CN110256502A - 一种基于钌(ⅱ)芳烃体系的配合物、制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种基于钌(ⅱ)芳烃体系的配合物、制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于钌(Ⅱ)芳烃体系的配合物、制备方法及其应用,分子式为[(cym)Ru(bpy)(py‑R)]2+[2PF6]2‑;其中cym=对甲基异丙基苯,bpy=2,2'‑联吡啶,py=吡啶;制备方法如下:按照化学计量比称取[(p‑cymene)RuCl2]2和2,2'‑联吡啶,置于反应器中充分混合;在反应器中加入甲醇溶液,回流反应4‑4.5h;自然冷却至室温,加入2倍当量的AgNO3水溶液;室温搅拌过夜,过滤得滤液;向滤液中加入5倍当量的4‑硝基吡啶,回流5‑5.5h;旋干反应液得黄色固体粗产物;将粗产物提纯;提纯后的固体用去离子水溶解,加入饱和六氟磷酸铵水溶液得到沉淀,过滤,沉淀用去离子水洗涤,再用乙醚洗涤,真空干燥即得;本发明的配合物可以应用于光活化化疗药物中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化合物合成技术领域,具体涉及一种基于钌(Ⅱ)芳烃体系的配合物、制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
光活化化疗(Photoactivated chemotherapy,简称PACT)是一种极具发展潜力的肿瘤治疗新方法。此法通过设计合成光活化的前药分子,借助光照在时间和空间上的可操控性,通过选择性的光照靶组织,使得前药分子仅在靶组织中显示出药物活性,从而提高药物对肿瘤组织的选择性。与普通的化学疗法相比,它具有选择性高、专一性好和毒副作用低的优点。作为一类性质独特的分子,钌配合物具有重要的发展前景。研究发现,具有钢琴凳式结构的钌(Ⅱ)芳烃配合物[(η6-arene)Ru(L)(X)]n+(其中L为双齿螯合配体,X为较易解离的单齿配体)往往能够在黑暗条件下保持稳定,在光照条件下发生单齿配体的解离,进而与DNA碱基发生配位作用。PACT药物的活性与该类配合物在光照条件下的配体解离效率密切相关,因此研究配合物光致配体解离效率与结构间的依赖关系,一直是光活化抗肿瘤药物研发中需要解决的重要问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种基于钌(Ⅱ)芳烃体系的配合物,其具有光致配体解离能力,并显示出对DNA的光损伤能力;
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种基于钌(Ⅱ)芳烃体系的配合物的制备方法,其操作简单,收率较高;
本发明的目的之三在于提供一种基于钌(Ⅱ)芳烃体系的配合物在光活化化疗药物方面的应用,在一定程度上可以为研发高效低毒的光活化药物提供重要的理论和实验依据。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:
技术方案一:
一种基于钌(Ⅱ)芳烃体系的配合物,其特征在于,分子式为[(cym)Ru(bpy)(py-R)]2+[2PF6]2-;其中cym=对甲基异丙基苯,结构式如下:bpy=2,2'-联吡啶,结构式如下:py=吡啶;结构式如下:
基于钌(Ⅱ)芳烃体系的配合物的结构式如式(Ⅰ)所示:
其中,R为NO2。
技术方案二:
一种基于钌(Ⅱ)芳烃体系的配合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按照化学计量比称取[(p-cymene)RuCl2]2和2,2'-联吡啶,置于反应器中充分混合;
(2)在反应器中加入甲醇溶液,回流反应4-4.5h;自然冷却至室温,加入2倍当量的AgNO3水溶液;室温搅拌过夜,过滤得滤液;优选,回流反应时间为4h;
