CN110267197A - Lightweight intimacy protection system and method based on WiFi fingerprint indoor positioning - Google Patents

Lightweight intimacy protection system and method based on WiFi fingerprint indoor positioning Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110267197A
CN110267197A CN201910540220.6A CN201910540220A CN110267197A CN 110267197 A CN110267197 A CN 110267197A CN 201910540220 A CN201910540220 A CN 201910540220A CN 110267197 A CN110267197 A CN 110267197A
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user
fingerprint
location
distance
module
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CN110267197B (en
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张安琪
赵萍
张光林
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Donghua University
National Dong Hwa University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
    • G01S11/02—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves
    • G01S11/06—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves using intensity measurements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/008—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols involving homomorphic encryption
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/03—Protecting confidentiality, e.g. by encryption
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H04W4/023—Services making use of location information using mutual or relative location information between multiple location based services [LBS] targets or of distance thresholds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/33—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for indoor environments, e.g. buildings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • H04W64/006—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management with additional information processing, e.g. for direction or speed determination

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of lightweight intimacy protection system and method based on WiFi fingerprint indoor positioning, comprising: fingerprint-collection module, for establishing WiFi fingerprint database；Signal measurement module is encrypted useful data for obtaining the received signal strength of user's acquisition to be positioned and its key pair of generation；Distance calculation module, for user more to be positioned with each fingerprint in database at a distance from signal space, the cryptogram space construct apart from comparator matrix；It calculates encrypted location module and estimates the specific location of user to be positioned in the cryptogram space for finding out k finger print data nearest with user to be positioned in signal space；Position deciphering module obtains final positioning result in user terminal for the position of encryption to be decrypted.The present invention can protect the location privacy of user and the data-privacy of server with lower cost, while realize indoor positioning.

Description

Lightweight intimacy protection system and method based on WiFi fingerprint indoor positioning
Technical field
The present invention relates to the secret protection technical fields in indoor positioning, more particularly to one kind based in WiFi fingerprint room The lightweight intimacy protection system and method for positioning.
Background technique
As the support technology of Internet of Things, indoor positioning is widely used in indoor environment, such as navigates, and tracks and supervises Control, and attracted more and more business and academic research.As indoor positioning service becomes increasingly popular, people are to registration The requirement of degree and secret protection degree is also higher and higher.Common location technology, i.e., the location technology based on WiFi fingerprint is extremely Lack security consideration, the location privacy of user and the data-privacy of location-server can be revealed to a certain extent.
Currently, the privacy concern only in small part research concern indoor positioning, is concentrated mainly on improvement Encryption Algorithm and comes The position data of user is protected, but Encryption Algorithm used by work on hand results in a large amount of computing cost and communication is opened Pin, it is more difficult to be applied to the limited terminal device of computing resource.In addition to this, some research work is primarily upon user's Location privacy protection, and not can guarantee or even ignore the data-privacy of server, it is embodied in position fixing process to user Disclose the position coordinates of reference point, this allow for malicious user can be rebuild according to disclosed position coordinates it is similar even Identical fingerprint database is stolen so as to cause fingerprint database information, causes the economic loss of service provider.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is: with the data-privacy of the location privacy of lower cost protection user and server, simultaneously Realize indoor positioning.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a kind of based on the light of WiFi fingerprint indoor positioning Magnitude intimacy protection system characterized by comprising
Fingerprint-collection module collects the signal characteristic parameter of each access point in each reference point, by reference point number, ginseng Examination point geographical coordinate and received signal strength vector are stored in WiFi finger print data collectively as the location fingerprint of the reference point Library；
Signal measurement module, based on user to be positioned reception signal of the collected current location about each access point Intensity value encrypts the useful data for participating in the calculating of follow-up distance, and encrypted useful data is sent to distance and calculates mould Block；
Distance calculation module, according to Paillier homomorphic cryptography property, in signal space user more to be positioned and WiFi The distance of any two fingerprint in fingerprint database, and construct in the cryptogram space apart from comparator matrix；
Encrypted location module is calculated, user to be positioned will be sent to apart from comparator matrix, obtains what user to be positioned returned The k fingerprint index value nearest with it in signal space finds corresponding k encryption distance according to k fingerprint index value, i.e., to User is positioned at a distance from some location fingerprint is in signal space, user institute to be positioned is finally estimated using least square method Specific location, and to user to be positioned send encryption position；
Position deciphering module, for the position for calculating the encryption that encrypted location module is sent to be decrypted, in user terminal Obtain final positioning result.
