CN110266218A - High-performance ultrahigh speed control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor based on ARM and FPGA - Google Patents

High-performance ultrahigh speed control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor based on ARM and FPGA Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110266218A
CN110266218A CN201910546828.XA CN201910546828A CN110266218A CN 110266218 A CN110266218 A CN 110266218A CN 201910546828 A CN201910546828 A CN 201910546828A CN 110266218 A CN110266218 A CN 110266218A
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module
voltage
control
bus
signal
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Inventor
吴益飞
高珺宁
郭健
周唯
张通
季周历
张翠艳
靳懿
时锋
周丽
刘洋
吴鑫煜
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN201910546828.XA priority Critical patent/CN110266218A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P23/00Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
    • H02P23/0004Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control
    • H02P23/0022Model reference adaptation, e.g. MRAS or MRAC, useful for control or parameter estimation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/022Synchronous motors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/08Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/28Arrangements for controlling current

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of high-performance ultrahigh speed control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor based on ARM and FPGA; it include: control unit; it exports for signal will to be controlled to driving unit and then realization motor high performance control, and comprhensive deterministic system operation conditions is to protect system;Driving unit, for the three-phase alternating current of input to be converted to the controllable three-phase alternating current of frequency;Various sensor signal conditionings for realizing the acquisition of sensing data, and are become the electric signal that can be acquired by ARM main control module by detection unit;Protection location for real-time monitoring fault-signal and is sent to control unit;Heat-sink unit, for completing the heat dissipation of driving unit.Compared to ordinary motor control system, the present invention has the characteristics that speed-regulating range width, output frequency are high, revolving speed control precision is high, default detection and protection mechanism improvement, and has multiple communication interface, and extended capability is strong, applied widely.

Description

High-performance ultrahigh speed control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor based on ARM and FPGA
Technical field
The present invention relates to Motor Control Field, especially a kind of high-performance ultrahigh speed permanent-magnet synchronous based on ARM and FPGA Electric machine control system.
Background technique
With the development of science and technology, ultrahigh speed and extra accuracy processing have become the main direction of development of modern industry, and Motor and its drive control device are exactly the core component of Modern Machining Center.However the performance of ordinary motor and general driving control Device has been difficult to meet the needs of modern processing industry is growing, therefore people are to super high speed motor and its dedicated drive control The demand of device increasingly increases severely.
Researchers think that the definition of super high speed motor can not be limited only from speed, limitation of the power to motor It is more than generally 1 × 10 by the product of speed and power square root including must be taken into consideration5Motor be known as super high speed motor.With it is same The ordinary rotational speed motor of power is compared, and super high speed motor has many advantages, such as that small in size, light-weight, revolving speed is high, power density is big;Together When, since volume and rotor geometric dimension are smaller, it has lesser rotary inertia, faster dynamic responding speed again;In addition, Super high speed motor can directly band carry, and reduce a series of volumes increase generated by transmission device, noise increases, efficiency reduces The problem of, improve the operational efficiency, precision and reliability of super high speed motor system.
Up to now in ultrahigh speed field, ordinary motor control system is mainly for asynchronous machine, although and having knot Structure is simple, does not need encoder, the advantages that actuation techniques are mature, but it is also the same there are distinct disadvantages such as: torque density is lower, Rotor loss is serious;It can cause the biggish fever of rotor when working long hours under ultrahigh speed state, cause its low efficiency, service life It is short;And dynamic response is slow, and there are slips, and speed stabilizing is difficult, though revolving speed is high to have limitation, is usually no more than 30000r/min.
Summary of the invention
By force the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of compact, maintainable good, safe and reliable, extended capability clear in structure Ultrahigh speed control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor.