(3)向滤液中加入5倍当量的4-硝基吡啶,回流5-5.5h;旋干反应液得黄色固体粗产物;优选回流反应时间为5h;
(4)将粗产物提纯;
(5)提纯后的固体用去离子水溶解,加入饱和六氟磷酸铵水溶液得到沉淀,过滤,沉淀用去离子水洗涤,再用乙醚洗涤,真空干燥即得;
所述步骤(2)-(3)均在惰性气体保护下进行。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述步骤(4)具体过程如下:用硅胶柱分离提纯,洗脱液为乙腈CH3CN、水H2O、饱和硝酸钾KNO3水溶液的混合物,体积比为CH3CN:H2O:KNO3=50:5:1。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述惰性气体为氮气。
本发明的合成路线如下:
技术方案三:
基于钌(Ⅱ)芳烃体系的配合物在光活化化疗药物方面的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下技术效果:
本发明的配合物在黑暗条件下具有很好的化学稳定性,在光照条件下能够发生单齿配体的解离。DNA电泳实验表明,配合物在黑暗条件下不能对DNA产生损伤,但在光照条件具有损伤DNA的能力。本发明所述的配合物在光照条件下的细胞毒性比黑暗条件下明显增强,具体表现为黑暗和光照条件下,对人体肺癌细胞A549的IC50值分别为59.6(±5.2)μM和25.0(±1.9)μM,二者相差2.4倍。本发明的配合物可应用于光活化化疗药物中。
附图说明
附图1为配合物1(a)、2(b)3(c)(20μM)在PBS中黑暗放置24小时吸收光谱;
附图2为配合物1(a)、2(b)3(c)光照吸收光谱变化;其中([1]=[2]=[3]=20μM);
附图3为配合物1(a)、2(b)、3(c)光照30min前后1H NMR谱(溶剂CD3COCD3:D2O=1:2);
附图4为钌芳烃配合物光致配体解离机制示意图;
附图5为配合物1-3(100μM)光损伤pUC19DNA的凝胶电泳结果图;
条带1和8为DNA对照,条带2:DNA+1(黑暗),条带3:DNA+1(光照),条带4:DNA+2(黑暗),条带5:DNA+2(光照),条带6:DNA+3(黑暗),条带7:DNA+3(光照)。
具体实施方式
应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限值和下限值之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值以及任何其他陈述值或在所述的范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限值和下限值可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
另外,为了更好地说明本发明的内容,在下文的具体实施例中给出了众多的具体细节。本领域技术人员应当理解,没有某些具体细节,本发明同样可以实施。在另外一些实施例中,对于本领域技术人员熟知的方法、手段未作详细描述,以便于凸显本发明的主旨。关于本发明的技术指标的测定方法均为本领域内使用标准方法,具体可参见最新的国家标准,除非另外说明。
实施例1:配合物1-3的合成方法
本实施例中所用试剂如下:
[(p-cymene)RuCl2]2、2,2'-联吡啶、4-二甲氨基吡啶、4-硝基吡啶、吡啶、硝酸银、六氟磷酸铵购自Alfa Aesar;实验用试剂未说明的为分析纯。
配合物1的合成方法如下:
准确称取122.5mg的[(p-cymene)RuCl2]2和62.5mg的bpy,置于反应容器中混合,向其中加入10mL的甲醇溶液溶解混合物,回流反应4h,待反应液冷却后加入10mL的AgNO3(136mg)水溶液。常温搅拌过夜,过滤得滤液。向滤液中加入5倍当量的py-N(CH3)2,回流反应5h。上述反应全部在N2保护下进行。旋干反应液得黄色固体粗产物。用硅胶柱分离提纯,洗脱液为乙腈CH3CN、水H2O、饱和硝酸钾KNO3水溶液的混合物,体积比为CH3CN:H2O:KNO3=50:5:1;所得固体用少量水溶解,加入饱和六氟磷酸铵水溶液得到黄色沉淀。过滤,沉淀先用少量水洗涤,再用少量乙醚洗涤,真空干燥,得配合物1,称量后计算,产率43%。
其中配合物1的结构式如下:
配合物2的合成方法如下:
准确称取122.5mg的[(p-cymene)RuCl2]2和62.5mg的bpy,置于反应容器中混合,向其中加入10mL的甲醇溶液溶解混合物,回流反应4h,待反应液冷却后加入10mL的AgNO3(136mg)水溶液。常温搅拌过夜,过滤得滤液。向滤液中加入5倍当量的吡啶,回流反应5h.上述反应全部在N2保护下进行。旋干反应液得黄色固体粗产物。用硅胶柱分离提纯,洗脱液为乙腈CH3CN、水H2O、饱和硝酸钾KNO3水溶液的混合物,体积比为CH3CN:H2O:KNO3=50:5:1;所得固体用少量水溶解,加入饱和六氟磷酸铵水溶液得到黄色沉淀。过滤,沉淀先用少量水洗涤,再用少量乙醚洗涤,真空干燥,得配合物2,称量后计算,产率40%。
配合物2的结构式如下:
配合物3的合成方法如下:
准确称取122.5mg的[(p-cymene)RuCl2]2和62.5mg的bpy,置于反应容器中混合,向其中加入10mL的甲醇溶液溶解混合物,回流反应4h,待反应液冷却后加入10mL的AgNO3(136mg)水溶液。常温搅拌过夜,过滤得滤液。向滤液中加入5倍当量的4-硝基吡啶,回流反应5h.上述反应全部在N2保护下进行。旋干反应液得黄色固体粗产物。用硅胶柱分离提纯,洗脱液为乙腈CH3CN、水H2O、饱和硝酸钾KNO3水溶液的混合物,体积比为CH3CN:H2O:KNO3=50:5:1;所得固体用少量水溶解,加入饱和六氟磷酸铵水溶液得到黄色沉淀。过滤,沉淀先用少量水洗涤,再用少量乙醚洗涤,真空干燥,得配合物3,称量后计算,产率36%。
配合物3的结构式如下:
[(η6-p-cymene)Ru(bpy)(py-N(CH3)2)](PF6)2(1).产率43%。1H NMR(600MHz,in[D3]CD3CN):0.92(d,6H,J=6.6Hz),1.88(s,3H),2.46-2.51(m,1H),2.94(s,6H),5.91(d,2H,J=6.6Hz),6.27(d,2H,J=6.6Hz),6.43(d,2H,J=7.8Hz),7.58(d,2H,J=7.2Hz),7.87-7.90(m,2H),8.26-8.31(m,4H),9.57(d,2H,J=6.0Hz).ESI-MS:m/z=257.08295(M-2PF6)2+,659.13175(M-PF6)+.Anal.Calcd for C27H32F12N4P2Ru·H2O:C,39.47;H,4.17;N,6.82.Found:C,39.45;H,4.19;N,6.81.
[(η6-p-cymene)Ru(bpy)(py)](PF6)2(2).产率40%。1H NMR(600MHz,in[D3]CD3CN):0.90(d,6H,J=6.6Hz),1.79(s,3H),2.43-2.48(m,1H),5.96(d,2H,J=6.6Hz),6.30(d,2H,J=6.6Hz),7.39(t,2H,J=7.2Hz),7.89-7.92(m,3H),8.28(d,6H,J=3.6Hz),9.59(d,2H,J=6.0Hz).ESI-MS:m/z=235.56180(M-2PF6)2+,616.08766(M-PF6)+.Anal.Calcd for C25H27F12N3P2Ru·H2O:C,38.57;H,3.75;N,5.40.Found:C,38.56;H,3.75;N,5.41.
