CN110252883B - Efficient aluminum alloy plate forming method - Google Patents

Efficient aluminum alloy plate forming method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110252883B
CN110252883B CN201910595680.9A CN201910595680A CN110252883B CN 110252883 B CN110252883 B CN 110252883B CN 201910595680 A CN201910595680 A CN 201910595680A CN 110252883 B CN110252883 B CN 110252883B
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aluminum alloy
aging
creep
temperature
autoclave
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CN110252883A (en
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湛利华
高远
童璨瑜
王庆
蔡一贤
靳耿权
徐凌志
王子巍
郑启朋
徐永谦
黄明辉
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Central South University
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Central South University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D31/00Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles
    • B21D31/005Incremental shaping or bending, e.g. stepwise moving a shaping tool along the surface of the workpiece
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency forming method of an aluminum alloy plate, which comprises the following steps: firstly, tightly attaching an aluminum alloy member in an autoclave to a mold under the action of load; secondly, heating the autoclave to the regression aging temperature and preserving heat; thirdly, cooling and unloading to obtain an aluminum alloy component product formed by creep deformation to a target shape; and fourthly, after a plurality of creep-formed aluminum alloy component products are obtained, putting the component products into an aging furnace in batches for aging treatment, and obtaining the aluminum alloy component products with the final performance meeting the requirements. By combining the regression aging process and the creep forming technology, the invention not only can greatly accelerate the creep forming efficiency by utilizing the short-time high temperature of the regression aging, but also can obtain a product with better comprehensive performance than the prior art, thereby greatly expanding the application prospect of the creep aging forming technology on the traditional aluminum alloy with lower creep deformation, and greatly shortening the production period of the product by putting the product into the aging furnace in subsequent batches.

Description

Efficient aluminum alloy plate forming method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of creep age forming, in particular to a high-efficiency forming method of an aluminum alloy plate.
Background
Creep Age Forming (CAF) is also known as age forming. The creep aging forming technology utilizes the creep characteristic of metal, synchronously carries out artificial aging and forming, and simultaneously meets the requirement of forming performance. At present, the technology becomes one of the key process technologies for manufacturing the advanced large-scale aircraft wall panels abroad, and the technology is also paid attention in various aspects in the domestic large aircraft project. Sallah, J.Peddiison et al first conceptually divided the creep age forming process into 3 stages in 1991, as shown in FIG. 1.
(1) And (4) a loading stage. And gradually applying proper load to the upper surface of the aluminum alloy member at room temperature to deform the aluminum alloy member until the lower surface of the aluminum alloy member is tightly attached to the upper surface of the forming die, wherein the deformation amount is kept within the elastic range of the material.
(2) A creep aging stage. And (3) placing the aluminum alloy member and the forming tool into an autoclave, raising the temperature to the aging temperature, applying high-temperature load and keeping the aluminum alloy member formed for a certain time. The aluminum alloy member generates creep deformation, aging and stress relaxation processes in the process, and three mechanisms interact with each other, so that the structure and the performance of the material are greatly changed, and the forming process is completed.
(3) And (4) unloading. The heat preservation is finished and the load applied to the aluminum alloy member is removed, and the aluminum alloy member is air-cooled to room temperature and is free to rebound. Due to the effects of creep aging and stress relaxation, part of elastic deformation in the aluminum alloy member is converted into permanent plastic deformation, so that the aluminum alloy member keeps certain deformation after being unloaded.
Springback is a common feature of all forming techniques, and for creep age forming techniques the amount of springback is large because the transition from elastic deformation to creep (plastic) deformation is limited. The resilience of different aluminum alloys after creep age forming is different, and some of the resilience is about 30 percent, and some of the resilience is 60 percent or even more than 90 percent. For aluminum alloy with large resilience, the profile depth of the aluminum alloy when designing the die is increased, so that the aluminum alloy member deforms too much in the loading stage, the material enters the plastic deformation stage, and even tearing or buckling can occur, as shown in fig. 2. Creep age forming of these aluminum alloys can therefore only be used to shape certain forming processes or to form aluminum alloy parts with low curvature.