Realize the technical solution of the object of the invention are as follows: a kind of high-performance ultrahigh speed permanent magnet synchronous electric based on ARM and FPGA Machine control system, including control unit, driving unit, detection unit, protection location and heat-sink unit;
Described control unit, for receiving busbar voltage, the ultrahigh speed permanent magnet synchronous motor three-phase electricity of detection unit acquisition Signal and rotor-position signal are flowed, realizes the adaptive of the realization ultrahigh speed permanent magnet synchronous motor of ultrahigh speed permanent magnet synchronous motor Back-stepping sliding mode control algorithm and PI current Control Algorithm, and the control signal being calculated is exported to driving unit and then realized Motor high performance control;Furthermore control unit also receives the fault alarm information of protection location offer, and comprhensive deterministic system is transported Row situation is to protect system;
The driving unit is realized super for the three-phase alternating current of input to be converted to the controllable three-phase alternating current of frequency The drive control of high-speed permanent magnetic synchronous motor;
The detection unit for realizing the acquisition of sensing data in control system, and passes through corresponding conditioning circuit Various sensor signal conditionings are become to the electric signal that can be acquired by ARM main control module;
The protection location is used for real-time monitoring system median generatrix voltage, bus current and driving malfunction, and uses and compare Circuit and gate leve driving circuit are judged that by bus overvoltage, bus is under-voltage, bus overcurrent and driving malfunction signal are sent to control Unit processed;
The heat-sink unit for completing the heat dissipation of driving unit, and then guarantees ultrahigh speed permanent magnet synchronous motor driver Reliability service.
Compared with prior art, the present invention its remarkable advantage are as follows: 1) using adaptive backstepping sliding mode control algorithm and PI electricity Flow control algorithm carries out revolving speed control and current control, and control precision is high, speed-regulating range width, and output frequency is high;2) using total Word processing technique, convenient for the realization of advanced control algorithm;3) system hardware and software uses modularized design, clear in structure compact, It is maintainable good;4) there is the fault detections such as over-voltage, under-voltage, overcurrent, driving malfunction and defencive function, securely and reliably;5) have Networked communication interface abundant reduces cable connection quantity, enhances system extended capability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the high-performance ultrahigh speed control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor structure charts of ARM and FPGA.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention is based on the adaptive invertings of high-performance ultrahigh speed control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor of ARM and FPGA Sliding formwork revolution speed control system overall structure block diagram.
Fig. 3 is that the present invention is based on the adaptive invertings of high-performance ultrahigh speed control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor of ARM and FPGA Sliding mode controller schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
In conjunction with Fig. 1, the present invention is based on the high-performance ultrahigh speed control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor of ARM and FPGA, including control Unit, driving unit, detection unit, protection location and heat-sink unit processed;Wherein,
Control unit, for receiving busbar voltage, the ultrahigh speed permanent magnet synchronous motor three-phase current letter of detection unit acquisition Number and rotor-position signal, realize ultrahigh speed permanent magnet synchronous motor realization ultrahigh speed permanent magnet synchronous motor adaptive inverting Sliding mode control algorithm and PI current Control Algorithm, and the control signal being calculated is exported to driving unit and then realizes motor High performance control;Furthermore control unit also receives the fault alarm information of protection location offer, and comprhensive deterministic system runs shape Condition is to protect system;
Driving unit realizes ultrahigh speed for the three-phase alternating current of input to be converted to the controllable three-phase alternating current of frequency The drive control of permanent magnet synchronous motor;
Detection unit, for realizing the acquisition of sensing data in control system, and will be each by corresponding conditioning circuit Kind sensor signal conditioning becomes the electric signal that can be acquired by ARM main control module;
Protection location is used for real-time monitoring system median generatrix voltage, bus current and driving malfunction, and uses comparison circuit Judged with gate leve driving circuit, by bus overvoltage, bus is under-voltage, bus overcurrent and driving malfunction signal are sent to control list Member;
Heat-sink unit, for completing the heat dissipation of driving unit, and then guarantee ultrahigh speed permanent magnet synchronous motor driver can By operation.
Further, control unit includes ARM main control module, FPGA Co-processor Module, communication interface modules, power supply pipe Manage module;
ARM main control module is communicated with host computer by communication interface modules realization, and receives the control instruction of host computer, The rotor-position that busbar voltage, motor threephase stator current signal and the encoder interfaces obtained according to AD sampling channel obtain Signal carries out high performance vector control, realizes adaptive inverting sliding formwork revolving speed control algolithm and PI current Control Algorithm, to from guarantor The over-voltage of shield unit acquisition, under-voltage, overcurrent, driving malfunction alarm signal are judged and complete software protection;
FPGA Co-processor Module carries out data exchange and communication with ARM main control module, and will be by the judgement of interlocking condition Pwm control signal is by the isolation in driving unit with drive module parallel output to inverter module;In addition, also according to over-voltage, Under-voltage, over current fault signal blocks pwm control signal output in time, it is ensured that ultrahigh speed permanent magnet synchronous motor and drive control device fortune Row safety;
Communication interface modules, for completing multiple communication interface conversion, so that host computer passes through various communication interfaces and ARM Main control module carries out data exchange;
Power management module, for providing corresponding operating voltage for all modules in control unit.
