CN110247009A - A kind of anti-overcharge diaphragm and preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery - Google Patents

A kind of anti-overcharge diaphragm and preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110247009A
CN110247009A CN201910595740.7A CN201910595740A CN110247009A CN 110247009 A CN110247009 A CN 110247009A CN 201910595740 A CN201910595740 A CN 201910595740A CN 110247009 A CN110247009 A CN 110247009A
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China
Prior art keywords
overcharge
diaphragm
lithium
silicon
lithium titanate
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Pending
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CN201910595740.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
叶璐
申红光
田义军
赖冠全
刘城
何江龙
李俊义
徐延铭
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Zhuhai Cosmx Battery Co Ltd
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Zhuhai Cosmx Battery Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201910595740.7A priority Critical patent/CN110247009A/en
Publication of CN110247009A publication Critical patent/CN110247009A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/403Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411Organic material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/431Inorganic material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of anti-overcharge diaphragm and preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery, belong to technical field of lithium ion, concrete scheme is as follows: a kind of anti-overcharge diaphragm, including safety coatings and membrane layer, one or two surface of the membrane layer is arranged in the safety coatings, and the safety coatings include lithium titanate and silicon.The mass ratio of the lithium titanate and silicon is 1~999:1~999;0.5~10 μm of the thickness of the safety coatings;The lithium titanate partial size is 0.1~10 μm;The partial size of silicon is 0.05~5 μm;All lithium branch crystalline substance can be reacted consumption when lithium titanate and silicon on anti-overcharge diaphragm are contacted with lithium branch crystalline substance, avoid lithium branch crystalline substance from piercing through diaphragm and cause internal short-circuit;The consumption of lithium Zhi Jing can reduce the side reaction of itself and electrolyte simultaneously, so as to improve the over-charging of battery.Wherein faster, and the gram volume of silicon is bigger, and lithium titanate and silicon are used in mixed way for the reaction rate of lithium titanate and lithium Zhi Jing, and thus can guarantee the rate reacted with lithium simultaneously again can guarantee the amount reacted.

Description

A kind of anti-overcharge diaphragm and preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of lithium ion more particularly to a kind of anti-overcharge diaphragm and preparation method thereof and lithium from Sub- battery.
Background technique
Lithium ion battery due to it is high with energy density, have extended cycle life, memory-less effect and advantages of environment protection, quilt It is widely used on portable electronic product, energy storage device and new-energy automobile.Diaphragm is the important composition portion of lithium ion battery Point, primarily serve the effect for preventing positive and negative anodes from contacting and allowing ionic conduction.Currently, used in the lithium ion battery of commercialization Diaphragm is mainly the polyolefins diaphragm material with microcellular structure, such as polyethylene (PE), the single-layer or multi-layer of polypropylene (PP) Film.In order to reduce the thermal contraction of diaphragm at high temperature, battery core security performance is improved, it generally can (single side be double in membrane surface Face) one layer of ceramics of coating.Existing ceramic diaphragm is preferable to furnace temperature, needle thorn, the improvement of short circuit, but to high voltage It is limited to overcharge improvement.This is because battery core cathode during overcharging can seriously analyse lithium, a large amount of Li dendrites, one side lithium are formed Dendrite may pierce through diaphragm and cause internal short-circuit, cause thermal runaway;On the other hand, the Joule heat that is generated during overcharging, anti- Answer heat and polarization heat make battery core temperature increase, and Li dendrite can occur at a higher temperature with electrolyte it is violent react, Temperature rapid increase for battery core to 200 DEG C or more, and series reaction then occurs, eventually leads to battery core thermal runaway.
In view of the above problems, following modification mode can be carried out to diaphragm: using by anti-overcharge conducting polymer with it is organic Resin carries out electrostatic spinning together and prepares overcharging resisting diaphragm.Although there is good effect, the self discharge of battery core can be caused to become Greatly, and manufacturing cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
The first purpose of this invention is the overcharging resisting ability in order to improve battery, provides a kind of anti-overcharge diaphragm.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation methods of anti-overcharge diaphragm.