The creep process of an aluminum alloy can be divided into three stages, i.e., a creep first stage, a creep second stage, and a creep third stage, according to the creep deformation rate (i.e., the forming rate), as shown in fig. 3. The creep rate is higher in the first stage of creep, but gradually decreases along with time, then the second stage is entered, the creep rate begins to increase along with the extension of the creep time, and the material enters the third stage of creep and finally creep rupture occurs. In addition, the duration of the second phase decreases substantially with increasing temperature, or even disappears. In the conventional creep age forming process, the creep deformation time of the material is equal to the aging time (generally more than ten hours), so the material can undergo a first creep deformation stage and a second creep deformation stage, but according to the characteristics of the creep deformation, the highest creep deformation rate (i.e. forming rate) is the first creep deformation stage, and the second creep deformation stage not only lasts for a long time, but also has a low deformation rate, so that the average creep deformation rate of the conventional creep age forming process is slower, and the forming is greatly limited. Although the creep amount of the material can be increased by prolonging the aging time and increasing the aging temperature, the creep aging time is only prolonged by the time of the second stage, and the forming efficiency is further reduced; while blindly increasing the aging temperature results in poor performance. Therefore, it is not possible to simply extend the forming time and raise the forming temperature to accelerate the forming efficiency.
In view of the above problems, many people in the art have studied the technology, for example, patent No. 201710124448.8 discloses a method for rapid creep aging forming, which refers to a creep aging forming method with short time, high temperature and long time, low temperature, although the overall forming efficiency of creep can be improved to some extent and the forming performance is not weakened; however, the aging forming stage of the aluminum alloy member in the autoclave still does not avoid the creep second stage with low deformation efficiency, so that the working time of the autoclave is still wasted, and the production cycle of single-piece products is still longer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an efficient aluminum alloy plate forming method to solve the problems that in the prior art, a single product occupies a long autoclave time and the forming efficiency is not high enough in the forming process of an aluminum alloy component.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a high efficiency forming method of an aluminum alloy sheet, comprising the steps of:
firstly, tightly attaching an aluminum alloy member in an autoclave to a mold under the action of load;
step two, regressing creep aging: heating the autoclave to the regression aging temperature T1, wherein the heat preservation time is T1;
thirdly, cooling the autoclave to room temperature, and unloading to obtain an aluminum alloy component product formed in a creep deformation mode to a target shape;
step four, aging again: after obtaining a plurality of creep-formed aluminum alloy member products, putting the aluminum alloy member products into an aging furnace in batches, and performing reaging treatment at the temperature of T2 for a time period of T2 to obtain the aluminum alloy member products with the final performance meeting the requirements;
the regression ageing temperature T1 is 40-120 ℃ higher than the reaging temperature T2, and the difference between the load of the first step and the load of the second step is not more than 10%.
Further, the first step is to attach the vacuum bag to the aluminum alloy member and the mold, then vacuumize the vacuum bag, send the aluminum alloy member and the mold into the autoclave together, and finally pressurize the autoclave to enable the aluminum alloy member to be closely attached to the mold.
Further, the regression aging temperature T1 in the second step is 160-200 ℃, and the heat preservation time T1 is 1-4 hours; the reaging time t2 in the fourth step is 12-24 hours; the regression ageing temperature T1 is 60-100 ℃ higher than the reaging temperature T2.
Further, the regression aging temperature T1 in the second step is 180 ℃, and the heat preservation time T1 is 2 hours; the reaging temperature T2 in the fourth step at the temperature is 120 ℃, and the reaging time T2 is 24 hours.
Further, the temperature rise rate in the second step is not more than 2 ℃/min, and the temperature drop rate in the third step is not more than 2 ℃/min.
