CN110270894B - Method for processing axisymmetric through hole by ultrasonic impact - Google Patents

Method for processing axisymmetric through hole by ultrasonic impact Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110270894B
CN110270894B CN201910626148.9A CN201910626148A CN110270894B CN 110270894 B CN110270894 B CN 110270894B CN 201910626148 A CN201910626148 A CN 201910626148A CN 110270894 B CN110270894 B CN 110270894B
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workpiece
machined
axisymmetric
processed
hole
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CN110270894A (en
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颜炳姜
李伟秋
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Conprofe Technology Group Co Ltd
Smartguy Intelligent Equipment Co Ltd Guangzhou Branch
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Conprofe Technology Group Co Ltd
Smartguy Intelligent Equipment Co Ltd Guangzhou Branch
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • B24B1/04—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes subjecting the grinding or polishing tools, the abrading or polishing medium or work to vibration, e.g. grinding with ultrasonic frequency
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/02—Frames; Beds; Carriages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
    • B24B47/20—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor relating to feed movement

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for processing an axisymmetric through hole by ultrasonic impact, which processes a workpiece to be processed by first feeding pressure, and when the residual processing amount W of the workpiece to be processed1And when the preset value is reached, the tool head is far away from the workpiece to be processed, the numerical control rotary table is rotated by 180 degrees, the back surface of the workpiece to be processed faces the tool head, an outlet of the axisymmetric through hole is processed on the back surface of the workpiece to be processed by third feeding pressure, the outlet is communicated with the inlet, and the axisymmetric through hole penetrating through the workpiece to be processed is formed. Due to the residual processing amount W of the workpiece to be processed1During machining, the workpiece to be machined is turned over by 180 degrees and then machined, so that the phenomenon that the edge of the workpiece to be machined is broken at the outlet of the axisymmetric through hole can be effectively avoided.

Description

Method for processing axisymmetric through hole by ultrasonic impact
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a method for machining an axisymmetric through hole by ultrasonic impact.
Background
Ultrasonic machining is a shaping method for machining hard and brittle materials by abrasive suspensions using ultrasonic vibration of the end face of a tool head. Is suitable for processing hard and brittle materials with excellent physical, chemical and mechanical properties such as optical glass, ceramics, silicon carbide and the like.
When the ultrasonic machining is carried out, suspension liquid mixed by liquid and abrasive materials is added between a tool head and a workpiece, pressure is applied in the vibration direction of the tool head, ultrasonic frequency electric oscillation generated by an ultrasonic generator is converted into mechanical vibration of ultrasonic frequency through an ultrasonic transducer, an amplitude transformer amplifies the amplitude and transmits the amplified amplitude to the tool head, the end face of the tool head is driven to carry out ultrasonic vibration, the suspended abrasive materials in the suspension liquid are forced to continuously impact and polish the machined surface at a high speed under the ultrasonic vibration of the tool head, and materials in a machining area are crushed into fine particles and are beaten from the materials.
When the traditional ultrasonic processing method is adopted to carry out axial symmetry through hole impact processing on a hard and brittle material (such as glass), edge breakage is easily generated at the outlet of the axial symmetry through hole formed by the hard and brittle material.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a method for processing an axisymmetric through hole by ultrasonic impact, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of edge chipping.
A method for processing an axisymmetric through hole by ultrasonic impact comprises the following steps:
placing a workpiece to be processed on a numerical control rotary table, and assembling the numerical control rotary table on a workbench of a machine tool;
supplying abrasive to the machining area;
starting an ultrasonic generator, wherein the ultrasonic generator generates ultrasonic frequency electric energy, an ultrasonic transducer converts the ultrasonic frequency electric energy into mechanical energy of ultrasonic vibration, and an amplitude transformer amplifies the amplitude and gathers the energy;
the tool head at the tail end of the amplitude transformer is fed downwards in the direction close to the workpiece to be machined through first feeding pressure, the workpiece to be machined is machined, and the cross section of the tool head is in an axisymmetric shape;
when the residual machining amount W of the workpiece to be machined1When the preset value is reached, the tool head is far away from the workpiece to be processed;
rotating the numerical control turntable by 180 degrees to enable the back of the workpiece to be machined to face the tool head;
the tool head at the tail end of the amplitude transformer is moved downwards to be fed towards the direction close to the workpiece to be processed by third feeding pressure, so that the mechanical energy of the end surface of the tool head is ensured to enable the grinding materials to impact the workpiece to be processed, and an outlet of an axisymmetric through hole is processed on the back surface of the workpiece to be processed;
the outlet is communicated with the inlet to form an axisymmetric through hole penetrating through the workpiece to be processed.