It is exemplary preferably, above-mentioned communication interface modules includes RS485, CAN, EtherCAT interface.
Further, driving unit includes three-phase inlet wire filter module, rectification filtering module, dynamic braking module, inversion Module and isolation and drive module;
Three-phase inlet wire filter module, for being filtered to input three-phase voltage, to reduce input three-phase voltage Fluctuation, and then reduce interference of the input power fluctuation to motor operation;
Three-phase input voltage is rectified into DC bus electricity using the uncontrollable bridge rectifier of three-phase by rectification filtering module Pressure, is filtered busbar voltage by bus shunt capacitance, while application powers on buffer circuit limitation powered on moment Bus capacitor charging high current;
Dynamic braking module, to bus pumping voltage caused by motor braking, by the way of dynamic braking, by bus electricity Extra energy is discharged in appearance, and then the pump of busbar voltage is inhibited to rise to achieve the purpose that protection system;
DC bus-bar voltage is converted into the controllable three-phase electricity of frequency amplitude using three-phase full-bridge inverting circuit by inverter module Pressure;
Isolation and drive module realize being isolated for light current module and forceful electric power module by optocoupler, and output can drive The driving signal of IGBT.
Further, detection unit include busbar voltage detection module, current detection module, rotor-position detection module with And temperature detecting module;
Busbar voltage detection module realizes the acquisition of busbar voltage using Hall voltage sensor, and by adjusting accordingly Reason circuit improves Hall voltage sensor original signal;
Current detection module, the acquisition of bus current and threephase stator electric current is realized using Hall current sensor, and is led to Corresponding conditioning circuit is crossed to improve Hall current sensor original signal;
Rotor-position detection module completes the acquisition of rotor position data using sine and cosine encoder, and by corresponding Conditioning circuit improves sine and cosine encoder original signal;
Temperature detecting module completes rectification filtering module temperature data, inverter module temperature using platinum resistance temperature sensor The acquisition of degree evidence and motor temperature data, and platinum resistance temperature sensor original signal is carried out by corresponding conditioning circuit Conditioning.
Further, protection location includes bus overvoltage protective module, bus under-voltage protective module, bus overcurrent protection mould Block and driving malfunction protective module;
Bus overvoltage protective module realizes that the over-voltage of busbar voltage judges using voltage comparator circuit, and by over-voltage fault Signal is supplied to control unit;
Bus under-voltage protective module realizes the under-voltage judgement of busbar voltage using voltage hysteresis comparison circuit, and will be under-voltage Fault-signal is supplied to control unit;
Bus overcurrent protection module realizes that the overcurrent of bus current judges using voltage comparator circuit, and by bus overcurrent Fault-signal is supplied to control unit;
Driving malfunction protective module, for judging whether gate drive circuit generates driving malfunction signal, and will driving event Barrier signal is supplied to control unit.
Further, heat-sink unit includes radiator, fan and temperature detection and fan-driving module, has been mainly used for At the heat dissipation of rectification filtering module in driving unit and inverter module.
Further, in conjunction with Fig. 2, the present invention is based on the high-performance ultrahigh speed permanent magnet synchronous electrics of ARM and FPGA Duo-Core Architecture Machine control system, using idThe closed-loop control of=0 vector controlled structure realization ultrahigh speed permanent magnet synchronous motor.Electric current loop passes through PI Controller realizes d shaft current and the control of q shaft current, and speed ring realizes revolving speed control by adaptive backstepping sliding mode control device, Control mode is specific as follows:
(1) it is converted by Clark by measured motor three-phase current Ia、Ib、IcBe converted to the electric current under α β coordinate system Iα、Iβ
(2) convert to obtain the current value I under dq two-phase rotating coordinate system by Parkd、Iq
(3) according to rotating speed of target ω*Dq two is exported via adaptive inverting sliding formwork rotational speed governor with actual speed ω Q axis control amount under cordic phase rotator system
(4) according to electric currentAnd stator current feedback amount Id、Iq, via PI current controller, output system control amount ud、uq
(5) voltage setting value under α β two-phase stationary coordinate system is obtained by Park inverse transformationIt is entered into Space vector of voltage controls (SVPWM) module, controls ultrahigh speed permanent magnet synchronous motor motor.