Third object of the present invention is to provide a kind of lithium ion batteries containing the anti-overcharge diaphragm.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
The one of the membrane layer is arranged in a kind of anti-overcharge diaphragm, including safety coatings and membrane layer, the safety coatings A or two surfaces, the safety coatings include lithium titanate and silicon.
Further, the mass ratio of the lithium titanate and silicon is 1~999:1~999.
Further, 0.5~10 μm of the thickness of the safety coatings.
Further, the lithium titanate partial size is 0.1~10 μm, and the partial size of silicon is 0.05~5 μm.
Further, the membrane layer is porous structure, the membrane layer with a thickness of 5~30 μm, porosity 30% ~60%.
Further, the material of the membrane layer is answering for the one or more of polyolefin, poly- aramid fiber, polyacrylonitrile It closes.
A kind of preparation method of the anti-overcharge diaphragm, comprising the following steps: be the titanium of 1~999:1~999 by mass ratio Sour lithium powder is uniformly mixed to obtain mixed powder with Si powder, then by mixed powder, binder and solvent by 50~200:1~ The mass ratio of 10:200~2000 uniformly mixes, and obtains mixed slurry;Mixed slurry is uniformly coated on one of membrane layer Surface or two surfaces, the then diaphragm of 50~80 DEG C of dryings 12~obtain for 24 hours coated safety coating in a vacuum drying oven, i.e., Anti-overcharge diaphragm.
Preferably, the binder is water-based binder, and the solvent is the mixed solvent or water of ethyl alcohol and water.
Preferably, the binder is oil system binder, and the solvent is N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) or N, N- bis- Methylformamide.
A kind of lithium ion battery of the anti-overcharge diaphragm, the lithium ion battery include positive plate, negative electrode tab and described Anti-overcharge diaphragm.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) due to battery core, cathode can seriously analyse lithium during overcharging, and form a large amount of Li dendrites, the titanium on anti-overcharge diaphragm All lithium branch crystalline substance can be reacted consumption when sour lithium and silicon are contacted with lithium branch crystalline substance, avoid lithium branch crystalline substance from piercing through diaphragm and cause internal short-circuit;Simultaneously The consumption of lithium Zhi Jing can reduce the side reaction of itself and electrolyte, so as to improve the over-charging of battery.Wherein lithium titanate and lithium Faster, and the gram volume of silicon is bigger (under phase homogenous quantities, silicon is more than the amount for the lithium that lithium titanate consumes) for the reaction rate of Zhi Jing, because Lithium titanate and silicon are used in mixed way by this, and thus can guarantee the rate reacted with lithium simultaneously again can guarantee the amount of reaction.
(2) anti-overcharge diaphragm can keep the dimensionally stable of diaphragm at high temperature as ceramic diaphragm, and it is resistance to improve diaphragm It is hot, and then improve battery safety.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described further.In following specific embodiments, it is related to Positive conductive agent, cathode conductive agent, cathode thickener and electrolyte be conventional to prepare the common material of lithium ion battery, quotient It purchases to obtain the final product.
Specific embodiment one
The one of the membrane layer is arranged in a kind of anti-overcharge diaphragm, including safety coatings and membrane layer, the safety coatings A or two surfaces, the safety coatings include lithium titanate and silicon.
Further, the mass ratio of the lithium titanate and silicon is 1~999:1~999.
Further, 0.5~10 μm of the thickness of the safety coatings.
Further, the lithium titanate partial size is 0.1~10 μm, and the partial size of silicon is 0.05~5 μm.
Further, the membrane layer is porous structure, the membrane layer with a thickness of 5~30 μm, porosity 30% ~60%.
Further, the material of the membrane layer is answering for the one or more of polyolefin, poly- aramid fiber, polyacrylonitrile It closes.
A kind of preparation method of the anti-overcharge diaphragm, comprising the following steps: by mass ratio be 1~999:1~999 Lithium titanate powder is uniformly mixed to obtain mixed powder with Si powder, and mixed powder, binder and solvent are then pressed 50~200:1 The mass ratio of~10:200~2000 uniformly mixes, and obtains mixed slurry;Mixed slurry is uniformly coated on the one of membrane layer A surface or two surfaces, then 50~80 DEG C of dryings 12~obtain the porous of coated safety coating for 24 hours in a vacuum drying oven Diaphragm, i.e., anti-overcharge diaphragm.
