CN110260778B - Chamfer measurement method and device based on electromagnetic principle - Google Patents
Chamfer measurement method and device based on electromagnetic principle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种基于电磁原理的倒角测量装置，包括：使得回转体零件在一个固定位沿其自身轴线转动的一定位与驱动机构；设置在回转体零件倒角相应上方的一电磁传感器，用于测量电磁传感器与回转体零件倒角之间的距离，将所述距离信息转化为相应电信号，并向信号处理装置发送；用于固定所述电磁传感器的一支架；用于为电磁传感器提供激励的一磁场激励装置；用于接收电磁传感器发出电信号并进行处理的信号处理装置。本发明采用非接触式检测方式，检测速度快，可以进行自动化检测。
The present invention provides a chamfer measuring device based on the electromagnetic principle, comprising: a positioning and driving mechanism that allows a rotating part to rotate along its own axis at a fixed position; an electromagnetic sensor disposed above the corresponding chamfer of the rotating part, used to measure the distance between the electromagnetic sensor and the chamfer of the rotating part, convert the distance information into a corresponding electrical signal, and send it to a signal processing device; a bracket for fixing the electromagnetic sensor; a magnetic field excitation device for providing excitation for the electromagnetic sensor; and a signal processing device for receiving and processing the electrical signal sent by the electromagnetic sensor. The present invention adopts a non-contact detection method, has a fast detection speed, and can perform automated detection.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及制造业测量仪器领域，尤其是一种用于导电材料回转体零件的倒角检测方法和测量仪器。The invention relates to the field of manufacturing measuring instruments, in particular to a chamfer detection method and a measuring instrument for a rotating body part made of conductive material.
背景技术Background technique
在机械加工领域，倒角是非常普遍和重要的一道工序，同时具有多种作用。比如可以避免尖角划伤相关人员，可以减小零件的应力集中加强零件强度，可以在装配时提供导向作用。倒角在加工时可能会偏离设计尺寸或深浅不均，这样对零件的质量会有较大影响，因此有必要对零件的倒角进行测量。In the field of mechanical processing, chamfering is a very common and important process, and it has many functions. For example, it can prevent sharp corners from scratching related personnel, reduce stress concentration of parts and strengthen the strength of parts, and provide guidance during assembly. Chamfers may deviate from the design size or have uneven depth during processing, which will have a great impact on the quality of parts, so it is necessary to measure the chamfers of parts.
目前，倒角测量方法常用的是游标卡尺、倒角规倒角轮廓检测仪等机械式方法，这种方法完全依赖人工进行测量、读数，且测量工具需要接触待测零件，可能会对高质量的加工表面造成伤害，检测效率低、易受人为因素干扰。At present, the commonly used chamfer measurement methods are mechanical methods such as vernier calipers, chamfer gauges and chamfer profile detectors. This method completely relies on manual measurement and reading, and the measuring tool needs to contact the part to be measured, which may cause damage to the high-quality machined surface. The detection efficiency is low and it is easily affected by human factors.
