CN1102558C - 糖厂滤泥制作粒状碳酸气肥的方法 - Google Patents
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000012204 lemonade/lime carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229960004424 carbon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D7/00—Fertilisers producing carbon dioxide
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
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- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明公开一种糖厂滤泥制作粒状碳酸气肥的方法,糖厂滤泥的主要化学成分是碳酸钙,以这种滤泥为主要原料,混以硫酸铵和硫磺等,加热至170℃进行无水造粒,制成一种颗粒状的能产生碳酸气即二氧化碳的肥料。这种粒状肥料,能在大棚栽培等覆盖层内于30~40天的期间里为作物提供足够的碳酸气和多种微量元素,使作物的产量和质量得到成倍提高。本发明利用糖厂废料滤泥生产肥料,变废为宝,即解决了环境污染问题,又提高了制糖企业的经济效益和社会效益。
Description
本发明属化工技术领域,具体涉及一种利用糖厂废料生产肥料的技术。
糖厂在制糖生产的清净工艺过程中,有大量的滤泥排出。每个制糖生产期都有数以为吨或更多的滤泥,或堆积如山,或排入江河湖泊,对环境造成一定危害,同时也是一种资源的浪费。糖厂滤泥的主要化学成分,有85%碳酸钙CaCO3,还有3.1%的二氧化硅SiO2,2.4%三氧化二铝Al2O3,0.5%三氧化二铁Fe2O3,1.6%的氧化镁MgO,0.1%的氧化钾K2O,0.2%的氧化钠Na2O,0.16%的三氧化硫SO3,还有5%左右的有机物及末测成分,用其生产制造水泥或进行再生利用都因投资大、成本高、经济效益差而难以推广应用。
近年来,随着“菜蓝子”工程的实施,全国各地的大棚种植、涵洞栽培或室内育苗等所谓覆盖栽培正在迅速发展。这种栽培虽然有效地解决了气温影响的难题,但由于与大气隔绝而造成的碳酸气即二氧化碳的不足,严重影响着蔬菜的产量和质量。为了解决这个问题,补充覆盖层内的碳酸气即二氧化碳的不足,采取的方法一般有:或用钢瓶直接放出,或使用干冰,或使碳酸盐同酸反应,或使烃类燃烧等方法来发生碳酸气以供给作物,使其能够茁壮生长。
然而这些在覆盖层内直接供给碳酸气的方法,虽然都有一定的效果,但必须每天定时供给,耗用较多的劳动力,且要占用固定时间,不仅成本较高,而且给生产和劳动力安排造成很大不便。
本发明的目的在于提供一种粒状碳酸气肥的制备方法,该肥有利于覆盖层内作物的生长,并且成本低,施用方便。
本发明的具体实施方法是:以制糖生产中的滤泥为主要原料,配以硫酸铵和硫磺,经粉碎、加热后无水造粒,制成颗粒状碳酸气肥,其重量比为:制糖滤泥50%,硫酸铵30%,硫磺20%。
本发明是以糖厂生产中的废弃物—滤泥为主要原料,配以一定量的硫酸铵,(硫酸铵是一种速效氮肥,易溶于水,水溶液呈酸性反应,主要利用其吸收水分溶解后同碳酸钙发生反应生成碳酸气,反应同时产生游离氨,也有肥料效果),再以硫磺为造粒粘合剂(硫磺在土壤中有协助碳酸钙发生碳酸气的作用),将三者的粉末按要求比例混合均匀后,进行无水造粒,生产出一种颗粒状的能产生碳酸气的肥料。这种肥料有利于覆盖层内作物的生长。
该粒状碳酸气肥的制备方法是:
(1)将糖厂的滤泥用回转式烘干机予以干燥至水分0.8%以下,用锤式粉碎机进行粉碎并经筛析,粒度达到100-150目;
(2)把硫酸铵进行粉碎,筛析,粒度60-100目;
(3)将硫磺进行粉碎并筛析,达到150-200目;
(4)按一定比例将三种原料的粉末用混合机进行充分混合均匀;
