CN110266215B - Vertical permanent magnetic suspension device - Google Patents
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- CN110266215B CN110266215B CN201810201794.6A CN201810201794A CN110266215B CN 110266215 B CN110266215 B CN 110266215B CN 201810201794 A CN201810201794 A CN 201810201794A CN 110266215 B CN110266215 B CN 110266215B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vertical permanent magnetic suspension device, which adopts a non-energy-consumption permanent magnetic suspension component arranged in the vertical direction; the axis of the fixed magnet of the non-energy-consumption permanent magnetic suspension component and the axis of the suspension magnet positioned in the cylinder of the fixed magnet are vertical to the horizontal plane, and the magnetic pole at the lower end of the fixed magnet is the same as the magnetic pole at the lower end of the suspension magnet; in the region between the inner wall of the fixed magnet and the outer wall of the levitation magnet, the static magnetic energy curve of the fixed magnet gradually decreases in the direction from bottom to top to form a fixed magnetic field static magnetic energy curve; the gravity borne by the suspension magnet is equal to the upward magnetic force borne by the suspension magnet in the same direction, and the magnetic forces borne by the suspension magnet in other directions are equal to each other in the same direction, so that the suspension state of the suspension magnet is a stable state. The invention overcomes the defects of complex structure, high energy consumption and high cost of the existing electromagnetic suspension, superconducting suspension and gyroscopic force suspension devices.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of magnetic suspension. In particular to a vertical permanent magnetic suspension device.
Background
The magnetic suspension technology can realize non-contact bearing and keep relative stability by separating relatively moving parts, thereby reducing friction, vibration, noise and abrasion energy consumption heating generated by the parts in a contact state, and realizing low-speed and high-speed operation without lubricating oil and a lubricating system. At present, electromagnetic levitation and superconducting levitation are realized in the field of magnetic levitation, wherein superconducting levitation requires liquid nitrogen to maintain superconducting materials, the realization cost is very high, electromagnetic levitation has been widely applied, however, electromagnetic levitation requires electric energy consumption on one hand, electromagnetic levitation is unstable levitation on the other hand, a control device needs to be additionally arranged for adjustment, and the cost is also very high.
In order to solve the above problems, the physical world has long searched for a permanent magnet levitation, which is desired to be achieved because the permanent magnet levitation is levitated by utilizing the characteristics of the permanent magnet itself and does not require power consumption. Permanent magnetic levitation, once implemented, will reduce the cost and 30-year operating costs of levitation to a few hundredths of an electromagnetic levitation and a few thousandths of a superconducting levitation. Scientists in the physical world have done countless experiments in an attempt to achieve permanent magnetic levitation. However, "it may also be strange that people tried thousands of years, never worked" ("striking secrets of magnetic levitation [ J ] physics, 2013, 01, pages 63-66, wujiangyong (university of george city, usa)).
According to maxwell electrostatic field theory, the point particle set cannot be stably maintained in a stable stationary mechanical equilibrium structural system consisting of electrostatic interactions of charges only. This principle is applied to magnetic fields known as the ensha big theorem, that is, when there is no current in the suspension, the laplace mode of the static magnetic field is:
where W is the static magnetic energy of the system, equation (2) must be satisfied to balance the system according to the results of Enshao, but the second order differential of the static magnetic energy of the system must be greater than zero, i.e., to achieve stability, i.e., the second order differential of the static magnetic energy of the system must be greater than zero
Obviously, (2) and (3) cannot be satisfied simultaneously, and it is considered that the permanent magnet cannot rely on only the permanent magnetic force to achieve stable levitation in the gravitational field.
Further, assume that the object has rigidities in the x, y, and z directions of
In the formula, Fx, Fy and Fz are forces acting on the x, y and z directions of the object respectively, if the displacement direction of the object is the same as the direction of the acting force, the object is accelerated to deviate from the original position, the rigidity is negative at the moment, and the object is in an unstable state; if the displacement direction of the object is opposite to the acting force direction, the object can be pulled back to the original position, the rigidity is positive, and the object is in a stable state. As seen from equation (2):
in the presence of a magnetic field, the magnetic field,
i.e. by
If the system is symmetrical about the z-axis, then
This means that if the object is stabilized in the z-axis direction, it will be unstable in twice the radial direction, and similarly, when the object is stabilized in the radial direction, it will be unstable in half the axial direction.
According to the theory, the permanent magnet can only maintain stability in the lowest energy state, specifically, when the homopolarity of the permanent magnet is opposite, mutual repulsive force is generated, and the permanent magnets are far away from each other under the action of magnetic force until the static magnetic energy is the lowest position and maintain stability in the state. When the opposite poles of the permanent magnets are opposite, the magnets approach to each other under the action of magnetic force until the magnets are attracted together, and the static magnetic energy of the magnets is the lowest and the magnets are stable in the state.
The few decades published in 2017, which illustrate that from 1839 to 2017, the great principles of enshao are still recognized in the scientific community, such as alaivk.g. rauch.j, dielectric and conductor non-stability in electrostatic field (2017), rotational mechanics and analysis library, 224 (1), 223 rd, 268, which proves most of the arguments in the world famous maxwell electromagnetics monograph 116 published in 1873, and it is asserted that in external electrostatic field, there is no stable balanced structure of conductor and dielectric, which is applied to the field of permanent magnets by many scientists and is known as enshao's theorem.
