CN110271245B - 聚氨酯彩钢板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

聚氨酯彩钢板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110271245B
CN110271245B CN201910558133.3A CN201910558133A CN110271245B CN 110271245 B CN110271245 B CN 110271245B CN 201910558133 A CN201910558133 A CN 201910558133A CN 110271245 B CN110271245 B CN 110271245B
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color steel
steel plate
polyurethane
component
parts
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CN110271245A (zh
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王茂柳
王茂功
王加祥
王佰林
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Shandong Hongxinyuan Steel Plate Co ltd
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Shandong Hongxinyuan Steel Plate Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于聚氨酯发泡材料技术领域，具体的涉及一种聚氨酯彩钢板及其制备方法。包括上下两层彩钢板和中间夹层，中间夹层为硬质发泡聚氨酯，彩钢板材质为铝镁锰合金材质；硬质发泡聚氨酯由A组分和B组分组成，A组分与B组分的重量比为100：170‑175，A组分以总量100份计，原料组成如下：聚醚多元醇15‑20份，聚醚酯多元醇30‑35份，聚酯多元醇20‑25份，发泡剂15‑20份，阻燃剂10‑14份，催化剂0.05‑4份。本发明所述的聚氨酯彩钢板，闭孔结构使其不会产生吸水膨胀现象，结合面层材料对水的阻隔作用，使材料具有防潮、防水的特点，且复合板材的稳定性好。

Description

聚氨酯彩钢板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯发泡材料技术领域，具体的涉及一种聚氨酯彩钢板及其制备方法。
背景技术
伴随着城市化进程的日益发展和人民生活品质的不断提高，人们对室内环境舒适度的要求也越来越高，空调能耗也随之大幅度的增加，据统计，我国建筑耗能比例已经达到全社会能耗的35％，建筑的巨大能耗将成为制约经济、社会可持续发展的重要原因，因此，降低建筑能耗、节约能源、开发新能源是提高能源利用效率，保护环境，促进社会可持续发展的重要途径。
硬质聚氨酯泡沫是在发泡剂、催化剂和泡沫稳定剂等存在的情况下，由多元醇和异氰酸酯反应制得。由于硬质聚氨酯泡沫重量轻、绝热性好等特点，广泛用于城市供热管道、冷藏设备等领域。
硬质聚氨酯泡沫均匀的填满空腔并且不留空隙是重要的，以使与外层的结合尽可能的好，从而制备能够保证良好隔热的稳定性结构。硬质聚氨酯泡沫性能优越，成型简单、施工方便，被广泛用作各种绝热、防震、隔音材料、轻质结构以及包装材料。
铝镁锰聚氨酯板是一种常见的建筑结构用板。铝镁锰这种板材非常特殊，可做成钢结构建筑(厂房、车间、会展中心、购物中心、地铁站等)的墙面板、屋面板等，其优势有：屈服强度高，通过加工和热处理方法，可以达到很高的强度；具有自我防锈能力，可防止金属氧化锈蚀，耐酸碱性好；表面处理多样、美观；良好的导电性能；安装方便，可以铆接等多种方式连接；环保，100％可循环回收利用。
铝镁锰这种材质的外板可大大提高墙面板和屋面板的使用年限，解决了普通屋面板易生锈的难题。铝镁锰板材被大量单独应用于建筑墙面或屋面，但没有完整的粘接技术与聚氨酯发泡产品形成复合产品，起不到隔热保温、阻燃隔音等效果，且聚氨酯发泡产品的抗形变性不好。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种聚氨酯彩钢板及其制备方法。该彩钢板聚氨酯闭孔结构使其不会产生吸水膨胀现象，结合彩钢板对水的阻隔作用，使材料具有防潮、防水的特点，且复合板材的稳定性好。
本发明所述的聚氨酯彩钢板，包括上下两层彩钢板和中间夹层，中间夹层为硬质发泡聚氨酯，彩钢板材质为铝镁锰合金材质；硬质发泡聚氨酯由A组分和B组分组成，A组分与B 组分的重量比为100：170-175，A组分以总量100份计，原料组成如下：
Figure BDA0002107448770000021
其中：
聚酯多元醇由聚酯多元醇A与聚酯多元醇B复配而成。
聚酯多元醇A羟值为200-220mg KOH/g，官能度为2.2，粘度为3000-6000Mpa·s，酸值≤1.5mg KOH/g，优选南京红宝丽公司的HP2204。
