CN110259424B - Method and device for extracting oil shale in situ - Google Patents
Method and device for extracting oil shale in situ Download PDFInfo
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- CN110259424B CN110259424B CN201910644545.9A CN201910644545A CN110259424B CN 110259424 B CN110259424 B CN 110259424B CN 201910644545 A CN201910644545 A CN 201910644545A CN 110259424 B CN110259424 B CN 110259424B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/241—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection combined with solution mining of non-hydrocarbon minerals, e.g. solvent pyrolysis of oil shale
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/243—Combustion in situ
- E21B43/247—Combustion in situ in association with fracturing processes or crevice forming processes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for exploiting oil shale in situ. The device includes: the device comprises combustion reaction equipment, a pulse nozzle, preheating equipment, a coiled tubing inner pipe, a coiled tubing outer pipe, a production sleeve, water supply equipment, fuel supply equipment, oxygen supply equipment and a pump set; wherein the oxygen supply equipment is communicated with the outer pipe of the coiled tubing; the water supply equipment and the fuel supply equipment are communicated with the inner pipe of the continuous oil pipe; the bottom of the combustion reaction equipment is provided with a pulse nozzle; the coiled tubing inner pipe, the coiled tubing outer pipe and the production casing are communicated with the combustion reaction equipment. The invention also provides a method for in-situ extracting the oil shale by adopting the device. The method and the device for extracting the oil shale in situ have the advantages of low extraction cost and high extraction efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mining method and a mining device, in particular to a method and a device for extracting oil shale in situ, and belongs to the technical field of oil and gas mining.
Background
Currently, global economy is constantly developing, and the demand for energy is also increasing day by day, and along with the development going on, conventional oil gas reserves are constantly declining, and the exploitation degree of difficulty is constantly increasing, therefore, we need to look for the substitute of conventional oil gas energy promptly. Oil shale (oil shale, which is a mineral resource that is abundant in reserves but is hardly utilized due to deposition environment and is decomposed from mud generated by lower organisms such as aquatic plants, algae, and the like) is an unconventional oil and gas resource, is considered as an important supplement and replacement energy of traditional energy, and gradually draws wide attention at home and abroad. The reserves of the oil shale in China are abundant, and the ascertained reserves of the oil shale are about 476 hundred million tons, which is equivalent to half of the conventional petroleum resources. And the reserves are distributed more intensively and are mainly distributed in areas such as Jilin province. However, the pyrolysis conversion and recovery techniques of oil shale are major factors affecting the development and utilization of oil shale. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the related mining technologies and development status of oil shale.
At present, the exploitation and utilization modes of oil shale mainly comprise surface dry distillation oil refining and underground in-situ mining. The ground dry distillation method is to dig out oil shale ore, transport the oil shale ore to a specific dry distillation furnace, heat the oil shale ore to 500-600 ℃, and dry-distill 'artificial petroleum'. The oil shale ground dry distillation industry has a long history in China, but the ground dry distillation method not only needs a large amount of water resources, but also has great pollution to the environment, and is difficult to develop on a large scale. In order to promote large-scale green development and utilization of the oil shale, the international large oil companies strengthen the research on underground in-situ destructive distillation and exploitation of the oil shale and form various in-situ exploitation technologies of the oil shale. In situ mining of oil shale no longer extracts shale ore, but rather a mining method in which organic matter (kerogen) is thermally cracked into "oil" and "combustible gas" by heating the oil shale in situ underground, and then the cracked oil and gas products are mined onto the formation. In-situ mining is becoming the most promising technology for oil shale mining because of its advantages of small surface excavation, low waste discharge, and low pollution.
At present, oil shale in-situ mining technologies at home and abroad are divided into two categories according to the heating principle: in-situ combustion heating mining and in-situ physical heating mining. The combustion heating mining technology firstly excavates one fifth of oil shale layer bottom plate and carries out fracturing or blasting on the oil shale above the bottom plate, then hot air and combustible gas are introduced into a target rock layer together, and combustion is carried out to heat the target rock layer. However, the ground water is also contaminated due to the destruction of the target floor during the excavation of the ground. In addition, the combustion process is not easy to control, and most organic matters of the oil shale are easily consumed. Therefore, current in situ mining is more inclined to extract oil shale by means of in situ physical heating. In-situ physical heating mining techniques can be divided into three categories: conduction heating techniques, radiant heating techniques, and fluid convection heating techniques. Further, israel AST proposes a technique of pyrolysis by a local chemical reaction.
The conduction heating technology is mainly characterized in that a freezing wall is used for freezing a target rock block before construction, so that pollution is prevented. During construction, a working well is drilled to the target rock stratum, an electric heater is placed in the working well, and then the target rock stratum is heated. When the target stratum is heated to 600-700K, the organic matter in the oil shale begins to be converted, and then the oil and gas products are produced to the ground surface by using the traditional oil and gas production mode. The advantages of electric conduction heating are reduced environmental pollution, flexible heating mode and easy control. The disadvantages are low energy utilization rate and low heating speed.
The radiation heating technology integrates two technical characteristics of radio frequency heating, supercritical fluid extraction and the like. In the implementation process, a well is drilled to a target rock stratum, an RF sensor is placed in the well, the sensor is turned on to heat the stratum, organic matters in the oil shale are promoted to be converted, and then supercritical carbon dioxide is injected into the target interval to extract oil gas products to be produced to the ground. The advantages of radiation heating are high heating speed and high energy utilization efficiency. The disadvantage is that the rf heating technique is difficult to implement downhole and the use of sensors in wells is problematic. And the cost of the radio frequency heating technical means is higher.