Preferably, the binder is water-based binder, and the solvent is the mixed solvent or water of ethyl alcohol and water.
A kind of lithium ion battery containing the anti-overcharge diaphragm, the lithium ion battery include positive plate, negative electrode tab With the anti-overcharge diaphragm.
The preparation method of the lithium ion battery: positive active material, positive electrode binder, positive conductive agent are dispersed in just Pole stirring solvent uniformly obtains anode sizing agent, and anode sizing agent is evenly coated in aluminium foil two sides and obtains positive plate;Graphite, cathode are glued It connects agent, cathode thickener and cathode conductive agent and is uniformly mixed and disperse to obtain negative electrode slurry in deionized water, negative electrode slurry is applied It overlays on and obtains negative electrode tab on copper foil;By positive plate, negative electrode tab and the anti-overcharge stacked core of diaphragm lamination are then injected into electrolyte, warp It crosses lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery often is prepared with process.
Further, the positive electrode active materials be one of ternary material, cobalt acid lithium, LiMn2O4, LiFePO4 or The a variety of combination of person.
Further, the negative electrode active material is the one or more of carbon material, silicon materials, lithium titanate, tin material Combination.
Further, the positive electrode binder is oil system binder, and the anode solvent is N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) Or N,N-dimethylformamide.
Further, oil system binder is Kynoar (PVDF), Kynoar-hexafluoropropene, poly- methyl One or more kinds of compoundings of methacrylate.
Further, the negative electrode binder is water-based binder, and the cathode solvent is the mixed solvent of ethyl alcohol and water Or water.
Further, the water system bonding agent be butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR), sodium carboxymethylcellulose pyce (CMC), cyclodextrin, gelatin, One or more kinds of compoundings of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate, acrylonitrile multiple copolymer.
Further, the lithium ion battery is soft-package battery, aluminum-shell battery or cylindrical battery.
Specific embodiment two
The one of the membrane layer is arranged in a kind of anti-overcharge diaphragm, including safety coatings and membrane layer, the safety coatings A or two surfaces, the safety coatings include lithium titanate and silicon.
Further, the mass ratio of the lithium titanate and silicon is 1~999:1~999.
Further, the safety coatings with a thickness of 1.0~4.0 μm.
Further, the lithium titanate partial size is 0.1~10 μm, and the partial size of silicon is 0.05~5 μm.
Further, the membrane layer is porous structure, the membrane layer with a thickness of 5~30 μm, porosity 30% ~60%.
Further, the material of the membrane layer is answering for the one or more of polyolefin, poly- aramid fiber, polyacrylonitrile It closes.
A kind of preparation method of the anti-overcharge diaphragm, comprising the following steps: by mass ratio be 1~999:1~999 Lithium titanate powder is uniformly mixed to obtain mixed powder with Si powder, and mixed powder, binder and solvent are then pressed 50~200:1 The mass ratio of~10:200~2000 uniformly mixes, and obtains mixed slurry;Mixed slurry is uniformly coated on the one of membrane layer A surface or two surfaces, then 50~80 DEG C of dryings 12~obtain the porous of coated safety coating for 24 hours in a vacuum drying oven Diaphragm, i.e., anti-overcharge diaphragm.
Preferably, the binder is oil system binder, and the solvent is N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) or N, N- bis- Methylformamide.
A kind of lithium ion battery containing the anti-overcharge diaphragm, the lithium ion battery include positive plate, negative electrode tab With the anti-overcharge diaphragm.
The preparation method of the lithium ion battery: positive active material, positive electrode binder, positive conductive agent are dispersed in just Pole stirring solvent uniformly obtains anode sizing agent, and anode sizing agent is evenly coated in aluminium foil two sides and obtains positive plate;Graphite, cathode are glued It connects agent, cathode thickener and cathode conductive agent and is uniformly mixed and disperse to obtain negative electrode slurry in deionized water, negative electrode slurry is applied It overlays on and obtains negative electrode tab on copper foil;By positive plate, negative electrode tab and the anti-overcharge stacked core of diaphragm lamination are then injected into electrolyte, warp It crosses lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery often is prepared with process.