Therefore, people can not realize stable permanent magnetic suspension for thousands of years, and the electromagnetic suspension, the superconducting suspension, the combination of electromagnetism and permanent magnet, the combination of superconductivity and permanent magnet, the combination of eddy current and permanent magnet diamagnetic suspension or the combination of gyroscopic force and permanent magnet are applied in the field of magnetic suspension at present, the suspensions are all magnetic suspensions with energy consumption, and the conditions for realizing suspension are very complicated, for example, the electromagnetic suspension needs an electromagnetic control system, the superconducting suspension needs liquid nitrogen at-180 ℃, the gyroscopic force suspension has severe conditions on the weight, the rotating speed and the like of a gyro, and the area for realizing stable suspension by gyroscopic force suspension is very small, only about 4mm, and the gyroscopic force suspension is only applied to toys at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems of overcoming the defects of complex structure and high operation cost of the existing electromagnetic suspension, superconducting suspension and gyroscopic force suspension, and provides an energy-consumption-free permanent magnetic suspension component with no energy consumption and simple structure, and a horizontal permanent magnetic suspension device and a vertical permanent magnetic suspension device adopting the energy-consumption-free permanent magnetic suspension component.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the energy-consumption-free permanent magnetic suspension component comprises a fixed magnet consisting of permanent magnets and a suspension magnet consisting of permanent magnets; the fixed magnet is fixed on the support, the fixed magnet and the suspension magnet are both barrel-shaped, the suspension magnet barrel is coaxially arranged in the fixed magnet barrel, the permanent magnets forming the suspension magnet barrel are axially arranged, a repulsion magnetic circuit structure is formed between the permanent magnets, the two ends of each barrel are respectively a first end and a second end, the ports of the two ends of the suspension magnet are positioned in the ports of the two ends of the fixed magnet, and the two barrels form radial stability in the radial direction; the static magnetic energy of the points with the same radial distance inside the side wall of the fixed magnet cylinder and outside the side wall of the suspension magnet cylinder forms a static magnetic energy curve of a fixed magnetic field in the axial direction, the static magnetic energy of the point at the corresponding position of the cylinder of the suspension magnet forms a suspension magnetic field static magnetic energy curve in the axial direction, the static magnetic energy curve of the fixed magnetic field gradually decreases from the second end of the fixed magnet to the first end, the curve protrudes outwards towards the suspension magnet, the static magnetic energy curve of the suspension magnetic field is gradually increased from the second end to the first end of the suspension magnet, the curve protrudes outwards towards the fixed magnet, the point of highest magnetostatic energy on the static energy curve of the fixed magnetic field is located before the point of lowest magnetostatic energy on the static energy curve of the levitated magnetic field in a direction from the second end toward the first end, the point of lowest magnetostatic energy of the fixed magnetic field magnetostatic energy curve is located after the point of highest magnetostatic energy on the levitated magnetic field magnetostatic energy curve.
The invention also provides a horizontal permanent magnetic suspension device, which comprises a first permanent magnetic suspension component and a second permanent magnetic suspension component which are symmetrically arranged in the horizontal direction, wherein the first permanent magnetic suspension component and the second permanent magnetic suspension component both adopt the energy-consumption-free permanent magnetic suspension component, a fixed magnet of the first permanent magnetic suspension component, namely a first fixed magnet, and a fixed magnet of the second permanent magnetic suspension component, namely a second fixed magnet, are coaxially arranged, the axes of the first fixed magnet and the second fixed magnet are parallel to the horizontal plane, and the first end of the first fixed magnet is opposite to the first end of the second fixed magnet and the polarities of the magnetic poles of the first fixed magnet and the second fixed magnet are the same; the suspension magnet of the first permanent magnetic suspension component, namely the first suspension magnet, and the suspension magnet of the second permanent magnetic suspension component, namely the second suspension magnet, are coaxially arranged, and the first end of the first suspension magnet and the first end of the second suspension magnet have the same magnetic pole polarity and are fixed together through a connecting piece; the polarity of the magnetic pole of the first end of the first fixed magnet is the same as that of the first end of the first suspension magnet, and the polarity of the magnetic pole of the first end of the second fixed magnet is the same as that of the magnetic pole of the first end of the second suspension magnet;
in a region between an inner wall of the first fixed magnet and an outer wall of the first levitation magnet, the static magnetic energy of the first fixed magnet gradually decreases in a direction from the second end of the first fixed magnet to the first end thereof to form a first fixed magnetic field static magnetic energy curve, and the static magnetic energy of the first levitation magnet gradually increases in the direction to form a first levitation magnetic field static magnetic energy curve to generate a first repulsive force in a direction from the second end to the first end;
in a region between the inner wall of the second fixed magnet and the outer wall of the second levitation magnet, the magnetostatic energy of the second fixed magnet gradually decreases in a direction from the second end of the second fixed magnet to the first end thereof to form a second fixed magnetic field magnetostatic energy curve, while the magnetostatic energy of the second levitation magnet gradually increases in the direction to form a second levitating field magnetostatic energy curve to generate a second repulsive force in the direction from the second end to the first end; the first repulsion and the second repulsion have the same size and opposite directions, and the two permanent magnetic suspension components are symmetrically arranged to form axial stability, so that the suspension state of the suspension magnet is a stable state.
The sum of the gravity G borne by the first suspension magnet and the second suspension magnet and the downward magnetic force borne by the first suspension magnet and the second suspension magnet is equal to the upward magnetic force borne by the first suspension magnet and the second suspension magnet, and the magnetic forces borne by the first suspension magnet and the second suspension magnet in other directions are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction;
when the first suspension magnet and the second suspension magnet move downwards under the action of a downward external force, the magnetic force opposite to the external force, namely the upward magnetic force, borne by the first suspension magnet and the second suspension magnet gradually increases, and the magnetic force in the same direction as the external force, namely the downward magnetic force, borne by the first suspension magnet and the second suspension magnet gradually decreases until the sum of the external force, the downward magnetic force and the gravity is equal to the upward magnetic force and has the opposite direction, and the first suspension magnet and the second suspension magnet reach balance again; when the first suspension magnet and the second suspension magnet move upwards under the action of an upward external force, the magnetic force opposite to the external force, namely the downward magnetic force, borne by the first suspension magnet and the second suspension magnet gradually increases, and the magnetic force in the same direction as the external force, namely the upward magnetic force, borne by the first suspension magnet and the second suspension magnet gradually decreases until the sum of the external force and the upward magnetic force is equal to the sum of the gravity and the downward magnetic force and has the opposite direction, and the first suspension magnet and the second suspension magnet reach balance again;
when the first suspension magnet and the second suspension magnet move under the action of external force in other directions, the magnetic force opposite to the external force is gradually increased, and meanwhile, the magnetic force in the same direction as the external force is gradually reduced until the sum of the external force and the magnetic force in the same direction as the external force is equal to the magnetic force in the opposite direction, the suspension magnet reaches a stable state at a new position, and when the external force disappears, the first suspension magnet and the second suspension magnet return to the original positions to reach the stable state again.