The working principle of the convection heating technology is that a well is drilled to a target rock stratum, then a seam network is formed in a multi-well fracturing mode to penetrate through the whole heating area, and finally high-temperature hydrocarbon gas (or high-temperature carbon dioxide) is injected into a heat injection well to heat the target rock stratum and produce generated oil and gas products from the production well. In addition, Jilin university has also proposed a technique for exploiting oil shale in situ using near-to-near water vapor. The technology utilizes the good extraction and dissolution capacity of the adjacent boundary water, and has less pollution to the environment. The advantages of the convection heat transfer technology are high heating speed and full utilization of the dry distillation gas. The disadvantage is that the seam net is formed before mining. And compared with the adjacent boundary water, the supercritical water has stronger extraction capacity in the oil shale, and the polarity of the converted product is higher.
In addition, means for exploiting oil shale by local chemical reaction have been proposed. The principle of the technology is to drill a well in a target layer section, and then inject high-temperature air into a target stratum to promote local chemical reaction of organic matters in the oil shale. As the reaction proceeds, a reaction unit is continuously expanded in the target formation. In the early stage of the reaction, kerogen is mainly cracked and converted into asphalt, and as the reaction time is increased, the asphalt is further converted into shale oil and part of hydrocarbon gas. However, the reaction area of the method is small, repeated injection is needed, the regulation and control of the injection amount are complex, and if the injection amount is not proper, a large amount of oil gas products are consumed.
From the above, no economical and effective method for realizing large-scale industrial in-situ exploitation of oil shale exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a method and a device for exploiting oil shale in situ by using supercritical pulse thermal jet, and the method and the device can realize efficient and economic in-situ exploitation of the oil shale.
In order to achieve the above technical object, the present invention provides an apparatus for in-situ extraction of oil shale, comprising: the device comprises combustion reaction equipment, a pulse nozzle, preheating equipment, a coiled tubing inner pipe, a coiled tubing outer pipe, a production sleeve, water supply equipment, fuel supply equipment, oxygen supply equipment and a pump set;
wherein the oxygen supply equipment is communicated with the outer pipe of the coiled tubing;
the water supply equipment and the fuel supply equipment are both communicated with the inner pipe of the continuous oil pipe;
the combustion reaction equipment is arranged in the oil shale reservoir, and the bottom of the combustion reaction equipment is provided with a pulse nozzle;
the coiled tubing inner pipe, the coiled tubing outer pipe and the production casing are communicated with the combustion reaction equipment.
The device for extracting oil shale in situ comprises a raw material supply part. The raw material supply unit includes a water supply device, a fuel supply device, an oxygen supply device, a preheating device, and a pump unit. Wherein, the raw materials providing part is used for providing raw materials for the combustion reaction.
Specifically, the water supply apparatus is used to supply water for combustion reactions during mining to form a supercritical water jet while compensating for reservoir pressure depletion.
In particular, the fueling apparatus is used to fuel the combustion reaction to achieve ignition.
In particular, the oxygen supply apparatus is used to provide the oxygen-containing gas required in the combustion process.
Specifically, the preheating device is used for preheating the fuel-water mixture and the oxygen-containing gas before the combustion reaction device is not ignited.
In one embodiment of the invention, the water supply device is in communication with the coiled tubing inner tube; the fuel supply equipment is communicated with the inner pipe of the continuous oil pipe; the oxygen supply equipment is communicated with the outer pipe of the coiled tubing.
In one embodiment of the invention, the preheating devices are a fuel water preheater and a gas preheater, respectively; one end of the fuel water preheater is respectively communicated with the water supply equipment and the fuel supply equipment, and the other end of the fuel water preheater is communicated with the inner pipe of the coiled tubing. One end of the gas preheater is communicated with the oxygen supply equipment, and the other end of the gas preheater is communicated with the outer pipe of the continuous oil pipe.
The device for in-situ extraction of oil shale comprises combustion reaction equipment. Wherein the combustion reaction equipment is used for providing environment for the combustion reaction.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a combustion reaction apparatus includes a combustion reaction chamber, a fuel water inlet located at a top of the combustion reaction chamber, an oxygen-containing gas inlet, and a nozzle line located at a bottom of the combustion reaction chamber.
In one embodiment of the invention, the pulse nozzle is connected at the outlet of the nozzle line.
In particular, the pulsed nozzle is used to change the generated supercritical jet into a pulsed supercritical jet.
The device for extracting the oil shale in situ comprises a coiled tubing inner pipe, a coiled tubing outer pipe and a production casing pipe. Wherein the production casing is used to transport the decomposed oil and gas products to the surface (preferably, to a product separation and extraction facility). The coiled tubing inner tube is used for conveying fuel and water to the combustion reaction equipment. The coiled tubing outer tube is used for conveying oxygen-containing gas to the combustion reaction equipment.
In one embodiment of the invention, the coiled tubing inner tube is disposed within the coiled tubing outer tube and has an annulus, and the coiled tubing outer tube is disposed within the production casing and has an annulus.
In one embodiment of the invention, the production casing communicates with the surface and a target location of the oil shale reservoir within the well.
Wherein, the coiled tubing outer tube, coiled tubing inner tube all are provided with the heat preservation equipment. For example, the heat preservation equipment can adopt heat preservation cotton.
In one embodiment of the invention, the production casing is secured within the wellbore by a cement sheath.
In one embodiment of the invention, the beginning end of the coiled tubing inner tube is communicated with the fuel water preheater, and the end of the coiled tubing inner tube is communicated with the combustion reaction cavity of the combustion reaction equipment.
In one embodiment of the invention, the beginning of the outer tube of the coiled tubing is communicated with the gas preheater, and the end of the outer tube of the coiled tubing is communicated with the combustion reaction cavity of the combustion reaction equipment.
The device for extracting the oil shale in situ comprises oil-gas storage and storage separation equipment and product separation and extraction equipment. Wherein, the product separation and extraction equipment is used for separating and extracting the produced oil-gas-water mixture. The oil-gas storage separation equipment is used for collecting the oil-gas products extracted by separation.
In one embodiment of the invention, the product separation and extraction facility is disposed between the hydrocarbon reservoir separation facility and the production casing.