中国专利CN101036045A中描述了一种基于光线反射方法的倒角测量方法，其基本思路是将光线水平照射到两垂直面之间的待测倒角上，照射到待测倒角上的光线成90°反射后行程一条亮的光带；通过获取亮的光带图像来测量该光带的宽度，该光带的宽度即对应为待测倒角的R值。这种方法的装置复杂，需要光源发射器和摄像机，还需要对得到的图像进行分析处理，运算量大。光学方法对零件的表面洁净程度和表面质量有较高要求，很难检测表面有较多油污和加工表面复杂的零件倒角。另外光学方法对测量环境的要求较高，易受环境光的干扰。Chinese patent CN101036045A describes a chamfer measurement method based on the light reflection method. The basic idea is to illuminate the light horizontally onto the chamfer to be measured between two vertical surfaces. The light irradiated onto the chamfer to be measured is reflected at 90° to form a bright light band. The width of the light band is measured by acquiring the image of the bright light band, and the width of the light band corresponds to the R value of the chamfer to be measured. This method has a complex device and requires a light source transmitter and a camera. It also requires analysis and processing of the obtained image, which requires a large amount of calculation. The optical method has high requirements on the surface cleanliness and surface quality of the parts. It is difficult to detect the chamfers of parts with a lot of oil on the surface and complex processing surfaces. In addition, the optical method has high requirements on the measurement environment and is easily disturbed by ambient light.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中存在的不足，提供一种基于电磁原理的倒角测量方法及装置，采用非接触式检测方式，检测速度快，可以进行自动化检测。本发明采用的技术方案是：The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a chamfer measurement method and device based on electromagnetic principle, which adopts non-contact detection mode, has fast detection speed and can perform automatic detection. The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
一种基于电磁原理的倒角测量装置，包括：A chamfer measuring device based on electromagnetic principle, comprising:
使得回转体零件在一个固定位沿其自身轴线转动的定位与驱动机构；A positioning and driving mechanism that allows a rotating part to rotate along its own axis in a fixed position;
设置在回转体零件倒角相应上方的电磁传感器，用于测量电磁传感器与回转体零件倒角之间的距离，将所述距离信息转化为相应电信号，并向信号处理装置发送；An electromagnetic sensor disposed above the chamfer of the rotating part is used to measure the distance between the electromagnetic sensor and the chamfer of the rotating part, convert the distance information into a corresponding electrical signal, and send it to the signal processing device;
用于固定所述电磁传感器的支架；A bracket for fixing the electromagnetic sensor;
用于为电磁传感器提供激励的磁场激励装置；A magnetic field excitation device for providing excitation to the electromagnetic sensor;
用于接收电磁传感器发出电信号并进行处理的信号处理装置。A signal processing device used to receive and process electrical signals from electromagnetic sensors.
进一步地，所述定位与驱动机构包括双滚筒和用于驱动双滚筒中主动滚筒旋转的驱动装置；双滚筒包括两个平行设置的滚筒；两个滚筒相隔一个距离安装在平台上。Furthermore, the positioning and driving mechanism includes a double roller and a driving device for driving the active roller in the double roller to rotate; the double roller includes two rollers arranged in parallel; the two rollers are installed on the platform at a distance.
更进一步地，支架立于双滚筒一端外侧，且对准两个滚筒中间；Furthermore, the bracket is placed outside one end of the double roller and is aligned with the middle of the two rollers;
安装于支架上的电磁传感器位于双滚筒中间上方。The electromagnetic sensor installed on the bracket is located above the middle of the double rollers.
更进一步地，双滚筒中，其中一个或两个滚筒作为主动滚筒，驱动装置用于带动主动滚筒旋转。Furthermore, among the double rollers, one or both rollers serve as active rollers, and the driving device is used to drive the active rollers to rotate.
进一步地，所述支架能够调节电磁传感器的高度。Furthermore, the bracket is capable of adjusting the height of the electromagnetic sensor.
进一步地，所述电磁传感器采用涡流传感器，涡流传感器包括激励线圈、接收差分线圈、接收检测线圈；接收差分线圈、激励线圈和接收检测线圈沿待测零件轴线方向排列；激励线圈位于接收差分线圈和接收检测线圈中间，接收检测线圈位于零件倒角的正上方，接收差分线圈位于激励线圈的另一侧，且与零件周面相对；接收差分线圈和接收检测线圈进行差分连接后，再连接信号处理装置；激励线圈连接磁场激励装置。Furthermore, the electromagnetic sensor adopts an eddy current sensor, which includes an excitation coil, a receiving differential coil, and a receiving detection coil; the receiving differential coil, the excitation coil, and the receiving detection coil are arranged along the axial direction of the part to be measured; the excitation coil is located between the receiving differential coil and the receiving detection coil, the receiving detection coil is located directly above the chamfer of the part, and the receiving differential coil is located on the other side of the excitation coil and opposite to the circumferential surface of the part; after the receiving differential coil and the receiving detection coil are differentially connected, they are connected to the signal processing device; the excitation coil is connected to the magnetic field excitation device.