In one embodiment, after the entrance of the axisymmetric through hole is machined in the workpiece to be machined by the first feeding pressure, the downward pressure borne by the ultrasonic transducer and the amplitude transformer is adjusted, and the workpiece to be machined is continuously machined by utilizing a second feeding pressure, wherein the second feeding pressure is greater than the first feeding pressure and the third feeding pressure.
In one embodiment, the residual working amount W1The preset value of (A) is in the range of 0.1 mm-0.5 mm.
In one embodiment, the residual working amount W1The range of the preset value is 0.2 mm-0.3 mm.
In one embodiment, after the outlet of the axisymmetrical through hole is machined on the back surface of the workpiece to be machined by the third feeding pressure, the downward pressure borne by the ultrasonic transducer and the amplitude transformer is adjusted, and the workpiece to be machined is continuously machined by using the second feeding pressure, wherein the second feeding pressure is greater than the third feeding pressure and the first feeding pressure.
In one embodiment, the first feed pressure ranges from 60kPa to 200kPa, the second feed pressure ranges from 200kPa to 400kPa, and the third feed pressure ranges from 60kPa to 150 kPa.
In one embodiment, the remaining machining amount W of the workpiece to be machined1= total thickness of workpiece to be machined WGeneral assemblyThe processed quantity W of the workpiece to be processed2Wherein the processed amount W of the workpiece to be processed2The range of values of (A) is 0.1 mm-0.5 mm.
In one embodiment, the processed amount W of the workpiece to be processed2The range of values of (A) is 0.2 mm-0.3 mm.
In one embodiment, the step of rotating the numerical control turntable by 180 degrees to enable the back surface of the workpiece to be processed to face the tool head further comprises the following steps:
and adjusting the position of the numerical control turntable relative to the tool head to enable the tool head to be over against the projection of the entrance of the axisymmetric through hole of the workpiece to be processed in the processing direction, wherein the central axis of the tool head is superposed with the central axis of the entrance of the axisymmetric through hole.
In one embodiment, the step of adjusting the position of the numerical control turntable relative to the tool head specifically includes:
adjusting the position of the numerical control rotary table relative to the machine tool workbench; or
The position of the tool head relative to the machine tool table is adjusted.
The method for processing the axisymmetric through hole by ultrasonic impact at least has the following advantages:
during the processing, the workpiece to be processed is processed by the first feeding pressure, and when the residual processing amount W of the workpiece to be processed is1And when the preset value is reached, the tool head is far away from the workpiece to be processed, the numerical control rotary table is rotated by 180 degrees, the back surface of the workpiece to be processed faces the tool head, an outlet of the axisymmetric through hole is processed on the back surface of the workpiece to be processed by third feeding pressure, the outlet is communicated with the inlet, and the axisymmetric through hole penetrating through the workpiece to be processed is formed. Due to the residual processing amount W of the workpiece to be processed1During machining, the workpiece to be machined is turned over by 180 degrees and then machined, so that the phenomenon that the edge of the workpiece to be machined is broken at the outlet of the axisymmetric through hole can be effectively avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for machining an axisymmetric through hole by ultrasonic impact according to an embodiment;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for processing an axisymmetric through-hole by ultrasonic impact in another embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the method for processing an axisymmetric through hole by ultrasonic impact, an axisymmetric through hole processing is performed on a workpiece to be processed mainly by an ultrasonic method, and it is at least ensured that an edge breakage phenomenon does not occur at an outlet of the axisymmetric through hole. Specifically, the workpiece to be processed may be a workpiece made of a difficult-to-process material such as diamond, ceramic, agate, jade, marble, quartz, glass, or a sintered permanent magnet. The axisymmetric through holes can be axisymmetric through holes with regular shapes such as isosceles triangle, equilateral triangle, square, rectangle, isosceles trapezoid, regular pentagon and the like in cross section, and also can be axisymmetric through holes with irregular cross section.