Further, the aluminum alloy plate is a 7XXX series aluminum alloy plate, the tensile strength of the obtained aluminum alloy component product is 540-575 MPa, the yield strength is 585-610 MPa, and the elongation is 9.5% -10.6%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) by combining the regression aging process with the creep forming technology, the invention can utilize the short-time high temperature of the regression aging to creep the aluminum alloy component in the autoclave, so that the whole creep process is kept in the first and third stages, the creep forming efficiency is greatly accelerated, the creep aging forming time of a single product in the autoclave is obviously shortened, and the capacity of the autoclave is greatly released; the product with better comprehensive performance than the prior art can be obtained, and the application prospect of the creep age forming technology on the traditional aluminum alloy with lower creep deformation is greatly expanded.
(2) The regression aging treatment under stress in the second step of the invention improves the stress corrosion cracking resistance and the conductivity of the material, so that the comprehensive performance of the material is better; and the introduction of stress accelerates the evolution process of precipitated phases, so that the process time of the step is greatly shortened, and the forming efficiency of the aluminum alloy plate is greatly improved.
(3) The invention puts the creep age-formed products into the aging furnace in batches for re-aging, thus greatly shortening the production period.
(4) In some aluminum alloy materials (e.g., 7B50 aluminum alloy), forming an aluminum alloy member with a large curvature, i.e., a small radius of curvature, using conventional creep-age forming methods is not possible, and such aluminum alloy member products can be obtained using the methods of the present invention.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a prior art process flow diagram of a creep age forming method in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a comparative graphical representation of the spring back of a formed product using creep age forming techniques;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of three stages of a creep process in the prior art;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a comparison of mechanical properties of aluminum alloy structural members produced by two forming methods, example 1 and comparative example 1;
FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of a comparison of creep for aluminum alloy part products made using two forming methods, example 1 and comparative example 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of an aluminum alloy structural member product made using two forming methods, example 1 and comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways, which are defined and covered by the claims.
Referring to fig. 1, a high efficiency aluminum alloy sheet forming method of the present invention comprises the steps of:
firstly, tightly attaching an aluminum alloy member in an autoclave to a mold under the action of load;
step two, regressing creep aging: heating the autoclave to the regression aging temperature T1, wherein the heat preservation time is T1;
thirdly, cooling the autoclave to room temperature, and unloading to obtain an aluminum alloy component product formed in a creep deformation mode to a target shape;
step four, aging again: after obtaining a plurality of creep-formed aluminum alloy member products, putting the aluminum alloy member products into an aging furnace in batches, and performing reaging treatment at the temperature of T2 for a time period of T2 to obtain the aluminum alloy member products with the final performance meeting the requirements; the regression ageing temperature T1 is 40-120 ℃ higher than the reaging temperature T2, and the difference between the load in the first step and the load in the second step is not more than 10%. In the present invention, the second step is both forming and forming, and the forming of the sheet material is substantially completed before the fourth step is started, so that the fourth step is substantially the forming of the sheet material.
Example 1
Taking a 7B50 aluminum alloy plate as an example, a specific creep age forming method is disclosed, which specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, attaching a vacuum bag to an aluminum alloy member and a mold, vacuumizing, feeding the aluminum alloy member and the mold into an autoclave together, and pressurizing to enable the aluminum alloy member to be tightly attached to the mold;
secondly, heating the autoclave to the regression aging temperature of 180 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and the heating rate of the autoclave is not more than 2 ℃/min in the process;
thirdly, cooling the autoclave to room temperature, unloading to obtain an aluminum alloy component product formed in a creep deformation mode to a target shape, wherein the cooling rate in the process is not more than 2 ℃/min;
fourthly, after a plurality of creep-formed aluminum alloy component products are obtained, putting the aluminum alloy component products into an aging furnace in batches, and performing reaging treatment at the temperature of 120 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain the aluminum alloy component products with the final performance meeting the requirements; wherein the load in the first step is the same as the load in the second step.