更进一步地，待测零件旋转时，涡流传感器对待测零件的倒角进行全周扫查，磁场激励装置驱动激励线圈产生交变磁场，待测零件在交变磁场中倒角附近产生局部的涡电流；接收检测线圈在倒角深的部位感应到距离远，在倒角浅的部位感应到距离近，而接收差分线圈因对应零件周面而并没有感应到距离变化；接收差分线圈和接收检测线圈的差分信号输出到信号处理装置进行信号的处理和判断。Furthermore, when the part to be tested rotates, the eddy current sensor performs a full-circle scan of the chamfer of the part to be tested, and the magnetic field excitation device drives the excitation coil to generate an alternating magnetic field. The part to be tested generates a local eddy current near the chamfer in the alternating magnetic field; the receiving detection coil senses a long distance at a deep chamfer and a short distance at a shallow chamfer, while the receiving differential coil does not sense the distance change because it corresponds to the circumference of the part; the differential signal of the receiving differential coil and the receiving detection coil is output to the signal processing device for signal processing and judgment.
一种基于电磁原理的倒角测量方法，包括：A chamfer measurement method based on electromagnetic principle, comprising:
将电磁传感器放置于回转体零件倒角的上方，驱动回转体零件沿自身轴线旋转，当回转体零件的倒角不均匀时，电磁传感器与回转体零件倒角之间的距离就会产生变化，电磁传感器将与回转体零件倒角之间距离变化的信息转化为电信号，所述电信号与电磁传感器感应到的磁场的变化量成正比，最后将电信号传输至信号处理装置进行处理、判断。Place the electromagnetic sensor above the chamfer of the rotating part and drive the rotating part to rotate along its own axis. When the chamfer of the rotating part is uneven, the distance between the electromagnetic sensor and the chamfer of the rotating part will change. The electromagnetic sensor converts the information of the distance change between the chamfer of the rotating part into an electrical signal. The electrical signal is proportional to the change in the magnetic field sensed by the electromagnetic sensor. Finally, the electrical signal is transmitted to the signal processing device for processing and judgment.
进一步地，所述电磁传感器采用涡流传感器，涡流传感器包括激励线圈、接收差分线圈、接收检测线圈；接收差分线圈、激励线圈和接收检测线圈沿待测零件轴线方向排列；激励线圈位于接收差分线圈和接收检测线圈中间，接收检测线圈位于零件倒角的正上方，接收差分线圈位于激励线圈的另一侧，且与零件周面相对；接收差分线圈和接收检测线圈进行差分连接后，再连接信号处理装置；激励线圈连接磁场激励装置；Furthermore, the electromagnetic sensor adopts an eddy current sensor, which includes an excitation coil, a receiving differential coil, and a receiving detection coil; the receiving differential coil, the excitation coil, and the receiving detection coil are arranged along the axis direction of the part to be measured; the excitation coil is located between the receiving differential coil and the receiving detection coil, the receiving detection coil is located directly above the chamfer of the part, and the receiving differential coil is located on the other side of the excitation coil and opposite to the peripheral surface of the part; the receiving differential coil and the receiving detection coil are differentially connected and then connected to the signal processing device; the excitation coil is connected to the magnetic field excitation device;
待测零件旋转时，涡流传感器对待测零件的倒角进行全周扫查，磁场激励装置驱动激励线圈产生交变磁场，待测零件在交变磁场中倒角附近产生局部的涡电流；接收检测线圈在倒角深的部位感应到距离远，在倒角浅的部位感应到距离近，而接收差分线圈因对应零件周面而并没有感应到距离变化；接收差分线圈和接收检测线圈的差分信号输出到信号处理装置进行信号的处理和判断。When the part to be tested rotates, the eddy current sensor performs a full-circle scan of the chamfer of the part to be tested, and the magnetic field excitation device drives the excitation coil to generate an alternating magnetic field. The part to be tested generates a local eddy current near the chamfer in the alternating magnetic field; the receiving detection coil senses a long distance at a deep chamfer and a short distance at a shallow chamfer, while the receiving differential coil does not sense the distance change because it corresponds to the circumference of the part; the differential signal of the receiving differential coil and the receiving detection coil is output to the signal processing device for signal processing and judgment.