Further, the positive electrode active materials be one of ternary material, cobalt acid lithium, LiMn2O4, LiFePO4 or The a variety of combination of person.
Further, the negative electrode active material is the one or more of carbon material, silicon materials, lithium titanate, tin material Combination.
Further, the positive electrode binder is oil system binder, and the anode solvent is N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) Or N,N-dimethylformamide.
Further, oil system binder is Kynoar (PVDF), Kynoar-hexafluoropropene, poly- methyl One or more kinds of compoundings of methacrylate.
Further, the negative electrode binder is water-based binder, and the cathode solvent is the mixed solvent of ethyl alcohol and water Or water.
Further, the water system bonding agent be butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR), sodium carboxymethylcellulose pyce (CMC), cyclodextrin, gelatin, One or more kinds of compoundings of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate, acrylonitrile multiple copolymer.
Further, the lithium ion battery is soft-package battery, aluminum-shell battery or cylindrical battery.
Embodiment 1
(1) preparation method of anti-overcharge diaphragm:
Being that 2:1 ratio is uniformly mixed according to mass ratio by lithium titanate powder and silicon powder obtains mixed powder, then will mixing Powder, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (mass fraction 2%), butadiene-styrene rubber (mass fraction 32%), deionized water and ethyl alcohol are pressed It is mixed according to 10:10:10:53:46 mass ratio, is stirred 3 hours at 3000r/min and form it into uniform mixed slurry;It uses Mixed slurry is uniformly coated on the single side of membrane layer (basement membrane) by gravure coater, and then in a vacuum drying oven 50~80 DEG C Dry 12~for 24 hours, application rate 15m/min, basement membrane uses PP/PE/PP composite membrane (9 μm of thickness, porosity 40%), applies Cloth obtains the diaphragm coated with safety coatings with a thickness of 3 μm, i.e., anti-overcharge diaphragm is labeled as S1.
(2) preparation method of the battery containing anti-overcharge diaphragm:
Positive active material ternary nickel cobalt manganese NCM, binder PVDF and conductive black are dispersed in N-Methyl pyrrolidone Obtain uniform anode sizing agent, in anode sizing agent, solid component include NCM622,1wt% of 97wt% binder PVDF and The conductive black of 2wt%, solid content is 70wt% in anode sizing agent, and the anode sizing agent is equably coated in aluminium foil two sides, It is compacted by 90~130 DEG C of dry 6h, roll squeezer, wherein compacted density is 3.0~3.6g/cm3, obtain positive plate and be denoted as P1.
Graphite, butadiene-styrene rubber, thickener sodium carboxymethylcellulose and conductive agent conductive black are mixed and are dispersed in deionization Obtain negative electrode slurry in water, in negative electrode slurry, solid component include the graphite of 95wt%, 1.5wt% sodium carboxymethylcellulose, The butadiene-styrene rubber of the conductive black of 1.5wt%, 2wt%, solid content is 40~45wt% in negative electrode slurry.Equably by the slurry It is coated in copper foil two sides, is compacted by 90~130 DEG C of dry 6h, roll squeezer, wherein compacted density is 1.2~1.8g/cm3, obtain Negative electrode tab is denoted as N1.
By positive plate P1, negative electrode tab N1 and the anti-overcharge stacked core of diaphragm S1 lamination, wherein safety coatings are folded towards cathode direction Piece is then injected into electrolyte, and the design voltage of battery is 4.2V, and battery C1 is prepared.
Embodiment 2
2 difference from Example 1 of embodiment is: safety coatings are towards positive extreme direction when lamination.The battery being prepared For C2.
Embodiment 3
3 difference from Example 1 of embodiment is: in the dual coating safety coatings of basement membrane, the thickness of the coating on two sides Degree is 3 μm, and the battery being prepared is C3.
Comparative example 1
1 difference from Example 1 of comparative example is: replacing safety to apply using basement membrane (being not coated by safety coatings on diaphragm) Layer coated separator, the battery being prepared are D1.