The mechanical properties and creep of the aluminum alloy structural member products obtained by the forming methods of example 1 and comparative example 1 are shown in fig. 4 and 5, respectively, and neither time in fig. 5 includes the heating time of the autoclave (for example, 2 hours and 40 minutes is required for heating from room temperature to 180 ℃). It is understood from the figure that the creep age forming process of example 1 requires 16 hours or more to achieve the requirements of yield strength of 555MPa, tensile strength of 599MPa, and elongation of 10.09%, but an aluminum alloy member with a creep amount of 0.35% cannot be obtained at all, and only an aluminum alloy member with a small curvature can be obtained. By using the scheme provided by the invention, the aluminum alloy member with the creep amount of 0.35% can be prepared, and the period in the autoclave can is only less than 4 hours. Therefore, the invention obviously shortens the creep age forming time of the aluminum alloy plate in the autoclave, thereby releasing the capacity of the autoclave and greatly improving the forming efficiency of the aluminum alloy plate.
The test piece with apparent curvature in fig. 6 was completed using a modified method, while the test piece without apparent curvature was completed using a classical method. Tests prove that the forming method combining the regression creep aging and the re-aging can achieve the aim of forming the aluminum alloy member with large curvature, namely small curvature radius, and meet the production requirement.
In the second step of the invention, the temperature of the regression aging is combined with the creep aging in the autoclave, the high temperature of the aluminum alloy component and the vacuum and load environment of the hot autoclave are utilized to enable the aluminum alloy component to be rapidly formed in the second step, and then the aluminum alloy component is subjected to the fourth step of re-aging formability in the aging furnace, thus obtaining the formed and formed aluminum alloy component product. The time t1 for the heat preservation of the regression creep aging in the second step is generally 1-4 hours, and the time t2 for the re-aging in the fourth step is generally 12-24 hours, but more than ten to twenty (for example, 12-15) aluminum alloy members can be aged in the aging furnace once. However, creep-aged or retrocreep-aged aluminum alloy components in autoclave can only be formed one piece at a time.
According to the invention, the regression creep aging forming method combines the characteristics of the second-stage aging treatment in the traditional RRA system, namely the high-temperature short-time treatment in the regression stage and the characteristic that the deformation rate of the material in the first stage at high temperature is high but the duration is short, so that the average deformation efficiency of the material in the autoclave during forming can be greatly improved, the time of the autoclave occupied by a single product is reduced, and the use efficiency of equipment is improved; and the phase evolution process of the material precipitated under the action of stress is accelerated, the phenomenon of heat treatment time can be shortened, and the forming time in the hot pressing tank can be further shortened. Therefore, the combination of the two processes of the regression creep age forming and the re-age forming in the invention is not simple superposition and has the mutual promotion effect, and the specific description is as follows:
(1) influence of the regression aging treatment on the creep behavior of the material: the time requirement for the regression process is short, typically only 1-4 hours, during which the material can remain in the first stage of creep; the temperature of the regression treatment is generally higher, the creep rate of the material is greatly improved at high temperature, and even the material can skip the second stage of creep, so that the material can keep the high creep rate of one stage or three stages in the whole process, and time can not be wasted in the second stage of low creep rate.
(2) Effect of stress (creep) on material retroageing treatment: the existing research shows that the micro evolution process of the material can be accelerated by carrying out aging treatment on stress, the time of regression aging is reduced to a certain extent, and even the temperature of regression aging is properly reduced, so that the regression creep aging is easier to realize industrially; and the aging treatment under stress can also improve the service performances of the material, such as corrosion resistance, fracture toughness and the like to a certain extent.
In the invention, after the aluminum alloy member is subjected to the regression creep aging forming, although the shape of the aluminum alloy member meets the requirement, the performance of the aluminum alloy member is not up to the standard (the reason is consistent with that of the traditional regression aging), so that the subsequent re-aging treatment is required at a lower temperature, the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy member is improved, and the comprehensive performance is enhanced.