In conjunction with Fig. 3, above-mentioned adaptive backstepping sliding mode control implement body building process are as follows:
(1) speed command x is definedd*, speed tracing error e1=x1-xd, wherein x1For actual speed, Lyapunov Function
(2) it definesWherein c1The constant being positive, e2For virtual controlling item, then speed tracing error DerivativeThe then derivative of Lyapunov function
(3) switching function s=k is defined1e1+e2, wherein k1The constant being positive, then
(4) Lyapunov function is definedConstruct controller are as follows:
In formula,J0For rotary inertia, B0For damped coefficient, p is motor number of pole-pairs, ψfFor Rotor flux,For indeterminate, h, β, α, ε are constant;
(5) assume Parameter uncertainties part and the interference of additional variation item slowly, take
(6) Lyapunov function is definedConstruct controller are as follows:
To sum up, compared to ordinary motor control system, the present invention has speed-regulating range width, output frequency height, revolving speed control The features such as precision height, default detection and protection mechanism improvement, and have multiple communication interface, extended capability is strong, the scope of application Extensively.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of high-performance ultrahigh speed control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor based on ARM and FPGA, which is characterized in that including control Unit, driving unit, detection unit, protection location and heat-sink unit;
Described control unit, for receiving busbar voltage, the ultrahigh speed permanent magnet synchronous motor three-phase current letter of detection unit acquisition Number and rotor-position signal, realize ultrahigh speed permanent magnet synchronous motor adaptive backstepping sliding mode control algorithm and PI current control Algorithm, and the control signal being calculated is exported to driving unit and then realizes motor high performance control;Furthermore control unit The fault alarm information that protection location provides also is received, and comprhensive deterministic system operation conditions is to protect system;
The driving unit realizes ultrahigh speed for the three-phase alternating current of input to be converted to the controllable three-phase alternating current of frequency The drive control of permanent magnet synchronous motor;
The detection unit, for realizing the acquisition of sensing data in control system, and will be each by corresponding conditioning circuit Kind sensor signal conditioning becomes the electric signal that can be acquired by ARM main control module;
The protection location is used for real-time monitoring system median generatrix voltage, bus current and driving malfunction, and uses comparison circuit Judged with gate leve driving circuit, by bus overvoltage, bus is under-voltage, bus overcurrent and driving malfunction signal are sent to control list Member;
The heat-sink unit, for completing the heat dissipation of driving unit, to guarantee the reliable of ultrahigh speed permanent magnet synchronous motor driver Operation.
2. the high-performance ultrahigh speed control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1 based on ARM and FPGA, special Sign is that described control unit includes ARM main control module, FPGA Co-processor Module, communication interface modules, power management mould Block;
ARM main control module is communicated with host computer by communication interface modules realization, and receives the control instruction of host computer, according to The rotor-position signal that busbar voltage, motor threephase stator current signal and the encoder interfaces that AD sampling channel obtains obtain High performance vector control is carried out, realizes adaptive inverting sliding formwork revolving speed control algolithm and PI current Control Algorithm, to single from protection The over-voltage of member acquisition, under-voltage, overcurrent, driving malfunction alarm signal are judged and complete software protection;
FPGA Co-processor Module carries out data exchange and communication, and the PWM that will be judged by interlocking condition with ARM main control module Control signal is by the isolation in driving unit with drive module parallel output to inverter module;In addition, also according to over-voltage, owing Pressure, over current fault signal block pwm control signal output in time, it is ensured that ultrahigh speed permanent magnet synchronous motor and drive control device operation Safety;
Communication interface modules, for completing multiple communication interface conversion, so that host computer passes through various communication interfaces and ARM master control Module carries out data exchange;
Power management module, for providing corresponding operating voltage for all modules in control unit.
3. the high-performance ultrahigh speed control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 2 based on ARM and FPGA, special Sign is that the communication interface modules includes RS485, CAN, EtherCAT interface.