聚酯多元醇B是羟值为430-500mg KOH/g，官能度为3的聚酯多元醇，优选苯酐聚酯多元醇A001系列。
聚醚多元醇是以甘油、二甘醇和蔗糖为起始剂，以二乙胺为催化剂，与环氧丙烷反应制备得到，反应温度为120-150℃，反应压力≤0.6MPa。
聚醚酯多元醇的羟值为50-80mgKOH/g，酸值≤0.05mgKOH/g，官能度为2；优选山东一诺威新材料有限公司的2000T。
B组分为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)与多亚苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PMDI)的混合物。
发泡剂是水、戊烷和甲酸的混合物。
阻燃剂是可膨胀石墨、乙烷膦酸二乙酯和磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯的混合物，可膨胀石墨、乙烷膦酸二乙酯、磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯的质量份数比为2-3:3-5:3-5。
催化剂为三乙胺与有机锡盐的混合物，有机锡盐是二辛酸锡或二月桂酸二丁基锡中的一种或两种。
本发明所述的聚氨酯彩钢板的制备方法，具体是上下两层彩钢板通过压型机压合成型，下层彩钢板喷胶，由高压发泡机将发泡浆料均匀的浇筑在上下彩钢板之间，然后经双履带成型机压合成型，切割即得成品。
铝镁锰材质十分柔软，压型十分困难，在制作铝镁锰屋面板的时候，不仅要解决聚氨酯发泡填充的难度，重点是铝镁锰面板的压型问题，通过对压型机成型轮间隙的调整解决铝镁锰面板的压型问题，调整方式为统一上下轮整体基数，上下间隙数值为0.44mm。
在产品生产过程中，将下钢板滴胶形式改成了喷胶形式，对胶黏剂喷头的出胶量进行调整，提高5％的出胶量，由于喷头是滴胶均胶的方式，因而增加了聚氨酯原料与胶水的反应面积及反应时间，使得聚氨酯原料与胶水的反应粘接加长，增加了粘接的牢固性。
制备过程参数如下：设定线速6m/min，在线发泡拉丝时间40s，触板时间28s，料温21℃，出枪温度25℃，下钢板温度23℃。
发泡浆料的制备方法如下：
A组分的制备：将聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇和聚醚酯多元醇投入反应釜中搅拌，然后依次加入催化剂和发泡剂，在室温条件下搅拌1.0-1.2小时，即得A组分；
B组分的制备：将阻燃剂置于反应釜中，加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和多亚苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PMDI)的混合物，搅拌1.3-1.5h，取样检测，-NCO的质量含量达到28-30％；降温到40-45℃，密封保存。
聚酯多元 醇A为芳香族聚酯多元醇，芳香族聚酯的分子结构中含有苯环结构，增加了聚氨酯分子链段中的苯环结构，以此制得的泡沫具有强度高、韧性好、导热系数低、阻燃性能好等优点。
发泡剂是水、戊烷和甲酸的混合物，与异氰酸酯集团反应形成二氧化碳，在甲酸的情况下，形成二氧化碳和一氧化碳，水和甲酸完全或部分的溶于多元醇组分中，并且戊烷在线引入。
本发明所述的聚醚酯多元醇既具有良好的机械性能，同时不易水解。
聚醚酯多元醇的制备方法如下：
聚醚多元醇是以甘油、二甘醇和蔗糖为起始剂，以二乙胺为催化剂，与环氧丙烷反应制备得到，反应温度为120-150℃，反应压力≤0.6MPa。
聚醚多元醇具体的制备方法如下：首先将甘油、二甘醇、蔗糖和二乙胺催化剂加入反应器中，负压情况下，搅拌加热至90-100℃，加入环氧丙烷，环氧丙烷控制在5小时内加完，反应过程中压力小于0.6MPa，熟化3-4小时，降温放料。
采用本发明所述的聚醚多元醇应用于硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制作，尺寸稳定性好。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明所述的聚氨酯彩钢板，闭孔结构使其不会产生吸水膨胀现象，结合面层材料对水的阻隔作用，使材料具有防潮、防水的特点，且复合板材的稳定性好，-30℃时长度方向尺寸变形≤0.05％，宽度方向尺寸变形≤0.06％，厚度方向尺寸变形≤0.06％；+80℃时长度方向尺寸变形≤0.8％，宽度方向尺寸变形≤0.8％，厚度方向尺寸变形≤0.1％。
(2)本发明所述的聚氨酯彩钢板，制备方法操作简单，实现了工业化连续生产，提高了生产效率，具有隔热保温、阻燃隔音、防火、耐腐蚀、环保、安装方便、使用年限长的优点。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1
一种聚氨酯彩钢板，包括上下两层彩钢板和中间夹层，中间夹层为硬质发泡聚氨酯，彩钢板材质为铝镁锰合金材质；硬质发泡聚氨酯由A组分和B组分组成，A组分与B组分的重量比为100：170，A组分以总量100份计，原料组成如下：
Figure BDA0002107448770000041
其中：
聚酯多元醇由聚酯多元醇A与聚酯多元醇B复配而成。
聚酯多元醇A为南京红宝丽公司的HP2204。