In the invention, the subsequent re-aging treatment of the formed aluminum alloy components in the autoclave can be carried out in batch in the aging furnace, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of single products. The production period of a product is mainly determined by the process which consumes the longest time, the process time of a single product subjected to the regression creep aging treatment is 1-4 hours, and the process time of a single product subjected to the subsequent re-aging treatment is 24 hours of the number of the processed products, which is obviously shorter than that of the single product, so that the actual process aging of the invention is determined by the time of the regression creep aging treatment, the time is much shorter than that of the traditional creep aging forming process, and the production period of the product under the process is remarkably shortened.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is a classic 120 ℃ creep age forming process of the prior art, with the following specific steps:
firstly, attaching a vacuum bag to an aluminum alloy member and a mold, vacuumizing, feeding the aluminum alloy member and the mold into an autoclave together, and pressurizing to enable the aluminum alloy member to be tightly attached to the mold;
secondly, heating the autoclave to creep aging temperature of 120 ℃ for 16 hours;
and thirdly, cooling the autoclave to room temperature, and unloading to obtain a creep age-formed product.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. An efficient aluminum alloy sheet forming method, characterized by comprising the steps of:
firstly, tightly attaching an aluminum alloy member in an autoclave to a mold under the action of load;
step two, regressing creep aging: heating the autoclave to the regression aging temperature T1, wherein the heat preservation time is T1;
thirdly, cooling the autoclave to room temperature, and unloading to obtain an aluminum alloy component product formed in a creep deformation mode to a target shape;
step four, aging again: after obtaining a plurality of creep-formed aluminum alloy member products, putting the aluminum alloy member products into an aging furnace in batches, and performing reaging treatment at the temperature of T2 for a time period of T2 to obtain the aluminum alloy member products with the final performance meeting the requirements; the regression ageing temperature T1 is 40-120 ℃ higher than the reaging temperature T2, and the difference between the load in the first step and the load in the second step is not more than 10%.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first step comprises attaching a vacuum bag to the aluminum alloy member and the mold, evacuating the vacuum bag, placing the aluminum alloy member and the mold into an autoclave, and pressing the autoclave to attach the aluminum alloy member to the mold.
3. The method of forming an aluminum alloy sheet as set forth in claim 1, wherein the retrogression aging temperature T1 in the second step is 160 to 200 ℃ and the keeping warm time T1 is 1 to 4 hours; the reaging time t2 in the fourth step is 12-24 hours; the regression ageing temperature T1 is 60-100 ℃ higher than the reaging temperature T2.
4. The aluminum alloy sheet forming method as set forth in claim 3, wherein the retrogression aging temperature T1 in the second step is 180 ℃ and the keeping time period T1 is 2 hours; the reaging temperature T2 in the fourth step is 120 ℃, and the reaging time T2 is 24 hours.
5. The aluminum alloy sheet forming method as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the temperature rising rate in the second step is not more than 2 ℃/min and the temperature lowering rate in the third step is not more than 2 ℃/min.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy sheet is a 7XXX series aluminum alloy sheet, and the aluminum alloy member product after re-aging has a tensile strength of 540 to 575MPa, a yield strength of 585 to 610MPa, and an elongation of 9.5% to 10.6%.
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CN111195678B (en) * 2020-01-11 2021-02-09 中南大学 Economical creep aging forming method for large thin-wall component
CN111575615B (en) * 2020-05-28 2021-12-28 中南大学 Method for inhibiting buckling in creep age forming of aluminum alloy component with complex curvature
TWI797844B (en) * 2021-11-23 2023-04-01 財團法人金屬工業研究發展中心 A forming process of aluminum alloy sheet
CN114472650B (en) * 2022-02-10 2024-03-26 上海交通大学 Aluminum alloy plate body composite-creep aging integrated forming method
CN115874121A (en) * 2022-12-13 2023-03-31 山东创新金属科技有限公司 Aging heat treatment process for heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy

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GB2535497B (en) * 2015-02-18 2021-05-05 Avic Beijing Aeronautical Mfg A die mechanism, an apparatus, and a method for shaping a component for creep-age forming
CN106862376B (en) * 2017-03-03 2018-09-04 中南大学 A kind of method of fast creep age forming
CN106862377B (en) * 2017-03-14 2018-12-28 中南大学 A kind of manufacturing process of aluminium alloy plate
CN109207888A (en) * 2018-09-27 2019-01-15 西北工业大学 A kind of efficient creep age forming method of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy plate non-isothermal

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