本发明的优点在于：The advantages of the present invention are:
1）电磁测距的原理检测倒角的尺寸，实现了非接触检测，可以进行自动化检测，避免了人工检测中的人为因素干扰。1) The principle of electromagnetic distance measurement is used to detect the size of the chamfer, which realizes non-contact detection and can be automatically detected, avoiding the interference of human factors in manual detection.
2）接收线圈差分输出的结构应用到倒角测量装置中，接收线圈信号差分输出可以降低检测环境中共模噪声，提高检测精度。2) The structure of the receiving coil differential output is applied to the chamfer measurement device. The receiving coil signal differential output can reduce the common mode noise in the detection environment and improve the detection accuracy.
3）支架可以实现仪器适配不同规格的零件的倒角检测。3) The bracket can enable the instrument to adapt to chamfer detection of parts of different specifications.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明的结构主视图。Fig. 1 is a structural front view of the present invention.
图2为本发明的结构侧视图。FIG. 2 is a structural side view of the present invention.
图3为本发明的电磁传感器的一种实施例原理图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an electromagnetic sensor of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific drawings and embodiments.
实施例一；Embodiment 1;
如图1所示，一种基于电磁原理的倒角测量装置，包括：平台4、用于定位待检测零件1的双滚筒2、用于驱动双滚筒2旋转的电机3、用于检测零件倒角的涡流传感器5、用于安装涡流传感器5，并且可以升级调节的支架6；As shown in FIG1 , a chamfer measuring device based on the electromagnetic principle includes: a platform 4, a double roller 2 for positioning a part 1 to be detected, a motor 3 for driving the double roller 2 to rotate, an eddy current sensor 5 for detecting the chamfer of the part, and a bracket 6 for mounting the eddy current sensor 5 and capable of being upgraded and adjusted;
本实施例中，待测零件1为一两边倒角的棒状零件，待测零件1放置在双辊筒2上进行定位；双滚筒2包括两个平行设置的滚筒2-1、2-2；两个滚筒2-1、2-2相隔一个距离安装在平台4上；支架6也安装在平台4上，立于双滚筒一端外侧，且对准两个滚筒2-1、2-2中间；支架6包括立架6-2、横臂6-1、锁紧螺钉6-3，横臂6-1通过锁紧螺钉6-3固定于立架6-2，并伸至双滚筒的中间上方；涡流传感器5设置在横臂6-1上；松开支架6上的锁紧螺钉6-3，调节横臂6-1的高度，使涡流传感器5的底部高于待测零件1的顶端0.05～2mm，拧紧锁紧螺钉6-3；涡流传感器5高度可调节，满足了对不同尺寸的回转体零件检测的需求；In this embodiment, the part 1 to be tested is a rod-shaped part with chamfered edges, and the part 1 to be tested is placed on the double roller 2 for positioning; the double roller 2 includes two rollers 2-1 and 2-2 arranged in parallel; the two rollers 2-1 and 2-2 are installed on the platform 4 at a distance; the bracket 6 is also installed on the platform 4, standing on the outside of one end of the double roller and aligned with the middle of the two rollers 2-1 and 2-2; the bracket 6 includes a stand 6-2, a cross arm 6-1, and a locking screw 6-3, and the cross arm 6-1 is fixed to the stand 6-2 by the locking screw 6-3 and extends to the middle and upper part of the double roller; the eddy current sensor 5 is arranged on the cross arm 6-1; loosen the locking screw 6-3 on the bracket 6, adjust the height of the cross arm 6-1, so that the bottom of the eddy current sensor 5 is 0.05 to 2 mm higher than the top of the part 1 to be tested, and tighten the locking screw 6-3; the height of the eddy current sensor 5 is adjustable, which meets the needs of detecting rotating parts of different sizes;
双滚筒中，其中一个或两个滚筒作为主动滚筒；当主动滚筒仅一个时，电机3的转轴可直接连接该主动滚筒的转轴；当主动滚筒为两个时，电机3可通过两个独立的传动机构分别带动两个主动滚筒，传动机构包括齿轮组传动机构、或者链条链轮传动机构等；In the double rollers, one or both rollers are used as active rollers; when there is only one active roller, the rotating shaft of the motor 3 can be directly connected to the rotating shaft of the active roller; when there are two active rollers, the motor 3 can drive the two active rollers respectively through two independent transmission mechanisms, and the transmission mechanism includes a gear set transmission mechanism, or a chain sprocket transmission mechanism, etc.;