聚酯多元醇B是羟值为430-500mg KOH/g，官能度为3的聚酯多元醇。
聚醚多元醇具体的制备方法如下：首先将甘油36g、二甘醇48g、蔗糖312g和二乙胺催化剂24g加入反应器中，负压情况下，搅拌加热至105℃，先加入环氧丙烷15.6g，待压力达到正压，加入环氧丙烷750g，反应压力≤0.6MPa，环氧丙烷控制在5小时内加完，分两次加入，第一次加入反应过程中压力小于0.6MPa，熟化3-4小时，降温放料。
聚醚酯多元醇为山东一诺威新材料有限公司的2000T。
B组分为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)与多亚苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PMDI)的混合物。
发泡剂是水、戊烷和甲酸的混合物。
阻燃剂是可膨胀石墨、乙烷膦酸二乙酯和磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯的混合物，可膨胀石墨、乙烷膦酸二乙酯、磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯的质量份数比为2.5:4:3.5。
催化剂为三乙胺与二辛酸锡的混合物。
本发明所述的聚氨酯彩钢板的制备方法，具体是上下两层彩钢板通过压型机压合成型，下层彩钢板喷胶，由高压发泡机将发泡浆料均匀的浇筑在上下彩钢板之间，然后经双履带成型机压合成型，切割即得成品。
发泡浆料的制备方法如下：
A组分的制备：将聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇和聚醚酯多元醇投入反应釜中搅拌，然后依次加入催化剂和发泡剂，在室温条件下搅拌1.0小时，即得A组分。
B组分的制备：将阻燃剂置于反应釜中，加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和多亚苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PMDI)的混合物，搅拌1.4h，取样检测，-NCO的质量含量达到28％；降温到40℃，密封保存。
实施例2
本发明所述的聚氨酯彩钢板，包括上下两层彩钢板和中间夹层，中间夹层为硬质发泡聚氨酯，彩钢板材质为铝镁锰合金材质；硬质发泡聚氨酯由A组分和B组分组成，A组分与B 组分的重量比为100：175，A组分以总量100份计，原料组成如下：
Figure BDA0002107448770000051
其中：
聚酯多元醇由聚酯多元醇A与聚酯多元醇B复配而成。
聚酯多元醇A为南京红宝丽公司的HP2204。
聚酯多元醇B是羟值为430-500mg KOH/g，官能度为3的聚酯多元醇。
聚醚多元醇具体的制备方法如下：首先将甘油36g、二甘醇48g、蔗糖312g和二乙胺催化剂24g加入反应器中，负压情况下，搅拌加热至105℃，先加入环氧丙烷15.6g，待压力达到正压，加入环氧丙烷750g，反应压力≤0.6MPa，环氧丙烷控制在5小时内加完，分两次加入，第一次加入反应过程中压力小于0.6MPa，熟化3-4小时，降温放料。
聚醚酯多元醇为山东一诺威新材料有限公司的2000T。
B组分为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)与多亚苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PMDI)的混合物。
发泡剂是水、戊烷和甲酸的混合物。
阻燃剂是可膨胀石墨、乙烷膦酸二乙酯和磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯的混合物，可膨胀石墨、乙烷膦酸二乙酯、磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯的质量份数比为3:3.5:5。
催化剂为三乙胺与二月桂酸二丁基锡的混合物。
本发明所述的聚氨酯彩钢板的制备方法，具体是上下两层彩钢板通过压型机压合成型，下层彩钢板喷胶，由高压发泡机将发泡浆料均匀的浇筑在上下彩钢板之间，然后经双履带成型机压合成型，切割即得成品。
发泡浆料的制备方法如下：
A组分的制备：将聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇和聚醚酯多元醇投入反应釜中搅拌，然后依次加入催化剂和发泡剂，在室温条件下搅拌1.2小时，即得A组分；
B组分的制备：将阻燃剂置于反应釜中，加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和多亚苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PMDI)的混合物，搅拌1.5h，取样检测，-NCO的质量含量达到30％；降温到45℃，密封保存。
实施例3
本发明所述的聚氨酯彩钢板，包括上下两层彩钢板和中间夹层，彩钢板材质为铝镁锰合金材质；中间夹层为硬质发泡聚氨酯，硬质发泡聚氨酯由A组分和B组分组成，A组分与B 组分的重量比为100：173，A组分以总量100份计，原料组成如下：