The method for processing the axisymmetric through hole by ultrasonic impact specifically comprises the following steps:
and step S110, placing the workpiece to be processed on a numerical control turntable, and assembling the numerical control turntable on a workbench of a machine tool. For example, the numerical control rotary table can be a four-axis platform, and the workpiece to be machined is fixedly mounted on the four-axis platform, so that when the workpiece to be machined needs to be rotated, the workpiece to be machined can be rotated by rotating the four-axis platform. Or the numerical control turntable can be a five-axis platform directly assembled on a workbench of the machine tool, and the workpiece to be machined is fixedly arranged on the five-axis platform, so that when the workpiece to be machined needs to be rotated, the rotation can be realized by rotating the five-axis platform.
Step S120 supplies abrasive to the machining region. For example, simple ultrasonic machining, abrasives can be manually transported and replaced. Namely, before machining, the working fluid suspending the abrasive is poured in a machining area, and the tool head is lifted and the abrasive is supplemented at regular time in the machining process. Of course, the abrasive suspension can also be stirred by means of a centrifugal pump and poured into the processing area. For deeper work surfaces, the tool head should be raised regularly to facilitate the replacement and replenishment of the abrasive. For large-scale ultrasonic machining machines, a flow pump is mostly adopted to automatically supply abrasive suspension to a machining area, and the quality and the circulation are good.
Furthermore, the working solution can be water, has the best effect and is most common, and is economical and practical. Kerosene or engine oil may also be used as the working fluid in order to improve the surface quality. The abrasive may be diamond abrasive, boron carbide abrasive, silicon carbide abrasive, alumina abrasive, or the like. The particle size of the abrasive is selected according to the requirements such as processing productivity and precision, and the productivity of large particles is high, but the processing precision and the surface roughness are poor.
Step S130, the ultrasonic generator is started, the ultrasonic generator generates ultrasonic frequency electric energy, the ultrasonic transducer converts the ultrasonic frequency electric energy into mechanical energy of ultrasonic vibration, and the amplitude transformer performs amplitude amplification and energy collection. An ultrasonic generator, also known as an ultrasonic power supply, is a device used to generate and provide ultrasonic frequency electrical energy to an ultrasonic transducer. Because the amplitude of the vibration generated by the radiating surface of the ultrasonic transducer is small, when the working frequency is in the range of 20kHz, the amplitude of the radiating surface of the ultrasonic transducer is only a few micrometers, and the amplitude required in a large number of high-intensity ultrasonic applications such as ultrasonic processing and the like is about tens of micrometers to hundreds of micrometers. Therefore, the displacement and the movement speed of the mechanical vibration mass must be amplified by the action of the amplitude transformer, and the ultrasonic energy must be focused on a small area to generate the energy gathering effect.
Wherein the order of the steps S120 and S130 may be reversed.
And step S140, the tool head at the tail end of the amplitude transformer is downwards moved towards the direction close to the workpiece to be processed through the first feeding pressure, and the workpiece to be processed is processed. The cross section of the tool head is in an axial symmetry shape. Specifically, the cross-sectional shape of the tool head is the same as the cross-sectional shape of the axisymmetric through-hole to be machined. In the processing process, the tool head has a proper feeding pressure for a workpiece to be processed, and when the pressure is too small, the gap between the cross section of the tool head and the processing surface of the workpiece to be processed is increased, so that the impact force and the striking depth of the abrasive material on the workpiece to be processed are weakened; when the pressure is too high, the gap between the tool head and the workpiece to be processed is reduced, and the grinding material and the working solution cannot be smoothly and circularly updated, so that the productivity is reduced; and when the pressure is too large, edge breakage is easily generated at the inlet of the workpiece to be processed. Therefore, in general consideration, the range of the first feed pressure is 60kPa to 200kPa further, the range of the first feed pressure may be 70kPa to 150kPa, and it is possible to secure productivity while avoiding occurrence of edge breakage. It should be noted that the term "pressure" in the feed pressure referred to herein is synonymous with pressure in physics. That is, the feed pressure is related to the area of the tool bit and also to the magnitude of the pressure value of the downward pressure.