Preferably, the first fixed magnet and the second fixed magnet each include a plurality of cylindrical permanent magnets having the same inner diameter, opposite poles of adjacent permanent magnets attract each other and are coaxially fixed together, and the outer diameters of the plurality of permanent magnets decrease in sequence in a direction from the second end to the first end;
first suspension magnet is located in the cylindrical space that first fixed magnet constitutes, second suspension magnet is located in the cylindrical space that the fixed magnet of second constitutes, first suspension magnet and second suspension magnet all include the permanent magnet of the same tube-shape of a plurality of external diameters, and adjacent permanent magnet heteropolarity attracts mutually and fixes together coaxially, and in the direction of second end to first end, the internal diameter of a plurality of permanent magnets reduces in proper order, the cylindrical space that cylindrical space and the second suspension magnet that first suspension magnet constitutes constitute is the horizontally.
Preferably, the first end of the first fixed magnet and the first end of the second fixed magnet are fixedly connected together through a first connecting piece made of a non-magnetic conductive material and positioned therebetween, and the first end of the first levitation magnet and the first end of the second levitation magnet are fixedly connected together through a second connecting piece made of a non-magnetic conductive material and positioned therebetween.
Preferably, the support comprises a cylindrical mounting frame made of a non-magnetic conductive material, and the first fixed magnet and the second fixed magnet are fixed on the inner wall of the cylindrical mounting frame; the horizontal permanent magnetic suspension device also comprises a bearing device fixed with the first suspension magnet and the second suspension magnet.
The vertical permanent magnetic suspension device adopts the energy-consumption-free permanent magnetic suspension component which is arranged in the vertical direction, namely the axis of the fixed magnet and the axis of the suspension magnet positioned in the cylinder are vertical to the horizontal plane, the fixed magnet is fixed on the support, and the magnetic pole at the lower end of the fixed magnet is the same as the magnetic pole at the lower end of the suspension magnet;
in the region between the inner wall of the fixed magnet and the outer wall of the levitation magnet, the static magnetic energy curve of the fixed magnet gradually decreases in the direction from bottom to top to form a fixed magnetic field static magnetic energy curve, and the static magnetic energy curve of the levitation magnet gradually increases in the direction from bottom to top to form a levitation magnetic field static magnetic energy curve;
the gravity borne by the suspension magnet is equal to the upward magnetic force borne by the suspension magnet in the same direction, and the magnetic forces borne by the suspension magnet in other directions are equal to each other in the same direction, so that axial stability is formed, and the suspension state of the suspension magnet is stable; when the suspension magnet moves downwards under the action of a downward external force, the upward magnetic force applied to the suspension magnet is increased, when the upward magnetic force is increased to be equal to the sum of the gravity and the external force applied to the suspension magnet, the suspension magnet reaches balance again, when the suspension magnet moves upwards under the action of the upward external force, the upward magnetic force applied to the suspension magnet is reduced, and when the sum of the upward magnetic force and the upward external force is equal to the gravity, the suspension magnet reaches balance again;
when the suspension magnet moves under the action of external force in other directions, the magnetic force in the reverse direction of the external force is gradually increased, and meanwhile, the magnetic force in the same direction as the external force is gradually decreased until the sum of the external force and the magnetic force in the same direction as the external force is equal to the magnetic force in the reverse direction of the external force and in the opposite direction, the suspension magnet reaches a stable state at a new position, and when the external force disappears, the suspension magnet returns to the original position to reach the stable state again.
Preferably, the fixed magnet comprises a plurality of cylindrical permanent magnets with the same inner diameter, opposite poles of adjacent permanent magnets attract each other and are coaxially fixed together, the outer diameters of the plurality of permanent magnets are sequentially reduced in the direction from bottom to top, and the axis of a cylindrical space formed by the fixed magnet is vertical;
the suspension magnet is located in the cylindrical space of fixed magnet, the suspension magnet includes the permanent magnet of the same tube-shape of a plurality of external diameters, and adjacent permanent magnet heteropolarity attracts mutually and is fixed together coaxially, and from the ascending orientation down, the internal diameter of a plurality of permanent magnets reduces in proper order, the axis perpendicular to horizontal plane in the cylindrical space that the suspension magnet constitutes.
Preferably, the support includes a cylindrical mounting frame made of a non-magnetic conductive material, and the fixed magnet is fixed to an inner wall of the cylindrical mounting frame.
Preferably, the vertical permanent magnetic suspension device further comprises a bearing device fixed with the suspension magnet.
Preferably, the bearing device is a vertical rotating shaft which passes through the cylindrical space formed by the suspension magnet and is fixed with the suspension magnet.
Compared with the prior art, the energy-consumption-free permanent magnet suspension component, the horizontal permanent magnet suspension device and the vertical permanent magnet suspension device have the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the energy-consumption-free permanent magnet suspension component, the fixed magnet cylinder and the suspension magnet cylinder in the fixed magnet cylinder form a repulsion magnetic circuit structure, so that the radial stability is realized; in the direction from the second end to the first end, a fixed field magnetostatic energy curve in which the point of highest magnetostatic energy is located before the point of lowest magnetostatic energy of the levitating field magnetostatic energy curve and the point of lowest magnetostatic energy of the fixed field magnetostatic energy curve is located after the point of highest magnetostatic energy of the levitating field magnetostatic energy curve are in a specific relationship with each other, and when viewed from the perspective of radial symmetry of the cylinder, that is, when another pair of curves in the direction of symmetry is added, it can be seen that the levitating magnet is located at a position above the highest magnetostatic energy of the fixed magnet and the magnet tries to minimize the magnetostatic energy, a force in the axial direction of a single direction is formed according to the principle of symmetry, and axial stability can be achieved by gravity or another opposite force in the axial direction of a single direction. That is, in the axial direction, the floating state of the floating magnet can be a stable state by forming the energy curve relationship through the specific structures of the fixed magnet and the floating magnet.