In one embodiment of the invention, one interface of the product separation and extraction equipment is in communication with the production casing and the other interface of the product separation and extraction equipment is in communication with the hydrocarbon reservoir separation equipment.
The device for extracting the oil shale in situ comprises a pump set. Wherein the pump group is respectively communicated with the product separation and extraction equipment, the water supply equipment, the fuel supply equipment and the oxygen supply equipment.
In the device for in-situ extraction of oil shale, the combustion reaction cavity, the nozzle pipeline and the pulse nozzle of the combustion reaction equipment, the preheater, the coiled tubing inner pipe, the coiled tubing outer pipe, the production casing, the water supply equipment, the fuel supply equipment, the oxygen supply equipment, the product separation and extraction equipment, the oil and gas storage and separation equipment and the pump set can all be conventional parts and equipment in the field. Wherein the diameters of the coiled tubing inner pipe, the coiled tubing outer pipe and the production casing can be adjusted by the skilled person according to the actual needs.
The device for in-situ exploitation of oil shale, which is disclosed by the invention, is particularly used for in-situ exploitation of oil shale, and comprises the following steps:
drilling a multilateral well to different layers of an oil shale reservoir by using pulse thermal jet;
placing the combustion reaction equipment at the target position of each branch well; the combustion reaction equipment comprises a combustion reaction cavity, a nozzle pipeline positioned at the bottom of the combustion reaction cavity and a pulse nozzle connected with the outlet of the nozzle pipeline;
running a production casing from the surface to a target location for each lateral;
sleeving a coiled tubing inner pipe in a coiled tubing outer pipe, performing heat preservation treatment on the coiled tubing outer pipe and the coiled tubing inner pipe, sleeving the coiled tubing outer pipe in a production casing, respectively connecting the starting ends of the coiled tubing outer pipe and the coiled tubing inner pipe with a fuel water preheater and a gas preheater, and connecting the tail end of the coiled tubing outer pipe and the tail end of the coiled tubing inner pipe with combustion reaction equipment;
and a fuel water preheater, a gas preheater, a product separation and extraction device, an oil-gas storage separation device, a water supply device, a fuel supply device, an oxygen supply device and a pump set are arranged on the ground. Connecting one interface of the product separation and extraction equipment with oil-gas reservoir separation equipment; connecting the other interface of the product separation and extraction equipment with the production casing; connecting a water supply device with a fuel water preheater, connecting the fuel supply device with the fuel water preheater, and connecting the fuel water preheater with the inner pipe of the coiled tubing; connecting oxygen supply equipment with a gas preheater, and connecting the gas preheater with the outer pipe of the coiled tubing; connecting the pump set with product separation and extraction equipment, water supply equipment, fuel supply equipment and oxygen supply equipment;
starting a pump set, pumping a fuel-water mixture into a fuel-water preheater through fuel supply equipment, pumping the preheated supercritical fuel-water mixture into a combustion reaction cavity of combustion reaction equipment from an inner pipe of a continuous oil pipe to enable the internal pressure of the combustion reaction cavity to reach more than 22.1MPa, pumping oxygen-containing gas into a gas preheater through oxygen supply equipment, pumping the preheated supercritical oxygen-containing gas into the combustion reaction cavity of the combustion reaction equipment from an outer pipe of the continuous oil pipe, and enabling the supercritical fuel-water mixture to generate a spontaneous combustion phenomenon after contacting with the oxygen-containing gas; when fuel begins to burn, the preheating temperature of the fuel-water mixture and the oxygen-containing gas is slowly reduced, combustion products pass through a nozzle pipeline at the bottom of a combustion reaction cavity and are ejected from an outlet of a pulse nozzle to form high-speed pulse jet flow, the impact force of heat generated by combustion and jet flow acts on an oil shale reservoir layer to enable the oil shale to be subjected to thermal cracking, oil and gas products generated by cracking return to a product separation and extraction device along a production casing, and the oil and gas products enter an oil and gas reservoir separation device after being extracted and separated;
wherein, the temperature of the preheater is controlled, when the flame in the combustion reaction cavity appears, the set temperature of the preheater can be reduced to more than 375 +/-10 ℃ (the extinguishing temperature of hydrothermal flame), the stability of the flame is kept, the continuous pumping of the fuel-water mixture and the oxygen-containing gas is ensured by controlling the pump group, the pressure in the combustion reaction cavity is controlled to more than 25 +/-2 MPa by the pump group (the pressure in the combustion reaction cavity can be controlled by adjusting the injection amount of one or more of the water supply equipment, the fuel supply equipment and the oxygen supply equipment by the pump group), and simultaneously the fuel-water mixture is pumped into the combustion reaction cavity from the inner tube of the continuous oil tube by the water supply equipment and the fuel supply equipment, because the pressure in the combustion reaction cavity is higher than 25MPa, the temperature in the combustion reaction cavity is higher than 374.3 ℃, the water entering the combustion reaction cavity from the inner tube of the continuous oil tube is in a supercritical state (, When the temperature is higher than 374.3 ℃, water is in a supercritical state, can be well dissolved with alcohol fuel, and can support combustion), and is fully mixed and combusted with oxygen-containing gas entering a combustion reaction cavity from an outer pipe of the continuous oil pipe, so that a high-strength continuous supercritical water oxidation reaction is generated, the flow ratio of the oxygen-containing gas and a fuel-water mixture injected into the combustion reaction cavity is adjusted, the flame temperature in the combustion reaction cavity is controlled, and the stability of flame is ensured; the oxidation products are sprayed out from the outlet of the pulse nozzle at the bottom of the combustion reaction cavity to form high-speed pulse jet flow. The impact force of heat generated by combustion and pulse jet flow acts on an oil shale reservoir to crack the oil shale, the sprayed supercritical water also carries a certain amount of oxygen, the oxygen can generate oxidation reaction with the oil shale to release a large amount of heat to promote further thermal cracking of the oil shale, meanwhile, the supercritical water also has strong dissolving and extracting properties, cracked oil-gas products can be extracted, the extracted oil-gas products upwards return to product separation and extraction equipment along a production casing pipe, and the separated and extracted oil-gas products enter oil-gas storage equipment to be collected, so that in-situ exploitation of the oil shale is realized;
pumping supercritical water into the well continuously until the bottom pressure reaches 25MPa +/-2 MPa, closing the well for 2 days, opening the well again, and exploiting the cracked oil gas products to the ground;
and after the exploitation is finished, closing the pump set, closing the preheater, stopping pumping the fuel-water mixture and the oxygen-containing gas, and lifting the production casing, the coiled tubing outer pipe, the coiled tubing inner pipe and the combustion reaction device to finish the in-situ exploitation of the oil shale.