Another technical solution of the invention lightweight privacy that there is provided a kind of based on WiFi fingerprint indoor positioning is protected Maintaining method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, fingerprint-collection module collect the received signal strength indication of each access point in each sampled point, with < i, (xi,yi),ViThe form of > is stored in WiFi fingerprint database, wherein Vi=(vi,1,vi,2,...,vi,t,...,vi,n) be The location fingerprint of ith sample point is N-dimensional feature vector, vi,tIt indicates in ith sample point (xi,yi) on receive come from The WiFi signal intensity of t-th of access point；
When step 2, user to be positioned request indoor positioning service, signal measurement module measures position to each access The received signal strength indication of point, is denoted as Vo=(vo,1,vo,2,...,vo,t,...,vo,n), wherein vo,tIndicate user in position (xo, yo) at the signal strength indication from t-th of access point that receives；
Step 3, user generate key pair (PKc,PRc), utilize key pair (PKc,PRc) rightWithIt is encrypted, and by encrypted data together with public key PRcIt is sent to distance and calculates mould Block, wherein indicate the cryptogram space, PKcIt indicates private key, is saved by user oneself；
Step 4, distance calculation module utilize two encryption datas received, the finger print data in combined data library, meter It is poor to calculate user to be positioned and the distance between any two fingerprint in database in signal space, by user to be positioned and database In i-th of location fingerprint ViIt is denoted as in the distance of signal spaceUser to be positioned and j-th of location fingerprint V in databasej? The distance of signal space is denoted asThen user to be positioned and location fingerprint ViAnd location fingerprint VjRange difference be denoted asIn formula,Indicate cryptographic calculation,Calculation formula are as follows:
Step 5, distance calculation module construction are apart from comparator matrix P:
P is sent to user by step 6, distance calculation module, and user decrypts the index value for finding out k minimum distance, is denoted as μ1,μ2,...,μk, meetAnd i ≠ μ1,μ2,...,μk；
Step 7, user are by index value [μ1,μ2,...,μk] it is sent to calculating encrypted location module, calculate encrypted location mould Block finds out encryption distance corresponding to index value in the cryptogram spaceEstimated using the index value of this k minimum distance The specific location of user.
Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages that and actively Effect: the Privacy Protection in indoor positioning is modeled as least mean-square error problem by the present invention, collected according to user The intensity value for receiving signal, directly calculates the position of user in the cryptogram space, using the space structure of overdetermined linear system, Propose the lightweight solutions in a cryptogram space, at the same consider user location privacy and server data it is hidden It is private.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the working environment of embodiment；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the composed structure of the user terminal of embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the composed structure of the location-server of embodiment；
Fig. 4 is the method flow that the lightweight intimacy protection system in embodiment based on WiFi fingerprint indoor positioning is realized Figure；
Fig. 5 is the module signal that the lightweight intimacy protection system in embodiment based on WiFi fingerprint indoor positioning is realized Figure.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific examples.It should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention Rather than it limits the scope of the invention.In addition, it should also be understood that, after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art Member can make various changes or modifications the present invention, and such equivalent forms equally fall within the application the appended claims and limited Range.
Fig. 1 shows the working environment schematic diagram in one embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 1, its working environment is related to User terminal 101 and location-server end 102.Fingerprint is collected under service provider's line, fingerprint database is stored in positioning service Device end 102, user terminal 101 send the received signal strength of encryption given when requesting location-based service to location-server 102 The position data of encryption is sent to user terminal 101 after 102 end of location-server carries out location Calculation by position server 102, is used 101 decrypted positions of family end complete positioning.
The structural schematic diagram of user terminal 101 in one embodiment is as shown in Fig. 2, include processor, power supply module, storage Medium, memory and communication interface.Wherein, storage medium is stored with operating system, database and a kind of measurement encryption of subscriber signal The computer applied algorithm of device；The computer applied algorithm is executed by processor；Communication interface is mainly used for 101 He of user terminal Network communication between location-server end 102.Structure shown in Figure 2, only part relevant to example scheme is tied The block diagram of structure, does not constitute the restriction for the server being applied thereon to this embodiment scheme, and specific server can wrap It includes and loses than more or fewer as shown in the figure, perhaps combine certain components or with different component layouts.
Fig. 3 shows the structural schematic diagram at the location-server end 102 in one embodiment.102 knot of location-server end Structure includes processor, power supply module, storage medium, memory and communication interface.Storage medium be stored with operating system, database and A kind of computer applied algorithm calculating distance estimations position.Processor executes the program, solves least mean-square error, and then obtain To optimal position result.