2. Therefore, when the non-energy-consumption permanent magnetic suspension component is two and symmetrically and horizontally arranged, a horizontal permanent magnetic suspension device can be formed, when a single component is vertically arranged, a non-energy-consumption vertical permanent magnetic suspension device can be formed, the magnetic field formed by the non-energy-consumption vertical permanent magnetic suspension component can generate a specific magnetic field, so that the suspension magnet or the suspension magnet and an object fixed with the suspension magnet realize the stability of a rated amplitude in the axial direction and the radial direction of the fixed magnet, when the suspension magnet or the object fixed with the suspension magnet is moved by external force which is not more than the rated amplitude in the radial direction or the axial direction, the magnetic force opposite to the external force applied by the suspension magnet when the suspension magnet is moved by the external force in the axial direction and/or the radial direction is gradually increased, and the magnetic force (if any) in the same direction with the external force is gradually reduced until the suspension magnet is stressed and balanced again, the suspension magnet reaches a stable state at a new position, and when the external force is eliminated, the suspension magnet or the suspension magnet and the object fixed with the suspension magnet return to the original position, so that the suspension magnet and/or the object fixed with the suspension magnet can realize stable suspension within a rated range.
3. When the bearing device is a horizontal shaft, the horizontal permanent magnet suspension device can be used as a horizontal permanent magnet suspension bearing.
4. When the bearing device is a vertical shaft, the vertical permanent magnet suspension device can be used as a vertical permanent magnet suspension bearing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a horizontal permanent magnetic levitation device of the present invention, wherein a left side view is a sectional view in a front view direction, and a right side view is a left side view.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the superposition of the structure and static magnetic energy curves of the horizontal permanent magnetic suspension device of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a vertical permanent magnetic levitation device of the present invention, in which an upper diagram is a sectional view in a front view direction, and a lower diagram is a top view.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the superposition of the structure and static magnetic energy curves of the vertical permanent magnetic suspension device of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 1 and 2: 11 a first fixed magnet, 12 a second fixed magnet, 13 a first floating magnet, 14 a second floating magnet, 15 a first portion, 16 a second portion, 17 a horizontal rotation axis, 18 a first connecting member, 19 a second connecting member,L1first fixed field magnetostatic energy curve, L2First levitating magnetic field magnetostatic energy curve, L3Second fixed field magnetostatic energy curve, L4The second levitating magnetic field magnetostatic energy curve.
Fig. 3 and 4: 21 fixed magnet, 22 floating magnet, 23 cylindrical mounting, 24 vertical rotation axis, L5Static magnetic energy curve of fixed magnetic field, L6The levitating magnetic field magnetostatic energy curve.
Detailed Description
The energy-consumption-free permanent magnetic suspension component comprises a fixed magnet consisting of permanent magnets and a suspension magnet consisting of permanent magnets, and the permanent magnets in the invention are all rare earth permanent magnets as a preferable scheme. The fixed magnet is fixed on the support, the fixed magnet and the suspension magnet are both barrel-shaped, the suspension magnet barrel is coaxially arranged in the fixed magnet barrel, the permanent magnets forming the fixed magnet barrel and the suspension magnet barrel are respectively arranged along the axial direction, and a repulsion magnetic circuit structure is formed between the permanent magnets. The two ends of each cylinder are respectively a first end and a second end, the ports at the two ends of the suspension magnet are positioned in the ports at the two ends of the fixed magnet, the fixed magnet and the suspension magnet repel each other in the radial direction, according to the Coulomb's law of magnetism, the repulsion force is inversely proportional to the square distance, the smaller the distance is, the larger the repulsion force is, and the two cylinders form radial stability in the radial direction.
Static magnetic energy of points with the same radial distance in the side wall of the fixed magnet cylinder and outside the side wall of the suspension magnet cylinder forms a static magnetic energy curve of a fixed magnetic field in the axial direction, and static magnetic energy of points at corresponding positions of the suspension magnet cylinder forms a static magnetic energy curve of a suspension magnetic field in the axial direction. The fixed magnetic field static magnetic energy curve gradually decreases from the second end of the fixed magnet to the first end of the fixed magnet, the curve protrudes outward towards the levitating magnet, the levitating magnetic field static magnetic energy curve gradually increases from the second end of the levitating magnet to the first end of the levitating magnet, and the curve protrudes outward towards the fixed magnet. The point of highest magnetostatic energy on the fixed-field magnetostatic energy curve is located before the point of lowest magnetostatic energy on the levitating-field magnetostatic energy curve in a direction from the second end toward the first end, and the point of lowest magnetostatic energy on the fixed-field magnetostatic energy curve is located after the point of highest magnetostatic energy on the levitating-field magnetostatic energy curve.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the horizontal permanent magnetic levitation device of the present invention includes a first permanent magnetic levitation member and a second permanent magnetic levitation member symmetrically arranged in a horizontal direction, and in this embodiment, the structure of the horizontal permanent magnetic levitation device is symmetrical with respect to a symmetry plane, which is an axis perpendicular to the horizontal permanent magnetic levitation device, and a plane passing through a line L in fig. 1 and 2, that is, the first permanent magnetic levitation member and the second permanent magnetic levitation member are symmetrical with respect to the plane.