The invention also provides a method for in-situ extraction of oil shale, which is completed by the device for in-situ extraction of oil shale, and comprises the following steps:
injecting water preheated to a set temperature (375 +/-10 ℃) into the combustion reaction equipment until the pressure of the combustion reaction equipment reaches over 22.1MPa (preferably 25 MPa);
heating the fuel-water mixture to a supercritical state; wherein, the content of the fuel in the fuel-water mixture is 10 percent to 50 percent (preferably 30 percent);
heating an oxygen-containing gas to a supercritical state;
regulating the pressure of the combustion reaction equipment to be 25MPa +/-2 MPa, injecting a fuel-water mixture in a supercritical state into the combustion reaction equipment, and injecting oxygen-containing gas in the supercritical state into the combustion reaction equipment to perform combustion reaction;
when spontaneous combustion reaction occurs in the combustion reaction equipment, reducing the preheating temperature of the fuel-water mixture and the oxygen-containing gas to 375 +/-10 ℃;
injecting the combustion products into the well in a pulse jet mode until the bottom hole pressure reaches 25MPa +/-2 MPa, stopping injecting, closing the well, opening the well after the oil shale is subjected to full thermal cracking in the stratum, and mining the generated oil-gas mixture to the ground for separation, thereby realizing the in-situ mining of the oil shale.
The method for in-situ extracting oil shale injects preheated fuel-water mixture and oxygen-containing gas, so that the fuel-water mixture in a supercritical state and the oxygen-containing gas generate oxidation and spontaneous combustion when fully contacted in a reaction cavity, water-heat flame is generated, a large amount of heat is generated, and combustion products mainly comprise water and carbon dioxide. The pulse thermal jet with strong impact capacity is formed at the outlet pulse nozzle, the pulse jet acts on the surface of the rock to form cracks and pores, and the supercritical water of the combustion product carries a large amount of heat to enter an oil shale reservoir from the cracks and pores, so that the decomposition of organic matters in the oil shale is promoted to be converted into corresponding oil gas products.
Because the thermodynamic fluid is sprayed in a pulse jet mode, the high-speed jet flow and the air in the oscillation cavity can generate very strong momentum exchange, an unstable shear layer is generated in the fluid flow direction after the momentum exchange is generated, the thickness of the shear layer can be continuously thickened, and the liquid near the shear layer is sucked to form a large-scale vortex in the jet flow process. When the vortex moves downwards, the vortex collides with the lower collision wall to form pressure disturbance, and when the frequency of the pressure disturbance is the same as the natural frequency in the oscillation cavity, periodic resonance excitation is generated, so that the pulse jet is generated. The pulse thermal jet can form a large number of irregular cracks on the surface of the rock, and the intermittent jet is beneficial to removing bottom rock debris, so that a new outcrop is generated in the oil shale reservoir; when the bottom hole pressure exceeds 22.1MPa by continuously jetting thermal jet, the jet fluid is supercritical water, the supercritical water has higher diffusion coefficient and heat and mass transfer capacity, can effectively enter micro cracks of the oil shale to promote the thermal cracking of the oil shale, the jetted supercritical water has stronger oxidizability, and oxidizing substances in the supercritical water can generate chemical reaction with the oil shale, so that a large amount of heat is generated, the generated heat is continuously transmitted to a distance, and the further thermal cracking of the oil shale is promoted; meanwhile, the supercritical water has better solubility and can extract oil gas products.
In the method for in situ extraction of oil shale according to the invention, a well located in an oil shale reservoir is drilled by supercritical water pulsed thermal jets. Among them, reference is made to the drilling method disclosed in CN103790516A (application No. 201410075665.9, title of the invention: a new method for drilling by thermal jet for efficient rock breaking).
In the method for in situ extraction of oil shale according to the present invention, the oxygen-containing gas may theoretically be both air and pure oxygen, in order to control the extent of the reaction and to prevent excessive oxidation of the oil shale. In one embodiment of the invention, air is used as the oxygen-containing gas.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the fuel used comprises one or a combination of two or more of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, methane, and the like.
In the method for in-situ extraction of oil shale, the fuel-water mixture preheated to a certain temperature meets oxygen to generate a hydrothermal flame by self-ignition, and then the liquid in the reaction chamber can be heated to a supercritical state again by means of the hydrothermal flame.
In the method for in-situ production of the oil shale, the combustion reaction equipment is enabled to generate the hydrothermal flame, and after the hydrothermal flame is generated, the preheating temperature of the fuel-water mixture can be reduced. Because the combustion reaction can release a large amount of heat, the reaction can proceed spontaneously without further heat supply after the fuel begins to combust.
In the method for extracting the oil shale in situ, oil gas products generated by thermal cracking are returned to the ground through the production casing pipe, and the diameter of the production casing pipe is larger than that of the outer pipe of the continuous oil pipe and is sleeved outside the outer pipe of the continuous oil pipe.
In the method for in-situ extraction of the oil shale, fuel water mixture and oxygen-containing gas are continuously injected into the combustion reaction equipment, and the pressure in a combustion reaction cavity is controlled to be more than 25MPa +/-2 MPa (the pressure can be controlled by a ground pump set).