Comparative example 2
2 difference from Example 1 of comparative example is: using ceramics (aluminium oxide, with a thickness of 3 μm) coated separator of purchase Replace safety coatings diaphragm, the battery being prepared is D2.
The over-charging of comparative example 1~2 and Examples 1 to 3 test result is as follows table 1
D1 D2 C1 C2 C3
1C/5.04V Do not pass through Pass through Pass through Pass through Pass through
2C/5.04V Do not pass through Do not pass through Pass through Do not pass through Pass through
1C/6.30V Do not pass through Do not pass through Pass through Do not pass through Pass through

Claims (10)

1. a kind of anti-overcharge diaphragm, it is characterised in that: including safety coatings and membrane layer, safety coatings setting it is described every One or two surface of film layer, the safety coatings include lithium titanate and silicon.
2. a kind of anti-overcharge diaphragm according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the mass ratio of the lithium titanate and silicon is 1 ~999:1~999.
3. a kind of anti-overcharge diaphragm according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: 0.5~10 μ of thickness of the safety coatings m。
4. a kind of anti-overcharge diaphragm according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the lithium titanate partial size is 0.1~10 μm, The partial size of silicon is 0.05~5 μm.
5. a kind of anti-overcharge diaphragm according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the membrane layer is porous structure, described Membrane layer with a thickness of 5~30 μm, porosity is 30%~60%.
6. a kind of anti-overcharge diaphragm according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the material of the membrane layer be polyolefin, Poly- aramid fiber, polyacrylonitrile it is one or more kinds of compound.
7. a kind of preparation method of anti-overcharge diaphragm described in claim 1-6 any claim, it is characterised in that: including with Lower step: being uniformly mixed the lithium titanate powder that mass ratio is 1~999:1~999 to obtain mixed powder with Si powder, then will Mixed powder, binder and solvent are uniformly mixed by 50~200:1~10:200~2000 mass ratio, obtain mixed slurry; Mixed slurry is uniformly coated on to the surface or two surfaces of membrane layer, then in a vacuum drying oven 50~80 DEG C it is dry Dry 12~diaphragm of coated safety coating, i.e., anti-overcharge diaphragm are obtained for 24 hours.
8. a kind of preparation method of anti-overcharge diaphragm according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the binder is water system Binder, the solvent are the mixed solvent or water of ethyl alcohol and water.
9. a kind of preparation method of anti-overcharge diaphragm according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the binder is oil system Binder, the solvent are N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) or n,N-Dimethylformamide.
10. a kind of lithium ion battery containing anti-overcharge diaphragm described in claim 1-6 any claim, feature exist In: the lithium ion battery includes positive plate, negative electrode tab and the anti-overcharge diaphragm.
CN201910595740.7A 2019-07-03 2019-07-03 A kind of anti-overcharge diaphragm and preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery Pending CN110247009A (en)

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CN110600678A (en) * 2019-10-18 2019-12-20 珠海冠宇电池有限公司 Overcharge-resistant pole piece, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery
CN110957454A (en) * 2019-11-16 2020-04-03 银隆新能源股份有限公司 Quick-charging lithium ion battery with silicon-carbon material as negative electrode and preparation method thereof
CN111244373A (en) * 2020-01-22 2020-06-05 同济大学 Feedback type lithium ion battery diaphragm material and preparation and application thereof
CN112194914A (en) * 2020-08-28 2021-01-08 河北金力新能源科技股份有限公司 Lithium battery diaphragm slurry, lithium battery diaphragm prepared from same and lithium battery
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CN114335900A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-12 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 Diaphragm and battery containing same
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CN116544615A (en) * 2023-07-03 2023-08-04 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Separator, lithium secondary battery, and electricity-using device

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CN110600678A (en) * 2019-10-18 2019-12-20 珠海冠宇电池有限公司 Overcharge-resistant pole piece, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery
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EP4024599A3 (en) * 2021-01-05 2022-07-27 SK Innovation Co., Ltd. Separator having excellent thermal conductivity and electrochemical element using the same
CN114335900A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-12 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 Diaphragm and battery containing same
CN116544615A (en) * 2023-07-03 2023-08-04 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Separator, lithium secondary battery, and electricity-using device

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Application publication date: 20190917