The first permanent magnetic suspension component and the second permanent magnetic suspension component both adopt the energy-consumption-free permanent magnetic suspension component, the fixed magnet of the first permanent magnetic suspension component, namely the first fixed magnet 11, and the fixed magnet of the second permanent magnetic suspension component, namely the second fixed magnet 12, are coaxially arranged, the axes of the fixed magnets are parallel to the horizontal plane, one ends of the two fixed magnets 11 and 12, which are close to the symmetry plane where the L line is located, are first ends, the other ends are far away from the symmetry plane, the first ends of the first fixed magnets 11 are opposite to the first ends of the second fixed magnets 12, and the polarities of the magnetic poles of the first fixed magnets 11 are the same; the suspension magnet of the first permanent magnetic suspension component, namely the first suspension magnet 13, and the suspension magnet of the second permanent magnetic suspension component, namely the second suspension magnet 14, are coaxially arranged, one end of each of the two suspension magnets 13 and 14 close to a symmetry plane where an L line is located is a first end, the other end is a second end, and the first end of the first suspension magnet 13 and the first end of the second suspension magnet 14 have the same magnetic pole polarity and are fixed together through a connecting piece; the first end of the first fixed magnet 11 has the same magnetic pole polarity as the first end of the first floating magnet 13, and the first end of the second fixed magnet 12 has the same magnetic pole polarity as the first end of the second floating magnet 14, thereby forming a repulsion magnetic circuit structure.
In the region between the inner wall of the first fixed magnet 11 and the outer wall of the first levitation magnet 13, the static magnetic energy of the first fixed magnet 11 in the axial direction at points of the same radial distance in the direction from the second end of the first fixed magnet 11 to the first end thereof gradually decreases to form a first fixed-field static magnetic energy curve L1At the same time, the magnetostatic energy of the first levitation magnet 13 gradually increases at the same point in the direction, and a first levitation magnetic field magnetostatic energy curve L is formed2And a first repulsive force is generated in a direction from the second end to the first end.
In the region between the inner wall of the second fixed magnet 12 and the outer wall of the second levitation magnet 14, the magnetostatic energy of the second fixed magnet 12 gradually decreases in the direction from the second end of the second fixed magnet 12 to the first end thereof, forming a second fixed-field magnetostatic energy curve L3While the magnetostatic energy of the second levitation magnet 14 gradually increases in this direction, a second levitation-field magnetostatic energy curve L is formed4Generating a second repulsive force in a direction from the second end to the first end; the first repulsive force and the second repulsive force are the same in size and opposite in direction, the axial repulsive force is in direct proportion to the square of the distance, the smaller the distance is, the larger the repulsive force is, the two permanent magnetic suspension components are symmetrically arranged to form axial stability, and the suspension state of the suspension magnet is stable. The structure of the invention realizes the radial stability and the axial stability which are not realized for thousands of years.
The sum of the gravity G received by the first and second levitation magnets 13 and 14 and the downward magnetic force received by the first and second levitation magnets 13 and 14 is equal to the upward magnetic force received by the first and second levitation magnets 13 and 14, and the magnetic forces received by the first and second levitation magnets 13 and 14 in other directions are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
When the first levitation magnet 13 and the second levitation magnet 14 are moved downward by a downward external force, the magnetic force applied thereto in the opposite direction to the external force, that is, the upward magnetic force, is gradually increased, and the magnetic force applied thereto in the same direction as the external force, that is, the downward magnetic force, is gradually decreased until the sum of the external force, the downward magnetic force and the gravity is equal to the upward magnetic force in the opposite direction, and the first levitation magnet 13 and the second levitation magnet 14 are balanced again. When the first levitation magnet 13 and the second levitation magnet 14 are moved upward by an upward external force, the magnetic force applied thereto in the opposite direction to the external force, that is, the downward magnetic force, is gradually increased, and the magnetic force applied thereto in the same direction as the external force, that is, the upward magnetic force, is gradually decreased until the sum of the external force and the upward magnetic force is equal to and opposite to the sum of the gravity and the downward magnetic force, and the first levitation magnet 13 and the second levitation magnet 14 are balanced again.
When the first suspension magnet 13 and the second suspension magnet 14 are subjected to external force in other directions to move, the magnetic force applied to the first suspension magnet 13 and the second suspension magnet 14 in the opposite direction to the external force is gradually increased, and meanwhile, the magnetic force applied to the first suspension magnet 13 and the second suspension magnet 14 in the same direction as the external force is gradually decreased until the sum of the external force and the magnetic force in the same direction as the external force is equal to the magnetic force in the opposite direction to the external force in the opposite direction, and the first suspension magnet 13 and the second suspension magnet 14 reach a stable state at a new position. When the external force disappears, the first and second levitation magnets 13 and 14 return to the home position to reach the steady state again. An object can be carried on the suspension magnet, so that the suspension magnet and the object fixed with the suspension magnet can realize stable suspension within a rated range.
In the present invention, the "external force" refers to an external force not exceeding a rated magnitude, and the external force may be an external force suddenly applied or may be a vibration of the load itself. When the external force exceeds the bearing limit of the magnetic field, suspension cannot be realized, for example, a radial force is applied to overcome the repulsive force between the fixed magnet and the suspension magnet to enable the fixed magnet and the suspension magnet to be attached together, or an axial force is applied to push the suspension magnet out of the cylinder of the fixed magnet. The "external forces" in the present invention exclude these external forces. The "other directions" in the present invention mean radial and axial directions, except for upper and lower directions thereof.
The first end of the first fixed magnet 11 and the first end of the second fixed magnet 12 are disposed opposite to each other and have the same magnetic pole, which is S-pole in this embodiment, and the magnetic pole of the first end of the same magnet has different polarity from that of the second end of the same magnet, so that the magnetic poles of the second end of the first fixed magnet 11 and the second end of the second fixed magnet 12 are the same and are far away from each other, which are both N-poles in this embodiment. Arranged opposite, i.e. close to each other but at a distance in the horizontal direction.