In the method for in-situ exploitation of oil shale, the product of the combustion reaction is subjected to pulse thermal jet through the pulse nozzle, the pulse thermal jet can better utilize jet energy, and cracks can be quickly formed on the surface of the oil shale, so that jet fluid can enter the cracks, and the cracking efficiency of the oil shale is improved.
In one embodiment of the invention, the oxygen content of supercritical water injected into an oil shale reservoir is adjusted to control the rate of oxidative cracking of the oil shale.
Wherein the ratio of the amount of the oxygen-containing gas actually injected to the amount of the theoretically required oxygen-containing gas in the reaction is defined as a reaction coefficient, and the reaction coefficient of the oxygen-containing gas can be adjusted to 0.5 to 6.
Preferably, the reaction coefficient of the oxygen-containing gas is adjusted to 0.5 to 6, so that more sufficient combustion of the fuel and rapid oxidative cracking of the oil shale can be further realized.
The method for extracting the oil shale in situ further comprises the step of separating and extracting oil and gas products produced to the ground.
In one embodiment of the invention, the extracted light hydrocarbons and alcohols are mixed with water to form a fuel-water mixture, which can be recycled. The oil gas product which returns to the ground is actually an oil gas water mixture, and shale oil, asphalt substances and hydrocarbon gas can be obtained after extraction and separation. For example, the separated water can be mixed with fuel again and injected into the generator, so that the waste of water is reduced.
In the method for extracting the oil shale in situ, preheated fuel water and oxygen-containing gas are injected into an oil shale reservoir from the ground, so that a fuel water mixture in a supercritical state meets the oxygen-containing gas to realize ignition and spontaneous combustion, and hot fluid after combustion is sprayed out through a pulse nozzle to promote the thermal cracking of the oil shale. And continuously injecting the oil shale into the well until the bottom hole pressure reaches 25Mpa, stopping the pump, closing the well for 2 days, and then re-opening the well, and returning the decomposed oil gas products to the ground, thereby realizing the in-situ exploitation of the oil shale.
In the method for extracting the oil shale in situ, a large amount of heat generated by combustion promotes the thermal cracking of the oil shale, so that sufficient heat is provided for the thermal cracking of the oil shale; the impact action of the pulse jet can accelerate the heat transfer speed, and the crushing action of the pulse jet can enable the oil shale to form cracks and pores, so that the thermal fluid can better exchange heat with the oil shale; meanwhile, when the bottom hole pressure is higher than 22.1MPa, the jet flow is changed into supercritical water jet flow, oxidizing substances carried in the supercritical water can perform oxidation reaction with the oil shale to generate a large amount of heat, so that the oil shale is promoted to be further thermally cracked, and meanwhile, the supercritical water also has better dissolving and extracting performances and can extract oil gas products generated by cracking; furthermore, the combined action of combustion heat, jet flow and supercritical water extraction can greatly improve the exploitation efficiency of the oil shale.
The method and the device for extracting the oil shale in situ have the following advantages:
(1) the exploitation cost is low, the fuel water is heated by the spontaneous combustion, the cost for generating supercritical water is reduced, and the exploited alcohols and hydrocarbons can be injected as fuel in a circulating way; meanwhile, the method and the device can realize drilling work and exploitation work of the oil shale at the same time by one-time drilling down, do not need fracturing operation, greatly improve the exploitation efficiency of the oil shale and reduce the exploitation cost.
(2) The exploitation efficiency is high, because the generated supercritical water pulse thermal jet can form a large amount of irregular cracks on the surface of the oil shale, the supercritical water has good heat and mass transfer capacity and can enter the oil shale to promote the thermal cracking of the oil shale, and meanwhile, oxides carried in the supercritical water can generate oxidation reaction with the oil shale to generate a large amount of heat to promote the further cracking of the oil shale; meanwhile, the supercritical water has better dissolving and extracting performances, and oil gas products generated by cracking can be extracted; and the oil shale can generate pyrolysis reaction within 3-5h in the supercritical water environment, and compared with other pyrolysis modes, the efficiency of thermal action is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an in-situ oil shale production apparatus in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a combustion reaction device and a self-excited pulse nozzle in the in-situ oil shale extraction device in embodiment 1 of the invention.
Description of the main figures:
1. the system comprises a water supply device 2, a fuel supply device 3, a fuel water preheater 4, an oxygen supply device 5, a gas preheater 6, a product extraction and separation device 7, an oil-gas storage and separation device 8, a ground surface 9, a cement sheath 10, a production casing 11, a coiled tubing inner pipe 12, a coiled tubing outer pipe 13, a top plate bedrock 14, an oil shale reservoir 15, a bottom plate bedrock 16, a combustion reaction device 17, an oil-gas product 18, a pulse jet 19, a combustion reaction cavity 20, a nozzle pipeline 21, a self-excited pulse nozzle 22, a self-excited pulse nozzle oscillation cavity 23, a self-excited pulse nozzle collision wall 24, a self-excited pulse nozzle outlet 24, a fuel gas storage and separation
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in order to clearly understand the technical features, objects, and advantages of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the practical scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment first provides an in-situ oil shale extraction device, which has a structure as shown in fig. 1, and the device specifically includes:
the device comprises a combustion reaction device 16, a self-excitation pulse nozzle 21, a preheating device, a coiled tubing inner tube 11, a coiled tubing outer tube 12, a production casing 10, a water supply device 1, a fuel supply device 2, an oxygen supply device 4 and a pump set.
The apparatus for recovering oil shale in situ in one embodiment includes a raw material supply. The raw material supply unit includes a water supply device 1, a fuel supply device 2, an oxygen supply device 4, a preheating device, and a pump unit. Wherein, the raw materials providing part is used for providing raw materials for the combustion reaction.
Specifically, the water supply apparatus 1 is used to supply water to the combustion reaction apparatus 16 during the mining process to form a supercritical water jet while compensating for reservoir pressure depletion. The fuel supply device 2 is used to supply fuel to the combustion reaction device 16 for ignition. The oxygen supply device 4 is used to supply the oxygen-containing gas required in the combustion process.