如图3所示，涡流传感器5包括激励线圈5-1、接收差分线圈5-2、接收检测线圈5-3；接收差分线圈5-2、激励线圈5-1和接收检测线圈5-3沿待测零件轴线方向排列；激励线圈5-1位于接收差分线圈5-2和接收检测线圈5-3中间，接收检测线圈5-3位于零件倒角的正上方，接收差分线圈5-2位于激励线圈5-1的另一侧，且与零件周面相对；接收差分线圈5-2和接收检测线圈5-3进行差分连接后，再连接信号处理装置；激励线圈5-1连接磁场激励装置；As shown in FIG3 , the eddy current sensor 5 includes an excitation coil 5-1, a receiving differential coil 5-2, and a receiving detection coil 5-3; the receiving differential coil 5-2, the excitation coil 5-1, and the receiving detection coil 5-3 are arranged along the axis direction of the part to be measured; the excitation coil 5-1 is located between the receiving differential coil 5-2 and the receiving detection coil 5-3, the receiving detection coil 5-3 is located just above the chamfer of the part, and the receiving differential coil 5-2 is located on the other side of the excitation coil 5-1 and opposite to the peripheral surface of the part; the receiving differential coil 5-2 and the receiving detection coil 5-3 are differentially connected and then connected to the signal processing device; the excitation coil 5-1 is connected to the magnetic field excitation device;
当电机3通电时，电机旋转带动双辊筒2旋转，双辊筒2旋转驱动待测零件1旋转；涡流传感器5对待测零件1的倒角进行全周扫查，磁场激励装置驱动激励线圈5-1产生交变磁场，待测零件1在交变磁场中倒角附近产生局部的涡电流；接收检测线圈5-3在倒角深的部位感应到距离远，在倒角浅的部位感应到距离近，而接收差分线圈5-2因对应零件周面而并没有感应到距离变化；接收差分线圈5-2和接收检测线圈5-3的差分信号输出到信号处理装置进行信号的处理和判断。When the motor 3 is energized, the motor rotation drives the double roller 2 to rotate, and the rotation of the double roller 2 drives the part to be tested 1 to rotate; the eddy current sensor 5 performs a full-circle scan of the chamfer of the part to be tested 1, and the magnetic field excitation device drives the excitation coil 5-1 to generate an alternating magnetic field. The part to be tested 1 generates a local eddy current near the chamfer in the alternating magnetic field; the receiving detection coil 5-3 senses a long distance at a deep chamfer and a short distance at a shallow chamfer, while the receiving differential coil 5-2 does not sense the distance change due to its corresponding part circumference; the differential signal of the receiving differential coil 5-2 and the receiving detection coil 5-3 is output to the signal processing device for signal processing and judgment.
实施例二；本实施例与实施例一基本相同，区别仅在于本实施例中的定位机构从双辊筒改为三爪卡盘，用三爪卡盘夹持回转体零件，驱动机构驱动三爪卡盘旋转，零件也随之旋转。Embodiment 2: This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, the only difference being that the positioning mechanism in this embodiment is changed from a double roller to a three-jaw chuck, the three-jaw chuck is used to clamp the rotating part, the driving mechanism drives the three-jaw chuck to rotate, and the part also rotates accordingly.
实施例三；本实施例与实施例一基本相同，区别仅在于本实施例中的电磁传感器从涡流传感器改为磁通测量式位移传感器，也能实现倒角距离检测功能。Embodiment 3: This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the electromagnetic sensor in this embodiment is changed from an eddy current sensor to a magnetic flux measurement displacement sensor, and the chamfer distance detection function can also be realized.
最后应说明的是，以上具体实施方式仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照实例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it should be noted that the above specific implementation methods are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
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