Step S150, after the first feeding pressure is used for processing the inlet and the outlet of the workpiece to be processed, the lower pressure borne by the ultrasonic transducer and the amplitude transformer is adjusted, the workpiece to be processed is continuously processed by utilizing a second feeding pressure, and the second feeding pressure is greater than the first feeding pressure. After the inlet of the axisymmetric through hole is machined on the surface of the workpiece to be machined and before the outlet of the axisymmetric through hole is machined, the probability of edge breakage of the workpiece to be machined is low, and therefore the workpiece to be machined can be machined by adopting high feeding pressure. Specifically, the second feed pressure is in the range of 200kPa to 400kPa, without causing a chipping phenomenon, while improving productivity.
Of course, in other embodiments, step S150 may be omitted, and the workpiece to be processed is directly processed by the first feeding pressure until the remaining workpiece to be processed is processedAmount of work W1Is a preset value.
Step S160, when the residual processing amount W of the workpiece to be processed1And when the preset value is reached, the tool head is far away from the workpiece to be processed. For example, it is possible to move the tool head upward to be away from the workpiece to be processed. At this time, the distance between the tool head and the workpiece to be processed is increased, and a space is provided for the workpiece to be processed to turn over by 180 degrees. Or the tool head can move towards the side to be far away from the workpiece to be machined, so that the tool head and the workpiece to be machined are staggered, and a space is provided for the workpiece to be machined to turn over by 180 degrees.
Wherein the residual processing amount W of the workpiece to be processed1= total thickness of workpiece to be machined WGeneral assemblyThe processed quantity W of the workpiece to be processed2The processed quantity W of the workpiece to be processed2= feed of ultrasonic transducer W3. Therefore, the feed amount W of the ultrasonic transducer can be calculated3Obtaining the residual processing amount W of the workpiece to be processed1. Specifically, the remaining working amount W1The preset value range of (A) is 0.1 mm-0.5 mm. Further, the remaining processing amount W1The preset value range of (A) is 0.2 mm-0.3 mm. That is, when the workpiece to be machined has a residual machining amount W1During operation, the pressure is adjusted to prevent edge breakage.
And step S170, rotating the numerical control turntable by 180 degrees to enable the back surface of the workpiece to be machined to face the tool head. It should be noted that the term "180 degrees" is not meant to refer to absolute 180 degrees only, and should allow some error.
In some embodiments, after step S170, step S171 is further included to adjust the position of the nc turret relative to the tool head, so that the tool head faces the projection of the entrance of the axisymmetric through hole of the workpiece to be processed in the processing direction, and the central axis of the tool head coincides with the central axis of the entrance of the axisymmetric through hole. The projection of the tool head facing the entrance of the axisymmetric through hole in the machining direction means that each side of the cross section of the tool head is parallel to each side of the cross section of the axisymmetric through hole. Since there may be a case where the entrance of the workpiece to be machined is offset from the tool head after the numerical control turret rotates 180 degrees, it is necessary to adjust the relative positions of the numerical control turret and the tool head so as to machine an axisymmetric through hole in which the entrance and the exit are located on the same central axis and the projections of the entrance and the exit in the machining direction coincide on the workpiece to be machined.
Further, adjusting the position of the numerically controlled turntable relative to the tool head may be performed by adjusting the position of the numerically controlled turntable relative to the machine tool table, or adjusting the position of the tool head relative to the machine tool table. The projection of the tool head, which is just opposite to the inlet of the axisymmetric through hole of the workpiece to be processed, in the processing direction is achieved after adjustment, and the central axis of the tool head is superposed with the central axis of the inlet of the axisymmetric through hole.
And S180, enabling the tool head at the tail end of the amplitude transformer to be close to the workpiece to be machined through third feeding pressure, ensuring that the mechanical energy of the end face of the tool head enables the abrasive to impact the workpiece to be machined, so as to machine an outlet of the axisymmetric through hole on the back of the workpiece to be machined, wherein the third feeding pressure is smaller than the second feeding pressure. When the workpiece to be processed is turned over by 180 degrees, the outlet of the special-shaped hole on the back surface of the workpiece to be processed is actually equivalent to the processing mode of the inlet on the front surface. Therefore, the third feed pressure cannot be too high, or edge breakage is likely to occur at the outlet. Therefore, considering the combination, the third feed pressure is in the range of 60kPa to 150kPa, which can ensure the productivity while avoiding the occurrence of edge chipping.
And step S190, communicating the outlet with the inlet to form an axisymmetric through hole penetrating through the workpiece to be processed. In step S190, the machining amount W is determined due to the residual machining amount1Is smaller, so that the third feed pressure can be kept pressed down continuously until the outlet is communicated with the inlet to form an axisymmetric through hole penetrating through the workpiece to be machined.