4. the high-performance ultrahigh speed control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1 based on ARM and FPGA, special Sign is, the driving unit include three-phase inlet wire filter module, rectification filtering module, dynamic braking module, inverter module with And isolation and drive module;
Three-phase inlet wire filter module, for being filtered to input three-phase voltage, to reduce the fluctuation of input three-phase voltage, And then reduce interference of the input power fluctuation to motor operation;
Three-phase input voltage is rectified into DC bus-bar voltage using the uncontrollable bridge rectifier of three-phase by rectification filtering module, Busbar voltage is filtered by bus shunt capacitance, while application powers on the bus of buffer circuit limitation powered on moment Capacitor charging high current;
Dynamic braking module, will be on bus capacitor by the way of dynamic braking to bus pumping voltage caused by motor braking Extra energy is discharged, and then the pump of busbar voltage is inhibited to rise to achieve the purpose that protection system;
DC bus-bar voltage is converted into the controllable three-phase voltage of frequency amplitude using three-phase full-bridge inverting circuit by inverter module;
Isolation and drive module realize being isolated for light current module and forceful electric power module by optocoupler, and output can drive IGBT's Driving signal.
5. the high-performance ultrahigh speed control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1 based on ARM and FPGA, special Sign is that the detection unit includes busbar voltage detection module, current detection module, rotor-position detection module and temperature Detection module;
Busbar voltage detection module is realized the acquisition of busbar voltage using Hall voltage sensor, and passes through conditioning electricity accordingly Road improves Hall voltage sensor original signal;
Current detection module, the acquisition of bus current and threephase stator electric current is realized using Hall current sensor, and passes through phase The conditioning circuit answered improves Hall current sensor original signal;
Rotor-position detection module completes the acquisition of rotor position data using sine and cosine encoder, and by improving accordingly Circuit improves sine and cosine encoder original signal;
Temperature detecting module completes rectification filtering module temperature data, inverter module temperature number using platinum resistance temperature sensor Platinum resistance temperature sensor original signal is adjusted according to the acquisition with motor temperature data, and by corresponding conditioning circuit Reason.
6. the high-performance ultrahigh speed control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1 based on ARM and FPGA, special Sign is, the protection location include bus overvoltage protective module, bus under-voltage protective module, bus overcurrent protection module and Driving malfunction protective module;
Bus overvoltage protective module realizes that the over-voltage of busbar voltage judges using voltage comparator circuit, and by over-voltage fault signal It is supplied to control unit;
Bus under-voltage protective module realizes the under-voltage judgement of busbar voltage using voltage hysteresis comparison circuit, and by under-voltage fault Signal is supplied to control unit;
Bus overcurrent protection module realizes that the overcurrent of bus current judges using voltage comparator circuit, and by bus over current fault Signal is supplied to control unit;
Driving malfunction protective module is believed for judging whether gate drive circuit generates driving malfunction signal, and by driving malfunction Number it is supplied to control unit.
7. the high-performance ultrahigh speed control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1 based on ARM and FPGA, special Sign is that the heat-sink unit includes radiator, fan and temperature detection and fan-driving module, is mainly used for completing driving The heat dissipation of rectification filtering module and inverter module in unit.
8. the high-performance ultrahigh speed control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1 based on ARM and FPGA, special Sign is that the control system uses idThe closed-loop control of=0 vector controlled structure realization ultrahigh speed permanent magnet synchronous motor, wherein Electric current loop realizes d shaft current and the control of q shaft current by PI controller, and speed ring is realized by adaptive backstepping sliding mode control device Revolving speed control.
CN201910546828.XA 2019-06-24 2019-06-24 High-performance ultrahigh speed control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor based on ARM and FPGA Pending CN110266218A (en)

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CN112234875A (en) * 2020-10-28 2021-01-15 北京动力机械研究所 Multiphase high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor drive control system
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CN111817628B (en) * 2020-06-03 2024-02-23 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 All-digital permanent magnet synchronous motor control device and method for extremely-low-rotation-speed rotating system
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CN111865125B (en) * 2020-07-29 2021-07-20 中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司 Traction inverter control system and PWM modulation method
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CN112636666A (en) * 2020-11-24 2021-04-09 联合汽车电子有限公司 48V PMSM driver overvoltage protection system
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