Fig. 4 shows what the lightweight intimacy protection system based on WiFi fingerprint indoor positioning in one embodiment was realized Method flow diagram.As shown in figure 4, the lightweight intimacy protection system based on WiFi fingerprint indoor positioning in the embodiment is realized Method include:
Step S401: WiFi fingerprint database is established；
Step S402: obtaining the received signal strength of user to be positioned, and user generates key pair, and encryption participant position calculates Useful data, be sent to location-server；
Step S403: location-server user more to be positioned with fingerprint each in database at a distance from signal space, It constructs in the cryptogram space apart from comparator matrix；
Step S404: location-server finds out k finger print data nearest with user to be positioned in signal space, in ciphertext The specific location of Spatial outlier user to be positioned sends the position data of encryption to user；
Step S405: user's decrypted positions data to be positioned obtain final positioning result.
According to the scheme of the present embodiment, after user terminal 101 has acquired the received signal strength data of position, according to Europe Distance calculation formula is obtained in several, participation is given apart from the data information encrypting and transmitting calculated and positions server end 102 by user；It is fixed Position server end 102 compares user in signal space and refers to any two in database according to Paillier homomorphic cryptography property The distance between line, and construct in the cryptogram space apart from comparator matrix；Location-server end 102 is by the comparison square in the cryptogram space User is given in paroxysm, it is therefore an objective to find k fingerprint nearest with target user in signal space；Location-server utilizes this k Calculated result is returned to user in the specific location of cryptogram space estimation user by the data of fingerprint；User's decrypted positions, it is complete At positioning.
The scheme of the present embodiment considers the lightweight indoor positioning secret protection side of user terminal and server end simultaneously for the first time Case breaches the limitation of existing secret protection technical research, pushes secret protection correlation theory system in indoor positioning with this With technology enrich constantly and it is perfect.The present invention is to the privacy for further decreasing user location and server data in indoor positioning Disclosure risk reduces the calculating communication overhead as caused by location algorithm and indoor positioning technologies is promoted more to be widely applied With very real theory significance and application value.
Location algorithm is modeled as solving overdetermined linear system using least square method by the present embodiment, and specific algorithm is such as Under: in each sampled point (x under service provider's linei,yi) received signal strength indication of each access point AP is collected, with < i, (xi,yi),ViThe form of > is stored in fingerprint database D, wherein Vi=(vi,1,vi,2,...,vi,t,...,vi,n) it is N-dimensional spy Levy vector, vi,tIt indicates in position (xi,yi) on receive from access point APtWiFi signal intensity；User requests indoor When positioning service, measurement position first is denoted as V to the received signal strength indication of each access pointo=(vo,1,vo,2,..., vo,t,...,vo,n), wherein vo,tIndicate user in position (xo,yo) at receive from access point APtSignal strength indication, Later, user generates key pair (PKc,PRc).We calculate user and i-th of fingerprint in database at a distance from signal space It is denoted asHad according to Euclidean distance calculation formula: Therefore user only need byWithTwo are sent to server end and (indicate ciphertext Space), while also to send public key PRc.Server end utilizes two encryption datas received, the fingerprint in combined data library Data, calculate signal space in user to be positioned and the distance between any two fingerprint in database it is poor, be denoted as(Indicate cryptographic calculation), and construct apart from comparator matrix P, it is specific as follows:
P is sent to user by server, and user decrypts the index value for finding out k minimum distance, is denoted as μ1,μ2,...,μk, MeetAnd i ≠ μ1,μ2,...,μk.User is by index value [μ1,μ2,...,μk] be sent to Server, server find out encryption distance corresponding to index value in the cryptogram spaceUse this k nearest distance values To estimate the specific location of user.