Figure BDA0002107448770000061
其中：
聚酯多元醇由聚酯多元醇A与聚酯多元醇B复配而成。
聚酯多元醇A为南京红宝丽公司的HP2204。
聚酯多元醇B是羟值为430-500mg KOH/g，官能度为3的聚酯多元醇。
聚醚多元醇是以甘油、二甘醇和蔗糖为起始剂，以二乙胺为催化剂，与环氧丙烷反应制备得到，反应温度为120-150℃，反应压力≤0.6MPa。
聚醚酯多元醇为山东一诺威新材料有限公司的2000T。
B组分为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)与多亚苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PMDI)的混合物。
发泡剂是水、戊烷和甲酸的混合物。
阻燃剂是可膨胀石墨、乙烷膦酸二乙酯和磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯的混合物，可膨胀石墨、乙烷膦酸二乙酯、磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯的质量份数比为2.5:3:4。
催化剂为三乙胺、二辛酸锡和二月桂酸二丁基锡的混合物。
本发明所述的聚氨酯彩钢板的制备方法，具体是上下两层彩钢板通过压型机压合成型，下层彩钢板喷胶，由高压发泡机将发泡浆料均匀的浇筑在上下彩钢板之间，然后经双履带成型机压合成型，切割即得成品。
发泡浆料的制备方法如下：
A组分的制备：将聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇和聚醚酯多元醇投入反应釜中搅拌，然后依次加入催化剂和发泡剂，在室温条件下搅拌1.1小时，即得A组分；
B组分的制备：将阻燃剂置于反应釜中，加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和多亚苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PMDI)的混合物，搅拌1.4h，取样检测，-NCO的质量含量达到29％；降温到40℃，密封保存。
对实施例1-3制备的聚氨酯产品进行性能测试就，结果如下：
表1实施例1-3聚氨酯性能测试结果对比表
Figure BDA0002107448770000071

Claims (6)

1.一种聚氨酯彩钢板，包括上下两层彩钢板和中间夹层，中间夹层为硬质发泡聚氨酯，其特征在于：彩钢板材质为铝镁锰合金材质；硬质发泡聚氨酯由A组分和B组分组成，A组分与B组分的重量比为100：170-175，A组分以总量100份计，原料组成如下：
聚醚多元醇 15-20份
聚醚酯多元醇 30-35份
聚酯多元醇 20-25份
发泡剂 15-20份
阻燃剂 10-14份
催化剂 0.05-4份；
其中：
聚酯多元醇由聚酯多元醇A与聚酯多元醇B复配而成，聚酯多元醇A羟值为200-220mgKOH/g，官能度为2.2，粘度为3000-6000MPa·s，酸值≤1.5mg KOH/g；聚酯多元醇B是羟值为430-500mg KOH/g，官能度为3的聚酯多元醇；
聚醚多元醇是以甘油、二甘醇和蔗糖为起始剂，以二乙胺为催化剂，与环氧丙烷反应制备得到，反应温度为120-150℃，反应压力≤0.6MPa；
聚醚酯多元醇是羟值为50-80mgKOH/g，酸值≤0.05mg KOH/g，官能度为2；
B组分为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与多亚苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯彩钢板，其特征在于：发泡剂是水、戊烷和甲酸的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯彩钢板，其特征在于：阻燃剂是可膨胀石墨、乙烷膦酸二乙酯和磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯的混合物，可膨胀石墨、乙烷膦酸二乙酯、磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯的质量份数比为2-3:3-5:3-5。
4.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯彩钢板，其特征在于：催化剂为三乙胺与有机锡盐的混合物，有机锡盐是二辛酸锡或二月桂酸二丁基锡中的一种或两种。
5.一种权利要求1所述的聚氨酯彩钢板的制备方法，其特征在于：上下两层彩钢板通过压型机压合成型，由高压发泡机将发泡浆料均匀的浇筑在上下彩钢板之间，然后经双履带成型机压合成型，切割即得成品。
6.根据权利要求5所述的聚氨酯彩钢板的制备方法，其特征在于：对压型机成型轮间隙进行调整，调整方式为统一上下轮整体基数，上下间隙数值为0.44mm。
CN201910558133.3A 2019-06-26 2019-06-26 聚氨酯彩钢板及其制备方法 Active CN110271245B (zh)

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