[(η6-p-cymene)Ru(bpy)(py-NO2)](PF6)2(3).产率36%。1H NMR(600MHz,in[D3]CD3CN):0.91(d,6H,J=6.6Hz),1.83(s,3H),2.44-2.49(m,1H),6.03(d,2H,J=6.6Hz),6.36(d,2H,J=6.6Hz),7.94-7.97(m,2H),8.04(d,2H,J=7.2Hz),8.31-8.32(m,4H),8.67(d,2H,J=7.2Hz),9.63(d,2H,J=5.4Hz).ESI-MS:m/z=258.05413(M-2PF6)2+,661.06828(M-PF6)+.Anal.Calcd for C25H26F12N4O2P2Ru·H2O:C,36.46;H,3.43;N,6.80.Found:C,36.43;H,3.45;N,6.79;
为了验证配合物1-3的性质,对配合物1-3进行检测。
检测所用试剂:Goldview I型核酸染色剂(Solarbio公司);6×DNA LoadingBuffer(Solarbio公司);pUC19DNA(TaKaRa公司);CCK8(Dojindo公司);实验用试剂未说明的为分析纯。
检测所用仪器:
太阳能模拟器(solar-500);紫外-可见分光光度计(岛津UV-2600);SolariX型傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱仪(Bruker公司);600MHz DD2型核磁共振波谱仪(Agilent公司);SC12型水平电泳槽(Cavoy公司);GelDoxTMXR+型成像仪(BIO-RAD公司)。
实施例2:紫外-可见吸光光谱测定
用PBS溶液(PH=7.4)配置浓度为20μM的待测配合物溶液。测定配合物1-3在光照(λ>400nm)不同时间下的紫外-可见吸收光谱曲线,比较吸收曲线随时间的变化。结果见图2。
黑暗实验同时进行,比较相同条件下,配合物1-3在黑暗条件下的紫外-可见吸收光谱曲线是否发生变化。结果见图1。
实施例3:1H NMR和高分辨质谱测定
测试光照前后配合物的1H NMR和高分辨ESI质谱,比较其是否发生变化。检测结果见图3。
实施例4:DNA凝胶电泳实验
用超螺旋pUC19质粒DNA研究配合物损伤DNA的能力。制作凝胶浓度为1%琼脂糖凝胶,并用Goldview I染色剂染色。配制含有30μL超螺旋pUC19DNA(25μg/mL)和配合物(100μM)的PBS(pH 7.4)混合溶液。用太阳能模拟器(λ>400nm)光照30min后,加入6μL 6×载样缓冲液,混匀。用移液枪取各样品6μL上样,进行琼脂糖电泳分离30min(Tris–acetic acid–EDTA缓冲,pH 8.0)。用BIO-RAD GelDoxTMXR+凝胶成像系统分析。
实施例5:细胞毒性实验
在含有10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基(Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium)中培养人体肺癌细胞A549。培养箱温度为37℃,CO2浓度为5%。将A549细胞按1×104每孔的浓度种在96孔板中。生长24h后,更换为含有不同药物浓度的培养基,培养4h后,用太阳能模拟器(120mW/cm2)光照20min,。继续培养20h后,加入CCK8,培养2h。黑暗对照实验同时进行。最后使用Thermo MK3酶标仪测量450nm处吸收,计算得到不同条件下细胞存活率。
根据实施例2-5的分析检测,得到以下结论:
2.1配合物的暗稳定性
配合物1-3在PBS缓冲溶液中黑暗放置24小时后,其紫外-可见吸收谱图几乎没有变化,说明三个配合物均具有良好的暗稳定性(图1)。
2.2光致配体解离
实验发现,在λ>400nm可见光照射下,配合物1和2的吸收光谱和1H NMR均未发生明显改变(见图2a、2b、3a、3b),说明配合物1和2具有较好的光稳定性。
而经可见光照射,配合物3的吸收光谱发生变化(图2c),并且出现2个等吸收点。这说明在光照条件下配合物3在PBS溶液中发生反应,生成了一种新的物质。该物质很可能是配合物3发生单齿配体解离后与水分子形成的加合物。通过比较光照前后的1H NMR和高分辨质谱,该猜测得到了验证。光照后,配合物3的1H NMR中出现了游离的单齿配体峰(图3c)。同时,配合物3的溶液(溶剂CD3COCD3:D2O=1:2)光照后的高分辨质谱中找到了[(η6-p-cymene)Ru(bpy)(OD)]+(m/z=410.09037)的分子离子峰。
2.3光致配体解离机制