Further, the magnitude of the first feed pressure may be equal to the magnitude of the third feed pressure. Therefore, the first feed pressure and the third feed pressure are convenient to control in the actual operation process. Of course, in other embodiments, the first feed pressure may not be equal to the third feed pressure.
During the machining process, the workpiece to be machined is machined by the first feed pressure so as toThe surface of the workpiece to be processed forms an inlet of an axisymmetric through hole; continuously pressing the tool head through the second feeding pressure, wherein the abrasive material impacts the workpiece to be machined through the mechanical energy of the end face of the tool head, and the axisymmetric through hole is continuously machined on the workpiece to be machined; when the residual machining amount W of the workpiece to be machined1And when the preset value is reached, the tool head is far away from the workpiece to be processed, the numerical control rotary table is rotated by 180 degrees, the back surface of the workpiece to be processed faces the tool head, an outlet of the axisymmetric through hole is processed on the back surface of the workpiece to be processed by third feeding pressure, the outlet is communicated with the inlet, and the axisymmetric through hole penetrating through the workpiece to be processed is formed.
Due to the residual processing amount W of the workpiece to be processed1During the process, the workpiece to be machined is turned for 180 degrees and then machined, so that the phenomenon that the edge of the workpiece to be machined is broken at the outlet of the axisymmetric through hole can be effectively avoided, the middle part of the workpiece to be machined is machined through the second feeding pressure, the machining speed can be accelerated on the premise of avoiding the edge breakage, and the machining efficiency is improved.
Referring to fig. 2, the present application provides another embodiment of a method for processing an axisymmetric through hole by ultrasonic impact, which mainly uses an ultrasonic mode to process the axisymmetric through hole on a workpiece to be processed, and at least can ensure that no edge breakage occurs at an outlet of the axisymmetric through hole. Specifically, the workpiece to be processed may be a workpiece made of a difficult-to-process material such as diamond, ceramic, agate, jade, marble, quartz, glass, or a sintered permanent magnet. The axisymmetric through holes can be axisymmetric through holes with regular shapes such as isosceles triangle, equilateral triangle, square, rectangle, isosceles trapezoid, regular pentagon and the like in cross section, and also can be axisymmetric through holes with irregular cross section.
The method for processing the axisymmetric through hole by ultrasonic impact specifically comprises the following steps:
and step S210, placing the workpiece to be processed on a numerical control turntable, and assembling the numerical control turntable on a workbench of a machine tool. For example, the numerical control rotary table can be a four-axis platform, and the workpiece to be machined is fixedly mounted on the four-axis platform, so that when the workpiece to be machined needs to be rotated, the workpiece to be machined can be rotated by rotating the four-axis platform. Or the numerical control turntable can be a five-axis platform directly assembled on a workbench of the machine tool, and the workpiece to be machined is fixedly arranged on the five-axis platform, so that when the workpiece to be machined needs to be rotated, the rotation can be realized by rotating the five-axis platform.
Step S220 supplies abrasive to the processing region. For example, simple ultrasonic machining, abrasives can be manually transported and replaced. Namely, before machining, the working fluid suspending the abrasive is poured in a machining area, and the tool head is lifted and the abrasive is supplemented at regular time in the machining process. Of course, the abrasive suspension can also be stirred by means of a centrifugal pump and poured into the processing area. For deeper work surfaces, the tool head should be raised regularly to facilitate the replacement and replenishment of the abrasive. For large-scale ultrasonic machining machines, a flow pump is mostly adopted to automatically supply abrasive suspension to a machining area, and the quality and the circulation are good.
Furthermore, the working solution can be water, has the best effect and is most common, and is economical and practical. Kerosene or engine oil may also be used as the working fluid in order to improve the surface quality. The abrasive may be diamond abrasive, boron carbide abrasive, silicon carbide abrasive, alumina abrasive, or the like. The particle size of the abrasive is selected according to the requirements such as processing productivity and precision, and the productivity of large particles is high, but the processing precision and the surface roughness are poor.