The first fixed magnet 11 and the second fixed magnet 12 each include a plurality of cylindrical permanent magnets having the same inner diameter, and the lengths of the permanent magnets in the axial direction may be the same or different. The opposite poles of the adjacent permanent magnets are attracted and fixed together coaxially, and preferably, the permanent magnets of the first fixed magnet 11 are bonded together by glue, and the permanent magnets of the second fixed magnet 12 are bonded together by glue, and in the embodiment, the bonding between the permanent magnets is performed by using a glue accelerator 7649 under the trademark "le tai 326 #". The inner spaces of the plurality of cylindrical permanent magnets fixed together are connected to form a cylindrical space.
In other embodiments, the first end of the first fixed magnet 11 and the first end of the second fixed magnet 12 may be separated by a gap. In other embodiments, the first fixed magnet 11 may have a gap between adjacent permanent magnets, each of which is fixed to the mounting bracket, and the second fixed magnet 12, the first levitation magnet 13, and the second levitation magnet 14 may be similarly designed, but need to form the static magnetic curve shape and trend described above.
The outer diameters of the plurality of permanent magnets are sequentially reduced in a direction from the second end to the first end, so that the first fixed magnet 11 and the second fixed magnet 12 respectively form a pagoda-shaped gradient structure, which is an outer gradient structure, and the tower tips of the two pagodas are opposite. The cylindrical space formed by the first fixed magnet 11 and the cylindrical space formed by the second fixed magnet 12 are coaxial, and the axes of the cylindrical space formed by the first fixed magnet 11 and the cylindrical space formed by the second fixed magnet 12 are horizontal. The above structure enables the static magnetic energy curve of the fixed magnetic field formed in the axial direction at the point of the same radial distance between the fixed magnet and the levitating magnet to gradually decrease from the second end of the fixed magnet to the first end, with the curve projecting outward toward the levitating magnet. See fig. 2. Both stationary magnets 11, 12 form a number of such stationary field magnetostatic energy curves.
The first floating magnet 13 is located in the cylindrical space formed by the first fixed magnet 11, the length of the first floating magnet 13 in the axial direction is smaller than that of the first fixed magnet 11 in the axial direction, and both ends of the first floating magnet 13 are located inside the cylindrical space formed by the first fixed magnet 11 in static and dynamic states. The second floating magnet 14 is located in the cylindrical space formed by the second fixed magnet 12, the length of the second floating magnet 14 along the axial direction is smaller than that of the second fixed magnet 12 along the axial direction, and under static and dynamic conditions, both ends of the second floating magnet 14 are located in the cylindrical space formed by the second fixed magnet 12.
The first end of the first levitation magnet 13 is opposite to the first end of the second levitation magnet 14, and has the same magnetic pole, which is S-pole in this embodiment. The first levitation magnet 13 and the second levitation magnet 14 each include a plurality of cylindrical permanent magnets having the same outer diameter, and opposite poles of adjacent permanent magnets attract each other and are coaxially fixed together. Preferably, the permanent magnets of the first levitation magnet 13 are bonded together by glue, and the permanent magnets of the second levitation magnet 14 are bonded together by glue.
The inner diameters of the plurality of permanent magnets are sequentially reduced in a direction from the second end to the first end, that is, an inner gradient structure is formed, the cylindrical space formed by the first levitation magnet 13 and the cylindrical space formed by the second levitation magnet 14 are coaxial, and the axes of the cylindrical space formed by the first levitation magnet 13 and the cylindrical space formed by the second levitation magnet 14 are horizontal.
The magnetic pole of the second end of the first fixed magnet 11 is the same as that of the second end of the first floating magnet 13, and the magnetic pole of the second end of the second fixed magnet 12 is the same as that of the second end of the second floating magnet 14. The two levitating magnets are constructed such that the levitating field magnetostatic energy curve formed in the axial direction at points located at the same radial distance between the fixed magnet and the levitating magnet gradually increases from the second end to the first end of the levitating magnet, and the curve protrudes outward toward the fixed magnet, and both the levitating magnets 13, 14 form a large number of such levitating field magnetostatic energy curves. Fig. 2 shows such a magnetostatic energy relationship that the point of the highest magnetostatic energy on the fixed-field magnetostatic energy curve is located before the point of the lowest magnetostatic energy on the levitating-field magnetostatic energy curve and the point of the lowest magnetostatic energy on the fixed-field magnetostatic energy curve is located after the point of the highest magnetostatic energy on the levitating-field magnetostatic energy curve in the direction from the second end toward the first end.
Preferably, the first end of the first fixed magnet 11 and the first end of the second fixed magnet 12 are fixedly connected together by a first connecting member 18 made of a non-magnetic conductive material therebetween, and the first end of the first levitation magnet 13 and the first end of the second levitation magnet 14 are fixedly connected together by a second connecting member 19 made of a non-magnetic conductive material therebetween.
The support comprises a tubular mounting made of non-magnetically conductive material, the axis of which is also horizontal, the first and second fixed magnets 11, 12 being fixed to the inner wall of the tubular mounting 23. The first connecting member 18 connecting the first end of the first fixed magnet 11 and the first end of the second fixed magnet 12 may be a part of the cylindrical mounting bracket 23, or may be independent of the cylindrical mounting bracket 23.
Preferably, a non-magnetic material can be filled between the outer wall of the fixed magnet and the inner wall of the cylindrical mounting frame, so that no gap exists between the fixed magnet and the inner wall of the cylindrical mounting frame, and higher mounting precision and stability are achieved.
As a preferred embodiment, the tubular mounting bracket may be divided into two parts, as shown in fig. 1, the inner diameters of which are the same, so that the two parts are shorter in length, and the first fixed magnet 11 may be mounted in the first part 15, the second fixed magnet 12 may be mounted in the second part 16, and the first part 15 and the second part 16 may be fixed together by bolts.