(5)将混合均匀的物料加入密闭式的加热器中加热至170℃,然后用挤出式造粒机进行无水造粒,制成8×20mm的圆柱状颗粒;
(6)把制得的颗粒在密闭干燥环境(防止吸湿)下用冷却器进行充分冷却并即时予以包装;
(7)经检验,确认滤泥中的碳酸钙和硫酸铵在造粒及冷却等生产、贮存过程中没有发生反应,即得合格成品。
这种用糖厂滤泥制造的颗粒状的碳酸气肥的主要特点是:
(1)以滤泥中的主要成分碳酸钙和硫酸铵在湿土壤中反应来发生碳酸气,即使硫酸铵耗尽,未反应的碳酸钙和残存的硫磺作用,仍然能够继续放出碳酸气,故本剂不仅碳酸气发生量大,而且供给期较长。
(2)施用时可于作物发芽后20~40日大量需要碳酸气的期间,能够徐徐放出碳酸气供给作物,效果持久显著。
(3)在发出碳酸气的同时产生的游离氨,具有和普通氮素肥料同样的效果;由于滤泥的特殊复杂的化学成分,还可供给作物其它必要的微量元素,能够发挥综合肥效。
(4)原料来源价廉易得,可变废为宝,即解决了环境污染问题,又提高了制糖企业的经济效益和社会效益。
糖厂滤泥制得的粒状碳酸气肥的产品质量,可以通过滤泥中的碳酸钙和硫酸铵的反应率来确认和评价。碳酸钙和硫酸铵的反应率系根据测定的硫酸铵的残存量按下式计算而得:
检测的方法,是将以上制得的粒状碳酸气肥放置在室温相对湿度90%的容器内,每隔一定时间用X光衍射法测定一次硫酸铵的残存量,然后再根据硫酸铵的残存量计算出碳酸钙和硫酸铵的反应率。正常情况下,3天后的反应率应在29%左右,而7天后在60%左右,10天后则在74%左右,这表明仍有26%的硫酸铵还可同碳酸钙继续反应,继续放出碳酸气。当硫酸铵消耗净尽,末反应的碳酸钙仍继续和残存的硫磺作用,继续放出碳酸气。因此,本剂在与湿润的土壤接触后,能够持续有效的放出碳酸气30~40天,故可以确认产品质量完全合格,可以提供使用。
Claims (1)
1、糖厂滤泥制作粒状碳酸气肥的方法,其特征在于原料重量比为:滤泥50%、硫酸铵30%、硫磺20%,具体制备方法是:
(1)将糖厂的滤泥用回转式烘干机予以干燥至水分0.8%下,用锤式粉碎机粉碎并经筛析,粒度达到100-150目;
(2)把硫酸铵进行粉碎、筛析,粒度60-100目;
(3)将硫磺进行粉碎并筛析,达到150-200目;
(4)将上述三种原料的粉末用混合机进行充分混合均匀;
(5)将混合均匀的物料加入密闭式的加热器中加热至170℃,然后用挤出式造粒机进行无水造粒,制成8×20mm的圆柱状颗粒;
(6)把制得的颗粒在密闭干燥环境下用冷却器进行充分冷却并即时予以包装;
(7)经检验,确认滤泥中的碳酸钙和硫酸铵在造粒及冷却生产、贮存过程中没有发生反应,即得合格成品粒状碳酸气肥。
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Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN1055351A (zh) * | 1991-03-31 | 1991-10-16 | 福建省化学工业科学技术研究所 | 利用甘蔗糖厂湿滤泥制造肥料的方法 |
CN1113221A (zh) * | 1995-04-03 | 1995-12-13 | 张友亮 | 二氧化碳发生剂 |
CN1136028A (zh) * | 1996-01-10 | 1996-11-20 | 石会来 | 粒状碳酸气肥及其生产方法 |
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CN1055351A (zh) * | 1991-03-31 | 1991-10-16 | 福建省化学工业科学技术研究所 | 利用甘蔗糖厂湿滤泥制造肥料的方法 |
CN1113221A (zh) * | 1995-04-03 | 1995-12-13 | 张友亮 | 二氧化碳发生剂 |
CN1136028A (zh) * | 1996-01-10 | 1996-11-20 | 石会来 | 粒状碳酸气肥及其生产方法 |
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