Step S230, turning on the ultrasonic generator, wherein the ultrasonic generator generates ultrasonic electrical energy, the ultrasonic transducer converts the ultrasonic electrical energy into mechanical energy of ultrasonic vibration, and the amplitude transformer amplifies the amplitude and gathers the energy. An ultrasonic generator, also known as an ultrasonic power supply, is a device used to generate and provide ultrasonic frequency electrical energy to an ultrasonic transducer. Because the amplitude of the vibration generated by the radiating surface of the ultrasonic transducer is small, when the working frequency is in the range of 20kHz, the amplitude of the radiating surface of the ultrasonic transducer is only a few micrometers, and the amplitude required in a large number of high-intensity ultrasonic applications such as ultrasonic processing and the like is about tens of micrometers to hundreds of micrometers. Therefore, the displacement and the movement speed of the mechanical vibration mass must be amplified by the action of the amplitude transformer, and the ultrasonic energy must be focused on a small area to generate the energy gathering effect.
Wherein the order of the steps S220 and S230 may be reversed.
And step S240, the tool head at the tail end of the amplitude transformer is downwards moved towards the direction close to the workpiece to be processed through the first feeding pressure, and the workpiece to be processed is processed. The cross section of the tool head is in an axial symmetry shape. Specifically, the cross-sectional shape of the tool head is the same as the cross-sectional shape of the axisymmetric through-hole to be machined. In the processing process, the tool head has a proper feeding pressure for a workpiece to be processed, and when the pressure is too small, the gap between the cross section of the tool head and the processing surface of the workpiece to be processed is increased, so that the impact force and the striking depth of the abrasive material on the workpiece to be processed are weakened; when the pressure is too high, the gap between the tool head and the workpiece to be processed is reduced, and the grinding material and the working solution cannot be smoothly and circularly updated, so that the productivity is reduced; and when the pressure is too large, edge breakage is easily generated at the inlet of the workpiece to be processed. Therefore, the first feed pressure is in the range of 60kPa to 200kPa in general. Further, the first feed pressure may be in a range of 70kPa to 150kPa, and productivity may be ensured while avoiding occurrence of edge breakage.
Step S250, when the residual processing amount W of the workpiece to be processed1And when the preset value is reached, the tool head is far away from the workpiece to be processed. For example, it is possible to move the tool head upward to be away from the workpiece to be processed. At this time, the distance between the tool head and the workpiece to be processed is increased, and a space is provided for the workpiece to be processed to turn over by 180 degrees. Or the tool head can move towards the side to be far away from the workpiece to be machined, so that the tool head and the workpiece to be machined are staggered, and a space is provided for the workpiece to be machined to turn over by 180 degrees.
Wherein the residual processing amount W of the workpiece to be processed1= total thickness of workpiece to be machined WGeneral assemblyThe processed quantity W of the workpiece to be processed2The processed quantity W of the workpiece to be processed2= feed of ultrasonic transducer W3. Therefore, the feed amount W of the ultrasonic transducer can be calculated3Obtaining the processed quantity W of the workpiece to be processed2Further obtaining the residual processing amount W of the workpiece to be processed1. In particular, the workpiece to be machinedProcessed amount W of2The range of values of (A) is 0.1 mm-0.5 mm. Further, the processed amount W of the workpiece to be processed2The range of values of (A) is 0.2 mm-0.3 mm. That is, when the workpiece to be machined has a residual machining amount W1And adjusting the magnitude of the downward pressure.
And step S260, rotating the numerical control rotary table by 180 degrees to enable the back surface of the workpiece to be machined to face the tool head. It should be noted that the term "180 degrees" is not meant to refer to absolute 180 degrees only, and should allow some error.
In some embodiments, after step S260, step S261 is further included, where a position of the numerical control turntable relative to the tool head is adjusted, so that the tool head faces a projection of an entrance of the axisymmetric through hole of the workpiece to be processed in the processing direction, and a central axis of the tool head coincides with a central axis of the entrance of the axisymmetric through hole. The projection of the tool head facing the entrance of the axisymmetric through hole in the machining direction means that each side of the cross section of the tool head is parallel to each side of the cross section of the axisymmetric through hole. Since there may be a case where the entrance of the workpiece to be machined is offset from the tool head after the numerical control turret rotates 180 degrees, it is necessary to adjust the relative positions of the numerical control turret and the tool head so as to machine an axisymmetric through hole in which the entrance and the exit are located on the same central axis and the projections of the entrance and the exit in the machining direction coincide on the workpiece to be machined.