The horizontal permanent magnetic suspension device further comprises a bearing device fixed with the first suspension magnet 13 and the second suspension magnet 14. In this embodiment, the bearing means is a horizontal rotation shaft 17 passing through the cylindrical space formed by the first levitation magnet 13 and the cylindrical space formed by the second levitation magnet 14 and fixed to the first levitation magnet 13 and the second levitation magnet 14. Thus, the horizontal permanent magnetic suspension device becomes a horizontal permanent magnetic suspension bearing. The rotating shaft or other types of bearing devices can also bear other objects, so that the objects can be stably suspended by means of permanent magnetic force.
Preferably, the axis of the first levitation magnet 13 is higher than the axis of the first fixed magnet 11 when the carrier is unloaded, so that the position of the load-bearing carrier is closer to the axis, and the stable levitation can be maintained in a wider range.
The vertical permanent magnetic suspension device of the invention adopts the energy-free permanent magnetic suspension component arranged in the vertical direction, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the energy-free permanent magnetic suspension component is arranged in the vertical direction, namely, the axes of the fixed magnet 21 and the suspension magnet 22 positioned in the cylinder shape of the fixed magnet 21 are vertical to the horizontal plane, the fixed magnet 21 is fixed on the support, and the magnetic pole at the lower end of the fixed magnet 21 is the same as the magnetic pole at the lower end of the suspension magnet 22.
In the region between the inner wall of the fixed magnet 21 and the outer wall of the levitation magnet 22, the magnetostatic energy curve of the fixed magnet 21 gradually decreases in the bottom-up direction to form a fixed-field magnetostatic energy curve L5. At the same time, the static magnetic energy of the levitating magnet 22 gradually increases in the direction from bottom to top, forming a levitating field static magnetic energy curveL6。
The gravity force received by the levitation magnet 22 is equal to and opposite to the upward magnetic force received by the levitation magnet 22, and the magnetic forces received by the levitation magnet 22 in other directions are equal to and opposite to each other, so that axial stability is formed, and the levitation state of the levitation magnet is stable.
When the levitation magnet 22 is moved downward by a downward external force, the upward magnetic force applied thereto increases, and when the upward magnetic force increases to be equal to the sum of the gravity and the external force applied thereto, the levitation magnet 22 is again in equilibrium. When the levitation magnet 22 is moved upward by an upward external force, the upward magnetic force applied thereto is reduced, and when the sum of the upward magnetic force and the upward external force is equal to the gravity, the levitation magnet 22 is balanced again.
When the floating magnet 22 is moved by external force in other directions, the magnetic force in the opposite direction to the external force is gradually increased, and the magnetic force in the same direction as the external force is gradually decreased until the sum of the external force and the magnetic force in the same direction as the external force is equal to the magnetic force in the opposite direction to the external force, the floating magnet 22 reaches a stable state at a new position, and when the external force disappears, the floating magnet 22 returns to the original position to reach the stable state again.
In the present embodiment, the fixed magnet 21 includes a plurality of cylindrical permanent magnets, opposite poles of adjacent permanent magnets attract each other and are coaxially fixed together, and the outer diameters of the plurality of permanent magnets of the fixed magnet 21 are sequentially reduced in a direction from bottom to top, and the axis of the cylindrical space formed by the fixed magnet 21 is vertical.
The suspension magnet 22 is located in the cylindrical space of the fixed magnet 21, the suspension magnet 22 comprises a plurality of cylindrical permanent magnets with the same outer diameter, opposite poles of adjacent permanent magnets attract each other and are coaxially fixed together, the inner diameters of the permanent magnets are sequentially reduced from the upward direction, and the axis of the cylindrical space formed by the suspension magnet 22 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
The polarity of the magnetic pole at the lower end of the fixed magnet 21 is the same as that of the magnetic pole at the lower end of the floating magnet 22, thereby forming a repulsion magnetic circuit structure. In this embodiment, the lower end is an N pole, and the upper end is an S pole. Of course, the lower ends may be S poles and the upper ends may be N poles. The polarities of the magnetic poles at the upper end and the lower end of the same magnet are always different. The length of the levitation magnet 22 is smaller than that of the fixed magnet 21, and the upper end of the levitation magnet 22 is positioned below the upper end of the fixed magnet 21 and the lower end of the levitation magnet 22 is positioned above the lower end of the fixed magnet 21.
The support includes a cylindrical mounting bracket 23 made of a non-magnetic conductive material, and the fixed magnet 21 is fixed on an inner wall of the cylindrical mounting bracket 23.
The vertical permanent magnetic levitation device further comprises a carrying device fixed with the levitation magnet 22. In this embodiment, the bearing means is a vertical rotating shaft 24 passing through the cylindrical space formed by the levitation magnet 22 and fixed to the levitation magnet 22. Therefore, the vertical permanent magnetic suspension device can be used as a vertical bearing. Of course, the carrying device can also be in other shapes and is used for carrying other objects to enable the objects to stably suspend under the action of magnetic force.
The rotating shafts in the two embodiments are preferably made of carbon fiber or titanium alloy, have better strength and other mechanical properties, can bear higher rotating speed and have longer service life.