Specifically, the water supply device 1 is communicated with the coiled tubing inner pipe 11; the fuel supply device 2 is communicated with the coiled tubing inner pipe 11; the oxygen supply device 4 is communicated with the coiled tubing outer tube 12.
More specifically, the preheating device is used to preheat the fuel-water mixture and oxygen before the combustion reaction device is not fired. The preheating devices are a fuel water preheater 3 and a gas preheater 5 respectively; one end of the fuel water preheater 3 is respectively communicated with the water supply device 1 and the fuel supply device 2, and the other end of the fuel water preheater 3 is communicated with the coiled tubing inner tube 11; one end of the gas preheater 5 is communicated with the oxygen supply device 4, and the other end of the gas preheater 5 is communicated with the coiled tubing outer tube 12.
The apparatus for in situ recovery of oil shale in one embodiment includes a combustion reaction device 16. Wherein the combustion reaction equipment 16 is used to provide an environment for the combustion reaction. The structure is shown in fig. 2.
The combustion reaction device 16 includes a combustion reaction chamber 19, fuel and water inlets at the top of the combustion reaction chamber 19, an oxygen inlet, and a nozzle line 20 at the bottom of the combustion reaction chamber 19. Wherein a self-excited pulse nozzle 21 is connected at the outlet 24 of the nozzle line 20. The pulse nozzle is used for changing the generated supercritical water jet into a pulse supercritical water jet.
The apparatus for in situ production of oil shale in one embodiment comprises a coiled tubing inner pipe 11, a coiled tubing outer pipe 12 and a production casing 10. Wherein production casing 10 is used to transport the decomposed oil and gas products to surface 8 (preferably to a product separation and extraction facility). The coiled tubing inner pipe 11 is used for conveying fuel and water to the combustion reaction equipment. The coiled tubing outer tube 12 is used to deliver oxygen-containing gas to the combustion reaction equipment.
The coiled tubing inner tube 11 is disposed within the coiled tubing outer tube 12, and the coiled tubing outer tube 12 is disposed within the production casing 10. The production casing communicates with the surface and a target location of the oil shale reservoir within the well. The production casing 10 is fixed in the wellbore by means of a cement sheath 9.
Wherein, the coiled tubing outer pipe 12 and the coiled tubing inner pipe 11 are both provided with heat preservation equipment. For example, the heat preservation equipment can adopt heat preservation cotton.
The beginning end of the coiled tubing inner tube 11 is communicated with the fuel water preheater 3, and the end of the coiled tubing inner tube 11 is communicated with the combustion reaction cavity 19 of the combustion reaction device 16. The beginning of the coiled tubing outer tube 12 is communicated with the gas preheater 5, and the end of the coiled tubing outer tube 12 is communicated with the combustion reaction chamber 19 of the combustion reaction device 16.
The device for in-situ extracting the oil shale in one embodiment comprises oil and gas reservoir separation equipment 7 and product separation and extraction equipment 6. Wherein, the product separation and extraction equipment 6 is used for separating and extracting the produced oil-gas-water mixture. The oil-gas storage separation device 7 is used for collecting the oil-gas products extracted by separation.
The product separation and extraction equipment 6 is arranged between the oil and gas reservoir separation equipment 7 and the production casing 10. One interface of the product separation and extraction device 6 is communicated with the production casing 10, and the other interface of the product separation and extraction device 6 is communicated with the oil and gas reservoir separation device 7.
In one embodiment, the apparatus for in situ extraction of oil shale comprises a pump unit. Wherein the pump group is respectively communicated with the product separation and extraction equipment, the water supply equipment, the fuel supply equipment and the oxygen supply equipment.
The embodiment also provides a method for in-situ extraction of oil shale by using supercritical water pulse thermal jet, which is implemented by using the device shown in fig. 1 and comprises the following steps:
drilling to different horizons of an oil shale reservoir 14 by using pulsed thermal jet, wherein the oil shale reservoir 14 is provided with a top plate bedrock 13 above and a bottom plate bedrock 15 below, and the drilling method disclosed in CN103790516A can be referred to by the pulsed thermal jet;
placing the combustion reaction equipment 16 at a target location within the well; the combustion reaction device 16 includes a combustion reaction chamber 19, a nozzle line 20 located at the bottom of the combustion reaction chamber 19. A self-excited pulse nozzle 21 is installed at the outlet of the nozzle duct 20 of the combustion reaction device 16;
running the production casing 10 from the surface into a target location in the well; and the production casing is fixed by means of a cement sheath 9;
the coiled tubing inner tube 11 is sleeved inside the coiled tubing outer tube 12, the coiled tubing inner tube 11 and the coiled tubing outer tube 12 are subjected to heat preservation treatment, the coiled tubing outer tube 12 is put into the production casing 10, the starting end of the coiled tubing outer tube 12 is connected with the gas preheater 5 placed on the ground, and the coiled tubing inner tube 11 is connected with the fuel water preheater 3 placed on the ground; the tail ends of the coiled tubing outer pipe 12 and the coiled tubing inner pipe 11 are connected with a combustion reaction device 16;
the device is provided with a pump set, a fuel water preheater 3, a gas preheater 5, a water supply device 1, a fuel supply device 2, an oxygen supply device 4, a product separation and extraction device 6 and an oil-gas storage separation device 7 on the ground; one end of the fuel water preheater 3 is connected with the water supply device 1 and the fuel supply device 2, and the other end is connected with the coiled tubing inner tube 11; one end of the gas preheater 5 is connected with the oxygen supply equipment 4, and the other end is connected with the coiled tubing outer tube 12. One end of the product separation and extraction equipment 6 is connected with the production casing 10, and the other end is connected with the oil-gas storage and separation equipment 7; the pump group is connected with the water supply device, the fuel supply device 2, the oxygen supply device 4 and the product separation and extraction device 6.