Further, adjusting the position of the numerically controlled turntable relative to the tool head may be performed by adjusting the position of the numerically controlled turntable relative to the machine tool table, or adjusting the position of the tool head relative to the machine tool table. The tool head is just opposite to the inlet of the workpiece to be processed on the numerical control turntable after adjustment.
And step S270, enabling the tool head at the tail end of the amplitude transformer to approach the workpiece to be machined through third feeding pressure, and ensuring that the mechanical energy of the end face of the tool head enables the abrasive to impact the workpiece to be machined so as to machine an outlet of the axisymmetric through hole on the back of the workpiece to be machined. When the workpiece to be processed is turned over by 180 degrees, the outlet of the special-shaped hole on the back surface of the workpiece to be processed is actually equivalent to the processing mode of the inlet on the front surface. Therefore, the third feed pressure cannot be too high, or edge breakage is likely to occur at the outlet. Therefore, considering the combination, the third feed pressure is in the range of 60kPa to 150kPa, which can ensure the productivity while avoiding the occurrence of edge chipping.
And step S280, adjusting the down pressure borne by the ultrasonic transducer and the amplitude transformer, and continuously processing the workpiece to be processed by utilizing a second feeding pressure, wherein the second feeding pressure is greater than a third feeding pressure and the first feeding pressure. After the inlet and the outlet are machined on the front surface and the outlet is machined on the back surface of the workpiece to be machined, the probability of edge breakage of the workpiece to be machined is reduced, and therefore the middle part of the workpiece to be machined can be machined by adopting larger feeding pressure. Specifically, the second feed pressure is in the range of 200kPa to 400kPa, without causing a chipping phenomenon, while improving productivity.
Of course, in other embodiments, step S280 may be omitted, and the workpiece to be processed is processed directly by the third feeding pressure, so as to process the outlet on the back side of the workpiece to be processed, and communicate the outlet with the inlet.
And step S290, communicating the outlet with the inlet to form an axisymmetric through hole penetrating through the workpiece to be processed. In step S290, due to the processed amount W at the entrance of the workpiece to be processed2The preset value is reached, so that in the process of communicating the outlet with the inlet, the inlet and the outlet are not easy to generate edge breakage, and the middle part between the inlet and the outlet can be machined through the second feeding pressure so as to improve the machining efficiency.
Processing a workpiece to be processed by a first feeding pressure to form an inlet of an axisymmetric through hole in the surface of the workpiece to be processed; when the processed amount W of the workpiece to be processed2When the preset value is reached, the tool head is far away from the workpiece to be machined, then the numerical control rotary table is rotated by 180 degrees, the back surface of the workpiece to be machined faces the tool head, the tool head is close to the workpiece to be machined through third feeding pressure so as to machine an outlet of the axisymmetric through hole in the back surface of the workpiece to be machined, the tool head is pressed down through second feeding pressure so that the outlet is communicated with the inlet, and the axisymmetric through hole penetrating through the workpiece to be machined is formed。
Due to the residual processing amount W of the workpiece to be processed1During the process, the workpiece to be machined is turned for 180 degrees and then machined, so that the phenomenon that the edge of the workpiece to be machined is broken at the outlet of the axisymmetric through hole can be effectively avoided, the middle part of the workpiece to be machined is machined through the second feeding pressure, the machining speed can be accelerated on the premise of avoiding the edge breakage, and the machining efficiency is improved.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A method for processing an axisymmetric through hole by ultrasonic impact is characterized by comprising the following steps:
placing a workpiece to be processed on a numerical control rotary table, and assembling the numerical control rotary table on a workbench of a machine tool;
supplying abrasive to the machining area;
starting an ultrasonic generator, wherein the ultrasonic generator generates ultrasonic frequency electric energy, an ultrasonic transducer converts the ultrasonic frequency electric energy into mechanical energy of ultrasonic vibration, and an amplitude transformer amplifies the amplitude and gathers the energy;
the tool head at the tail end of the amplitude transformer is fed downwards in the direction close to the workpiece to be machined through first feeding pressure, the workpiece to be machined is machined, and the cross section of the tool head is in an axisymmetric shape;
after the entrance of the axisymmetric through hole is machined on the workpiece to be machined through the first feeding pressure, the lower pressure borne by the ultrasonic transducer and the amplitude transformer is adjusted, and the workpiece to be machined is continuously machined through the second feeding pressure which is greater than the first feeding pressure;
when the residual machining amount W of the workpiece to be machined1When the preset value is reached, the tool head is far away from the workpiece to be processed;
rotating the numerical control turntable by 180 degrees to enable the back of the workpiece to be machined to face the tool head;
the tool head at the tail end of the amplitude transformer is moved downwards to be fed in the direction close to the workpiece to be machined through third feeding pressure, so that the grinding materials are enabled to impact the workpiece to be machined through the mechanical energy of the end face of the tool head, an outlet of the axisymmetric through hole is machined in the back face of the workpiece to be machined, and the second feeding pressure is greater than the third feeding pressure;
the outlet is communicated with the inlet to form an axisymmetric through hole penetrating through the workpiece to be processed.
