-20 2020-09-11 河海大学常州校区 Method for determining silicon nitride film in HIT solar cell
CN115117184A (en) * 2022-06-28 2022-09-27 河海大学 Method for determining structure of heterojunction solar cell to be recovered
CN115117184B (en) * 2022-06-28 2024-04-30 河海大学 Method for determining heterojunction solar cell structure to be recovered

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Application publication date: 20190924