Do not consider that by the noise of the generations such as multipath and reflection, then the WiFi from access point that user receives receives letter Geographic distance number between intensity value and user and access point meets the following conditions:
Wherein, xo,jBe user to be positioned with j-th of fingerprint at a distance from geographical space, and i ∈ (1,2 ..., k).Cause This, we convert problem to and solve least mean-square error problem, i.e. solution following formula:
We further convert following overdetermined linear system for formula (2):
Merged by the cencelling of terms, above-mentioned equation can be converted to AXo=b, wherein Xo=(xo,1,xo,2,...,xo,j,..., xo,n)T, remember A=A1-A2,Then A1、A2 Form can be expressed as with b:
As a result, in order to solve the problems, such as (3), problem is converted matrix operation by we, that is, calculates
Based on thought same as mentioned above, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of based on WiFi fingerprint indoor positioning The data module of lightweight intimacy protection system.Fig. 5 show in one embodiment based on the light of WiFi fingerprint indoor positioning The module diagram of magnitude intimacy protection system, data module include:
Fingerprint-collection module 501, for establishing WiFi fingerprint database；
Signal measurement module 502 encrypts useful data for obtaining customer position information to be positioned；
Distance calculation module 503, according to Paillier homomorphic cryptography property, in signal space user more to be positioned and number It constructs according to the distance of any two fingerprint in library, and in the cryptogram space apart from comparator matrix；
Encrypted location module 504 is calculated, by the way that comparator matrix is sent to user, is obtained in the signal space of user's return The k fingerprint index value nearest with it, location-server find corresponding k encryption distance according to k index, i.e., user and certain Location algorithm is modeled as solving overdetermined linear system using least square method by distance of a fingerprint in signal space, The specific location where user is estimated with this, and the position of encryption is sent to user；
Position deciphering module 505 utilizes private key after user receives the ciphertext location information sent by location-server It is decrypted, obtains final positioning result in user terminal.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of lightweight intimacy protection system based on WiFi fingerprint indoor positioning characterized by comprising
Fingerprint-collection module collects the signal characteristic parameter of each access point in each reference point, by reference point number, reference point Geographical coordinate and received signal strength vector are stored in WiFi fingerprint database collectively as the location fingerprint of the reference point；
Signal measurement module, based on user to be positioned received signal strength of the collected current location about each access point The useful data for participating in the calculating of follow-up distance is encrypted, and encrypted useful data is sent to distance calculation module by value；
Distance calculation module, according to Paillier homomorphic cryptography property, in signal space user more to be positioned and WiFi fingerprint The distance of any two fingerprint in database, and construct in the cryptogram space apart from comparator matrix；
Encrypted location module is calculated, user to be positioned will be sent to apart from comparator matrix, obtains the signal that user to be positioned returns The k fingerprint index value nearest with it in space finds corresponding k encryption distance according to k fingerprint index value, i.e., to be positioned User is at a distance from some location fingerprint is in signal space, where finally estimating user to be positioned using least square method Specific location, and the position encrypted is sent to user to be positioned；
Position deciphering module is obtained for the position for calculating the encryption that encrypted location module is sent to be decrypted in user terminal Final positioning result.
2. a kind of lightweight method for secret protection based on WiFi fingerprint indoor positioning, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, fingerprint-collection module collect the received signal strength indication of each access point in each sampled point, with < i, (xi, yi),ViThe form of > is stored in WiFi fingerprint database, wherein Vi=(vi,1,vi,2,...,vi,t,...,vi,n) it is i-th The location fingerprint of sampled point is N-dimensional feature vector, vi,tIt indicates in ith sample point (xi,yi) on receive from t-th The WiFi signal intensity of access point；
When step 2, user to be positioned request indoor positioning service, signal measurement module measures position to each access point Received signal strength indication is denoted as Vo=(vo,1,vo,2,...,vo,t,...,vo,n), wherein vo,tIndicate user in position (xo,yo) The signal strength indication from t-th of access point that place receives；
Step 3, user generate key pair (PKc,PRc), utilize key pair (PKc,PRc) rightWithIt is encrypted, and by encrypted data together with public key PRcIt is sent to distance and calculates mould Block, wherein indicate the cryptogram space, PKcIt indicates private key, is saved by user oneself；
Step 4, distance calculation module utilize two encryption datas received, and the finger print data in combined data library calculates letter User to be positioned and the distance between any two fingerprint in database are poor in number space, by user to be positioned and database the I location fingerprint ViIt is denoted as in the distance of signal spaceUser to be positioned and j-th of location fingerprint V in databaseiIn signal The distance in space is denoted asThen user to be positioned and location fingerprint ViAnd location fingerprint ViRange difference be denoted as In formula,Indicate cryptographic calculation,Calculation formula are as follows:
Step 4, distance calculation module construction are apart from comparator matrix P:
P is sent to user by step 5, distance calculation module, and user decrypts the index value for finding out k minimum distance, is denoted as μ1, μ2,...,μk, meetAnd i ≠ μ1,μ2,...,μk；
Step 6, user are by index value [μ1,μ2,...,μk] it is sent to calculating encrypted location module, it calculates encrypted location module and exists The cryptogram space finds out encryption distance corresponding to index valueUser is estimated using the index value of this k minimum distance Specific location.
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