2. The method of ultrasonic impact machining of an axisymmetric through-hole of claim 1, characterized in that said residual machining amount W1The preset value of (A) is in the range of 0.1 mm-0.5 mm.
3. The method of ultrasonic impact machining of an axisymmetric through-hole of claim 2, characterized in that said residual machining amount W1The range of the preset value is 0.2 mm-0.3 mm.
4. The method for ultrasonic impact machining of an axisymmetric through-hole of claim 1, wherein after the exit of the axisymmetric through-hole is machined on the back surface of the workpiece to be machined by a third feed pressure, the lower pressures applied to the ultrasonic transducer and the horn are adjusted, and the workpiece to be machined is continuously machined by a second feed pressure, which is greater than the third feed pressure and the first feed pressure.
5. The method of ultrasonic impact machining of an axisymmetric through-hole of claim 1 or 4, characterized in that said first feed pressure is in the range of 60kPa to 200kPa, said second feed pressure is in the range of 200kPa to 400kPa, and said third feed pressure is in the range of 60kPa to 150 kPa.
6. The method of ultrasonic impact machining of an axisymmetric through-hole of claim 4, characterized in that the remaining machining amount W of the workpiece to be machined1Total thickness W of the workpiece to be machinedGeneral assemblyThe processed quantity W of the workpiece to be processed2Wherein the processed amount W of the workpiece to be processed2The range of values of (A) is 0.1 mm-0.5 mm.
7. The method of ultrasonic impact machining of an axisymmetric through-hole of claim 6, characterized in that the processed quantity W of the workpiece to be machined2The range of values of (A) is 0.2 mm-0.3 mm.
8. The method of ultrasonic impact machining of an axisymmetric through-hole of any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the step of rotating the numerically controlled turret by 180 degrees so that the back surface of the workpiece to be machined faces the tool head, further comprising the step of:
and adjusting the position of the numerical control turntable relative to the tool head to enable the tool head to be over against the projection of the entrance of the axisymmetric through hole of the workpiece to be processed in the processing direction, wherein the central axis of the tool head is superposed with the central axis of the entrance of the axisymmetric through hole.
9. The method for ultrasonic impact machining of an axisymmetric through-hole of claim 8, wherein the step of adjusting the position of the numerically controlled turret relative to the tool head specifically includes:
adjusting the position of the numerical control rotary table relative to the machine tool workbench; or
The position of the tool head relative to the machine tool table is adjusted.
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11104945A (en) * 1997-10-06 1999-04-20 Ricoh Co Ltd Device for automatically grinding metal mold
CN104690615A (en) * 2015-03-20 2015-06-10 肖衍盛 Machining method for drilling sapphire glass
CN105345613A (en) * 2015-10-19 2016-02-24 上海现代先进超精密制造中心有限公司 Method for precise deep hole machining on angle mirror
CN207288939U (en) * 2017-05-19 2018-05-01 青岛科技大学 A kind of new micro hole ultrasonic vibration drilling machine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11104945A (en) * 1997-10-06 1999-04-20 Ricoh Co Ltd Device for automatically grinding metal mold
CN104690615A (en) * 2015-03-20 2015-06-10 肖衍盛 Machining method for drilling sapphire glass
CN105345613A (en) * 2015-10-19 2016-02-24 上海现代先进超精密制造中心有限公司 Method for precise deep hole machining on angle mirror
CN207288939U (en) * 2017-05-19 2018-05-01 青岛科技大学 A kind of new micro hole ultrasonic vibration drilling machine

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