通过以上实验结果我们发现,配合物1、2不能发生光致配体解离,只有配合物3能发生光致配体解离。通常认为钌芳烃配合物光致配体解离机制如图4所示,配合物受光激发,到达1MLCT(金属-配体激发单重态),1MLCT系间穿越到达3MLCT(金属-配体激发三重态),3MLCT热活化到达3MC(配位场激发三重态),从而发生配体解离。配合物发生光致配体解离的效率高低与3MLCT和3MC态能级间距相关。通常来说,二者能级间距越近,3MLCT越容易经热活化达到3MC,发生配体解离。配合物1-3的吸收谱图表明其MLCT能量基本相同,因此我们推测,由于配合物3单齿配体对位上的取代基为硝基,具有拉电子能力,降低了3MC态的能量,使3MLCT-3MC能距减小,配合物可以经3MLCT达到3MC,发生配体解离。对于配合物1,其单齿配体对位上的取代基为给电子基团,将使3MC态的能量升高,使3MLCT-3MC能距增大,因此和配合物2一样,难于发生配体的解离。
2.4配合物对DNA的光损伤作用
配合物1-3光损伤DNA的能力通过pUC19DNA的凝胶电泳实验来检测。图5给出了配合物1-3经λ>400nm的光照射30min后,损伤超螺旋pUC19DNA的电泳结果。实验表明,经光照后,只有配合物3使得DNA条带出现一定程度的迁移变慢,显色变弱现象(Lane 7)。没有观察到配合物1和2在光照条件下对DNA的损伤作用(Lane 3、5)。根据文献报道,配合物与DNA发生交联后,会改变DNA的三级结构、分子量以及带电量进而影响DNA的迁移速率,同时配合物与DNA的作用也会阻碍EB分子的插入产生显色变弱。黑暗对照实验同时进行,配合物在黑暗条件下不与DNA发生作用(Lane 2、4、6)。
2.5细胞毒性
考虑到配合物3具有光损伤DNA的能力,我们进一步研究了其黑暗和光照条件下的细胞毒性。配合物3经λ>400nm的光照射20min后,用CCK8检测细胞存活率。实验发现,配合物3具有明显的由光照导致的细胞毒性增强现象。黑暗和光照条件下,对A549细胞的IC50值分别为59.6(±5.2)μM和25.0(±1.9)μM,二者相差2.4倍,说明配合物3具有潜在的光活化抗肿瘤活性。
通过以上对配合物1-3的分析可知,当单齿配体吡啶对位为拉电子基团硝基时,配合物具有光致配体解离能力,并显示出对DNA的光损伤能力;而当配合物单齿配体对位取代基为H或给电子的二甲氨基时则不具有光致配体解离能力。原因可能是因为单齿配体吡啶对位上的取代基对配合物3MC态的能量的影响。通过以上各项性能检测,证实了配合物3可应用于光活化化疗药物中。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种基于钌(Ⅱ)芳烃体系的配合物,其特征在于,分子式为[(cym)Ru(bpy)(py-R)]2+[2PF6]2-;其中cym=对甲基异丙基苯,bpy=2,2'-联吡啶,py=吡啶;
其结构式如式(Ⅰ)所示:
其中,R为NO2。
2.一种权利要求1所述的基于钌(Ⅱ)芳烃体系的配合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)按照化学计量比称取[(p-cymene)RuCl2]2和2,2'-联吡啶,置于反应器中充分混合;
(2)在反应器中加入甲醇溶液,回流反应4-4.5h;自然冷却至室温,加入2倍当量的AgNO3水溶液;室温搅拌过夜,过滤得滤液;
(3)向滤液中加入5倍当量的4-硝基吡啶,回流5-5.5h;旋干反应液得黄色固体粗产物;
(4)将粗产物提纯;
(5)提纯后的固体用去离子水溶解,加入饱和六氟磷酸铵水溶液得到沉淀,过滤,沉淀用去离子水洗涤,再用乙醚洗涤,真空干燥即得;所述步骤(2)-(3)均在惰性气体保护下进行。
3.根据权利要求2所述的基于钌(Ⅱ)芳烃体系的配合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)具体过程如下:用硅胶柱分离提纯,洗脱液为乙腈CH3CN、水H2O、饱和硝酸钾KNO3水溶液的混合物,体积比为CH3CN:H2O:KNO3=50:5:1。
4.根据权利要求3所述的基于钌(Ⅱ)芳烃体系的配合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述惰性气体为氮气。
5.如权利要求1所述的基于钌(Ⅱ)芳烃体系的配合物在光活化化疗药物方面的应用。
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CN116178446A (zh) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-05-30 | 广西师范大学 | 氧化异阿朴菲生物碱的芳基类钢琴凳金属钌配合物及其合成方法和应用 |
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CN116178446A (zh) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-05-30 | 广西师范大学 | 氧化异阿朴菲生物碱的芳基类钢琴凳金属钌配合物及其合成方法和应用 |
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Application publication date: 20190920 |