First, a well is drilled to a target location (oil shale reservoir 14) in the well using a pulsed thermal jet method, and the combustion reaction equipment 16 is lowered to the target location in the well.
Starting a pump group, pumping a fuel-water mixture into a fuel-water preheater 3 through a fuel supply device 2, pumping the preheated fuel-water mixture into a combustion reaction cavity 19 of a combustion reaction device 16 from a coiled tubing inner tube 11 to enable the internal pressure of the combustion reaction device 16 to reach 25MPa, pumping an oxygen-containing gas into a gas preheater 5 through an oxygen supply device 4, pumping the preheated gas into the combustion reaction cavity 19 of the combustion reaction device 16 from a coiled tubing outer tube 12, and generating a spontaneous combustion phenomenon after the fuel-water mixture preheated to about 550 ℃ contacts with oxygen to generate water-heated flame; after generating hydrothermal flame, slowly reducing the preheating temperature of fuel-water mixture and oxygen, enabling combustion products to pass through a nozzle pipeline 20 at the bottom of a combustion reaction cavity 19 and be ejected out from a self-excitation pulse nozzle outlet 24 to form a high-speed pulse jet flow 18, enabling the high-speed pulse jet flow 18 to impact an oil shale reservoir 14, forming cracks on the surface of the oil shale, even enabling the oil shale to be broken, and enabling supercritical water of the combustion products to carry a large amount of heat to enter the generated cracks to perform sufficient heat exchange with the oil shale so as to promote thermal cracking of the oil shale; the cracked oil gas products 17 return to the product separation and extraction equipment 6 along the production casing 10 to be extracted and separated, and then enter the oil gas storage and separation equipment 7, so that the oil shale is mined in situ.
The temperature of the fuel water preheater 3 and the gas preheater 5 is controlled, the set temperature of the fuel water preheater 3 and the gas preheater 5 can be reduced to more than 375 ℃ after flame appears in the combustion reaction device 16, the stability of the flame is kept, and the continuous pumping of fuel water mixture and oxygen is ensured by controlling a pump set. The pressure in the combustion reaction cavity 19 is controlled to be more than 25MPa through a pump set (the pressure in the combustion reaction cavity 19 can be controlled by adjusting the injection amount of the water supply equipment 1 through the pump set), meanwhile, fuel water mixture is pumped into the combustion reaction cavity 19 of the combustion reaction equipment 16 from the continuous oil pipe inner pipe 11 through the water supply equipment 1 and the fuel supply equipment 2, as the pressure in the combustion reaction cavity 19 is higher than 25MPa and the temperature in the combustion reaction cavity 19 is higher than 374.3 ℃, the water entering the combustion reaction cavity 19 from the continuous oil pipe inner pipe 11 is changed into a supercritical state (when the pressure is higher than 22.1MPa and the temperature is higher than 374.3 ℃, the water is in the supercritical state, has better heat and mass transfer capacities, can realize good mutual dissolution with alcohol fuels, and can accelerate the rapid proceeding of oxidation reaction), and can generate spontaneous combustion phenomenon when being mixed and contacted with oxygen-containing gas entering the combustion reaction cavity 19 from the continuous oil pipe outer pipe 12, generating continuous hydrothermal flame, and adjusting the flow ratio of the oxygen-containing gas and the fuel-water mixture injected into the combustion reaction chamber 19 to control the flame temperature in the combustion reaction chamber 19 and ensure the stability of the flame. The oxidation products enter a self-excitation pulse nozzle 21 from a nozzle pipeline 20 at the bottom of a combustion reaction cavity 19, a thermal jet collides with a collision wall 23 of a self-excitation pulse nozzle oscillation cavity below the self-excitation pulse nozzle 21 to generate pressure disturbance, and when the frequency of the pressure disturbance is the same as the natural frequency of the self-excitation pulse nozzle oscillation cavity 22, periodic resonance excitation is generated, so that pulse jet is generated. The generated pulse thermal jet is ejected from the self-excitation pulse nozzle outlet 24 and acts on the oil shale reservoir 14 to form cracks and pores, and the combustion product supercritical water carries a large amount of heat from the pores and the cracks to enter the oil shale reservoir 14, so that the thermal cracking of the oil shale is promoted. Meanwhile, the sprayed supercritical water also carries a certain amount of oxygen, and the oxygen and the oil shale generate oxidation reaction to release a large amount of heat so as to promote further thermal cracking of the oil shale. Meanwhile, the supercritical water also has strong dissolving and extracting properties, cracked oil gas products can be extracted, and the extracted oil gas products 17 return upwards along the production casing 10 to enter the product separation and extraction equipment 6 for separation and extraction and then enter the oil gas storage and extraction equipment 7 for collection;
continuously pumping fuel water mixture and oxygen into the combustion reaction cavity 19 to form supercritical water pulse thermal jet 18 until the bottom pressure reaches 25MPa, closing the well for a period of time, opening the well again, and exploiting the cracked oil gas product 17 to the ground;
after production is complete, the pump package is shut off, the pre-heater is turned off, the pumping of the fuel water mixture and oxygen-containing gas is stopped, and the production casing 10, the coiled tubing outer tube 12, the coiled tubing inner tube 11, and the combustion reaction unit 16 are lifted.
In the embodiment, fuel water is heated by spontaneous combustion, so that the cost for generating supercritical water is reduced, the exploited alcohols and hydrocarbons can be used as fuel for circulating injection, and the method can realize the effects of drilling and exploitation by one-time drilling, thereby avoiding fracturing operation and reducing exploitation cost. Moreover, because the generated supercritical water pulse thermal jet can form a large number of irregular cracks on the surface of the oil shale, the supercritical water has better heat and mass transfer capacity and can enter the oil shale to promote the thermal cracking of the oil shale, and meanwhile, oxides carried in the supercritical water can generate oxidation reaction with the oil shale to generate a large amount of heat to promote the further cracking of the oil shale; meanwhile, the supercritical water has better dissolving and extracting performances, and oil gas products generated by cracking can be extracted. And the oil shale can generate pyrolysis reaction in the environment of supercritical water for 3-5h, and compared with other pyrolysis modes, the efficiency of thermal action is improved. The extraction of combustion heat, pulse jet and supercritical water and the combined action on the protective performance of the effective hydrocarbon-producing capability improve the extraction capability of the oil shale by 30 to 50 percent compared with the conventional ground dry distillation method, and can greatly improve the exploitation efficiency.