The static magnetic energy curves and the magnet structures of the energy-consumption-free permanent magnetic suspension component, the horizontal permanent magnetic suspension device and the vertical permanent magnetic suspension device are obtained after decades of experiments, the success of the experiments turns over Enshao theorem, and meanwhile, if the structure is applied to magnetic suspension bearings and other fields to realize energy-consumption-free suspension, the energy consumption and the abrasion loss can be greatly reduced, so that great economic value can be created.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The vertical permanent magnetic suspension device is characterized in that the vertical permanent magnetic suspension device adopts a non-energy-consumption permanent magnetic suspension component arranged in the vertical direction, and the non-energy-consumption permanent magnetic suspension component comprises a fixed magnet consisting of permanent magnets and a suspension magnet consisting of permanent magnets; the fixed magnet is fixed on the support, the fixed magnet and the suspension magnet are both in a cylindrical shape, the cylindrical bodies of the suspension magnet are coaxially arranged in the cylindrical bodies of the fixed magnet, the permanent magnets forming the cylindrical bodies of the suspension magnet are respectively arranged along the axial direction, a repulsion magnetic circuit structure is formed between the permanent magnets, two ends of each cylindrical body are respectively a first end and a second end, ports at two ends of the suspension magnet are positioned in ports at two ends of the fixed magnet, and the two cylindrical bodies form radial stability in the radial direction; the static magnetic energy of the points with the same radial distance inside the cylinder side wall of the fixed magnet and outside the cylinder side wall of the suspension magnet forms a static magnetic energy curve of a fixed magnetic field in the axial direction, the static magnetic energy of the point on the corresponding position of the cylinder of the levitation magnet forms a levitation magnetic field static magnetic energy curve in the axial direction, the static magnetic energy curve of the fixed magnetic field gradually decreases from the second end of the fixed magnet to the first end, the curve protrudes outwards towards the suspension magnet, the static magnetic energy curve of the suspension magnetic field is gradually increased from the second end to the first end of the suspension magnet, the curve protrudes outwards towards the fixed magnet, the point of highest magnetostatic energy on the static energy curve of the fixed magnetic field is located before the point of lowest magnetostatic energy on the static energy curve of the levitated magnetic field in a direction from the second end toward the first end, the point of lowest magnetostatic energy of the static magnetic energy curve of the fixed magnetic field is behind the point of highest magnetostatic energy of the static magnetic energy curve of the levitated magnetic field;
the axis of the fixed magnet and the axis of the suspension magnet in the cylinder of the fixed magnet are vertical to the horizontal plane, the fixed magnet is fixed on the support, and the magnetic pole at the lower end of the fixed magnet is the same as the magnetic pole at the lower end of the suspension magnet;
in the region between the inner wall of the fixed magnet and the outer wall of the levitating magnet, the static magnetic energy curve of the fixed magnet gradually decreases in the direction from bottom to top to form the fixed magnetic field static magnetic energy curve, and the static magnetic energy curve of the levitating magnet gradually increases in the direction from bottom to top to form the levitating magnetic field static magnetic energy curve;
the gravity borne by the suspension magnet is equal to the upward magnetic force borne by the suspension magnet in the same direction, and the magnetic forces borne by the suspension magnet in other directions are equal to each other in the same direction, so that axial stability is formed, and the suspension state of the suspension magnet is stable; when the suspension magnet moves downwards under the action of a downward external force, the upward magnetic force applied to the suspension magnet is increased, when the upward magnetic force is increased to be equal to the sum of the gravity and the external force applied to the suspension magnet, the suspension magnet reaches balance again, when the suspension magnet moves upwards under the action of the upward external force, the upward magnetic force applied to the suspension magnet is reduced, and when the sum of the upward magnetic force and the upward external force is equal to the gravity, the suspension magnet reaches balance again;
when the suspension magnet moves under the action of external force in other directions, the magnetic force in the reverse direction of the external force is gradually increased, and meanwhile, the magnetic force in the same direction as the external force is gradually decreased until the sum of the external force and the magnetic force in the same direction as the external force is equal to the magnetic force in the reverse direction of the external force and in the opposite direction, the suspension magnet reaches a stable state at a new position, and when the external force disappears, the suspension magnet returns to the original position to reach the stable state again.
2. The vertical permanent magnetic suspension device according to claim 1, wherein the fixed magnet comprises a plurality of cylindrical permanent magnets with the same inner diameter, opposite poles of adjacent permanent magnets are attracted and coaxially fixed together, the outer diameters of the plurality of permanent magnets are sequentially reduced in the direction from bottom to top, and the axis of a cylindrical space formed by the fixed magnet is vertical;
the suspension magnet is located in the cylindrical space of fixed magnet, the suspension magnet includes the permanent magnet of the same tube-shape of a plurality of external diameters, and adjacent permanent magnet heteropolarity attracts mutually and is fixed together coaxially, and from the ascending orientation down, the internal diameter of a plurality of permanent magnets reduces in proper order, the axis perpendicular to horizontal plane in the cylindrical space that the suspension magnet constitutes.
3. The vertical permanent magnetic levitation device of claim 2, wherein the support comprises a cylindrical mounting bracket made of a non-magnetically permeable material, and the fixed magnet is fixed to an inner wall of the cylindrical mounting bracket.
4. The vertical permanent magnetic levitation device of claim 2, further comprising a carrier secured to the levitation magnet.
5. The vertical permanent magnetic levitation device of claim 4, wherein the carrier means is a vertical rotation shaft passing through a cylindrical space formed by the levitation magnets and fixed with the levitation magnets.
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| CN201810201794.6A CN110266215B (en) | 2018-03-12 | 2018-03-12 | Vertical permanent magnetic suspension device |
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| CA2327492A1 (en) * | 2000-11-10 | 2002-05-10 | Go Simon Sunatori | Magnetically suspended flywheel system |
| CN102042170A (en) * | 2009-10-14 | 2011-05-04 | 卓向东 | Suspended ring extended conical bevel magnetic suspension wind-driven generator |
| CN102045006A (en) * | 2009-10-12 | 2011-05-04 | 卓向东 | Radial magnetic suspension motor with conical ring |
| CN102377298A (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2012-03-14 | 江苏大学 | Five-degree-of-freedom (five-DOF) bearing-free permanent magnet synchronous motor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2327492A1 (en) * | 2000-11-10 | 2002-05-10 | Go Simon Sunatori | Magnetically suspended flywheel system |
| CN102045006A (en) * | 2009-10-12 | 2011-05-04 | 卓向东 | Radial magnetic suspension motor with conical ring |
| CN102042170A (en) * | 2009-10-14 | 2011-05-04 | 卓向东 | Suspended ring extended conical bevel magnetic suspension wind-driven generator |
| CN102377298A (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2012-03-14 | 江苏大学 | Five-degree-of-freedom (five-DOF) bearing-free permanent magnet synchronous motor |
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