The embodiment utilizes the heat that supercritical water carried to carry out the schizolysis to oil shale, and the economic high-efficient exploitation of oil shale has been realized to the extraction capacity of supplementary pulse jet effort and supercritical water simultaneously. The method and the device for extracting the oil shale in situ have the advantages of low extraction cost and high extraction efficiency.
Claims (13)
1. A method of in situ extraction of oil shale, the method comprising the steps of:
injecting water preheated to a set temperature into the combustion reaction equipment until the pressure of the combustion reaction equipment reaches over 22.1 MPa;
heating the fuel-water mixture to 550 ℃ +10 ℃ to obtain a fuel-water mixture in a supercritical state; wherein, the content of the fuel in the fuel-water mixture is 10 to 50 percent;
heating the oxygen-containing gas to 400 +/-30 ℃ to obtain the oxygen-containing gas in a supercritical state;
regulating the pressure of the combustion reaction equipment to be 25MPa +/-2 MPa, injecting a fuel-water mixture in a supercritical state into the combustion reaction equipment, and injecting oxygen-containing gas in the supercritical state into the combustion reaction equipment to generate spontaneous combustion reaction;
when spontaneous combustion reaction occurs in the combustion reaction equipment, reducing the preheating temperature of the fuel-water mixture and the oxygen-containing gas to 375 +/-10 ℃;
injecting the combustion products into the well in a pulse jet mode until the bottom hole pressure reaches 25MPa +/-2 MPa, stopping injecting, closing the well, opening the well after the oil shale is subjected to full thermal cracking in the stratum, and mining the generated oil-gas mixture to the ground for separation, thereby realizing in-situ mining of the oil shale;
the method for in-situ extraction of oil shale is completed by an in-situ extraction oil shale device, and the device comprises the following steps: the device comprises combustion reaction equipment, a pulse nozzle, preheating equipment, a coiled tubing inner pipe, a coiled tubing outer pipe, a production sleeve, water supply equipment, fuel supply equipment, oxygen supply equipment and a pump set;
the oxygen supply equipment is communicated with the outer pipe of the coiled tubing;
the water supply equipment and the fuel supply equipment are both communicated with the coiled tubing inner pipe;
the combustion reaction equipment is arranged in the oil shale reservoir, and the bottom of the combustion reaction equipment is provided with a pulse nozzle;
the coiled tubing inner pipe, the coiled tubing outer pipe and the production casing are communicated with the combustion reaction equipment.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the well is shut in for 2 days when the bottom hole pressure reaches 25 MPa.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the set temperature water is 375 ℃ ± 10 ℃.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the mass flow ratio of the supercritical oxygen-containing gas to the supercritical fuel-water mixture is 2: 1-2: 3.
5. the method of claim 1, wherein the combustion reaction equipment comprises a combustion reaction chamber, a fuel water inlet at the top of the combustion reaction chamber, an oxygen inlet, and a nozzle tube at the bottom of the combustion reaction chamber.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the pulse nozzle is connected at an outlet of a nozzle line.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the preheating devices are a fuel water preheater and a gas preheater, respectively; one end of the fuel water preheater is respectively communicated with the water supply equipment and the fuel supply equipment, and the other end of the fuel water preheater is communicated with the inner pipe of the continuous oil pipe; one end of the gas preheater is communicated with the oxygen supply equipment, and the other end of the gas preheater is communicated with the outer pipe of the continuous oil pipe.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the coiled tubing inner tube is disposed within the coiled tubing outer tube and has an annulus, and the coiled tubing outer tube is disposed within the production casing and has an annulus.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the coiled tubing outer pipe and the coiled tubing inner pipe are each provided with insulation.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the beginning of the coiled tubing inner tube is in communication with a fuel water preheater and the end of the coiled tubing inner tube is in communication with a combustion reaction chamber of the combustion reaction device.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein a beginning of the coiled tubing outer tube is in communication with a gas preheater and a terminal end of the coiled tubing outer tube is in communication with a combustion reaction chamber of the combustion reaction device.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the apparatus further comprises hydrocarbon reservoir separation equipment, product separation extraction equipment; wherein the product separation and extraction equipment is disposed between the hydrocarbon reservoir separation equipment and the production casing.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein one interface of the production separation and extraction facility is in communication with the production casing and another interface of the production separation and extraction facility is in communication with a hydrocarbon reservoir separation facility.
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| CN105840162A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-08-10 | 赵金岷 | Underground combustion convection heating method |
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| NZ567657A (en) * | 2005-10-24 | 2012-04-27 | Shell Int Research | Methods of hydrotreating a liquid stream to remove clogging compounds |
| CN102606128B (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2015-03-18 | 新奥气化采煤有限公司 | Oil shale mining method and device |
| CN103790516B (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2016-11-09 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of boring method utilizing heating power jet-flow efficient to break rock |
| CN105134152B (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2018-02-09 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of method and system using heating power jet exploitation of gas hydrate |
| CA3022786A1 (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-05-30 | Cenovus Energy Inc. | Process and system for processing a produced stream from a solvent hydrocarbon recovery operation |
| CN109707356B (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2023-04-25 | 吉林大学 | Underground ignition heating device and method for oil shale in-situ exploitation |
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| CN102425399A (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2012-04-25 | 新奥气化采煤有限公司 | Method for exploiting oil shale |
| CN105840162A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-08-10 | 赵金岷 | Underground combustion convection heating method |
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